POST TEST: MODULE 1 (LEARNING UNIT 1)

Study Guide 1 Page 16

QUESTION 1
1(a) Separable

1  x  ydx  1  y  xdy  0
2 2

(Divide each term by xy.)

1  x  dx  1  y  dy  0
2 2

x y
(Variables are separated and we proceed to integrate.)
 1  x   1  y 
2 2

 dx   dy  0
 x  y
 1 dx   x dx   1 dy   y dy  0
   
x  y 
x2 y2
n x   n y  c  Can combine terms to simplify the answer.
2 2
x2  y2
n xy  c
2
(8)
(b) Separable
sin x cos y dx  sin y cos x dy  Divide by cos x cos y 
sin x sin y
dx  dy
cos x cos y
tan x dx  tan y dy  Use trigonometric identities 
 tanx dx   tan y dy
n sec x  n sec y  c
n sec x  n sec y  c
sec x
n c  Use the logarithm rules to simplify the answer 
sec y

QUESTION 2

 2 xy  y 2
 2 x  dx   x 2  2 xy  2 y  dy  0
Mdx  Ndy  0
M N
Check:  2 x  2 y and  2x  2 y
y x
f
Now  2 xy  y 2  2 x so that f ( x, y )    2 xy  y 2  2 x  dx
x
thus by direct integration f ( x, y )  x 2 y  y 2 x  x 2  f ( y )

MAT3700 1

Open Rubric
 Solutions Module 1: Learning Unit 1

f
and  x 2  2 xy  2 y so that f ( x, y )    x 2  2 xy  2 y  dx
y
and by direct integration f  x, y   x 2 y  xy 2  y 2  f ( x)
Comparing the answers for f  x, y  to find
f ( x)  x 2 and f ( y )  y 2
Solution: x 2  y 2  x 2 y  xy 2  c (5)

QUESTION 3

dy
x  y  x2  Can be written in linear form 
dx
dy y
 x
dx x
dy  1 
  y  x
dx  x 

 Pdx    1
x dx  nx

 e
Pdx 1
 e  n x 
x
  Pdx    Pdx 
ye  e  Q dx
 
  1  
 x      x  dx 
  x  
x   1 dx 
 x    x  dx 
0

 x( x  c)
 x 2  cx
QUESTION 4
Method 1: Bernoulli
dy
x 2  y 2  2 xy
dx
dy x  y2
2

dx 2 xy
x y
 
2 y 2x
dy 1 x
 y
dx 2 x 2y
dy 1 2 x
y  y 
dx 2 x 2

MAT3700 2
 Solutions Module 1: Learning Unit 1

dv dy
Let v = y2; then  2y
dx dx
1 dv v x
 
2 dx 2 x 2
dv v
 x
dx x
1
 Pdx   xdx  n x

e
Pdx 1
 e  n x 
x
 1 
v  x    xdx  c 
 x 
x   dx  c 
 x( x  c)
y 2  x 2  xc (14)

Method 2: Homogeneous
dy
x 2  y 2  2 xy
dx
dy x  y 2
2

dx 2 xy
dy dv
Put y  vx, then vx
dx dx
dv x 2  v 2 x 2
vx 
dx 2 x(vx)
dv x 1  v 
2 2

x  v
dx 2 x2v


1  v 2   2v 2
2v
1 v 2

2v

MAT3700 3
 Solutions Module 1: Learning Unit 1

2v 1
dv  dx
1 v 2
x

 dv  
2v 1
  dx
 1 v 2
x
n 1  v 2  nC  nx

 
2
nC  nx  n 1  y
x

 y2 
 n x  1  2 
 x 
y2
C  x
x
y  x  Cx
2 2

QUESTION 5
Bernoulli
dy
 y  ex y4
dx
dy
y 4  y 3  e x
dx
Let z  y 3
dz dy
then  3 y 4
dx dx
1 dz
thus   z  ex
3 dx
dz
 3z  3e x
dx
 Pdx   3 dx  3x
and e 
Pdx
 e 3 x
 z  3e3 x  e 3 x
 3e x dx  c 
 3e3 x  e 2 x
dx  c 
 1 
 3e3 x   e 2 x  c 
 2 
3
y 3  e x  ce3 x
2
(11)

MAT3700 4
 Solutions Module 1: Learning Unit 1

QUESTION 6

dy
2 x  y  x( x  1) y 3
dx
dy 1
2  y   ( x  1) y 3
dx x
dy 1
2 y 3  y 2   x  1
dx x

Let z  y 2
dz dy
Then  2 y 3
dx dx
dz 1
  z   x 1
dx x
1
 dx
Now e   e x
Pdx

 en x
x

z
1
x
  x  x  1 dx  c 
1  x3 x 2 
    c
x 3 2 
x2 x c
2
y   
3 2 x
6x
y2  3 (10)
2 x  3 x 2  6c

QUESTION 7
dy 1 4
 2 y   3x 2 y 3
dx x
 4 dy 1 1
y 3
 2 y 3   3x 2
dx x
 13
Let z  y
dz 1  4 dy
Then  y 3
dx 3 dx

MAT3700 5
 Solutions Module 1: Learning Unit 1

dz 2
  z    x2
dx 3x
e  e
Pdx  23  1x dx

 23 n x
e
 23
x
2


 z  x 3   x 3 . x 2 dx  c
2

2
 3 7 
 x3   x3  c
 7 
1 3 2
y 3   x3  cx 3 (9)
7
QUESTION 8
dy
 y cos x  y n sin 2 x
dx
dy
y n  y1n . cos x  2sin x cos x
dx
dy
1  n  y  n  1  n  y1n . cos x  2(1  n)sin x cos x
dx
Let z  y1n
dz dy
Then  1  n  y  n
dx dx
dz
  z (1  n)cos x  2(1  n) sin x cos x
dx
e  e
Pdx (1 n )cos x dx

 e 
1n sin x

z.e   2  e  .1  n  sin x cos xdx  c

1 n sin x 1 n sin x

Put u  sin x then du  cos x and dv  e

1 n  sin x
.1  n  cos xdx
v   e  .1  n  cos xdx  e 
1 n sin x 1 n sin x

 2sin x.e
1 n  sin x
 2  e  .cos xdx  c
1 n sin x

2
 2sin x.e   e 
1 n sin x 1 n sin x
 c
(1  n)
2
z  2sin x   c.e n1 sin x
(1  n)

MAT3700 6
 SOLUTIONS SELF TEST: MODULE 1(LEARNING UNIT 2)
QUESTION 1
dv
m  m g  Kv 2
dt
Let K  m k 2
dv
Then m  m (10)  m k 2v 2
dt
dv
  10  k 2v 2
dt
dv
 dt
k 2v 2  10
 dv
 2 2    dt
 k v  10
kv  10
n  2 10.t  nc
kv  10

kv  10
  ce 2 10.t

kv  10

At t  0, v  0 : c  1
If t  , v  50 : e 2 10.t
0
10
k 
50
10
v  10
 50  1e 2 10.t
10
v  10
50
v
1
50  e 6.32t
v
1
50

MAT3700 7
 Solutions Module 1: Learning Unit 2

v
1
1(a) 50  0.0000032
v
1
50
v  50 m/s

30
1
(b) 50  e 6.32t (14)
30
1
50
t  0.225 s

QUESTION 2
A1 B1
2(a) c1  and c2  (2)
500  4t 500  4t

dA1 8B 1 4A1
(b)   (2)
dt 500  4t 500  4t

dB1 4 A1 8B 1
 
dt 500  4t 500  4t

(c) A1 + B1 = 250 (1)

MAT3700 8
 Solutions Module 1: Learning Unit 2

(d)
dA1 500  2 A1 A1
 
dt 125  t 125  t
dA1  1 2  500
 A1    
dt 125  t 125  t  125  t
 1  2
Now :  dt   dt  n(125  t )  2 n 125  t 
 125  t  125  t
125  t
 n
(125  t ) 2
  Pdt
125  t
 e 
Pdt

(125  t ) 2


125  t   
2

125  t

500 
dt 
A1 
125  t  
 125  t 
2
125  t 

500 125  t    125  t 

2
  dt 
125  t  125  t  3 
 
500(125  t )2   1  250 
  dt   dt 
125  t   (125  t )
2
 (125  t )
3

500(125  t ) 2  1 250 
   (125  t )  (125  t ) 2 
125  t  2 
500(125  t ) 62 500
 
125  t 125  t
500t

125  t
(8)

A1 37.037
(e) c1    0.0686 (1)
500  4t 540

MAT3700 9
 MODULE 2
LEARNING UNIT 1

QUESTION 1

d2y dy
2
 10  24 y  0
dx dx
m  10m  24  0
2

(m  12)(m  2)  0
m  12 m  2
 y  c1e 2 x c2e 12 x
(5)

QUESTION 2

d2y dy
 6  6y  0
dx 2 dx
m 2  6m  6  0
6  36  24
m
2
2 3
 3 
2
 3  3

 y  c1e
 3 3  x  c e 3 3  x
2

(6)

QUESTION 3

d2y dy
2
2  y0
dx dx
m  2m  1  0
2

(m  1) 2  0
m  1
 y  c1e x  c2 xe x

MAT3700 10
 (5)
QUESTION 4

d2y dy
4 2  12  9 y  0
dx dx
4m  12m  9  0
2

(2m  3) 2  0
3
m
2
3x 3x
 y  c1e 2  c2 xe 2
(5)

QUESTION 5.

d2y dy
2
 2  10 y  0
dx dx
m  2m  10  0
2

2  4  40
m
2
 1  3i
 y  e x (c1 cos x  c2 sin 3 x)
(5)

QUESTION 6

d2y dy
2
 4  11 y  0
dx dx
m  4m  11  0
2

4  16  44
m
2
28
2
2
 2  7i
 y  e 2 x (c1 cos 7 x  c2 sin 7 x)
(5)

MAT3700 11
 Blank Page.
No text

MAT3700 12
 QUESTION 7

d2y
 4y  0
dx 2
m2  4  0
m   4
 2i
 y   c1 cos x  c2 sin 2 x 
(5)

QUESTION 8

d2y
 16 y  0
dx 2
m 2  16  0
m  4
 y  c1e 4 x  c2e 4 x
(4)
[40]

MAT3700 13
 LEARNING UNIT 2
QUESTION 1

The auxiliary equations gives: 3m 2  2m  1  0

(3m  1_(m  1)  0
1
m   m 1
3
 3x
The complementary function is y  c1e x  c2e

To find the particular integral let y  Ax  B

dy
Then A
dx

d2y
and 0
dx 2
Substitute these values in the given equation:
2 A  Ax  B  2 x  3
 Ax  (2 A  B)  2 x  3
Equate coefficients of like terms:
x terms: -A = 2
A = -2
Constant terms: 2A + B = 3
-4 + B = 3
B=7
The particular integral is y  2 x  7
 3x
and the general solution is y  c1e x  c2e  2x  7

(14)
QUESTION 2

The auxiliary equations gives m 2  2m  1  0

( m  1)( m  1)  0
m  1 m  1

The complementary function is y  c1e  x  c2 xe  x

To find the particular integral let y  Ae2x

MAT3700 14
 dy
Then  2 Ae 2 x
dx

d2y
and 2
 4 Ae2 x
dx
Substitute these values in the given equation:

4 Ae2 x  4 Ae2 x  Ae 2 x  e2 x

A 1

The particular integral is y  e2x

and the general solution is y  c1e  x  c2 xe  x  e 2 x

(10)
QUESTION 3

The auxiliary equations gives m 2  4m  4  0

(m  2)(m  2)  0
m  2 m  2

The complementary function is y  c1e 2 x  c2 xe2 x

To find the particular integral let y  Ax  B  Cx 2e2x

dy
Then  A  C (2 xe 2 x  2 x 2e 2 x )
dx

and
d2y
dx 2 
 2C e2 x  2 xe2 x  2 xe2 x  2 x 2e2 x 
Substitute these values in the given equation:

 4C  8C  4C  x 2e2 x   8C  8C  xe2 x  2Ce2 x  4 Ax  (4 A  4 B)  x  2e2 x

Equate coefficients of like terms:
e-2x terms: 2C = -2
C = -1
x terms: 4A = 1
1
A=
4
Constants: 4A + 4B = 0
1
B=-
4

MAT3700 15
 1 1
The particular integral is y  x   x 2 e 2 x
4 4
1 1
and the general solution is y  c1e2 x  c2 xe 2 x  x   x 2 e 2 x
4 4
(13)
QUESTION 4

The auxiliary equations gives m 2  4  0

m  2i
The complementary function is y  c1 cos 2 x  c2 sin 2 x

To find the particular integral let y  Ax 2  Bx  C

dy
Then  2 Ax  B
dx

d2y
and  2A
dx 2
d2 y
Substitute these values in the given equation: 2
 4 y  2  4 x2
dx
d2 y
 4 y  2  4x2
dx 2
2 A  4  Ax 2  Bx  C   4 x 2  2
4 Ax 2  4 Bx  (2 A  4C )  4 x 2  2

Equate coefficients of like terms:

x2 terms: 4A = -4
A = -1
x terms: B=0
Constants: 2A + 4C = 2
-2 + 4C = 2
4C = 4
C=1
The particular integral is y = -x2 + 1
and the general solution is y  c1 cos 2x  c 2 sin 2x  x 2  1
(13)

MAT3700 16
 QUESTION 5

The auxiliary equations gives m2  2m  2  0

2  4  8
m
2
 1  i
The complementary function is y  e  x  c1 cos x  c2 sin x 

To find the particular integral let y  A cos 3 x  B sin 3 x

dy
Then  3 A sin 3 x  3B cos 3 x
dx

d2y
and  9 A cos 3x  9 B sin 3x
dx 2
Substitute these values in the given equation:
 9B  6 A  2B  sin 3x  (9 A  6b  2 A) cos3x  85sin 3x
Equate coefficients of like terms:
cos terms: -9A + 6B + 2A = 0
6B = 7A
6
A= B
7
sin terms: -9B - 6A + 2B = 85
36
-7B- B = 85
7
85
 B  85
7
B = -7
A = -6
The particular integral is y  6 cos 3 x  7 sin 3 x

and the general solution is y  e  x (c1 cos x  c2 sin x)  6 cos 3 x  7 sin 3 x

Substitute for x = 0 and y = 0 in the general solution:
0 = c1 - 6
c1 = 6
dy
To find , differentiate the general solution:
dx

MAT3700 17
dy
 e  x  c1 cos x  c1 sin x  c2 sin x  c2 cos x   18sin 3 x  21cos 3 x
dx
dy
Substitute x = 0 and = -20:
dx
20  1(c1  c2 )  21
 6  c2  21
c 2 7
The particular solution is thus
y  e  x 6 cos x  7 sin x   6 cos 3x  7 sin 3x
(20)

MAT3700 18
 MODULE 3:
LEARNING UNIT 1

QUESTION 1

The D operator form of the auxiliary equation is  D3  D2  D  1 y  0

 D  1 D  1 D  1 y  0
giving the roots: D  1 and D  1 and D  1

The complementary function is thus y  c1e x  c2 xe x  c3e x

1
The particular integral is y  5e0 x
D  D  D 1
3 2

1
 5
1
5

The general solution is y  c1e x  c2 xe x  c3e x  5

(7)

QUESTION 2

The D operator form of the auxiliary equation is  2 D 2  4 D  3 y  0

4  16  24
giving the roots: D
4
8i 2
 1 
4
i
 1 
2

 x x 
The complementary function is thus y  e  x  c1 cos  c2 sin 
 2 2

MAT3700 18
The particular integral is
1
y sin x
2D  4D  3
2

 1 
  sin x
 2  4 D  3 
1  4D 1 
 .  sin x
4D  1  4D 1 
4D 1
 sin x
16 D 2  1
1
  4 D  1sin x
17
1
   4 cos x  sin x 
17
 x x  1
The general solution is y  e  x  c1 cos  c2 sin    17  4 cos x  sin x 
 2 2
(8)
QUESTION 3

The D operator form of the auxiliary equation is D 2  4 D  3 y  0  

 D  1 D  3 y  0
giving the roots: D=1 D=3

The complementary function is thus y  c1e x  c2 e3 x

1
y x3
D  4D  32

1 4 13 2 40 3 
The particular integral is   D D  D  .....  x3 (10)
3 9 27 81 
1 4 26 80
 x3  x 2  x
3 3 9 27

QUESTION 4


The auxiliary equation gives D 2  4 D  4 y  0 
 D  2 2 y  0
D2 D2

The complementary function is thus

MAT3700 19
 y  c1e 2 x  c 2 xe 2 x

The particular integral is

1
y x2
D  4D  4
2

1 1 3 
   D  D 2  ..... x 2
4 4 16 

x2 x 3
  
4 2 8

The general solution is

x2 x 3
y  c1e 2x
 c 2 xe 2x
   (6)
4 2 8

5. The auxiliary equation gives

D 2

 2D  3 D  3D  1y  0

2  4  12
D D  3 D  1
2

 1 2 i

The complementary function is thus

y  c1e 3x  c 2 e  x  e x (c 3 cos 2x  c 4 sin 2 )

The particular integral is

y
1
D  4D  4D 2  9
4 3
x  x2  

 1 4 
    D 2  .... x  x 2  
 9 8 

x x2 8
  
9 9 81

MAT3700 20
 The general solution is

 
y  c1e 3x  c 2 e  x  e x c 3 cos 2 x  c 4 sin 2 x 
x x2 8
 
9 9 81
(10)

MAT3700 21
6. The auxiliary equation gives

D  23 D  12 D 2  4D  92 y  0

4  16  36
D D  2 D  1
2

 2 5 i

The general solution is

y  c1e 2 x  c 2 xe 2 x  c 3 x 2 e 2 x  c 4 e  x  c 5 xe  x 
   
(9)
e 2 x c 6 cos 5x  c 7 sin 5x  xe 2 x c 8 cos 5x  c 9 sin 5x
[50]

MAT3700 22
 SELF TEST 6

1.
d2y dy
2
2  2 y  sin 2x
dx dx

D 2
 2D  2y  0

2 48
D
2

1 i

y CF  e x A cos x  B sin x 
1
y PI  sin 2 x
D  2D  2
2

1
 sin 2 x
 4  2D  2
1 2D  2
  sin 2 x
 2D  2 2D  2
2D  2
 sin 2 x
 4D 2  4
2D  2
 sin 2 x
20

1
4 cos 2x  2 sin 2x 
20
1 1
 cos 2 x  sin 2 x
5 10
 e x A cos x  B sin x   cos 2 x  sin 2 x
1 1
y GS
5 10
(10)

MAT3700 23
2.
d2y dy
2
2  y  e x
dx dx
D 2  2D  1  0
D  12 0
D  1 D  1
y CF  c1e  x  c 2 xe  x
1
y PI  e x 1
D  1 2

1
 e x 1
D  1  12
1
 e x 1
D2
1
 e x  x
D
2
x x
e
2
 x2 
y GS  e  x  c1  c 2 x  
 2 

(10)

MAT3700 24
3.
D 2  6D  9  0
D  32
0
D3 D 3

y CF  c1e 3x  c 2 xe 3x
1
y PI  e x sin x
D  3 2

1
 ex sin x
D  22
1
 ex 2 sin x
D  4D  4
1
 ex sin x
 1  4D  4
 e x
1

4D  3 sin x
4D  3 4D  3
 e x
4D  3 sin x
16D 2  9
 e x
4D  3 sin x
 16  9
e 4D  3 sin x
1 x

25
e 4 cos x  3 sin x 
1 x

25
e 4 cos x  3 sin x 
1 x
y GS  c1e 3x  c 2 xe 3x 
25
(10)

MAT3700 25
4.
d2y
 y  3 cos x
dx 2
 
D 2  1 y  0  D  i

d2y
 y  3 cos x
dx 2
D 2  1y  0  D  i
y CF  A cos x  B sin x
1
y PI  3 cos x
D 1 2

 2
1 3 ix
e  e ix 
D 1 2
3 1  1
 e ix  1  e ix 1
2  D  i   1 
2
D  i 2  1
3 1 1 
 e ix 2  e ix 2 
2  D  2iD D  2iD 
3 ix 1 1 1 1 
 e e 0 x  e ix e 0x 
2 D D  2i D D  2i 
3 11 1  1 
 e ix    e ix  
2  D  2i  D   2i 
3 x x
 e ix  e ix 
2  2i 2i 
3
 x sin x
2
3
 y GS  A cos x  B sin x  x sin x
2
(10)
[40]

MAT3700 26
 SELF TEST 7

1. Solve for x:
Complementary function:
D2 1  0
D j
 x  c1 cos t  c 2 sin t

Particular integral:
1
x 3e 2 t
D 12

3
 e 2t
5

Complete solution for x:

3
x  c1 cos t  c 2 sin t  e 2 t
5

Solve for y:
Complementary function:
D2 1  0
D  j
 y  c 3 cos t  c 4 sin t

Particular integral:

y
1

e t  2e 2 t 
D 12

1 t 2 2t
 e  e
2 5

Complete solution for y:

1 3
y  c 3 cos t  c 4 sin t  e t  e 2 t (10)
2 5

2.

MAT3700 27
 D  1 D  3 e t
1  D  3
x 
D  2 D  1 e 2t
t  D  1

Solve for x:

 5D  7 x   e  t  e  t  1  2e 2 t  1  3t  3e 2 t 
 2  5e 2 t  3t

Complementary function:
 75 t
x  c1 e

Particular integral:

x
1
5D  7

2  5e 2t  3t 

1
5D  7
2 
1
5D  7
5e 2t 
1
5D  7
3t  
2
1
5D  7
e 0t 
1
5D  7
5e 2t 
1
5D  7
3t  
2 5 1 5 
  e 2t    D  3t
7 17 
7 49 
from long division
2 5 3 5(3)
  e 2t  t 
7 17 7 49
 2 15  5 2t 3
   e  t
 7 49  17 7
1 3 5 2t
  t e
49 7 17

Complete solution for x:

 75 t 1 3 5
x  c1 e   t  e 2t
49 7 17

Solve for y:

MAT3700 28
 D  1 e t

1
 5D  7 y 
D  2 e 2t
t 
 3  t  e t  e 2t

Complementary function:
 75 t
y  c2e

Particular integral:

y
1
5D  7
t  e t  3  32 t 

26 t 1 1
    e t  e 2t
49 7 2 17

Complete solution for y:

 75 t 26 1 1 1
y  c2e   t  e t  e 2t (12)
49 7 2 17

D2 3 t 3
3. x 
3 D2 e 2t D2

Solve for x:
D 2

 4D  4  9 x  D  2t  3e 2 t
D  4D  5x  1  2t  3e
2 2t

Complementary function:
D 2  4D  5  0

D  5D  1  0

D  5 D  1

 x  c1e 5 t  c 2 e t

MAT3700 29
MAT3700 30
 Particular integral:

x
1

1  2 t  3e 2 t 
D  4D  5
2

3 2 t 13 2
 e   t
7 25 5

Complete solution for x:

3 2 t 13 2
x  c1e 5 t  c 2 e t  e   t
7 25 5

Solve for y:
D 2

 4D  4  9 y  D  2e 2 t  3t

D 2

 4D  5 y  4e 2 t  3t

Complementary function:
y  c 3 e 5 t  c 4 e t

Particular integral:

y
1
4e 2 t  3t 
D  4D  5
2

4 3 12
 e 2t  t 
7 5 25

Complete solution for y:

4 3 12
y  c 3 e 5 t  c 4 e t  7e 2 t  t  (11)
5 25

MAT3700 31
4.
xdx dy

y2z xz
x 2 dx  y 2 dy
 x 3  y 3  c1 is one solution

xdx dz
 2
y2z y
xdx  zdz
 x 2  z2  c2 is a second solution
(6)

D 1 D  2 0 1 et   D2 0
5. 0 D  2 D 1  x  2  et   D  2 D 1
D 1 0 D 1 3  et   0 D 1

It follows that

2D  1D  1D  2x  D  1D  2  e t  2 

or

D  1x  1 e t  2
2

Complementary function:
x  c1 e t

MAT3700 32
 Particular integral:

x
1
2D  1

et  2 
1
 te t  1
2

Complete solution for x:

1 t
x  c1e t  te  1
2

Solve for y:

D  1c1e t  1 te t  1  D  2y  1  e t

 2 

or

D  2y  1 e t
2

Complementary function:
y  c 2 e 2 t

Particular integral:
1 1 t 
y e
D  2  2 
1
 et
6

Complete solution for y:

1
y  c 2 e 2 t  e t
6

MAT3700 33
 Solve for z:

D  1 1  1 te t  c1e t   D  1z  3  e t

 2 

or

D  1z  2  1 e t
2

Complementary function:
z = c3 e-t

Particular integral:
1  1 t
z 2  e 
D 1 2 

1 t
 e 2
4

Complete solution for z:

1 t
z  c 3e t  2  e
4
(21)
[60]

MAT3700 34
 LEARNING UNIT 2

QUESTION 1

The D operator form of the auxiliary equation is  D3  D2  D  1 y  0

 D2  D  1   D  1   0
 D  1  D 2  1  0
 D  1 D  1 D  1 y  0
giving the roots: D  1 and D  1 and D  1

The complementary function is thus y  c1e x  c2 xe x  c3e x

1
The particular integral is y  5e0 x
D  D  D 1
3 2

1
 5
1
5

The general solution is y  c1e x  c2 xe x  c3e x  5

(7)

QUESTION 2

The D operator form of the auxiliary equation is  2 D 2  4 D  3 y  0

4  16  24
D
4
4 8
 
4 4
8i 2
 1 
4
8i 2
 1 
16
giving the roots:
i
 1 
2
 x x 
The complementary function is thus y  e  x  c1 cos  c2 sin 
 2 2

MAT3700 35
The particular integral is
1
y  x
2D  4D  3
2

1 4 
   D   x
3 9 
x 4
 
3 9
 x x  x 4
The general solution is y  e  x  c1 cos  c2 sin  
 2 2 3 9
(8)

QUESTION 3

The D operator form of the auxiliary equation is D 2  4 D  3 y  0  

 D  1 D  3 y  0
giving the roots: D = 1 or D = 3

The complementary function is thus y  c1e x  c2 e3 x

1
y x3
D  4D  3 2

1 4 13 2 40 3 
The particular integral is   D D  D  .....  x3 (10)
3 9 27 81 
1 4 26 80
 x3  x 2  x
3 3 9 27

QUESTION 4


The auxiliary equation gives D 2  4 D  4 y  0 
 D  2 2 y  0
D2 D2

The complementary function is thus y  c1e2 x  c2 xe 2 x

1
The particular integral is y  x2
D  4D  42

1 1 3 
   D  D 2  .....  x 2
4 4 16 
x2 x 3
  
4 2 8

MAT3700 36
 The general solution is
x2 x 3
y  c1e2 x  c2 xe 2 x    (6)
4 2 8
QUESTION 5

The auxiliary equation gives  D2  2D  3  D  3 D  1 y  0

2  4  12
D
2
 1  2i or D  3 or D  1

The complementary function is thus y  c1e3 x  c2e x  e x (c3 cos 2 x  c4 sin 2 x)

The particular integral is y 

D  4D  4D
4
1
3 2
9
 x  x2 

 1 4
 9 8

    D 2  ....  x  x 2

 
x x2 8
  
9 9 81
The general solution is


y  c1e3 x  c2 e  x  e x c3 cos 2 x  c4 sin 2x  x x2 8
 
9 9 81
(10)

QUESTION 6

 
2
The auxiliary equation gives  D  2   D  1
3 2
D2  4D  9 y0

4  16  36
D  2 (3 times), D  1 (2 times) or D 
2
 2 5i
The general solution is

  
y  c1e2 x  c2 xe2 x  c3 x 2 e2 x  c4e x  c5 xe x  e2 x c6 cos 5 x  c7 sin 5 x  xe2 x c8 cos 5 x  c9 sin 5 x 
(9)
QUESTION 7

MAT3700 37
d2y dy
2  2 y  sin 2 x
dx 2 dx
 D2  2D  2 y  0
2 48
D
2
1  i

yCF  e x  A cos x  B sin x 

1
yPI  sin 2 x
D  2D  2
2

1
 sin 2 x
4  2 D  2
1 2D  2
  sin 2 x
2 D  2 2 D  2
2D  2
 sin 2 x
4 D 2  4
2D  2
 sin 2 x
20
1
  4 cos 2 x  2sin 2 x 
20
1 1
 cos 2 x  sin 2 x
5 10
1 1
yGS  e x  A cos x  B sin x   cos 2 x  sin 2 x (10)
5 10
QUESTION 8

d2y dy
2  y  e x
dx 2 dx
D2  2D  1  0
 D  12  0
D  1 D  1
yCF  c1e  x  c2 xe x

MAT3700 38
 1
yPI  e  x 1
 D  1 2

1
 e x 1
 D  1  12
1
 e x 1
D2
1
 e x x
D
x2
 e x
2
 x2 
yGS  e  x  c1  c2 x   (10)
 2 


QUESTION 9

D2  6D  9  0
 D  3 2  0
D3 D3

MAT3700 39
 yCF  c1e3 x  c2 xe3 x

yPI 
1
 D  3 2 e x sin x
1
 ex sin x
  D  3  1 2

1
 ex sin x
 D  2 2
1
 ex sin x
D2  4D  4
1
 ex sin x
1  4 D  4
1  4 D  3 sin x
 e x   
 4 D  3  4 D  3
 4 D  3
 e x sin x
16 D 2  9
 4 D  3 sin x
 e x  
16  9
1 x
 e  4 D  3 sin x (10)
25
1 x
 e  4 cos x  3sin x 
25
1
yGS  c1e3 x  c2 xe3 x  e x  4 cos x  3sin x 
25
Question 10

MAT3700 40
 d2y
 y  3cos x
dx 2
 D2  1 y  0  D  i
yCF  A cos x  B sin x
1
yPI  3cos x
D 1
2

 3Re
D
1
2
1
  e 
ix

 1 
 3Re eix  1 
  D  i   1 
2

 1 
 3Re eix 2 .1
 D  2iD 
 1 1 
 3Re eix e0 x 
 D D  2i 
 1  1 
 3Re eix  
 D  2i  
 x
 3Re  eix 
 2i 
 x
 3Re  cos x  i sin x   
 2i 
 x x 
 3Re  cos x  sin x 
 2i 2 
3
 x sin x
2
3
 yGS  A cos x  B sin x  x sin x
2

MAT3700 41
 LEARNING UNIT 3
QUESTION 1
Solve for x:

Complementary function: D 2  1  0
D j
 x  c1 cos t  c2 sin t

1
Particular integral: x  3e 2t
D 1 2

3
 e 2t
5
3
Complete solution for x: x  c1 cos t  c2 sin t  e2t
5

Solve for y:

Complementary function: D 2  1  0
D j
 y  c3 cos t  c4 sin t

Particular integral: y 
D 2
1
1
et  2e 2t 

1 2
 et  e 2t
2 5
1 3
Complete solution for y: y  c3 cos t  c4 sin t  et  e2t (10)
2 5
QUESTION 2

 D  1  D  3  et  1  D  3
x 
 D  2   D  1  e2t  t   D  1

  
Solve for x:  5D  7  x  et  et  1  2e2t  1  3t  3e2t 
 2  5e2t  3t
 75 t
Complementary function: x  c1e

MAT3700 42
Particular integral: x 
1
5D  7

2  5e 2t  3t 

1
5D  7
2 
1
5D  7
5e2t 
1
5D  7
 
3t

2
1
5D  7
e 0t 
1
5D  7
5e 2t 
1
5D  7
 
3t
2 5 1 5 
  e 2t    D  3t
7 17 
7 49 
from long division
2 5 2t 3 5(3)
  e  t
7 17 7 49
 2 15  5 3
     e 2t  t
 7 49  17 7
1 3 5
   t  e 2t
49 7 17
 75 t 1 3 5
Complete solution for x: x  c1e   t  e 2t
49 7 17

Solve for y:

 D  1  et  1
 5 D  7  y 
 D  2  e 2t  t 
 3  t  et  e 2 t
 75 t
Complementary function: y  c2e

Particular integral: y 
1
5D  7

t  e t  3  32t 
26 t 1 1
    e  t  e 2t
49 7 2 17
 75 t 26 1 1 1
Complete solution for y: y  c2e   t  e  t  e 2t (12)
49 7 2 17

QUESTION 3

D  2 3 t 3
x 
3 D  2 e 2t D  2

MAT3700 43
Solve for x:  D2  4D  4  9 x   D  2 t  3e2t
 D2  4D  5 x  1  2t  3e2t
Complementary function: D2  4D  5  0
 D  5 D  1  0
D  5 D  1
 x  c1e5t  c2et

Particular integral: x 
D 2
1
 4D  5
1  2t  3e 2t 

3 2t 13 2
 e   t
7 25 5
3 13 2
Complete solution for x: x  c1e 5t  c2et  e2t   t
7 25 5

 
Solve for y: D 2  4 D  4  9 y   D  2  e2t  3t

 D2  4D  5 y  4e2t  3t
Complementary function: y  c3e5t  c4et

Particular integral: y
D 2
1
 4D  5
 4e 2t  3t 

4 3 12
 e 2t  t 
7 5 25
4 3 12
Complete solution for y: y  c3e 5t  c4et  7e 2t  t  (11)
5 25
QUESTION 4

D 1 D  2 0
1  et  D  2 0

0 D  2 D  1  x   2  et  D  2 D  1
D 1 0 D  1
 3  et  0 D  1

It follows that 2  D  1 D  1 D  2  x   D  1 D  2  et  2 

 
1 t
 D  1 x  e  2
2 

MAT3700 44
Complementary function: x  c1et

1  et  2 
Particular integral: x   
2  D  1
1
 tet  1
2
1
Complete solution for x: x  c1et  tet  1
2

 D  1 c1et 
1 t 
Solve for y: te  1   D  2  y  1  et
 2 
1 t
 D  2 y  e
2

Complementary function: y  c2e2t

1 1 t 
Particular integral: y  e
D  2  2 
1
 et
6
1
Complete solution for y: y  c2e2t  et
6

 D  1 1  
1 t
Solve for z: te  c1et    D  1 z  3  et
 2 
1 t
 D  1 z  2  e
2
Complementary function: z = c3 e-t
1  1 t
Particular integral: z  2  e 
D 1  2 
1
 et  2
4
1
Complete solution for z: z  c3et  2  et (21)
4
[54]

MAT3700 45
 LEARNING UNIT 4

QUESTION 1

d 2Q dQ 1
By Kirchoff's laws 2
4  Q  8cos t
dt dt 0, 2


The complementary function: D 2  4 D  5 Q  0 
4  16  20
D
2
 2  i

 Q  e2t c1 cos t  c 2 sin t 
1
Particular integral: Q  8cos t
D  4D  5
2

1
8 cos t
4D  4
1  D  1
2  cos t
D  1 D 1
 D  1 cos t
2 2
D 1
 1 D  1 cos t
 1  sin t  cos t 
 cos t  sin t

The general solution: Q  e2t  c1 cos t  c2 sin t   cos t  sin t

At t = 0, Q=0
Thus c1  1

I  2c1e2t cos t  c1e2t s in t  2c2e2t sin t  c2e2t cos t  cos t  sin t

At t = 0, I=0
Thus c2  3
and Q  e2t   cos t  7 sin t   cos t  sin t

When t  , then e-2t  0

Thus I = cos t - sin t
(21)

MAT3700 46
 QUESTION 2

d2y
Substitute for m in the equation: 5  180 y
dt 2
d2y
5  180 y  0
dt 2

The general solution: D 2


 36  0
D   6i
 y  c1 cos 6t  c2 sin 6t
At t = 0, y = 0,06
Thus c1  0, 06

dy
 6c1 sin 6t  6c2 cos 6t
dt
dy
At t = 0,  0, 48
dt
Thus c2 =  0,08
The particular solution is y  0, 06 cos 6t  0, 08sin 6t

The amplitude of motion is a  c12  c22

  0, 06 2   0, 082
 0,1

m
and the period is T  2 (14)
k
5
 2
180
1
 2
36


3

MAT3700 47
 QUESTION 3

d2y dy
8 4  y  sin t  2 cos t
dt 2 dt
8D 2  4 D  1  0
4  16  32
D
16
1 i
 
4 4


 4t t t
yCF  e  A cos  B sin 
 4 4
1
yPI   sin t  2 cos t 
8D 2  4 D  1
1 4D  7
   sin t  2 cos t 
4D  7 4D  7
4D  7
  sin t  2 cos t 
16 D 2  49
1
  4 cos t  8sin t  7 sin t  14 cos t 
65
1
 15sin t  10 cos t 
65
1
  3sin t  2 cos t 
13
t  t t 2 3
y general  e 4  A cos  B sin   cos t  sin t
 4 4  13 13
(12)

MAT3700 48
 QUESTION 4

d2y k0
 b  x 
dx 2 EI
dy k0  x2 
  bx    c1 after integration
dx EI  2 
dy
At x  0,  0  c1  0
dx
dy k0  x2 
   bx  
dx EI  2 

k0  bx 2 x3 
y     c2 after integration
EI  2 3 
At x  0, y  0  c 2  0
k0  bx 2 x3 
y   
EI  2 6 
k

 0 3bx 2  x3
6 EI

k0 b 3
At x  b  y 
3EI
(9)
[56]

MAT3700 49