SOLAMALAI COLEEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi , Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

Veerapanjan, Madurai-625 020

www.solamalaice.ac.in

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

FIRST SEMESTER

GE8161 PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING LAB

MANUAL

(Regulation 2017)
GE8161 PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LAB MANUAL
OBJECTIVES

• To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

• To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
• Use functions for structuring Python programs.
• Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
• Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF PROGRAMS

1. Compute the GCD of two numbers.

2. Find the square root of a number (Newton’s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13. Simulate bouncing ball using Pygame

PLATFORM NEEDED

Python 3 interpreter for Windows/Linux

OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

• Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

• Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
• Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
• Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
• Read and write data from/to files in Python.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
 CONTENTS

Sl.No Ex.No. Title of the Experiments

1 Introduction to python Interpreter – Working Environment
2 Simple Programs
3 1 Compute the GCD of two numbers.
4 2 Find the square root of a number (Newton’s method)
5 3 Exponentiation (power of a number)
4a Find the maximum of a list of numbers
6
4b Removing all the duplicate elements in a list
5a Linear search
7
5b Binary search
6a Selection sort
8
6b Insertion sort
9 7 Merge sort
10 8 First n prime numbers
11 9 Matrix Multiplication
12 10 Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
13 11 Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
14 Pygame Installation - Steps
15 12 Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
16 13 Simulate bouncing ball using Pygame
17 Do Yourself
18 Viva Questions
 IDLE

Integrated DeveLopment Environment or Integrated Development

and Learning Environment, is an integrated development environment for Python, It
provides GUI Interface
SIMPLE PROGRAMS

Program 1: Addition of two numbers

a=5
b=6
print (a+b)

Program 2: Multiplication of two numbers

a=int(input("enter a value"))
b=int(input("enter a value"))
c=a * b
print("Multiplication of ", a, "x", b,"is", c)

Program 3: Factorial of a given Number

N=int(input("enter value"))
fact=1
i=1
while i<=N :
fact=fact * i
i=i+1
print(" Factorial of ",N, " is ", fact)

Program 4: Finding odd or even

N=int(input("enter a value"))
c=N % 2
if c == 0 :
print (" Given " , N, ". is EVEN")
else :
print( " Given " ,"N", "is ODD")

Program 5: Sum of N integers using function

def sum() : -----------------”function definition”

 n=int(input("enter a value"))
sum=0
for i in range (0,n) :
x=int(input("enter value"))
sum=sum + x
print ("Sum is ", sum)
sum() -------------”function call statement”

Program 6: Print Odd numbers in List

def ODD () :
# function block starts ---------------- single comment line
list= [4, 2, 8, 9, 3, 7]
list1=[]
j=0
for i in list :
if i % 2 != 0 :
list1.append(i)
j=j+1
for i in list1 :
print( i)
ODD ()
Ex. No 1 COMPUTE THE GCD OF TWO NUMBERS.

Aim:

To compute the GCD of two numbers

Algorithm

1. Import the math package.

2. Read two input values using input function
3. convert these values into integers
4. Store these values into two variables
5. Use the in-built function to find the GCD of both the numbers.
6. Print the GCD.
7. Exit.
Pseudocode
import
A=input()
B=input()
x=int()
y=int()
C=gcd()
print()

Expected Output

C:\Python36-32\mypgm>ex1.py
enter first value12
enter second value20
The GCD of 12 , 20 is 4
Ex. No 2 FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER (NEWTON’S METHOD)

Aim

To find the square root of a number (Newton’s method)

Algorithm

1. create a function using def

2.Read one input value using input function
3. convert it ifloat integers
4. find the square root of the given number
6. Print the result
7. call the function
8. Exit.

Pseudocode

print ("Newton's Method.")

def function_name :
A=input()
x=float()
C=
print()
function_name

Expected Output

C:\Python36-32\mypgm>a2.py
Newton's Method.
enter a value16
Square root of 16 is= 4.0
Ex. No 3 EXPONENTIATION (POWER OF A NUMBER)

Aim

To write a python program to find exponentiation (power of a Number)

Algorithm

1. Create a function using def

2. Check if exponent value
a. If exponent == 1
Return base value
b. else
Recursively call the function with (base, exponent-1)
Multiply the result returned by each recursive call with base value and
Return the final result
3. Read base & exponent values using input function
4. Call the function & Print the Result
Pseudocode
def power(base,exp):
if exp==1:
return(base)
if exp!=1:
return(base*power( ))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power( ))

Expected Output

Enter base: 10
Enter exponential value: 5
Result: 100000
Ex. No 4a FIND THE MAXIMUM OF A LIST OF NUMBERS

Aim

To write a python program to find Maximum of a List of Numbers

Algorithm

1. Initialize a List
2. Read the Number of Elements
3. Read the List values one by one
4. Set Max = first element of the list
5. Compare Max with List elements
6. If Max< List element
7. Set Max= List element
8. Continue the step 5 until reach the end of the List
9. Print the Max

Pseudocode :
def MaxList():
list1=[]
N=int(input( ))
for i in range (0,N):
x=int(input( ))
list1.append(x)
Max=list1[0]
print(Max)
j=1
for condition :
if condition :
statement
print(" The Maximum Element in the List is ",Max)
MaxList()
Expected Output

Enter the number of elements5

enter value11
enter value22
enter value55
enter value112
enter value66
[11, 22, 55, 112, 66]
The Maximum Element in the List is 112
Ex. No 4b REMOVING ALL THE DUPLICATE ELEMENTS IN A LIST

Aim

To write a python program to remove all the duplicate elements in a list.

Algorithm

1. Initialize a List
2. Read the Number of Elements
3. Read the List values one by one
4. Set Dup = first element of the list
5. Compare Dup with List elements
6. If Dup = List element
7. Delete the List element
8. Continue the step 5 until the end of the List is reached
9. Print the duplicate List Elements

Pseudocode :
def DupList():
list1=[]
Dup = Set()
for val in list1:
if val not seen
output.append(val)
seen.add(val)
return output
list1=[]
result=DupList(val)
print(result)

Expected Output:

[5,1,4]
Ex. No 5a LINEAR SEARCH

Aim

To write a python program to perform Linear Search

Algorithm

Linear Search

1. Define a function called LS()

2. Define a empty list
3. Set a flag to 0
4. Read number of elements, store it in a variable called N
5. Read the values one by one using for loop
a. Append each value into the List
6. Print the list
7. Read key values to be searched in the list
8. Check whether key present in the list one by one using loop statement
a. if found ,Set flag to 1
9. If flag==1 , then print “key is found at position pos_value“
10. Else , print “key not found”
11. Call the function LS() at end of code

Pseudocode:

def LS() :
listA=
flag=
N=
print("Enter values one by one")
for i in
a=
listA .
print(listA)
key=
for
if :
flag
 if
print()
else:
printf()
LS()

Expected Output

C:\Python36-32\mypgm>a1.py
enter no.of values4
Enter values one by one
enter value11
enter value22
enter value33
enter value44
[11, 22, 33, 44]
enter key value22
22 is present in the List at position 2
Ex. No 5b BINARY SEARCH

Aim

To write a python program to perform Binary Search

Algorithm

Binary Search

1. Define a function called BS(alist,key)

2. Set a first & last values to point the boundary of list to be searched
3. Find mid position of the given list called alist
4. Compare key with mid position element
a. If mid element == key
Set found=True, print key found

b. If mid element < key

Set last= midposition -1

c. If mid element > key

Set first= midposition +1

5. Continue the steps 3 & 4 until the element found or reach the end of the list
6. Initialize a list ( elements in sorted order)
7. Call BS() with name of list & key value : BS(alist,key)
8. Print the result
Pseudocode:
def binarySearch(alist, key) :
first = 0
last = len(alist)-1
found = False
while first<=last and not found:
midpoint = ( )//2
if condition :
statement
elif condition :
statement
else:
return found
testlist = [0, 1, 2, 8, 13, 17, 19, 32, 42,]
x=binarySearch(testlist, 3)
print(x)
y=binarySearch(testlist, 13)
print(y)
Expected Output

False
Element Found 13
True
Ex No : 6a SELECTION SORT

Aim

To write a python program to perform Selection Sort

Algorithm

1. Set MIN to location 0

2. Search the maximum element in the list
3. Swap the value at location maximum
4. Decrement maximum to point to the next element
5. Repeat until the list is sorted.

Pseudocode

def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist) , , ,):
Initialize positionOfMax as zero
for location in range( ):
if alist[location]>alist[positionOfMax]:
Equate positionOf Max and location
Swap the values
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[positionOfMax]
alist[positionOfMax] = temp
alist = [ , , , ]
Call selectionSort( )
print( )

Expected Output:

alist = [17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]
Ex No : 6b INSERTION SORT

Aim

To write a python program to perform Insertion Sort

Algorithm

1. If it is first element, it is already sorted. Return 1

2. Pick next element
3. Compare with all elements in the sorted sub-list.
4. Shift all the elements in the sublist that is greater than the value to be sorted.
5. Insert the value.
6. Repeat until the list is sorted.

Pseudocode

def insertionSort(alist):
for i in range():
Equate currentvalue with alist[i]
Equate position and index
while pos>0 and alist[pos-1]>currentvalue:
alist[pos]=alist[pos-1]
Decrement pos
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [ , , , ]
call insertionSort( )
print( )

Expected Output:

alist = [17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]
Ex No : 7a MERGE SORT

Aim

To write a python program to perform Merge Sort

Algorithm

1. To sort the entire sequence A[1..n]

2. Make a call to the procedure mergesort(A,1,n)
3. Mergesort(A,p,r)
4. Check if p<r then q= floor(p+r)/2
5. Merge (A,p,q)
6. Merge (A,q+1,r)
7. Merge (A,p,q,r)

Pseudocode

def mergesort( var a as list ):

if ( n == 1 ) return a
var l1 as list = a[0] ... a[n/2]
var l2 as list = a[n/2+1] ... a[n]
Call mergesort recursively( )
return merge( l1, l2 )

def merge( var a as list, var b as list ):

var c as list
while a and b have elements
if ():
add b[0] to the end of c
remove b[0] from b
else:
add a[0] to the end of c
remove a[0] from a
while ( a has elements ):
add a[0] to the end of c
remove a[0] from a
while ( b has elements ):
add b[0] to the end of c
remove b[0] from b
return c
Expected Output:

Splitting [54, 26, 93, 17, 77, 31, 44, 55, 20]
Splitting [54, 26, 93, 17]
Splitting [54, 26]
Splitting [54]
Merging [54]
Splitting [26]
Merging [26]
Merging [26, 54]
Splitting [93, 17]
Splitting [93]
Merging [93]
Splitting [17]
Merging [17]
Merging [17, 93]
Merging [17, 26, 54, 93]
Splitting [77, 31, 44, 55, 20]
Splitting [77, 31]
Splitting [77]
Merging [77]
Splitting [31]
Merging [31]
Merging [31, 77]
Splitting [44, 55, 20]
Splitting [44]
Merging [44]
Splitting [55, 20]
Splitting [55]
Merging [55]
Splitting [20]
Merging [20]
Merging [20, 55]
Merging [20, 44, 55]
Merging [20, 31, 44, 55, 77]
Merging [17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]
Ex. No 8 FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

Aim

To write a python program to find first N prime Numbers

Algorithm

1. Read lower & Upper bound values for the Range

2. Foe each number in the Range
3. Divide the num by 2 to num-1
4. Check the remainder
If Remainder == 0 then,
Num is not a prime number.
Else
Print the Number as Prime
5. Repeat the Steps 2 to 4 until reach the Upper bound of the Range

Pseudocode:
lower = int(input("Enter lower range: "))
upper = int(input("Enter upper range: "))
print("Prime numbers between",lower,"and",upper,"are:")
for num in range(lower,upper + 1):
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if ( ) == 0:
break
else:
print(num)
Expected Output
Enter lower range: 2
Enter upper range: 10
Prime numbers between 1 and 25 are: 2 3 5 7
Ex No : 9 MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

Aim

To write a python program to perform Matrix Multiplication.

Algorithm

Matrix-Multiply(A, B)
1. Input two matrixes.
2. Output Output matrix C.
3. Complexity O(n^3)
4. if columns [A] ≠ rows [B]
then error "incompatible dimensions"
5. else
for i =1 to rows [A]
for j = 1 to columns [B]
C[i, j] =0
for k = 1 to columns [A]
C[i, j]=C[i, j]+A[i, k]*B[k, j]
6. return C

Pseudocode

Input: matrices A and B

Let C be a new matrix of the appropriate size
Pick a tile size T = Θ(M)
For I from 1 to n in steps of T:
For J from 1 to p in steps of T:
For K from 1 to m in steps of T:
Multiply AI:I+T, K:K+T and BK:K+T, J:J+T into CI:I+T, J:J+T, that is:
For i from I to min(I + T, n):
For j from J to min(J + T, p):
Let sum = 0
For k from K to min(K + T, m):
Set sum ← sum + Aik × Bkj
Set Cij ← Cij + sum
Return C

Expected Output:
[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]
Ex No : 10 COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS – WORD COUNT

Aim
To write a python program to perform count of the number of words using command
line arguments.

Algorithm
1. Start the program
2. Open the file by entering the name in read mode
3. Using For loop find the split point using a space.
4. Count the number of words in the file at split points.
5. Display the count of words
6. Terminate the loop and the program.

Pseudocode
# Command Line Arguments - find word count in a file
fname = input( filename)
initialize num_words=0
with open(fname , r) as file:
for loop:
words = line.split()
num_words += len(words)
print (num_words)

Expected Output:
Enter file name: data1.txt
Number of words:
2
Enter file name: data2.txt
Number of words:
5
Ex No : 11 FIND FREQUENCY OF WORDS

Aim
To write a python program to find the frequency of words using python file
programming.

Algorithm
1.Algorithm to count the frequency of occurrence
2.import re and string packages
3.open the file in read mode
4.read the text string in the document
5. Match the words with the pattern of test string
6.Using for loop count the frequency of words
7. Increment the frequency count if pattern occurs for second time.
8. Display the frequency count
9.Terminate the loop and the program.

Pseudocode
# Count frequency of word in a file
import re and string
frequency = {}
document_text = open(filename, 'r')
text_string = document_text.read()
match_pattern = re.findall(r'\b[a-z]{3,15}\b', text_string)
for loop match pattern:
count = frequency and get(word,0)
increment the count
frequency_list = frequency.keys()
for loop frequency_list:
print frequency of words

Expected Output:
before 2
battle 1
field 1
all 2
any 1
altogether 1
ago 1
advanced 1
add 1
above 1
 PYGAME INSTALLATION
To Install Pygame Module

Steps:

1. Install python 3.6.2 into C:\

2. Go to this link to install pygame www.pygame.org/download.shtml

3. Click and download msi file for Python 2.7

4. Double Click to install
5. Open IDLE and Type >>> import pygame

Open Command Prompt ( To install in Linux Environment )

1. Type the following command
C:\>py -m pip install pygame --user

Collecting pygame

Downloading pygame-1.9.3-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl (4.0MB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 4.0MB

171kB/s

Installing collected packages: pygame

Successfully installed pygame-1.9.3

2. Now, pygame installed successfully
3. To see if it works, run one of the included examples in pygame-1.9.3
• Open command prompt
• Type the following
C:\>cd Python36-32\Scripts\pygame-1.9.3

C:\Python36-32\Scripts\pygame-1.9.3>cd examples

C:\Python36-32\Scripts\pygame-1.9.3\examples>aliens.py

C:\Python36-32\Scripts\pygame-1.9.3\examples>
 Do Yourself

1. Write Pygame code to develop the following

2. Sort & Print 10 students Names in Alphabetical order

3. Write Pygame code to develop the following

Ex No : 12 SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS

Aim
To write a python program to simulate the Elliptical orbits using Pygame in python
programming.

Algorithm

1. Import the pygame module

2. Call pygame init function
3. Set the screen display mode
4.Using While loop set the pygame event
5. If Event = QUIT then quit the pygame.
6. Using the draw function draw the circle and elliptical orbits
7. Update the screen
8. Terminate the pygame

Pseudocode
import pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode( )
done = False
while not done:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
done = True
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (color coordinates), [screen coordinates], size, radius)
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (color coordinates), [Screen Coordinates], orbits)
pygame.display.flip()

Expected Output:
Ex No : 13 SIMULATE BOUNCING BALL

Aim
To write a python program to simulate the bouncing Ball using Pygame in python
programming.

Algorithm
1. Import system,pygame
2. Initialize the pygame
3. Set the initial value of the variables.
4. Set the screen Display mode.
5. Load the ball image to the python program.
6. Set the gravity and horizontal acceleration
7. Set the vertical and Horizontal Speed.
8. Initialize the clock timer.
9. Using While loop Make the clock to tick.
10.Using While loop set the events.
11.If event type = QUIT then Quit Pygame.
12.Else set the keyboard controls UP , DOWN , LEFT , RIGHT for ball movement
13.Set the screen blit coordinates.
14.Update or refresh the screen.
15. Terminate the pygame.

Pseudocode
import sys,pygame
pygame.init()
… variables…
set the screen display mode with size
load the ball into the program
set the gravity acceleration
set the horizontal acceleration to zero
initialize the vertical speed to zero
initialize the horizontal speed to zero
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
While Loop:
Clock is ticking
Set the keyboard controls UP , DOWN , LEFT , RIGHT
screen.blit(ball, (x, y))
pygame.display.update()
Expected Output:
 Viva Question

1. What is Interpreted Language?

2. What is Interactive & Script mode?
3. What is a python module?
4. What is a Linear Search?
5. What is Binary Search?
6. What is sorting?
7. What is file?
8. How will you open a file?
9. List out Condition statements
10. List out Control statements
11. What is slicing?
12. What is exception handling?
13. What is the use of Pygame module”
14. What is variable?
15. How will you get input from keyboard?
16. How will you display on screen?
17. What is list?
18. What is None type?
19. How will you add values into the list at runtime?
20. What is a prime number?
21. What is Function?
22. What is recursion?
23. How will you invoke a function?
24. What is nested functions?
25. What is the use of in range {} ?
Ex No : 1

# Python program to find the G.C.D of two input number

# define a function
def computeGCD(x, y):
# choose the smaller number
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i
return gcd
#num1 = 54
#num2 = 24
# take input from the user
num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
print("The G.C.D. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

Ex No : 2
#Python Program to calculate the square root
# Note: change this value for a different result
num = 8
# uncomment to take the input from the user
#num = float(input('Enter a number: '))
num_sqrt = num ** 0.5
print('The square root of %0.3f is %0.3f'%(num ,num_sqrt))

Ex No : 3
# Compute exponentiation i.e. power of a number

def power(base,exp):

if(exp==1):

return(base)

if(exp!=1):

return(base*power(base,exp-1))

base=int(input("Enter base: "))

exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

print("Result:",power(base,exp))

Ex No : 4a

# Maximum of a list of numbers

a=[]

n=int(input("Enter number of elements:"))

for i in range(1,n+1):

b=int(input("Enter element:"))

a.append(b)
a.sort()

print("Largest element is:",a[n-1])

Ex No : 4b

# Program to remove all duplicates in the list

def remove_duplicates(values):

output = []

seen = set()

for value in values:

# If value has not been encountered yet,

# ... add it to both list and set.

if value not in seen:

output.append(value)

seen.add(value)

return output

# Remove duplicates from this list.

values = [5, 5, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]

result = remove_duplicates(values)

print(result)

Ex No : 5A

#Linear search
list_of_elements = [4, 2, 8, 9, 3, 7]

x = int(input("Enter number to search: "))

found = False

for i in range(len(list_of_elements)):

if(list_of_elements[i] == x):

found = True

print("%d found at %dth position"%(x,i))

break

if(found == False):

print("%d is not in list"%x)

Ex No : 5B

# binary search

# stepwise explanatino

#http://interactivepython.org/runestone/static/pythonds/SortSearch/TheBinarySearc
h.html

def binarySearch(alist, item):

first = 0

last = len(alist)-1

found = False

while first<=last and not found:

 midpoint = (first + last)//2

if alist[midpoint] == item:

found = True

print("Element Found",item)

else:

if item < alist[midpoint]:

last = midpoint-1

else:

first = midpoint+1

return found

testlist = [0, 1, 2, 8, 13, 17, 19, 32, 42,]

print(binarySearch(testlist, 3))

print(binarySearch(testlist, 13))

Ex No : 6A

#Selection sort

# Stepwise explanation

#http://interactivepython.org/runestone/static/pythonds/SortSearch/TheSelectionSo
rt.html

def selectionSort(alist):

for fillslot in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):

 positionOfMax=0

for location in range(1,fillslot+1):

if alist[location]>alist[positionOfMax]:

positionOfMax = location

temp = alist[fillslot]

alist[fillslot] = alist[positionOfMax]

alist[positionOfMax] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

selectionSort(alist)

print(alist)

Ex No : 6B

# Insertion Sort

# Step wise Explanation

#http://interactivepython.org/courselib/static/pythonds/SortSearch/TheInsertionSor
t.html

def insertionSort(alist):

for index in range(1,len(alist)):

currentvalue = alist[index]

position = index

while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:

alist[position]=alist[position-1]
 position = position-1

alist[position]=currentvalue

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

insertionSort(alist)

print(alist)

Ex No: 7a

# program for merge sort

# step wise explanation

#http://interactivepython.org/courselib/static/pythonds/SortSearch/TheMergeSort.h
tml

def mergeSort(alist):

print("Splitting ",alist)

if len(alist)>1:

mid = len(alist)//2

lefthalf = alist[:mid]

righthalf = alist[mid:]

mergeSort(lefthalf)

mergeSort(righthalf)

i=0

j=0

k=0

while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):

 if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:

alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

i=i+1

else:

alist[k]=righthalf[j]

j=j+1

k=k+1

while i < len(lefthalf):

alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

i=i+1

k=k+1

while j < len(righthalf):

alist[k]=righthalf[j]

j=j+1

k=k+1

print("Merging ",alist)

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

mergeSort(alist)

print(alist)

Ex No : 8

# Python program to display all the prime numbers within an interval

# change the values of lower and upper for a different result

lower = 900

upper = 1000

# uncomment the following lines to take input from the user

#lower = int(input("Enter lower range: "))

#upper = int(input("Enter upper range: "))

print("Prime numbers between",lower,"and",upper,"are:")

for num in range(lower,upper + 1):

# prime numbers are greater than 1

if num > 1:

for i in range(2,num):

if (num % i) == 0:

break

else:

print(num)

Ex No:9

#Matrix Multiplication

# Program to multiply two matrices using nested loops

# 3x3 matrix

X = [[12,7,3],

[4 ,5,6],

[7 ,8,9]]

# 3x4 matrix
Y = [[5,8,1,2],

[6,7,3,0],

[4,5,9,1]]

# result is 3x4

result = [[0,0,0,0],

[0,0,0,0],

[0,0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows of X

for i in range(len(X)):

# iterate through columns of Y

for j in range(len(Y[0])):

# iterate through rows of Y

for k in range(len(Y)):

result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

for r in result:

print(r)

Ex No : 10

# Command Line Arguments - to find the word count in a file

# data1.txt

# data2.txt
fname = input("Enter file name: ")

num_words = 0

with open(fname, 'r') as f:

for line in f:

words = line.split()

num_words += len(words)

print("Number of words:")

print(num_words)

Ex No:11

# Count frequency of word in a file

# test.txt

import re

import string

frequency = {}

document_text = open('test.txt', 'r')

text_string = document_text.read().lower()

match_pattern = re.findall(r'\b[a-z]{3,15}\b', text_string)

for word in match_pattern:

count = frequency.get(word,0)

frequency[word] = count + 1

frequency_list = frequency.keys()
for words in frequency_list:

print (words, frequency[words])

Ex No:12

# Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame using python programming .

import pygame

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))

done = False

while not done:

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

done = True

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [150, 95], 5, 3)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [135, 95], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [120, 95], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [105, 100], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [90, 110], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [85, 130], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [85, 150], 5, 3)

 pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [90, 170], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [110, 185], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [140, 195], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [170, 195], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [200, 190], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [230, 180], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [250, 160], 5, 3)

pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (255,0,0), [100, 100, 100, 70], 10)

pygame.display.flip()

Ex No:13

#Simulate bouncing ball using Pygame using python programming.

import pygame

from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))

done = False

while not done:

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

done = True
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [100, 80], 10, 0)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0,0,0), [100, 80], 10, 0)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [150, 95], 10, 0)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0,0,0), [150, 95], 10, 0)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [200, 130], 10, 0)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0,0,0), [200, 130], 10, 0)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), [250, 150], 10, 0)

pygame.display.update()

pygame.display.update()

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == QUIT:

pygame.quit()

sys.exit()