11-03-2018

Python Lists

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 1

Introduction
 Most versatile datatype
 Written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square
brackets.
 Items in a list need not be of the same type.

list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 20.75]

list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
list3 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
List4=[] # Empty list
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Accessing values in List

 Access individual item using indexing
• Index - integer, starts from 0.
• Accessing element out of index range - raise an IndexError.
• Negative indexing also allowed for list (-1 indicates last item)
Example: aa=[56,67,78,89]
>>> aa[3]
89
>>> aa[-3]
67

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 Access range of elements using slicing (:)

Example aa=[56,67,78,89,96]
>>> aa[2:]
[78, 89, 96]
>>> aa[1:4]
[67, 78, 89]
>>> aa[-5:-1]
[56, 67, 78, 89]
>>> aa[::-1]
[96, 89, 78, 67, 56]

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Updating elements to a list

 Elements of a list be changed - mutable

 Use assignment operator = to change an item or range of items

Example aa= [56, 67, 78, 89, 96]

>>> aa[1]='apple'
>>> aa
[56, 'apple', 78, 89, 96]
>>> aa[2:4]=['orange','banana']
>>> aa
[56, 'apple', 'orange', 'banana', 96]

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 5

Deleting elements from a list

 can delete one or more items from a list or entire list using the keyword del
Example list1 =[11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88]
>>> del list1[4]
>>> list1
[11, 22, 33, 44, 66, 77, 88]
>>> del list1[2:4]
>>> list1
[11, 22, 66, 77, 88]
>>> del list1
>>> list1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'list1' is not defined

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Basic List Operations

list1=[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]

Operator Description Example

+ Concatenation - Adds values on either side of >>> [1,2,3]+[4,5,6]
the operator [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
* Repetition – concatenates multiple copies of >>> [1,2,3]*2
the given list [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
[] Index - Gives the elements from the given list1[1] will give 22
index
[:] Range Slice – Returns list elements from the list1[1:4] will give [22,33,44]
given range
in Membership - Returns true if given item exists 44 in list1 returns True
in the list
not in Membership - Returns true if given item does 8 not in list1 returns True
not exist in the list

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 7

Traversing List Elements using a for Loop

• The elements in a Python list are iterable

• To traverse the list sequentially without using an index variable
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for x in fruits:
print (x)

• To traverse the list sequentially by using an index variable

- Used to traverse the list in a different order or change the elements in the list

for x in range(len(fruits)): for x in range(0,len(fruits),2):

print (fruits[x]) #prints banana,apple,mango print (fruits[x]) #prints banana,mango

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Comparing Lists

 Lists are compared using the comparison operators (>, >=, <=, ==, and !=).
 The two lists must contain the same type of elements for comparison.
 The comparison uses lexicographical ordering:
• The first two elements are compared, and if they differ this determines the
outcome of the comparison;
• if they are equal, the next two elements are compared, and so on.
>>> list1 = ["green", "red", "blue"]
>>> list1>list2
>>> list2 = ["red", "blue", "green"]
False
>>> list1==list2
>>> list2<=list1
False
False
>>> list1!=list2
>>> list2<>list1
True
True

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 9

List Comprehension
 provides a concise way to create a sequential list.
 consists of brackets containing
• an expression
• followed by a for clause,
• then zero or more for or if clauses.
 produces a list with the results from evaluating the expression.
>>> list1 = [x for x in range(5)]
>>> list1
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> list2 = [x*.5 for x in range(5)]
>>> list2
[0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
>>> list3 = [x*2 for x in list2 if x>1]
>>> list3
[3.0, 4.0]
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Built-in List Methods

1. append(element) list1=[11,22,33]
Adds single element to the end of the list >>> list1.append(44)
>>> list1
[11, 22, 33, 44]

2. insert(index, element) >>> list1

Insert an item at the defined index [11, 22, 55, 66]
index - position where element needs to be >>> list1.insert(2,33)
inserted >>> list1
element - the element to be inserted in the [11, 22, 33, 55, 66]
list

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3. extend(list) >>> list1= [11, 22, 33, 44]

• Adds several elements to the list >>> list1.extend([55,66,77])
• Add all elements from one list to the >>> list1
another list [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77]
>>> list2=[88,99]
>>> list1.extend(list2)
>>> list1
[11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99]
4. remove(element) list1=[11,22,33,44,55,66,77]
Removes an element from the list >>> list1.remove(44)
>>> list1
[11, 22, 33, 55, 66, 77]

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5. pop([index]) >>> list1= [11, 22, 33, 44]

• Removes and returns an element at >>> list1.pop(2)
the given index 33
• If index is not provided, removes and >>> list1
returns the last item [11, 22, 44]
>>> list1.pop()
44
>>> list1
[11, 22]
6. index(element) >>> list1
Returns the index of the first matched [11, 22, 33, 55, 66]
item >>> list1.index(55)
3

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7. count(element) >>> list1.count(55)

Returns the count of given element 1
8. sort() >>> list=[67,'orange',45,'apple']
Sort items in a list in ascending order. >>> list.sort()
>>> list
[45, 67, 'apple', 'orange']
9. reverse() >>> list1
Reverse the order of items in the list [11, 22, 33, 55, 66]
>>> list1.reverse()
>>> list1
[66, 55, 33, 22, 11]

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Built-in List Functions

1. len(list) >>> list1
Return the length (the number of items) in [66, 55, 33, 22, 11]
the list. >>> len(list1)
5
2. max(list) >>> list
Returns the largest item in the list. [45, 67, 'apple', 'orange']
>>> max(list)
'orange'
3. min(list) >>> min(list)
Returns the smallest item in the list 45
4. sum(list) >>> list1
Returns the sum of all elements in the list. [66, 55, 33, 22, 11]
>>> sum(list1)
187
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5. list(iterable) >>> tup

Converts an iterable (tuple, string, set, (1, 2, 3, 4)
dictionary) to a list. >>> list(tup)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> dict={'aa':101,'bb':102}
>>> list(dict)
['aa', 'bb']

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Inputting Lists
• To read data from the console into a list
list = [] # Create a list s=input("Enter items in single line with space ")
n=eval(input("Enter size of list: ")) items=s.split()
print("Enter the elements ") list=[eval(i) for i in items]
for i in range(n): print(list)
list.append(eval(input()))
print(list)
O/P:
Enter size of list: 4
Enter the elements O/P:
1 Enter items in a single line with space 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
2 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6]
3
4
[1, 2, 3, 4]
PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 17

Matrix – Two Dimensional List

 a matrix is implemented as nested list (list inside a list).

 each element in the list - row of the matrix.
Example X = [[1, 2], [4, 5], [3, 6]] #represent a 3x2 matrix.
>>> X[0] #First row can be selected as X[0]
[1, 2]
>>> X[1][0] #Element in second row, first column is selected
4

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 18

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# Program to add two matrices using nested loop

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]] Output:
Y = [[5,8,1], [6,7,3], [4,5,9]] [17, 15, 4]
[10, 12, 9]
result = [[0,0,0], [0,0,0],[0,0,0]] [11, 13, 18]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(X[0])):
result[i][j] = X[i][j] + Y[i][j]
for r in result:
print (r)

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 19

Initializing Matrix with Console Input Values

O/P:
matrix = [] # Create an empty list
Enter the number of rows: 2
nRows = eval(input("Enter the number of rows: "))
nColumns = eval(input("Enter the number of columns: ")) Enter the number of columns: 3
for row in range(nRows): Enter an element and press Enter: 1
matrix.append([]) # Add an empty new row Enter an element and press Enter: 2
for column in range(nColumns): Enter an element and press Enter: 3
value = eval(input("Enter an element and press Enter: ")) Enter an element and press Enter: 4
matrix[row].append(value) Enter an element and press Enter: 5
print(matrix)
Enter an element and press Enter: 6
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

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Initializing Matrix with Random Values

import random as rd
matrix = [] # Create an empty list
nRows = eval(input("Enter the number of rows: ")) O/P:
nColumns = eval(input("Enter the number of columns: "))
for row in range(nRows): Enter the number of rows: 3
matrix.append([]) # Add an empty new row Enter the number of columns: 4
for column in range(nColumns): [39, 55, 84, 80]
matrix[row].append(rd.randint(0,99)) [91, 87, 23, 89]
for r in matrix:
print(r) [80, 83, 94, 25]

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 21

# Program to multiply two matrices using nested loop

X = [[12,7,3], [4 ,5,6], [7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1],
[6,7,3],
[4,5,9]]
result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0], O/P:
[0,0,0]] [114, 160, 60]
[74, 97, 73]
# iterate through rows of X [119, 157, 112]
for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns of Y
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
# iterate through rows of Y
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print (r)

PYTHON EE - BY DR.M.JUDITH LEO, HITS 22

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