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1. ANS: - what is operating system? Explain different types of operating systems. 3) Outline View:-Using outlines view you can view the document as an outline and show the
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware outlining tools. This is useful if you are moving sections of your document, or creating an
and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the outline.
system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications. 4) Draft View: - Use draft view to view the document as a draft, to enable you to quickly edit the
The operating system (OS) is the best-known example of system software. The OS manages all the text. Certain elements of the document, such as headers and footers, will not be visible in this
other programs in a computer. view.
Types of Operating Systems:
Real-Time OS: Is installed in special purpose embedded systems like robots, cars, and modems. 4. Explain what is If analysis and Tools of What-if-Analysis with examples?
Single-user and single-task OS: Are installed on single-user devices like phones. ANS: - What-If Analysis is an important aspect of planning and managing any business. Understanding the
Single-user and multitask OS: Are installed on contemporary personal computers. implications of changes in the factors that influence your business is crucial when it comes to making important
business decisions. What would be the effect of an increase in your costs, or if turnover rose or fell by a certain
Multi-user OS: it is installed in network environments where many users have to share resources.
amount? How would a change in interest rates or exchange rates affect your profits? Excel offers some easy-to-
Server OS’s are examples of multi-user operating systems. use tools to save time doing your calculations and help you make more accurate forecasts.
Network OS: it is used to share resources such as files, printers in a network setup. Goal Seek: This option is used to set the specified cell value to a target value.
Internet/Web OS: Is designed to run on the browser that is online. Eg: -
A B
Mobile OS: Is designed to run on mobile phones, tablets and other mobile devices. Click on Tools
Examples of Operating Systems Click on Goal seek 1 Item Computers
1. Windows 2. Linux 3. Unix 4. Android 5. Apple mac. Set cell=b4 2 Qty 9
To value=250000
Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are 3 Rate 24500
By changing cell=b3
developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing 4 Amount =b2*b3
Click on ok and Click on ok.
industry. Active Windows families include Windows NT and Windows Embedded; these may Note: - Here the “set cell” must contain a formula.
encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Scenarios: - This option is used to change the group of cell values to the specified target values.
Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone. Steps to create a scenario
Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a 1. Click on Tools
graphical shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user 2. Click on Scenarios
interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market 3. Click on Add to create the new scenario
4. Type the scenario name
with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984.Apple came to
5. Select the range of the changing cells
see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented 6. Click on ok
on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). 7. Enter the target values for each of the changing cell.
On PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system. However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted 8. Click on ok
losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android,[6] because of the massive To apply the Scenario
growth in sales of Android smart phones. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less Click on Tools
than 25% that of Android devices sold. This comparison however may not be fully relevant, as the Click on scenarios
two operating systems traditionally target different platforms. Still, numbers for server use of Select the required scenario
Click on show P t r
Windows (that are comparable to competitors) show one third market share, similar to for end user
Data Tables: 10000 3
use. This option is used calculate the table values. Here We have
to provide a reference cell (empty cell which has given in the
2 ANS: - Different Views in Microsoft Word formulae) and we have to pass row input cell values or
Microsoft Word gives you five different views of a document, and each has its own advantages column input cell values to this reference cell. Banks =(a2*b2*c2)/100
over the others. They are Print Layout, Full Screen Reading, Web Layout, Outline and Draft and you E.g.: - To calculate the simple interests by providing a AA 3.5
reference cell and by passing column input cell values to this
can guess what purpose some of them serve just by their names. There are two ways of changing BB 2.89
reference cell.
the view you have of a document. CC 2.56
1) Print Layout View:-This is the default view you'll find yourself in when opening a document. Click on Data menu DD 2.53
This view is best used when your document will contain things like images, headers, and Click on Table
footers, columns, etc. Column input cell=c2
2) Web Layout View: - Use web layout view to view the document as it would look like as a web Click on ok.
page. In this view you can see the background, text is wrapped to fit the window, and images
5ANS:- What are the different types of Charts? Write down steps to create a Chart?
appear as they would online.
The Pie Chart 3 4
5. Click the new macro (it’s named something like Normal. NewMacros.<your macro name>),
A Pie Chart can only display one series of data. A data series is a row or column of numbers used for charting. and click Add.
Excel uses the series identifier (column or row heading) as the chart title (e.g. Flowers) and displays the values 6. Click Modify.
for that series as proportional slices of a pie. If we had selected multiple series of data, Excel would ignore all but
7. Choose a button image, type the name you want, and click OK twice.
the first series. In the worksheet below, we have outlined in red a single data series in a spreadsheet.
The Column Chart:- 8. Now it’s time to record the steps. Click the commands or press the keys for each step in
The Column Chart very effectively shows the comparison of one or more series of data points. But the Clustered the task. Word records your clicks and keystrokes.
Column Chart is especially useful in comparing multiple data series. 9. To stop recording, click View > Macros > Stop Recording.
The Line Chart:- 10. The button for your macro appears on the Quick Access Toolbar
The Line Chart is especially effective in displaying trends. In a Line Chart, the vertical axis (Y-axis) always displays 11. To run the macro, click the button.
numeric values and the horizontal axis (X-axis) displays time or other category. Record a macro with a keyboard shortcut
The Bar Chart 1. Click View > Macros > Record Macro
The Bar Chart is like a Column Chart lying on its side. The horizontal axis of a Bar Chart contains the numeric
2. Type a name for the macro
values. The first chart below is the Bar Chart for our single series, Flowers.
The Area Chart:- 3. To use this macro in any new documents you make, be sure the Store macro in box says All
Area Charts are like Line Charts except that the area below the plot line is solid. And like Line Charts, Area Charts Documents (Normal.dotm).
are used primarily to show trends over time or other category. The chart at left is an Area Chart for our single 4. To run your macro when you press a keyboard shortcut, click Keyboard.
series. 5. Type a combination of keys in the Press new shortcut key box.
The Scatter Chart 6. Check to see whether that combination’s already assigned to something else. If it's already
The purpose of a Scatter Chart is to observe how the values of two series compare over time or other category. assigned, try a different combination.
To illustrate the Scatter Chart. 7. To use this keyboard shortcut in any new documents you make, be sure the Save changes
Combination Chart: A combination chart is a visualization that combines two or more chart types into a single
in box says Normal.dotm.
chart. Combination charts are an ideal choice when you want to compare two categories of each individual sub-
item. They are commonly used to create visualizations that show the difference between targets versus actual 8. Click Assign.
results. 9. Now it’s time to record the steps. Click the commands or press the keys for each step in the
Bubble Chart: A bubble chart is a variation of an XY scatter plot. Just like the XY scatter plot, bubble charts show task. Word records your clicks and keystrokes.
the correlation between two sets of data. The difference is the addition of a third dimension that is represented 10. To stop recording, click View > Macros > Stop Recording.
by the size of each bubble in the chart. This third dimension is typically used to show the relative impact of a 11. To run the macro, press the keyboard shortcut keys.
quantitative data item. For instance, in addition to showing employee performance versus competency, you can Run a macro
have the size of each bubble represent years of service, allowing your audience to quickly get a sense of how
To run a macro, click the button on the Quick Access Toolbar, press the keyboard shortcut, or you
years of service may affect the relationship between competency and performance.
Creating a chart
can run the macro from the Macros list.
Below are the steps required for creating a basic chart in Microsoft Excel:- 1. Click View > Macros > View Macros.
1. Open ms-excel and take a blank workbook. 2. In the list under Macro name, click the macro you want to run.
2. Select the data which you’re going to insert in Chart. 3. Click Run.
3. And later, click on the Insert tab and in the Charts section; select the chart type and style of chart. The
chart will be added to the spreadsheet and you can modify the style and color, add or remove chart
elements, and filter the data that is displayed in the chart.

6ANS:- What is macro? How to use macro?

You can automate frequently used tasks by creating and running macros. A macro is a series of
commands and instructions that you group together as a single command to accomplish a task
automatically.
To save time on tasks you do often, bundle the steps into a macro. First, you record the macro. Then
you can run the macro by clicking a button on the Quick Access Toolbar or pressing a combination of
keys. It depends on how you set it up.
Record a macro with a button
1. Click View > Macros > Record Macro.
2. Type a name for the macro.
3. To use this macro in any new documents you make, be sure the Store macro in box says
All Documents (Normal.dotm).
4. To run your macro when you click a button, click Button.