UNIT

1 Real Numbers, Exponents,

and Scientific Notation
Math in Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Unit Project Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

MODULE
1 Real Numbers

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Getting Ready for Module 1 . . . . . 6

8.NS.1 1.1 Rational and Irrational Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

8.NS.1 1.2 Sets of Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8.NS.2 1.3 Ordering Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Module 1 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

2 Exponents and Scientific Notation

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MODULE

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Getting Ready for Module 2 . . . . 32
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8.EE.1 2.1 Integer Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.EE.3 2.2 Scientific Notation with Positive Powers of 10. . . . . . . . 41
8.EE.3 2.3 Scientific Notation with Negative Powers of 10 . . . . . . . 47
8.EE.4 2.4 Operations with Scientific Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Module 2 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Study Guide Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Unit Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Unit 1 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
 Proportional and
UNIT

2 Nonproportional
Relationships and Functions
Math in Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Unit Project Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

MODULE
3 Proportional Relationships

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Getting Ready for Module 3 . . . . 72

8.EE.6 3.1 Representing Proportional Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8.F.4 3.2 Rate of Change and Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.EE.5 3.3 Interpreting the Unit Rate as Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Module 3 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

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MODULE Nonproportional Relationships

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Getting Ready for Module 4 . . . . 96
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8.F.3 4.1 Representing Linear Nonproportional Relationships . . . 97

8.EE.6 4.2 Determining Slope and y-intercept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
8.F.4 4.3 Graphing Linear Nonproportional Relationships
Using Slope and y-intercept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
8.F.2 4.4 Proportional and Nonproportional Situations . . . . . . . 115
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Module 4 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
 MODULE
5 Writing Linear Equations

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Getting Ready for Module 5 . . . 128

8.F.4 5.1 Writing Linear Equations from Situations and

Graphs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
8.F.4 5.2 Writing Linear Equations from a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.SP.1 5.3 Linear Relationships and Bivariate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Module 5 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

6
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MODULE Functions

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Getty Images; (b) ©BSIP/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Getting Ready for Module 6 . . . 154

8.F.1 6.1 Identifying and Representing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

8.F.3 6.2 Describing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8.F.2 6.3 Comparing Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
8.F.5 6.4 Analyzing Graphs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Module 6 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Study Guide Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Unit Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
Unit 2 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
UNIT

3 Solving Equations and

Systems of Equations
Math in Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Unit Project Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

MODULE
7 Solving Linear Equations

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Getting Ready for Module 7 . . . 198

8.EE.7 7.1 Equations with the Variable on Both Sides . . . . . . . . . 199

8.EE.7b 7.2 Equations with Rational Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
8.EE.7b 7.3 Equations with the Distributive Property . . . . . . . . . . . 211
8.EE.7a 7.4 Equations with Many Solutions or No Solution . . . . . . 217
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
Module 7 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224

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 MODULE
8 Solving Systems of Linear Equations

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Getting Ready for Module 8 . . . 228

8.EE.8a 8.1 Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Graphing . . . . 229

8.EE.8b 8.2 Solving Systems by Substitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
8.EE.8b 8.3 Solving Systems by Elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
8.EE.8b 8.4 Solving Systems by Elimination with Multiplication . . 253
8.EE.8b 8.5 Solving Special Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267
Module 8 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Study Guide Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

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Unit Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Unit 3 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273
UNIT

4 Transformational
Geometry
Math in Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
Unit Project Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

MODULE
9 Transformations and Congruence

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Getting Ready for Module 9 . . . 280

8.G.1 9.1 Properties of Translations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

8.G.1 9.2 Properties of Reflections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
8.G.1 9.3 Properties of Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
8.G.3 9.4 Algebraic Representations of Transformations. . . . . . . 299
8.G.2 9.5 Congruent Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

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Module 9 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

MODULE
10 Transformations and Similarity

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 313

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Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Getting Ready for Module 10 . . 316

8.G.4 10.1 Properties of Dilations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

8.G.3 10.2 Algebraic Representations of Dilations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
8.G.4 10.3 Similar Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335
Module 10 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336

Study Guide Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

Unit Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340
Unit 4 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
 UNIT

5 Measurement Geometry

Math in Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343

Unit Project Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344

MODULE
11 Angle Relationships in Parallel Lines
and Triangles

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Getting Ready for Module 11 . . 348

8.G.5 11.1 Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

8.G.5 11.2 Angle Theorems for Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
8.G.5 11.3 Angle-Angle Similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371
Module 11 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372
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MODULE
12 The Pythagorean Theorem

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 375
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Getting Ready for Module 12 . . 376

8.G.7 12.1 The Pythagorean Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

8.G.6 12.2 Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
8.G.8 12.3 Distance Between Two Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395
Module 12 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396
MODULE
13 Volume

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Getting Ready for Module 13 . . 400

8.G.9 13.1 Volume of Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

8.G.9 13.2 Volume of Cones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
8.G.9 13.3 Volume of Spheres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419
Module 13 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

Study Guide Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421

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Unit Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426
Unit 5 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427

GmbH/Alamy
 UNIT

6 Statistics

Math in Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

Unit Project Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430

MODULE
14 Scatter Plots

Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Getting Ready for Module 14 . . 434

8.SP.1 14.1 Scatter Plots and Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

8.SP.3 14.2 Trend Lines and Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447
Module 14 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

MODULE
15 Two-Way Tables
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Real-World Video . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Are You Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Reading Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Getting Ready for Module 15 . . 452
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8.SP.4 15.1 Two-Way Frequency Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

8.SP.4 15.2 Two-Way Relative Frequency Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Ready to Go On? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467
Module 15 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

Study Guide Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469

Unit Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472
Unit 6 Assessment Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473