Page No.

Momar Managtn t t
Date

Meno Managm ent iu tha proceA oCordsum

omd codimahina Computn mum imnimg ahers Caled
blou vaninus w m gnams o tpdimiz e oveel systum

Mumo manaament maimu Cemceuned wh na

allatatiem o main memm a auusting ote No 0dan
cetain omeunt memoy located te
Wa An buse a o

ahe
ive Yequirtmerts o memm manaaument
Relocatien:
Rdocakon a fmd a way e map unh a lodel rehs
mdephysio oddxt
load d a n m a u nmunmtSihte hexe
utem a pdctb
irtwuhtu insideA h e errocs
s hae addres s Me
a e SaL
o xdocataba adde
dire intruN inside he
cenuatd intp autua ddsos loda in Sea
whdh ans

2Shauna lexibik
eteion
medhanim ma hae
P
auces h e S a e .
Seuaprotuses te
A alou
mumar

3 Pgteuh'en

allotatd te t .
Utceima muman t a t haj ngt blen
prstut agasmt nwayctsd nty u n a b y
Eu adtesShaalo.
ths oced

4 Legcal ganigatisn ne-dumenstmal

0domnd a Lman a
mimaT
mima xwds.

eSeutme o b t u
hat cermdetse
Spare
 Page No.
Dalte T
eLemday mummy st ik hysital l w s Sîmilal4
oganigdinte maduules
d . Mt ha pragaams a

5 Physital Oganigatien
he Cempuutu wman 0rganzAd as mdln miraon-
orrod Sc.cerda muma m a i s mumor poisls obsta u s

Haueatha seterdas mumon a k o a ubut san Adad f

Amg tkam SAbragwth lang lasauay

Addrs bimdig
Addru binding R the oC s mapping h atngas
Aogatak Nstal oddrea pendimg phusitalsmaun.
mLma oddusea
Adkimbinoing paroCatia mem manaqunet
d s piaorOd b e eptakmo tum n behale e
plelitdSea that nad a u s mtmo
nstuhmard dat to mem- O0dsis am

olon n ullauung waysi

Copde tm:
uhen t naun at cple Ame swhuu cs
ww KaideLrmpale khme bindina ued tgentate
nate he
abseute code
Lod tere:
n it no Eran at Cmpile bome h he
poc | u , rAide i n mumon hun eabidenunuatu
suocadble Coole
Cachen iei
the
eots can be. mved duiq i xeutin fem
6r mumany stnd anatho thm bindrg muat be dilayd .
be don
 Page No.
Date

Dynamic loading
Bupamin loadina e mabpin on xeutable
Bna AS apCUA mumon altu ' haß stated n dpnamic

b na mgam.
mamic l0adinq maku btta muman spaceuiganm
ARd Mimu aN nw Joadsd Ok _s u m-
Jana ou Codaau hudsd o handde intreutntly
OCCuiaCas

make 1Linking
Linkin h poc Calleina ard Cobimng
Ja ousmacdulA Code ard data inde a exeatabe pde hat Can
b laaded in mtm and exeutd. 0S Canink sust em lu
lubranitte argka
load. tmethe k g
hun it CAmbinus the bmiu at
and Linkicq dene at the
Atallastadu Linkmg t e n thi

Ovlaa
Oyalays
aVem hme whn athua.
nd data that a heedis_ at an
dhuy aM oadtd ihte Space rat uas
hat uns
huded,
INtxuuh'ens auu
uhednganesdad.
mtrucS'®rsnat
-0cupisd reuios

Swaig it ble p m totul s i a l addsea

Swdping mak fphysial mamay
Space all ocus k kLed me r l
he Sutum-
Aasustim
 PageNo.
Date|

Logital VS Phyaital AddrusSpace

Lagital addrus Aace A S o all Lagtal addrs
unatd mglamfhugital addre space ua Sut a
pstal_addsuna careaesmdimg t hese Aagal addnss
Loataaddrm A qatnatod b ceu fhusiak aldrs
aadsd.rth main ma nd it Loadd inder ha
main um m addrusr ta.

QCoraid e a lagta adldrtsace a uight fagu o lo

d azh maeed ma a phypical um o 32 famas eni
Ha oany t a n dogtal adda
Hoemany ta inthpial addr2
Sal e Jegital addxa split inte Aue fparti
h adldr and h nS t
Paau adldses 3 aalodrs utA
oFfSet loy= 2 = l e add rus bita.
Tata B addrus bt
phaita
hsial addxos uspuik inde AuC paut:-
he f e r addres ard fhn ofset
a n ecoldrua= 32 2 - S addros bita
=lo oddrus btA
sek lo24
Tatal =_lS aold us bit

Hola inMUm fatihnimg

he os kee a tablee inditatmqushithpart mum
ae auailable and shih ae ocupid. usialeall mim
availatlekc pocuuard. s caidud sr a back
aailabl mem Enam h a l e . whun a patomumgy
A ocupid a t nd let 1ut s e mumy a
noun ai hale A holaan be rutdushn a pec»
Coltd and aaues he mon
 Page No..
Date

here
hee a Aug Mana umnt technigues Ceytiguae and
NOm Cond quLasA
Sn Comdiguas tuhnigu exeutmg o a muE

JaadsanYuy maim -mumer Contbiguas Techmp

be duida inte
xdStadic ahdenim
2 Vaiable/ dipais eantikusn8-

fxed stahic anshienug

ino a Set nen-velaphurg
mmc
Pantitm mo
pautihon. fxed pashAo can be e
muma Ttarisu cald
LALa untual Siyts.

Poram
Pronam
hole
foqam3
Prropo 2
oqaom2
rognam 1
hol
frgamno oS
OS

P a h onung
2) Vaiable Bumama andpaahhend a hads
RAM mpty
Iritiall e t e s 's hud
iNtead
un-ime akording
dusina, e a barnditra Sine
ttm toiguY
arss'enemg dusimg
Ka aSen Sha
testa
in thming he
u be e4ual
he a t A AG had
ke h NLLd ovcrt.
Vani actordm avádaol
avddiad A9 tuare
Ao r u
hagmintaki en- Can
n b
be
itnal
URiaadhn q RAM.
ut
 Page No.
Date L
DynamicMLman Altabons teshnugue
akk. bat jk ard u l t p t an the ha
ommem trakeai ta Ad kor sdet a fu halu fom
*hest o avaidable hedu.
fat
n hu
pYst_ fE apoah i allasate thuat
u putNm _ty hole lane maigh uhudh_can atmedate

panhim
26 6t
Tha btuk f* deals with alo cahmg tha smalleut
fre patitm hith meh guirennt o th rguaty-
dorota i algaithan ixakStauhes h sntir iat ofru
anbKema ond cmaiduy smallut hale hat Aadeguuate.
* tiu amd a hole ushith u dee touuual s

sig udd

foee btm se a t tme poiien att wi be bige nogh

Omtcuna fameataben
BE Sahog rdatu te id Sig baathihimamgTeAtum-

*haninh Small loc a. egired ths progaam Hou

movenn unon A adocated S d m u thami heded btha-
proc hchtAtmAal Oult n excus memdy qmgwaata
 Page No.
Date

extenal ngmntat'en
h e main memon omahedubctuweunipo0 Aior alotocted
M a t 4 kre Small e holdQm
men07 hat Adaords
Mero aoCes
oSaaotadem algarttna wkn Lamtiqueu blotka
Wmuseod
Apace mat S a hu YLuut beause na Sp 0ks
a ue Smalu aa mam0r aplslitahi en need
Sime
tuum, ha nm cenioeLs loces CxLoake
m o n Tu mq in rustd sttn hat ana utaide
h a aLocated raien manumq it annat b d alema w

nd up inq iielated ard Canmot beitetally

Uminatd frem th memanyspae Th ald exturoal
aqmemctatiem. 2t an b UmavedbCempathien uhuch Shuy
Comtnt tha memanp do place all ra muma h-

vm Mumen bankhen oo K Sook 2o0 k 300

Ond 60 k in du. Ha wodd tash e afrat pkz

but tt and. woat pt algonthim pace erot
u k 12 t and y26 K 2 outh alaonthon mau
mot utt e mum -
Mumom
212k
41

26 K

Stats tuna
TAmdben
Papief

S6 K f
200 K
3 K fre
Go P 163 K
odtuatailale. 100k Tonl sed941 k
 Page No.
Date T

mPa Proc Mumor 9,nttna

DAUmbe. RRgmustd tog mantnten

41 83K
uL
Poo k 12k 6u
300 K 212k
Soo K fy 26 K
Tota auoila.ble1200 Toca sed 1|6)k
wWorat St
Mimam muman Sahus tunma
Nba Ragpautd
loo k
uu 3k

6 00K P

Tota auailale ! no0 Tota ediE4 k

Buk * alaontha akes mAt uut ise a
uen be.couimts a lu ocusea a alaatd
with im a indinalfagmatat on

Poai
PaninaA
mimomt managuntntSthume that
Jmimatu he_heud o Coni quaus allotahen o Aphupital mumony
ha suhuna pumib the phaital odd.rs space oa roces
b_nem- Contigueus fagina avads xtuuna faqmintahen
amd dhe need ur e a m.
Logital addro An addce onated bu bhe Ceu.
Logial ald-con apceTe Stt o allAogital oddrtst
umdated. b a pogam.
Psital addes: ooldrus o ctallaNeuale on memy-
Mnt
hpital addre» spae Ne sut o allphysital oddra
Corperdirg r * lagital aoldroses.
 Page No.
Date

Phyaital
addko5
frame
Ceu

ehysita MUm
Page able

The mapping f e m vixtuas ke physial aadreau u

u t uhich is a hardua
da ye mmon mamaqument
n i mapeng. saum aspagiss thngne
otce ad
addruApace conceptmally diuided
fhiysical
inde a umbu ehxd-sigu blocka called hamu.
addxus ace alse splitd inte
eqital
pxsd- Siz lotks Caleoeag-

laq, eTMT
Pag fasult n_a prgnam TGUUA
An intembB hat OC s
dao
amd L t a d itint_RAM An invalid pag4
withaa meman
OS Conmotprd
ha dataan A l a i memm -
faultocna n an accs A_apaga
A pao
bun_ brmght _main mumomy taks SaLL.
thak
hakhas no
 Page No.

Date

Sttps m handlimg. þaae. fault bp ouatinq &uti

bating SJove2

o O a t q Euuttm

)BmAY
R Pagt sing
able
wta

Samentad'en,
Seqmentahon s amuman manaqiennt Scheme h t
Suea h pePanero viue mmmyA Lagitas aodro
sace a calle.uhon Sqmints &ath se4mbitiha a
name amd a tntn
k eaddstsSpeu both thu Smet hamu ad ha
sawihin u Stgaant h erbgaamm huxejase peupta
Lath addrt Aue uaaddu Smnt rame and.an

TOrSimliud o implomtnhitn Stqntna a humbud

Onda xeerrd kr Stqmt hunbe Sumint nunde
indexe a. t o Amnttasle. Lach n t im Stgmunt able
a aStapmen base ad Stpmuot Lmut. Sepmnd base
Conan h phgsitas addrus shua sqmut rsidu in
 Page No.
Date

S ntaden s a memo m0nagmnt tchnirÁA

nuh the mimonL diu'dsd inde vaiable. sg pat
Cauh pat a kaaana Stoment shih canbe allataked
T detaiisabateachSAqrnt an Stored
aro.
n asle calld spant table.
S *
ale |spokrg

Sgr
Sget 2
GPU-
Seqd 3
Leqtal
add ros

Phyital Addrus
aee
No

na aolalerts

S ntodin Paging
D_Progam divided mte
Vaniable Sigu S n t n t .
se 1up l
duiding
i pogom int Sm dividing -

oninatuintthnal
9 t aat dorats intumal
agemiontadon.
antah'tn
an imngutu eXttmal
tant ininatu Xtnal
apmntadem.
ementabiom. it f
a
0S nantains a ut s fseD OS maltains
ama
naduan mmont
 Page No.
Date

irhal Mm
_Cmputu canaddrusmaa mum.y than the
otuthyitally inBalltd m_th syttm TR eXta.
a.ctalu Lald virtal meman ond Aa.
Selhie a had duss h a s set as A tnulate the
Comautuws KAm
m o i n 0datag a schume that
Ptna Can b anan ahan phaiil mma Uinhal
mmm Seaans_we purpabea xAt it allauss ttrd
xhe use phpita m udna disk Sacendit
alaa Ms A haie md rAte.ch anbeaR Rach-
addcis t0dated aphypital addr
Vixtual mumm O munny mamaquatmt Cababidihy
m 0S that uu handuana and saltwar. ollo a_

ut*oCampussat o phsita memmy shentag.by-

tuparaniu taexnrg data fem RAM A dusr aturcqu.

vi(Amal Addres Phpital Addrus

A
C

E 8
16k 16K
20k
24k A

SeCerdo Memmy
 Page No. -

Date

&umand Pagin4
poge inte mamon an
he

dumad wndmeHA a4L auule ocws kEnaun a dim ad

pagng
u
-

Pyoc cPU tries oreya a saqu tnat 1

man m t a n 9ntnatean
m auajlable o he
os
inurmpt dmditatima m a m a n arLess tault
MteTntrdpotd i a blakimg.
Steate. fos fha exeuson-
tmmg th rguirtd
pag i t e

hereguise d
adores Space
fromdaptasadglvusSpace

Pa will be bought
ppitaL addrus skaca Thu faa table wu pdated
ta he ceu
T Sigmalwil be stat
autematical placs
exeuKn ad it wu
e_cennue kha magAam
roc ba ine ready stake.
he

Sunp oG
A

Poanan SUuain

Secerda Ctraa
 PageNo.
Date

Pag Re lazement Algoerithom

r A an fut Out CFiFo)
A FLEO rpoument algithm asaciats wth ach
a u ameuhm that paquwa brouaht inte memory
whn a m u t be ploced he oldut paqLAheltm
cam cxtate a ffo gue held all paga suma
th hAAd atha u s h na
boght mte meman, ,we insut a t he tail a

Qophmal Replaceriat Algonthm

p t n a l 4&l sdet j r replactment that ag..
r ukith he tme e tha h t rtunte s thelsngut
p o 1tplaatnent algorihm hai tha Aauut
page
Aapimml
a l algorthma. TK algonthm s inpale
aut
ault rate
w o l d Ttguixethe puatng yatsm
n p l m i t becaue
h a u e puct noldq
utt n

3
U pag Teplactmet
as
we sethe TecLt at
hanot
uture hn o o Teplace the paau a t
u
he
he nean
hean
theAnguk penod s me
bLin
bLum ed Ja sed LAU) algo
h the l a t restntly
 Page No
Date
Cenido th nuina
2,3 tenua t n
4,S, 62, 23 2, 6, 3,21,2,3,
DLV
agaTeplaumeut alermm
o namu in ach ase ad
famu aaikallu uty
So EIFo

3 3 3

3
Po Fault 1
ams

s s
2
3

afaults=1
 Page No.
Date

LRu -pagareplatemnt algithm

3d m
3

3
6
2
3 3

Pag fauls- I S

3 3 3
3

2 3 3

faa tault= 10
 Page No.

Date
oahin
Thiaahuna OGLAna hun a yaten Apends more hma.
n atebmg aqjauty aina h a nexuuting inruuhon

hnashina aCoapastn attiuih that maka Lte

0 USuall ma napptm due e onited raancas a
xhaaken minor a i s s shem a paa faukt ocu
Paaault asuse mmma CL uiszUal mimm-
pace ats nat ap e Cntiat RAMn.

CPu be Cemesidle..
2 Decseaing-
Deceaina h uiligatiem incxtats e alegmaa emulbaam

eanea ultprOgawn

Apc hnashing4 Stndung maeme

in agkna haexeudien ThndhUma- diste phtunmnamn
Thrain4 bu Sappmya4 amdmd. oat r dama me