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Ch02-Elements Compound and Reactions
Ch02-Elements Compound and Reactions
Mass Mg
= fixed ratio for a compound
Mass O
16.89 g Mg 2.00 g Mg
=
11.11 g O xgO
16.89g x g = 11.11 g 2.00 g
x = 1.32 g O
1
2A
arranged
Periodic in numbered rows –
Table 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
2
H “periods” He
11
Na
12
Mg
“families”
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 8B 8B 1B 2B
13
Al
14
Si
15
P
16
S
17
Cl
18
Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
• Nonmetals
▪ Lack the properties of metals
▪ Tend to pulverize when struck with a hammer
▪ Non-conductors of electricity and heat
▪ Many are gases, a few solids, and one liquid (Br)
▪ React with metals to form (ionic) compounds
• Metalloids
▪ Have properties between metals and nonmetals
• Na2CO3 • 2
___Na, 1 C, ___
___ 3 O
• (NH4)2SO4 • 2
___N, 8
___H, 1
___S, 4
____O
• Mg3(PO4)2 • 3
___Mg, 2 ____O
___P, 8
• CuSO4•5H2O • 1
___Cu, 1 ___O,
___S, 9 10
___H
• Alkanes are
C Prefix Suffix Name
hydrocarbons (contain 1 Meth- Methane
only C and H) 2 Eth- Ethane
• Always have a ratio of 3 Prop- Propane
4 But- +ane
atoms CnH2n+2 5 Pent-
• Named using a prefix 6 Hex-
designating the 7 Hept-
8 Oct-
number of C 9 Non-
• All have –ane suffix. 10 Dec-
• butane
• octane
+
+
- -
• Cations:
▪ If the metal forms only one positive ion, the cation
name is the English name for the metal
▪ If the metal forms more than one positive ion, the
cation name is the English name followed, without a
space, by the numerical value of the charge written as
a Roman numeral in parentheses
• Anions:
▪ monatomic anions are named by adding the “–ide”
suffix to the stem name for the element
▪ polyatomic ions use the names in Table 2.5
• Format:
number prefix + 1st element name number prefix + stem_ide for 2nd element.
• Greek prefixes
mono- = 1 (omitted on 1st atom) hexa- =6
di- =2 hepta- =7
tri- =3 octa- = 8
tetra- = 4 nona- = 9
penta- = 5 deca- = 10
• calcium hydroxide
▪ Ca(OH)2
• mercury(I) nitride
▪ (Hg2)3N2
• ammonium phosphate
▪ (NH4)3PO4
75
Summary of Properties
Hardness and brittleness
▪ Molecular compounds tend to be soft and easily
crushed because the attractions between molecules
are weak and molecules can slide past each other
▪ Ionic compounds are hard and brittle because of the
strong attractions and repulsions between ions
76
Melting Points
To melt the a solid, there must be sufficient kinetic
energy to overcome the attractions between particles
▪ Molecular compounds have weak attractions
between particles and so tend to have low melting
points
▪ Many molecular compounds are gases at room
temperature
▪ Ionic compounds tend to have strong attractions
so they have high melting points
▪ Nearly all ionic compounds are solids at room
temperature
77
Electrical Conductivity
• Requires the movement of electrical
charge
• Ionic compounds:
▪ Do not conduct electricity in the solid
state
▪ Do conduct electricity in the liquid and
aqueous states-the ions are free to move
• Molecular compounds:
▪ Do not conduct electricity in any state
▪ Molecules are comprised of uncharged
particles
78
Your Turn!
Which of the following is likely true of NO2?
A. it conducts electricity well
B. It has a low melting point
C. It is likely a solid in its pure form
D. None of these