1 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination KEY POINT: (© For clear understanding the conventions must be followed. Contents 1 Notation 2 Paper sizes 3 Ordnance survey maps 4 Drawings 5 Meesuring instruments 6 Dimensional coordination 7 Planning 8 References 1 NOTATION LOL Decimal marker ‘The decimal marker (oll stop) on the baseline is the standard ‘decimal point in the UK; bat the marker atthe halfway position is also acceptable. It should be noted that Continental practice is 19 tse the comma on the baseline, ‘When the value to be expressed is Jess than unity it should be preceded by zero (eg. 0.6 not .6). Whole numbers may be expressed without a decimal marker. The appropriate number of decimal places should be chosen depending on the cicumstances in which the resulting value is to be used Thousand marker To avoid confusion with the Continental decimal marker, no thousand marker should be used. Where legibility needs to be ‘able | Sommary of symbols nd notation CUS{B (1976 revised) (A31) and (F43) UDC: 744 and 69.032 improved a space can be left in large groups of digits at every thousand point. Where there ae only four digits, a space between the first digit and the others is not desirable (e.g. 15000, 1500), (However, the comma is used in currency, e.g, £115,000.) 1.02 Symbols ‘The main symbols should be used as shown in Table I, The same symbol, ie.m,mm, kg. should be used for singular and plural values (Ig, 10kg), and no full stops or other punctuation ‘marks shouldbe used after the symbol unless it occurs atthe end ‘of a sentence. Use a ‘solidus’ or sloping line as a separator between numerator and denominator, ie, Skim? or 3kg/cum (three kilograms per cubic metre) A single space should separate figures from symbols: 10m, not 10m. The unit should be written in full if there is amy doubt about the symbol, For example, the recognised unit symbol Ifo the unit litre ean be confused with the number 1 and itis less confusing to write Tie in full. Also, the unit symbol ¢ for tonne may in some citcumstances be confused withthe imperial ton, and the unit tonne should then be writen in ful, When symbols are raised 10 various powers, it is only the symbol which is involved and not the number attached to it Thus 3m? equals 3(m)? and not 3m X 3m X 3m Gi. the answer is 3 cubic meus and not 27 cubic metres), Difficulty may be experienced when reproducing the squaring and cubing indices m? ormm?, and m! ormm', In such cases, units may be writen withthe indices on the line instead of as superscripts (m2, m3). Alternatively, particularly when the Quantity Description CCorect unit Acceptable Incorrect wi Notes sybet ermine: fox au pln shal be preceded by 0 fon ‘1 Let ee = OM meter silane an ‘me = an mag im ‘abi mile oo comm ‘ue mia cu le (guid votume) fi Pry rite nl 1 0“ bg Mas (wee) ‘eene . = Peay write nme a fl eed eg taken cepa tn ‘og te Kp kG om : f Fone new x Na Note ht wen wd in wien tte ait enon Spel uals epi wth 3 Towerease eer a When sed runt symbol Incaleaaion or in a omala een expe ‘cap lener N1.2 Netto, drawing fice prc and dinensbna rdintin general public is involved, the abbreviations °sq’ and ‘cu" may be used (sqm, cum). {6 Units should not be hyphenated (milli-metres). 11.03 Notation 1 As a tule the sizes of components should be expressed in consisent and not mixed units, eg. 1500mm X 600mm x 25mm thick and not 1.5m x 600mm X 25mm thick. However, for long thin components such as timbers it is preferable to mix the units, eg. 100mm x 7Smm 10m long 2 Its important to distinguish clearly between the metric tonne ‘and the imperial ton. The tonne is equivalent to 2204.61b while the ton is equal to 2240|lb~ a difference of 1.6per cent. 3 The interval of temperature should be referred 10 as degree Celsius (°C) and not as centigrade, The word centigrade is used by the Continental metric countries as a measure of plane angle ‘and equals 1/10000th part of a right angle +109. 41.2 A.sizes retain the same proportion (1:~/2), each size being half the sie above Examples a ot ‘Correct use eee [size] mm {-210- 185-+-185- 2m Sen 30m 2 le + per inom {om (hmm & [eis 130 sol 08 8 isis] 3 “*Note. Some metric values are expressed differently in certain counties, The value ee 110.100 fr expe, culd ean to hovend ane honed tsa | ag [e209 -| items co anes ican ue UR 2 PAPER SIZES ‘ener ep ‘The Intemational A-series of paper sizes is uscd for all drawings “™™™0*=*= an writen materia if written mate folding At size 2.01 Sizes in the A-series ‘The A range is derived from a rectangle AO, 1.1, of area tm? with, sides x and y such that x:y = 1:,2 (.e, x= 841 mm; y = 1189mm). ‘The other Sizes in the series’ are derived downvards by pro: aressively halving the size above across its larger dimension. The proportions of the sizes remain constant, 1.2. 2.02 Trimmed sizes and tolerances ‘The A formats are trimmed sizes and therefore exact; stubs of tea- ‘off books, index tabs, etc. are always additional to the A «dimensions, Printers purchase their paper in sizes allowing for the following tolerances of the trimmed sizes © For dimensions up to and including 150mm, +1.5mm © For dimensions greater than 150mm up to and including 600mm, 422mm (@ For dimensions greater than 600mm, +3mm. Recommended methods of folding the larger A-sized prints are given in 1.3. 1 Derivation ofthe reciangle AO, which has a surface area of Ine 13 A-series of paper sizes 2.03 Pre-metrie paper sizes (014 drawings will frequently be found in the sizes common prior to the changeover to metric. These sizes are given in Table Il 2.04 Drawing boards Drawing boards are currently manufactured to fit A-size paper, while vertical and horizontal filing cabinets and chests have intemal dimensions approximately corresponding to the board sizes listed in Table Ill. Boards, cabinets and chests designed for the pre-metric paper sizes are sill in use 3 ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPS 301 Ordnance Survey maps are now based completely on metric measurements and are immediately available to the following scales: 1:50000, 1:25 000, 1:10000, 1:25000 and 1:1250. However, new computer methods of storage and retrieval mean that maps can be supplied to any desired scale. Table I Preset paper and drawing board snes Newe Paper se Boar see Hat inp xa ‘04 0s renee ‘en » 558 Sia sat Dovble ont 106% 679 1092 393) Arteria 1346 5787 iad“Table I Nomina! sas of drawing boards for use with parle motion rating machines tached Type o beard Ste Wide Length (om (om Parte! meson unit cay a 2 ™ Saltg aoe 190 150 “Tek realy ope Al exe a io sting macine Io extended 0 Iso ig anal "king area one side Parle motion it with At dep 70 x0 2 btar of bors Architects and surveyors inevitably need to refer back to old maps and plans from time to time. These may have been drawn to almost any scale, but the common scales 10 which OS maps were drawn were as follows 1 inch to the mile (1:63:360) 6 inches to the mile (1:10 560) 18 feet to the inch (1:1056) Where these are stored on microfiche, etc. they can be reproduced to a scale more suited to modern use 3.02 Bench marks and levels Points used for measuring and marking levels are known as henc ‘marks. Ona particular site a temporary bench mark (TBM) may be established, to which all other levels on that site are referred. The level value allocated 10 the TBM may be to Ordnance Datum: more commonly itis given an arbitrary value. Ths value should be large ‘enough not io equire any negative levels (including levels of drains, tc), as these can lead to errors. All levels in and around buildings are recommended tobe given to three decimal places, although BS 1192 permits two decimal places for landscape work. The heights of Ordnance Survey bench marks are given in Bench Mark Lists obtainable from Ordnance Survey Headquarter, Romsey Road, Maybush, Southampton $09 4DH. Modem OS ‘maps tothe larger scales include Ordnance Bench Marks related to ‘Newlyn Datum. Older maps may have levels to Liverpool Datuny; levels on maps other than of Great Britain will be related to other datums. Where known, the datum and date of levelling should be stated (OS maps include contours. On the 1:10000 series the contour interval is 10 metres in the more mountainous areas and $ metres in the remainder ofthe country 4 DRAWINGS 401 Centimetees or millimetres Continental tuilding practice uses metres or centimetres depend ing on the particular application. inthe UK, since the change to etic dictated the practice, the millimetre is used instead of the Notation, drawing ofc practice and dimensional cordination 1-3 centimetre, although this does lead to & mistaken perception ofthe degree of accuracy. (On a drawing, either metres or millimetres should be used: these Uunits should not be mixed. If this rule is followed, ambiguity is avoided ~ itis not possible to confuse which units are intended. Dimensions in metres should include either the decimal marker or the leterm: 2.0 of 2m, Avoid using capital M for metres. M is used to indicate the number of modules e.g. where a module of 100mm is adopted SM ‘means 500m, 4.02 Specifying both imperial and metric sizes If work is being done on an old building that was built to imperial dimensions, and it is desired to show these on new drawings, show ther in feet, inches and fractions of an inch to an accuracy of 1/6th inch, followed by the metric equivalent in brackets t0 the ‘nearest millimetre. The reverse should never be required, Imperial dimensions may be indicated by the abbreviations fr and in: 4ft-6in, oF using single and double inverted commas: 4-6 The hyphen is used asthe separator, 4.03 Levels on plan It is important t0 differentiate on site layout drawings between existing levels and intended levels, thus: Existing level: x 58.210 Imended level: [60.255 ‘The exact position to which the level applies should be indicated by "x. Finished floor levels should be indicated by the leters FFL. followed by the figures of the evel, thus: FFL 12.335. FFL IOISOO) a ocr) | [FELISrooR, FIEOOA| Tal [SOOO] font) | rund tw "on SSOP Oy LA Method of indicating levels on sections and elevations CXXEKES Softwood. machined all round Ny TOOT Saeed ER LS Conventional shadings for various materials in sectionping ofc practice and dimensional cordiaton 4.04 Levels on section and elevation ‘The same method should be used as for levels on plan except that the level should be projected beyond the drawing with an arrowhead indicating the appropriate line, asin 14. 4.05 Conventional symbols BS 1153 specifies certain standard symbols for use on drawings. A selection of these are given in LS. 4.06 Scales “The internationally agreed und recommended range of scales for use ‘nthe construction industry is given in Table TV. The scale or scales ‘used shouldbe stated on each drawing; drawings that are to read by the non-specialist (eg. sketch drawings) or that are 10 be ‘microfilmed or published should have a drawn scale in addition ‘Where two or more scales are used on the same sheet, these should be clearly indicated. 1.6 shows some dimensions to various scales. this length of scale represents on plan 10 metres 50m 4-200 ft this length of sale represents on plan 1 metre 100m 150m 200m this length of scale represents on plan 10 metres 1:500 i {Il this length of scale represents on plan 1 metre 20m 20m 40m 50m this length of scale represents on plan 10 metres sm 10 U 4200 im. 20m this length of scale represents on plan 1 metre this length of scale represents on plan 10 metres 4m 2m 3m _4m +100 {ths length of scale represents on plan 100 mili this length of scale represents on plan 1 metre jm 15m 2m 25 +50 Sm_6m Tm__8m_9m_10m |_| this length of scale represents on plan 1 metre m_3m_35m_4m this length of scale represents on plan 100 milimetres this length of scale represents on plan 4 met ‘m 120 this length of scale represonts 15m fon plan 100 millimetres this length of scale represents on plan 100 milimetres tm 02m 03m 04m 05m so this length of scale represents on plan 10 miimetres 1.6 Representations of lengths to scale. This drawing may be used 10 check the correct interpretation of scale“Table WV prefered cles Notation, drawing office practic and dimensional coordination 1S jee Use Seale ‘nooo sano 1060 i350 1 Block pln 00 Sie pan assent 120 Desai 4.07 ‘Types of drawings ‘Types of drawings done to the most suitable scales are shown in 1710 1.13, Note that io 1.10 and 1.11 alternative dimensional units are shown for comparison. The method of expressing dimensions 8 shown in the shaded drawings is not recoramended, '§ MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ‘The following notes are based on BS 4484 5.01 Folding rules and rods, laths, and pocket tape rules Lengths of instruments are as follows: (2) Folding rules: 1 () Lath: Im, 1.5m of 2m (6) Folding and multi-purpose sods: 2m (@) Pocket tape rules: 1m, 2m, 3m, oF Sm. ‘The forms of graduation are shown in 1.14. The instruments are ‘graduated in millimetes along one edge with Sm and 10m graduation marks. Along the other edge the millimetre graduations are omitted. 02 Steel and synthetic tapes Lengths are 10m, 20m, or 30m long. Fiched steel bands are available in 30m and 501m lengths ‘Tapes are graduated at intervals of 100 muta, 10mm (with the ‘50mm centre graduation mark ‘arrowed! and 5 mm. The frst and last metre of the tape are futher subdivided into minor graduation ‘marks at Imm intervals (see 1.15). Note that synthetic material tapes, however are not subdivided into millimettes over the first and last metre 53.03 Chains Studied steel band chains are in lengths of 20 metres, divided by brass studs at every 200 mm positon and figured at every 5 metres, The first and last metre are Further divided into 10mm intervals by I> 2] Boor) & i ® 1.7 Layout plan (note thatthe Ordnance Survey continue to use the 1:2500 scale) sede 1:2000 Pr | Ipsos [| bao | E pe 7 Hib | seb" 18 Site plan scale 10) 19 Location drawing146 Natt draming fer practic aed dmesoalcodinaton +1000}—1800—+-1250-+ — 3000-10004 Li i 7 scale 1: 100) 1.10 Location drawing (sketch plan) LAL Assembly detail drawing (shaded version not recommended)oration, drawing ofc practice and dimensional coordination 1-7 13 Full size detail (ee eee gee Se Sees land iS fala 1.14 Graduation markings for folding rules and rods, laths and pocket tape rules (2 lalallala? it ! LAS Graduation markings for steel tapes =18. Notation, mensions coordination [200 4-200 4 I | 1.16 Land chain markings smaller brass studs with a small washer or other identification at half-metre intervals, The markings appear on both sides of the band, Land chains ae also in lengths of 20 metres, made up of links, ‘which from centre to centre of each middle connecting link measure 200mm, Tally markers are attached to the middle connecting ring at every whole-meire position, Red markers are ‘used for 5m positions, with raised numerals; yellow markers of a different shape and with no markings are used forthe rest, 1.16 5.04 Levelling staffs Lengths are 3m, 4m or Sm long with a reading face not ess than 38mm wide. Graduation marks are 10mm deep, spaced at 10min intervals. Atevery 100mm the graduation marks offset to the lef ‘and right of centre, 1.17. The outside edges of the lower three sraduation marks join together to form an *E’ shape. Different colours distinguish graduation marks in alternate metres. Staffs are ad f200-#-200-4-200-4 white wf i) | | | | | | } } 1 EE i 117 Leveling staff marked in 10mm increments LAB Ranging rod —ogo— —o¢-o— \ tn tay & stay 7 cob! yelon te Seno sas wit oied figured at every 100mm interval with metre numbers (small ‘nurneals) followed by the decimal point and first decimal part of the metre (large numerals). 5.05 Ranging rods Lengths are 21m, 2.5 m or 31m painted in either 200:mm or 500mm ‘bands alternating red and white. A rod of 2m length painted in 200mm bands is shown in 1.18, 6 DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION 601 Current building practice involves the assembly of many factory- ‘made components: in some cases (called industrialised building) the whole project consists oF such components slotted together like ‘child's construction kit, Dimensional coordination (DC) is essential (0 ensure the success of the system, and consists of a range of dimensions celating tothe sizing of building components and assemblies, and to the buildings incorporating them, DC enables the coordination of the many part that go to make up the total construction which are supplied from widely separated sources. Atan international level, 100mm is accepted asthe basic module (often referred to by the letter *M’) Dimensional coordination relies on establishment of rectangular three-dimensional grids of basic modules into which components ccan be introduced in an interrelated pattern of sizes, 1.19. The ‘modular grid network delineates the space into which each ‘component fits. The most important factor of dimensional coordination is that the component must always be undersized in relation to the space grid into which it has t0 fit (but not to too great an extent) 1.19 Tivee-dimensional grid of basic modulescd sealing rings ‘component toleronce walls of yinder — 1.20 The piston and cylinder principle In the engineering world the piston and cylinder principle establishes the size relationship between dimensional space grid and component, 1.20. The size of the cylinder must allow for the right degree of accuracy and tolerance to enable the piston to move vp and down. The degree of inaccuracy 10 be allowed for in the building process is related to the economics of jointing. Adequate space ‘must be allowed for size of component plus joint. Transeressing the rules of locating components within the alloted space LLL LDS 1.21 Fitting a component into a dimensionally coordinated grid Notation, daming ofc practice and imensional coordination 1.9 contained by grid lines will cause considerable difficulty in site assembly. ‘The basic arrangement of components within the grid layout shows them fting into the spaces allocated to them: dimensionally they are coordinated, thus allowing the designer maximum use of standard components, 1.21, 6.02 The basie aims of DC (as was defined in BS 4011:1966) were: (© To. obtain maximum economy in the production of components ‘© To reduce the manufacture of non-standard units (© To avoid wasteful cutting on-site. ‘Advantages to designers may include: ‘© Reduction in design labour ‘© Reduced production of working drawings by the use of standard details ‘© Choice of interrelated standard components a the various price levels. Potential advantages to manufacturers include: (© More effective use of labour in producing standard lines ‘© Reduction in the stocking, invoicing and other operations connecied with numerous differently sized products. There should also be advantages to contractors, not only through better design of components for fit but also through increasing familiarity with standard components, BS 4011 has now been superseded by BS 6750:1986. 603 Basic elements of DC Preference for size ‘The prefered increments are: ¢¢ First preference (multimodule) multiples of 300mm © Second preference (basic module) multiples of 100mm © Third preference (submodule) multiples of SOmm up to 300 mm f@ Fourth preference (submodule) multiples of 25mm up 10 300.mm, Reference system Grid and line ‘The DC reference system identifies controlling dimensions by the use ofa grid on plans and a series of horizontal lines on elevations and sections. ‘The terminology is precise: ‘© Controlling dimensions lie between key reference planes (e.g. ‘oor-to-floor height). They provide & framework within which to design and t0 which components and assemblies may be related. ‘© Key reference planes define the boundaries of controlling zones for structual axes ‘© Controlling lines on # drawing represent a key reference plane {© Axial controlling lines are shown on drawings by a chain dotted line with a citele at the end, in which the grid reference is siven, ‘@ Face controlling lines are shown by a continuous line with circle at the end in which the grid reference is given. {© Zones between vertical or horizontal reference planes provide spaces for one or more components which do not necessarily il the space. Provided that use of associated components is not inhibited, a buikding component (or group of components) may extend beyond the zone boundary, as may trims and finishes.1440 Notation, drawing fice practice and dimensional coordination 6.04 Drawings A typical project will require three series of drawings: 1 General location drawings showing controlling lines with identifiers 2 Assembly drawings showing the relationships between the ‘components and the controling lines 3 Component drawings, where required. Specialists such as structural and service engineers provide assembly and component drawings in their own disciplines to ft in with this system, ‘The representation of the dimensional coordination framework should be consistent on all drawings. On general location drawings 4 grid representing 300mm (or a multiple of 300mm) may be used. Assembly details may use grids of 300 or 100 mm, Reference lines Reference lines or grids should be thin, to distinguish them from other, particularly constructional, lines. Gridded paper and scales ‘Table V gives the recommended range of scales for each type of drawing related to appropriate paper grid sizes. Scale and the increment represented by the grid should be indicated on all aridded sheets Dimension lines Different types of dimensions should be distinguished by the ype of arrowbead, 1.22. ‘Running dimensions should be set off from a datum, 1.23, Assembly details Assembly details should show components in their context, ie. in relation to the adjoining element, with details of the joint. Table V Choke of scales and ris ‘ype of draving Seale Paper Increment ‘isize mm) represented (mm) lok pa 1:20 Not aplicate Eo Stepan eso Not apa Seach tao 6 20 bio 3 mo General octton 0G 0 Tonge te) a Comper aes 1100s Pd bo x0 h 1 ros 0 s i hs 2» 100 0 0 5 3s na too ito Assembiy ims son io * s 3 ‘These sae ae tlow he inks for dew ts covordinating aa LO CH! |wemeey | —al 1.22 Coordinating and work sizes s00__ 800 1500 150 1.23 Running dimensions. The symbol atthe datum should be as shown. An arrowhead is sometimes used, but is not the preferred alternative 6.05 Locating components by grid Types of grid ‘The structural grid of axial controlling lines, 1.24, is established physically by the contractor onsite it serves asthe main reference in construction. Itis subject to setting- out deviations which affect the spaces required for assemblies of components; but this should have been allowed for in the design stage. A planning grid of face controlling lines, 1.28, locates non-structural elements. seed ‘Smenion + | 1 Ea ewe 1.24 Asial control mT 1.25 Facial control Relation berween structural and planning grids ‘Structural and planning grids may coincide but do not necessarily do so. The controlling dimensions for spacing structural elements fn plan on axial lies are in multiples of 300mm (Table VI). If « 300mm square grid is used then axial controlling lines will coincide with the grid, 1.26, bu ifthe grid is « multiple of 300 mm then the controling lines will be offset from the axial grid by 300mm or by a multiple of 300mm, 1.27 Relating zones 10 a 300mm grid If widths of structural zones are multiples of 300mm, the grid is continuous, 1.28. Ifthe zone is nota multiple of 300mm, however, the grid is interrupted by the dimension ofthat zone, 1.29. This is referred to as a neural zone. © neutral zone is a zone that does not conform 10 the recommended dimensions given in Table VI“Table VE Sang of zones and begs Range (rw) Matipes of sie tm Horizontal contain desins| Whe zane for cous and ldbearng walls To 0 Mo int pretence) 100 (sod preference) ‘Spacing of ones fo columns and oabearing walls From 0" = ‘era conrting dimensions Flor celine het 2300 3000 bw a ver ot spt of some for floor and eft To 0 ve 0 ‘oor ora af begs {om 80. ver 00 hanes feel ove 2 Se 88 g8 23 1 Howie my we 80 2 Fam bles may se 150 and 1800, Domenic grees may xe 2100 Housing may we 2380, 3 Mowing may ee 250 4 Howsing ny oe 2600 1.27 Controlling lines offset from grid ‘hes quot ons S50 x 1.28 Continuous grid u rover equate 1360 am 1.29 Interrupted eid and nesta zones tartan) Notation, draning fice practice and dineasbnal coordination 1-11 Key reference planes Key reference planes, 1.30, should generally occur st (© Finished flor level (© Finished suspended ceiling level © Finished wall surface, Sizes of zones indicated by key reference planes should be selected {rom Table VL Where controlling or reference lines bound floor or roof soffit, deflection should be allowed for in the zone 1,30 Vertical control: A being floor-to-ceiling height controlling dimension; B floor and roof zone: C flor-texfloor and Aloor-to-roof controlling dimension 6.06 Size of components Coordinating and work sizes Controlling dimensions are coordinating sizes: (© Coordinating sizes, 1.22, make allowance for fiting and jointing, They represent the overlaid grid which does not ‘usally coincide with actual junction lines on the face of the building. They are indicated by open arrowheads. ‘© Work sizes are the specified manufactured sizes. (within permissible deviations). They are indicated by closed arrowheads, Tolerance and fit Joint sizes are critical. There are graphical aids (see References) t0 help reconcile all the factors affecting tolerance, such as ‘© Expansion and contraction (© Variability in manufactured size 1 Satisfactory joint clearance range (© Variations in seting out dimensions, adjacent components, (© Number of components in an assembly ‘© Variations in interpretation of work size from a given coordinal- ing size. Degree of accuracy Designers should identify where itis critical and where not, or they must assess: (© Where standard sizes are appropriate and readily available {© If some components can be made to order without a significant cost penalty (© Whether cutting is acceptable (and the effect on performance) © The likely order of assembly. 6.07 Boundary conditions Some assembly and support conditions may necessitate variations in elements to allow for: ‘© An extended Moor slab beyond the clear span to gain a bearing ‘on a wall ‘© Reduction in size to permit the application of a finish ‘© Aniincreased height of positioning to allow for building directly ‘off the Moor slab or extending through a suspended ceiling 10 reach the soffit ofthe floor slab. ‘These allowances (termed “boundary conditions’) should be in multiples of 25mm, They may be uneconomic to produce imiting ‘the applications of the product to which they apply.12 Netto, draws fc practice and dimension sordination ‘Tble VI Planing use clases under the owe and Country Planning (ase Chass) Order 1987 as amended 1991 and tice in 1992 Case ‘eed forthe minor primary purpose a Shops open 1 th pub (a) Seting pode titer sn tt fod (0) Pot oer (6) Tike or tvel ngeey (G) Takeaway sling undies or eher cold oad {e) Haaser (0 er decor (g) Displaying goods le (8) Hing ot domense o personal ond aces {0 Washing or cening ces oars, (© Receiving posto be nase cleaned or pale am ‘Bai rt rofesinal seis whee Proved mail 10 visting membre of (a) Fini services (0) Prtessiona serves (ote ths Hehe mai eric) the pie (e) Ap eter series Gala me ting oe appropri provi i shopping 3 Food and die The sl of fod or dk for consump ce the rei raf at od or cansamation of the penis Busines, proving thew cas ext a2 rend ca wiht diet esi of nie aan mel, fe, Soke sot ah dato (2) An ofc ter han 3 we within clas AD (©) Research an develope Pots of posses (6) Any instal process 2 (Gener nds (Canyng oman indi proces te tha oe in cs Bo 4 wo 87 Bs Deleted eas | a ‘Speci Intl Ge B xcept where the proces rare oa in sszinon ‘iO and eet 4 guy of ine ) Sroting caening, sierieg or esi eree, mineral concsnate omates 1 Conergy. ang oF ig me ay ar (©) esvering meal fom sup o oss oases (e) Picking or eating met ni (© Cavum ping Spel India Grp Cetcept ere the proces is aie om in ssocaon ‘stand adjcen to uy oe ine (@) Bung bos opps (0) Bunn line or dotote (6) Producing ne oie, eet of alanioa (@) Foaming cashing crore or hing ites ag (Proves perf ashy est’ (0 Producing cubonae of ine or ide ine (@)Proucing ican pment By cling rating rising 26 Speci Inds Group D (3) Disiling.refising or ending ols cer tan pele o petteum protits) (0) Prong or wing cellese or waar remus sprayed tl Ties (te than eile ek woxsps bn coonecton wh iar eps c the appicaton of pas oder by the wt of fund dante ay techie) 16) Boing lized oo ring gam {@) Proeses Involving fe te fe ich ituen (xcept he we of en the manufac of ring fe at tempers nt exceeding 220° an sa he tule cased rane {) Sog euneliod wa A Proscingaigttc eters of the her fy ai uy cid crame, eae, sr, eps, rein [ous cxcag plant mouldg or extrson operations and psn lst se os aren ies Sr opteal engonensprotaced by eatin, ending, malig apg xen, say de alpha mis conponne. {Gi Prodacig bbe for sep {01 Chena ocesses in wich clopeass et carereas ae sed a itrmeines (0) Manufacig acetylene fm eam exise (0) Manali recoterng ming pene picts any methyl oe amine ayes » Speci nds Grp Boing bod. chiens settings sop Boling, bmn, gine or stain bes lingo cag ie Seeding maggots frm pues nil mater Css. adsting toning sina ht Deaing in as and nes nding receling sting soringo agli a key Resor bese eon, oy toes, Bb sin, tor resi sal psu a ae Dressing or sping fh skins Done sine Making mre rom Bones. th, fal, Hood, se hp, as eter putes animal or vegetable mater ating or scping evs Noqutectng tial real, lod atm, candles, at he, ft lie o felines frail or pouty em mest, Hood, Bone, feathers ft or sina fal eter on ens conden o abe ay [ces cating aos orn kis ting reting exacting ft alle ‘requis shin for wkible VI Continued Cus, ed for Be Storage o sb Storage or 3 dst ene c "els nd bot ce practice man or peiary purpose testing ge ous 3 Ros wo ech ce mo ini ea cr prvi siden accomaaton a cae for people ter than aos win as 3) ° Dreching houses wheter ort sale or) ora single peo by people ing taser a fay, ain eiences| (0) By so me thn sds ving opt tna howihad fing household where eae povided for ese) Nowtesien nso {6 For etic (a) For any matical rhea senices exept when atacbed 1 the esience of he constant f pratitoner (Creche dey nae ay seme (For the Slay of works fa (tern than forsale ot) {© Macon {0 Paces, pale reading 00m (a) Paste hal eciiton al 1) Pate woes regio nation b ‘Assembly andere a) Gems ") Cone at {e) Swimming bat, sing ik, yma ae oe ter nor or cud spr etn, 2 ievlog ‘seeded ves or fearae UUNCLASSED (a) These (8) Arcs arcade or cone, fie (6) Motor vee stowrom (6) Tas or motor hie oi (@) Soupyad yd forthe storage o deco of mies ca eking (8) Foray wot eprale onde he Aka, Works Repltion At 1905 6.08 Dimensionally co-ordinated products Section $ of DD SI lists British Standards where products are dimensionally coordinated. Many appear in Chapter 46 of this handbook. 7 PLANNING 701 In most countries of the world some permit or permission is required for building to take place. In Britain, this involves seeking planning permission from the local authority in whose area the evelopment is proposed. There aze # number of circumstances under which permission is not equited, and the local authority will, if asked, provide a certificate to that effect in each particular cease. Generally, permission will be required for: ‘© A building, engineering or mining operation on land. (© The material change of use of a building or land. Building operations which affect only the interior of a building or which do not materially affect the extemal appearance of building do not generally require planning permission. ‘The ‘exception o this is where works on Listed Buildings are involve. In this instance Listed Building Consent is required for both intemal and extemal works, and always where demolition is involved, whether in part or whole. 7.02 Change of use Te more common uses of buildings are classified by statute into ‘lasses which are detailed in Table VIL Planning permission is required for any change of use from one class to another; for example, from a funeral directors (ALf) to a soliito’s office (A2b). However, some changes from one class to another can be ‘made without permission, e.g. from A3 to Al of A2 but not the ‘other way round. Changes permitted in this way ate ones which would generally constitute an environmental improvement. 7.03 Conservation areas Certain areas, such as the centres of historic towns or areas of panicular environmental quality, are designated Conservation Areas. The controls in these areas are generally similar to those elsewhere, except with regard to demolition and permitted development rights. Furthermore, where permission is required, there is a duty that development must not harm the character or appearance of the Conservation Area (ie. undermine the reasons why the Conservation Areas was designated). Demolition of buildings or parts of buildings in a Conservation Area requires Conservation Area Consent 7.04 Permitted development Some categories of development enjoy permitted development rights. This means that some development can take place without permission from the local authority, The removal of some or all fof these rights can be undertaken by the local authority through the issuing of an Article 4 direction, Anicle 4 directions are ‘generally made where some environmental harm would be ‘caused if these rights were exercised (e.g. in Conservation ‘Areas). Consult the appropriate planning authority in each case to discover the local controls, Most permitted development rights1.14 Notation, éravig oes poste mensional coordination apply only to single-family dwelling houses, and relate to such matters as garden walls, porches, changes 10 windows, etc 8 REFERENCES: British Standards Institution BS 1192: Part I: 1984 Construction drawing practice, recom- ‘mendations for general principles BS 1192: Part 2: 1987 Construction drawing practice, recom- ‘mendations for architectural and engineering drawings BS 1192: Part 3: 1987(1993) Construction drawing. practice, recommendations for symbols and other graphic conventions BS 1192: Part 4: 1984 Construction drawing practice, recom- ‘mendations for landscape drawings BS 4484: Par 1: 1969 Measuring instruments for constructional works. Metric graduation and figuring of instruments for linear BBS 3606: 1990 Guide to accuracy in building [BS 6750: 1986 Modular co-ordination in building Intemational Organisation For Standardisation ISO 1791: 1973 Modular co-ordination ~ vocabulary 1SO 1006: 1973 Modular co-ordination ~ basic module 1SO 2848: 1974 Modular co-ordination — principles and rules ISO 1040: 1973 Modular co-ordination — multimodules for horizontal co-ordinating dimensions ISO R_ 1790: 1970 Modular co-ordination ~ reference lines of horizontal controlling coordinating dimensions ISO 1789; 1973 Modiular co-ordination ~ storey heights and room heights for residential buildings ISO 2776: 1974 Modular co-ordination ~ co-ordinating sizes for ‘door-sets external and intemal General Graphical aids for tolerances and fits: handbook for manu. facturers, designers and builders, Building Research Establish- ‘ment Report, London, HMSO, 1974