fmm Z ™ - ™ / USS NY | ee "6 Practical 1 - Topic ta deri ty \ Freuenyo supply by Melde's Apparatus FFProgressive/Mechanical waves: A wave which needs a medium in order to propagate itself. Sound waves, waves in a Slinky, and water waves are all examples of this. There are two kinds of 1. Transverse waves 2 Longitudinal waves. Mechanical Waves ee Wave (rae = Lengitucinal Wave agp una enceTransverse Waves: "Transverse waves are those in which particles of the medium are displaced in a perpendicular to the direction of propagation of waves". Examples of transverse waves: Water waves (ripples of gravity waves, not sound through water) Light waves S-wave earthquake waves Stringed instruments Torsion wave The high point of a transverse wave is a_ crest. The low part is a trough. Wavelength : The distance between identical points in the adjacent cycles of crests of a wave is called a wavelength. It is also measured in meters.Longitudinal Wave: " Longitudinal waves are those in which the particles of the medium have displacements along the direction of propagation of waves". Examples of longitudinal waves: Sound waves P-type earthquake waves Compression wave Parts of longitudinal waves: Compression: Where the particles are close together. Rarefaction: Where the particles are spread apart.pews re r pee ent Wavelength Time Period : The period of a wave is the time for a particle ona medium to make one complete vibrational cycle, As the period is time, hence is measured in units of time such as seconds or minutes.Period Frequency: Frequency of a wave is the number of waves passing a point in a certain time. The unit of frequency is hertz (Hz) which is equal to one wave per second. The period is the reciprocal of the frequency and vice versa.Period=1/Frequency OR Frequency=1/Period Vv Frequency= f= 4 (hertz) | A ‘ ee Wavelength (m) = sf in ee in 2 ut 1 » Normalized Amplitude ° ‘velocity, V tm/sech ’ :* in Qo 5 10 15 20025 Distance {m}Stationary waves: “Two waves of equal frequency travelling in opposite direction are called stationary waves". L *¢ + Wavelength, , Stationary waves do not transport energy.Except at nodes all others particles of medium vibrate such that amplitude of vibration is different for different particles. The amplitude is minimum or zero at nodes, The amplitude is maximum at antinodes. Alternating current (AC): It is an electric current which periodically reverses direction and change its magnitude continuously with time. Current ——> _——, Time Alternating Current Wavebee ie PE ons 5 ~ cial Fic. re eA oneeh. IA ee pe oy elle... 3 rt Et tha roy =p ha. TeANAN) phy Sic on Othe WAV oe a b _. ble a sci, fo - 5 a ous mae, (yan Time Alternating Current WaveiDescrip on ofa. ~sonarnter, SY, ee 2 end of the — sie is ty on)_© Pe the. % Pe ied — pd athe pe 1A a seta lg 3 fweon the poles %% 0 —— “fA q -—? Oe. mM al Le a 1 ee L ged iia pial iat ione | E Sea Hh aden 2E Ss = In ZO = ac, ea jt 7 | ; “fans sles iy poate | a rye Fool 1 oy eT na, slic oy 4 hada 9¢ tel bof reer Lt wang Ganson and tag iz220 volt ACApparat <= seal ai ba itd hcl) Dn Bd ipa eemes Ef Th =e tions PA | FADCEO Li volt i_ —_ al, incyeaair e_fensbn pp gaits ee eLDe im or Sor 4 La OTL OS ising esis a ee el —4 C4 ‘O Ye i — . Man, ee bas —. Po} Usi ¢ eg a PEC OALLOTLS = ____4 Hos I eS eer Se Ee | eee ed 2 oe obiamnein ahaa = —dekexminal | leno oALou 40P 5 || he 3iansof Havers vibatin 4 “= Sings fed at both ends [let f= Fandamentat Frequency, F = tension, = Nass peru gh } ; i 2) tawof Length: fo ¢ [saiemeoner | 2)law of Tension: fy xVT | ) Law of Mass: hee‘sonometer tea cumgi tbat ya nage as SonometerE Ss = In ZO = ac, ea jt 7 | ; “fans sles iy poate | a rye Fool 1 oy eT na, slic oy 4 hada 9¢ tel bof reer Lt wang Ganson and tag izScanned with CamScanner— —- reauen Cx A een, be idbges 0 TE¢nHO -PorPs Msasue a1 i Z kp fi Taupe dad gs Se ik caer WIle pe in —AUMNB etObservations. and | Cokculations- — ‘ ‘Tension Tm a0 06 k3 XB fe208 m \ ofl length ef the vibrating \ [aren af the wire \ Tail I Lawes é : [4 (mm). im) m) =. _ 17-4 00| 115/100 fh 2 o-LT§ = orl et _ O-195| 0185 o185 | | O.2t|G76 \et4| - | Since £1L _is_cmstant for alk the above abseavations wh on is constast There fore, the tow 4 length verified fag Troernmn4 | rH +H T } I Ty T - Ht LF Cet Tit Et HI ry Cit } jt aeees ert corr } Ty J T Tl 1a ae aa forks of i Vexenk —{-4 iin fren Heat will be, een. = ih ak — hake Uf The, tame ton dr | oT et hing “farce Ta. ea tao INCleased , tha colriespo t eo Tia wWbroting wire 7 | — eT eae Jie G4 4 ar — poonten Fs constant ohh fies the hin 2} [Take pe 2. dani. me kg ee ———the hanger Find the! 7 Of Ywite which a ined —daaaaee i josh ene ef iL. Ze] 2 Kacpingh 7 ra Length — _wire | |awa ee Te pe = aol Ni” FG another wire, of — me Oy Anuble th. &t rye Pon He bag tH Satie. 2 engin | and 2 — length of Vibrating sea meat‘ — a get a te a eee Pe Osi ion A hia “a cs Wes uence 7 one-third? “of the “adh he Fe. | —L Caf 0 wite of Zoom. in “Ley Pe bs and Cc Mass pe unit | oul. tt dung he —Hitel. mass |Low of mass —_ | [FC | 0-025 _| | i = CeMstantt = 25 00 % T= constank= 2450000 § Los Constant\ \ | WiNce £xXde [8 CoM Lie call Agoadings Faia — pena iad nat talCLCAUAMONE:- ; Auld ~ shpulol a iti it Sa i Dre “lod a: pate er ag De epee ae i Te tuain Lining = fo hell a= | JON... £ono.m Bo cam ne osttlc i __b otal ty Pia ie —_ingeasing _U the. ne == lei “the. reat — aShe SisKundt's tube "by German yes August Kanc oh mesure of tno toy da oie ty ta deena angus waves ine (evcnean often bedifcut to vse) Risused today thio eoratteg anges oe accusta forces SU,Loman Wave: + Lengua wave se thee nwhicntheparis oe rmeunnovedlacnert sng recone! ppeznion ef Examplectcogtugrl waves Sound waresate | /heo) As + senennerny " The _kundis eo, eemais ts of | ochre.= oo “bor pita dened woaves Ael u up [a Abe. “ee sad a _ let i hehe re be sepa , ae fay Ue of the Le) ilo! re, peel elect oe (he LON AY LOX a ——— — up} = ae ati Veolumn —in—_+ the ——Laloe a “fhe oe A e ao - sound waves i _t —_ veloc jn = Diken’s SONRa Fund waases a | [ Saad eqpot ier Or oy e404. as we = = | ie a “ee 1 ECnO POPscs Apparat — 7 Kan slab ed ah a O der Fpl une neol ke therm oY) ol ten. le Metre sof.bs _M UQADAS 2.010144 12. a cedluiier a — —_ oy ean empletet ee is ae eae hot -21A. Thong, pel Dn al tap en te ad __ the. table! ih ine_Lay aot bye Ipoolium seach poder, __Vinside th tube. A | —jMultgble War 5-2 E_inseatbins ac |— pa eA a ; fy speed gt _ — te : Goal ih. Phe tw ate: and | ae upside @ ee Ni a: repay “easy. aie ree Bat |. POPsake ~ the. cork, alia | i ee. a Ake. = tbe,.Clamp| — _ ~ at its _midd : SEE ap uate eet =e Vl Li a. eA fone ig Se - er — pasion a Fis ae ee sa they te eae Lycopaliurn pawiclea th 2 akeat — ade note _( Trea Li. et = ii pO VCA Vy the Hh gous ef eS he pownl er | wee ae ate spilt be) =e es ee aioe Least -2natiom Sth eon Di tend. Vi Henan i distance] nee fe. | — rial leo = ea bel POPsL dist. Pon Fhe awe Re. | Every Bye sai ¥ ic This ell be Th pe a nt See a ance _ YY fo a —aapance hae Lido | Mi Mieasuae, aie, ton, be fog hl ye itl Find eu the juclocily | ipa ge Aer — i the. ie Es ie eee, 7 oe — the. eS a - POPs) 6 Sin it re o 0 [etapa suey _panaler Soult Ph Y“ah Noictwie—) fe Dh satis oO ool. M___@.0- = mie a he iF a sot iit a fot pth et eee oe, AL, Sin | : rae = ene ee eece sttaebe e-teTTC | velotla daly fhe = 2Jod. mI. ip He V2 Kee a fill “EF “et nt fo heh bh | | . 343-31 ms: Result | ve 3334 Vo = St x { ! 1 ! 1 ! ' | - 3 S-lldns| Xloe fa | tena 2. TY. a