OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY EDITED BY OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSOXFORD ‘UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, 0x2 607, United Kingdom (Oxford University Pressis a department ofthe University of Oxford furthers the University’s objective of excellence i research, scholarships and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford isa registered trade mark of ‘Oxford University Pressin the UK and in certain ther countries {© Oxford University Press 2012 First Edition poblished in 982 Second Edition published in 3012 Second Edition reprinted with corrections 2015 2016 Impression: 6 Allights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in ‘retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, oras expressly permitted bylaw, by licence or under terms agreed withthe appropriate reprographics rights organization, Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent tothe Rights Department, Oxford University Press atthe address above ‘You must not circulate this workin any other form and you mast impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguingin Publication Data Dataavalable Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Dataavalable ISBN 978-0-19-gs80m1-6 Printed through CTPSCONTENTS ~ VOLUME I ~ Project Team Preface Publishers Note to the First Edition The Oxford Latin Dictionary: A Historical Introduction Bibliographical Guide 1 Authors and Works TI Supplementary List of Modern Collections, ete. Guide to the Dictionary LaTIN-ENGLISH Dicrionary A-L ~ VOLUME II ~ Bibliographical Guide 1 Authors and Works IL Supplementary List of Modem Collections, etc. LaTIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY M-Z Bae 1163PROJECT TEAM EDITORIAL STAFF, FIRST EDITION Editor P.G.W. Glare A. Souter 1933-9 W.M. Edwards 1950-68 JM.Wyllie 1933-54 J.D. Craig 1952-3 C.O.Brink 1938-42 C.L-Howard 1952-8 E.A.Parker 1939-46 G.E Turton 1954-70 €. Bailey 1939-57 R.H.Barrow 1954-82 Margaret Alford 1942-5 Sophie Trenkner 1955-7 J-Chadwick 1946-52 R.C.Palmer 1957-82 B.V.Shater 1947-9 G.M. Lee 1968-82 D.C. Browning 1949-50 D.Raven 1969-70 FOR THE SECOND EDITION Project Manager Della Thompson Editors and Proofreaders Alison Curr Liana Pike Juliet Field Jessica Rundell Ben Harris ‘Angus Stevenson Bryn Harris George Tulloch Andrew Hodgson Maurice Waite ‘Anne McConnell Donald Watt Cheryl Marlowe Academic Advisers Richard Ashdowne Tony Smith Leofranc Holford-Strevens Christopher Stray Robert A. Kaster Martin West Design Ruth Munro Production Controllers ‘Anya Aghdam Karen BunnPREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION “The Oxford Latin Dictionary is the largest and most up to date Latin-English dictionary available to- day. Covering classical Latin from its beginnings to the end of the second century a0, itis the standard ‘work for students, translators, and scholars of Latin. The dictionary contains 40,000 entries, 100,000 translations, and more than five million words of text, with some 415,000 citations from Latin sources. “The first edition was published as a single volume in 1982, but work on it had started in 1933 and continued for nearly fifty years. The text began appearing in fascicles or parts in 1968. For this second edition, the whole text has been captured electronically and the constituent parts of each entry tagged according to their function. This has resulted in a fully searchable database, enabling a considerable amount of standardization and harmonization of the original text, and the rechecking. of cross-references and bibliographical data. The Addenda and Cortigenda from the first edition have now been incorporated into the main text. “The text has been redesigned to make navigation through entries clearer. The treatment of variants has been rationalized, and citations for subsenses are now shown immediately after the relevant sub- sense rather than in one collected block. For the first time, the work is presented in two volumes for ease of use. Since work on the first edition began, English spelling and vocabulary have undergone many changes. We have taken this opportunity to update spelling to reflect current practice (particularly with regard to hyphenation), and where possible to replace archaic and obsolete usages with modern equivalents. ‘A new guide to the dictionary describes the conventions, symbols, and abbreviations used in the text, and provides a group of example entries with notes explaining their structure. This edition includes a specially commissioned essay on the history of the dictionary by Dr Chris- topher Stray, using OUP archive material and recording the background to the dictionary’s original compilation. Alongside his essay, we have also reproduced the Publisher's Note to the first edition, ‘which gives a fuller description of the scope of the work and its original editorial methods and prin- ciples. We are very grateful to Christopher Stray for his enthusiasm and encouragement throughout the project. Special thanks are due above all to Dr Leofranc Holford. Strevens, who patiently responded to hun- dreds of queries about the contents of the first edition and generously shared his wisdom on questions both simple and complex. DeLta THOMPSONPUBLISHER'S NOTE TO THE FIRST EDITION In May 1931 the Delegates of the Press instructed their officers to investigate the possibility of prepar- ingan entirely new Latin Dictionary. Some eighteen months later draft plans were being approved for the compilation of a dictionary independent alike of Lewis & Short on the one hand and of the The- saurus Linguae Latinae on the other, which would treat classical Latin from its beginnings to the end of the second century aD, and which was to be approximately one-third longer than Lewis & Short; the work was to be carried out by a staff directly responsible to the Delegates. Professor A. Souter of. the University of Aberdeen was appointed editor and Mr J. M. Wyllie was seconded from the Oxford English Dictionary as assistant editor. It was then estimated that such a dictionary would take twelve years to prepare. Full-time work began in 1933. The task of collecting quotations, which ultimately numbered about a million, was carvied out partly by the staftin Oxford and partly by some fifty outside volunteers work- ing in co-operation with the Oxford staff. This was effectively completed and a start made on editorial ‘work, but by 1939 it was clear that progress, whether measured in terms of quality or quantity, was ‘unsatisfactory. In that year Professor Souter retired from the editorship, and Dr Cyril Bailey, adelegate of the Press, and Mr Wyllie were appointed co-editors, with Dr Bailey asthe senior. Itis to Mr Wyllie that credit for the scheme of the dictionary and organization of work in the early years is principally due. His departure on military service meant that the hoped-for improvement in the rate of progress was necessarily postponed, though a skeleton staff under Dr Bailey kept the project alive. After the war work was resumed more actively and it was given further impetus by the appointment to the staff of Mr John Chadwick in 1946. In March 1949 Mr Wyllie was appointed sole editor and steps were taken to form an academic advisory committee. ‘Mr Wyllie’ editorship terminated in 1954; Mr P. G. W. Glare, who had joined the staff in 1950, became acting editor and was confirmed in that position a year later. fresh study of the situation at the time showed that a thorough revision of most ofthe edited material, including what had hitherto been thought ready for printing, would be necessary, and that the final work would substantially ex- ceed the limits originally laid down. The Delegates decided that efforts must be made to complete the Dictionary on the existing plan, though they authorized a further increase in length. From then on work proceeded smoothly, and sufficient progress was made for the Delegates to agree to the begin- ning of printing in 1965. In 1968 the first Fascicle of 256 pages appeared, with the promise of a further seven Fascicles at two-yearly intervals. This promise was kept, and the final Fascicle was published in February 1982 ‘The main burden of drafting articles was undertaken by those already mentioned, together with Mr C. L. Howard, Mr G. E. Turton, and Mr R. C. Palmer. Professor W. M. Edwards joined the staff in19s0 to read and criticize the drafted articles; he was joined in his task in 1954 by Mr R. H. Barrow, and later by Mr G. M. Lee. The revision of articles after reading was carried out by Mr Palmer and the ‘editor. The proofs were read by Mr Barrow, Mr Lee, Mr A. J. Barron and, in the earlier stages, by Mr A.J. Cornwell. ‘The Oxford Latin Dictionary is based on an entirely fresh reading of the Latin sources. It follows, {generally speaking, the principles of the Oxford English Dictionary, and its formal layout of articles is. similar. Within each section or sub-section, quotations are arranged in chronological order, the first example showing, where practicable, the earliest known instance of that particular sense or usage. ‘Accidents of transmission and the concentration of much of the available material within a very shortPUBLISHER'S NOTE TO THE FIRST EDITION space of time have, however, made it dificult to trace the history of many words; in consequence, not too much reliance should be placed on chronology in the arrangement of senses. “The later limit of the period covered by this dictionary is necessarily imprecise. In practice it means that most of the jurists quoted in Justinian’ Digest have been included, although they run over into the third century, while patristic writings from the last years of the sécond century have not been drawn upon. (A proposal thatthe Dictionary should be extended to include Christian Latin had been finally rejected in 1951.) A further complication is that there are many texts of uncertain date whose inclusion or rejection must be arbitrary. But within these limits an attempt has been made to treat thoroughly all known words from any source, literary or non-literary. In addition, proper names have been included where their intrinsic importance appears to warrant it, or where their inclusion was thought to help in the understanding of literary texts. Only brief etymological notes have been given; readers should refer to the standard etymological dictionaries for further information. The inclusion of articles on the principal sufixés used in word-formation is an innovation in Latin lexicographyy.THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION “The fist fascicle of OLD (A~Calcitro), published on 2 May 1968, must have surprised some readers, ‘since neither on its rich red soft covers nor on its ttle page was an editor named, though a List of Edi- torial Staff on page vi set out the names and working dates of seventeen scholars. The list followed a short Publisher's Note which gave a sketch of the dictionary’s history. This Note was, as will emerge below, as much a diplomatic as a historical statement, and is itself, over forty years later, part of the history of the dictionary. My own account, which involves reading between the lines of the note, will aim inter alia to explain why it was so much less expansive than the preface to the fist fascicle of the ninth edition of Liddell and Scots Greek-English Lexicon (192s)—hardly more than a page, to the latter’ nine." ‘The history of Latin-English and English-Latin dictionaries goes back to about 1500, the former concentrating on ‘hard words’ for which English speakers were thought to need special help? The universality of Latin as a medium of communication in early modern Europe meant that most dic- tionaries of both classical languages were written in Latin. It was only with the rise of nationalism and ‘vernacular publishing in the eighteenth century that this pattern began to be eroded. 1.J.G. Scheller’s Latin-German dictionary of 1783, which served as the ancestor of several nineteenth-century Latin~ English dictionaries, belonged to this new movement. Itwas drawn on by Wilhelm Freund for his own Latin~German dictionary (1834~45), which was later translated into English by the American Ethan ‘Andrews (1850). Andrews's dictionary in turn was enlarged and adapted by two other Americans, the lawyer Charlton T. Lewis and the classical scholar Charles T. Short, whose large Latin-English dic- tionary was published by Harper Bros of New York in 1879 as Harper's Latin Dictionary.® The book was published simultaneously in Britain as A Latin Dictionary by Oxford University Press, who printed it from plates shipped over from New York. This unusual procedure was adopted after the fallure of an Oxford project. Four years earlier, in 187s, Henry Nettleship of Lincoln College, Oxford, later to bbe Corpus Professor of Latin, and John Mayor, Kennedy Professor of Latin at Cambridge, had been commissioned to assemble a book based on a fresh reading of the sources; but Mayor failed to deliver, and Nettleship was unable to cope by himself. The Press did have stocks ofan earlier dictionary, John Riddle’ 1835 translation of Scheller’s Latin-German original, but they may have felt this to be out of date, and it was also a very large and expensive book.° So ‘Harper's Latin Dictionary’ (its American title) became ‘Lewis and Short’ Latin Dictionary’ ‘The story of OLD begins in 1921, when Mayor’ pupil Alexander Souter (1873-1949), apparently at the invitation of the Press's Secretary R. W. Chapman, submitted a memorandum complaining of the deficiencies of Lewis and Short and urging OUP to commission a comprehensive revision.” * Liddell nd Scott was published by OUP in ten fascles between p35 and ig. In the cae ofboth books, evidence contained in {ascicleshasbeen destroyed by the ripping oftheir covers and pln for rebinding a single volumes. ° For the content, se H, Sauer ‘Gosses, glossaries and dictionaries inthe medieval pein A. P. Cowie ed), The Osford History of English Lexicograpy (Oxford: OUP, 2009), La7-40- 3°] Considine, Dictionaries Early Madera Europe Lesicography andthe Making of Heritage (CambeSlg: CUP, 2008. 4 L.Febwe and H.-J. Martin, The Cont ofthe Book: The Inpac of Printing 14s0-afeo (London: New Left Books, 1976), 30-2 * Short was appropriately named: he supplied material ony on the leer A-C, and Band C were then lest by Harpers, so thatthe books published was almost entirely assembled by Lewis, whe was also cexponsbe fo the abeidged versions which followed. See FJ. Syphet A history of Harpers Latin Dicionary, Hareard Library Bullet, 20 (1972), 349-66 "Riddle had used the hid edition of Schell’ dictionary (8o4-s), which was pblishedin fre olames 7 "Memorandum on Lewis and Shorts Latin Ditoniry 3 June wat: OUP Archive, PBEdrs04a In his Hits Transat fom Lannie Englsh (London: SPCK, p10), 9, Souter had complained that Lewis and Shor sufleed (rom compression, poor English equivalents, and’ wtely utrustworthy'statementson the extent of usage of particular words. AccordingtoJ-M. Wylie Souter been sending OUP notes om eros inthe dictionary since about 197: Wyle, Vion of Truth. Book J, The Clarendon Pres (Orford: The7 ‘THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION ‘Souter, who had held the Oxford chair of New Testament Greek, was now Professor of Humanity (ie. Latin) at Aberdeen. He had produced a pocket lexicon of New Testament Greek in 1916. Like his master Mayor, Souter was fond of pointing out to his bewildered classes the inadequacies of Lewis and Short." The fist result was a commission in 1924 to produce a concise Latin dictionary, on which Souter was working in 929 when the Assistant Secretary of OUP, Kenneth Sisam, reviewed the Press's range of dictionaries. The Oxford English Dictionary had been completed in the previous year, while the revision of Liddell and Scott's Greek-English dictionary had been under way for nearly thirty years, and the fascicles ofthe new edition had been appearing since 1925,° OED had been assembled de ‘novo on the basis of a large-scale reading programme; the new Greek lexicon combined revision with fresh reading: which strategy should be adopted for Latin? The revision of Lewis and Short proposed by Souter in his 1921 memorandum, Sisam concluded, was out of the question, as the book was not ‘OUP’s property—the Press printed and sold it, but for North American sales paid 10 per cent royal- ties to the American Book Company, successors to Harper Bros. An entirely new dictionary was thus, desirable on both scholarly and economic grounds. The other presence inthe field was that ofthe The- saurus Linguae Latinae, a vast project first proposed in the early nineteenth century which after several false starts had got under way in 1894, supported by five German and Austrian academies." Its frst fascicle appeared in 1900, when Charles Cannan, then Secretary to the Delegates of the Press, won- dered whether OUP should ‘plunder or translate i, but it was knocked off course by two world wars; in 2010, having skipped over the letter N because of ts difficult entries (including non), it reached the end of the etter P. The forbidding scale and slow progress ofthe Thesaurus were in a sense reassuring, since they suggested that it could be discounted as a competitor to a single-volume dictionary. An abridged version had begun to appear in 1912, and might have dissuaded OUP from embarking on their own book, but the First World War intervened, its senior editor died, and the Press was left with a clear field." ‘Sisam consulted Souter, A. E. Housman (Professor of Latin at Cambridge 1911-36, and also famous as theauthor of A Shropshire Lad), and others on candidates for editorship of the new book. Housman replied: 1 do not think that anew Latin dictionary should be undertaken till the German Thesaurus is complete, 4s the duplication of labour would be cruel and wicked. But to remove the actual errors in Lewis and ‘Short, though no light task, shouldbe practical; and ifonly the false quantities were corrected, and ela- tive’ amended to ‘interrogative' inthe hundreds of places where it should be, that would be something, 1 ‘cannot say that | know a young exicographer. 'W.B. Anderson, Souter are names which suggest themselves."* Souter himself sent alist of three names, headed by his own; he gave his age (s6), but added help- fully that he came from a long lived family. The other two names were those of his brother-in-law 'W.B. Anderson (also named, as we have seen, by Housman), and his ex-pupil Ronald Burn, who later Barras See 196), 8, Foran exuberanly detailed account ofthe assembly of OLD, st J. . Henderson, ‘A1-2¥ THUM: DOMIMINA NUSTIO ILLUMEA, or Out withthe OLD (i9n-83) in CA. Stray (ed), Casal Dictonaris: Pas, Present and Future (London: Duckworth, 200) 199-78. © On Souter se R.J- Get, ‘Alenander Souter; Proceedings of he Bish Academy 361952), 385-68. > The revision was edited by (Sit) Heney Stat Jones, with the help of Roderick McKensi; fascicles were collected in 1940 in ‘wo volumes andlste ina single volume 2 For the history of TLL ste D. Koes (ed), Wie de liter ar Baum, so weccn de Wter: 10 Jahre Thesaurus lingua Latinas (Stangart/Lelpig Teubner 199); K. Coleman (e.),"The “Thesaurus LinguaeLatnae"and Classical Scolashpin he ast Century: Five Pecspctvs; Transaction ofthe American Phillie Asoxaton, 9 (2007), 473-507 C. Flow, Der Spiegel det Zeit: the Thesaurus Linguie Latinae an the story of modern Latin lexicography AB dissertation, Harvard University 201. Souter had sent material othe ‘Tazauras rom ts ete day: Gey, Souter (a8), 60. Vollmer and E. Bickel, Epitome Theaur Latin I: Aes (Leipeig:Teuboe, ps), planned to be completed in four volumes. Vollmer ded in 3. "Housman to R.W. Chapmar, 1s November 199, OUP Archive, PBEd 12941. The eters given herein fll having been discovered too ate tobe included in Archie Burnet The Ltrs of A. E. Housman (Oxford: OUP, 2007). Anderson succeeded Housman ip the ‘Cambridge Latin chair afer the ater’ death io 936 Se alto: Keine,’ E. Housman andthe hesauros Linguae Latina Housman ‘Soviet Journal 6 (2010), 64-78‘THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION a worked on the revision of Liddell and Scott"? In 1933 Souter was invited to edit the dictionary, with. the help of another ex pupil, James McLeod Wyllie. Souter was to work from Aberdeen, coordinat- ing the work of volunteer readers (who eventually numbered more than fifty), while Wyllie was to be based in Oxford. Wyllie had been hired to work on the OED Supplement in 1929: this was to be pub- lished during 933, so he would soon be available, and he was already seen by the Press as a promising young scholar who had absorbed the principles of Oxford lexicography from William Craigie of the OED." The OLD project was thus conceived of from the beginning in relation to other OUP diction- aries, Sisam had pointed out to the Press's Finance Committee in 1932 that ‘When Liddell] & Sc{ott] is done, payable or really payable dictionaries, which are our speciality, will be exhausted except for Latin. twill be very awkward if, eg, Cambridge, looking for a new field, ook up a Latin Dictionary ‘and so cut us outall along the line’ The move forward in 1933 thus combined three separate concerns: to replace Lewis and Short, to occupy the field of Latin lexicography so as to discourage competition, ‘and to retain the services of the Press's most talented young lexicographer after the end of the OED. project. ‘The links with OED deserve to be emphasized. By 1930 the Press was unique as a publisher in its lexicographical resources. Since the early days of OED in the 1880s it had built up both an unpar- alleled wealth of lexicographical expertise and a substantial in-house dictionary department. It also had a dedicated working space, the Dictionary Room in the Old Ashmolean Museum, which the OLD team took over in 1933 from the group which had worked on the OED Supplement.'* It was this lexicographical tradition which was passed from English to Latin through Craigie’s training of James ‘Wyllie, who in 193s was given glowing endorsements by Chapman and Sisam.'® On occasion Wyllie referred to himself as ‘Lexicographer to the University of Oxford’ No such post existed, but Wyllie ‘was certainly the Press’ main in-house consultant on lexicography; at one time or another he worked ‘or advised on dictionaries of English and several foreign languages, as well as on Latin.” In terms of lexicographical practice, the tradition Wyllie inherited centred on the technique of ‘slipping’ the use ‘of paper slips filled in by the Oxford team or their volunteer readers, sorted and filed into drawers, and then sent tothe Press's compositors for printing, Wylie himself developed ths tradition, first by using. colour-coded slips with paper bands for holding them together, then in 1942 by designing and making sorting boxes for slips.'* The system was described by the Polish lexicographer Marian Plezia, who. paid several visits to the Dictionary Room, and whose account refers to a photograph reproduced in the OUP journal The Periodical: “The photo shows clearly the wooden shelves on which there are endless stacks of card (tied with string) containing excerpts which constitute the material of the dictionary... We trust we do not betray any ‘editorial secrets’ if we reveal thatthe text of the OLL:D. is set dzectly from these cards (which are white in colour)... Before they are sent tothe printing room, the white cards ae interleaved with similar pink 9 In spite ofa physial disability and poor map-reading cil, Barn is imed by some to have bee the frst person to scale ll the "Monro" Seotish mouatains over 200 fet high. See Henderson At-ZYTHUM (a7), 171.036 "Wyle was ad of prt in the best Scomish tradion: he was the son of labourer, nd had sen from poverty through intl trnce and hard work, endighis education as an outstanding student at Aberdeen Univer. He had been awarded a three-year Croom Roberson fellowship at Aberdeen (g3-3) to prepare alercon tothe works of Salus; this was completed i 936, but a that pont, according to Wi, Sisam, whe had originally suggested that it could be plished refsed to consider. "8 The Dictionary Room had housed OED stafsince Henry Bradley and Willa Craghead moved therefrom the Clarendon Press, bulking in 90 "Slam declare that‘ am sure he willbe the outstanding general lexicographer ofthe net generation; and Chapman refered 0 ‘areaonable probabity tha sf his sevics ae retained he will be for fea scholarly compiler of gest value comparable with Murray ‘ansel (St James Murray editor of OED). CE. Henderson Av-2YTHUM' (0.7), ° Insecogntion ofthis work, in19y the unversity gave him an honorary MA, ad he was given membership ofthe senior common 00m at Ball College: On Wyllie’ work for OED, se C. Brewer, Tease Howe of the Language: The Living OED (New Haven: Yale ‘University Press, 2007), 80-6. '™ J ML Wpllie, The Osford Dictionary Slender: The Greater Scondal i the While Hory of Scholar (St Andrew’, Guerasey: The Barat Ser 1963), 66-7. The bones, some ingle and some double, were variously mad from mahogany, ca, and dea. A doeble box 5 ssn use bythe team working oa the Ditonry of Medial Lain rom Briish Sources, wove fst fscice appeared in 975 the ter S ‘was reached in 310. On the eal history of slipping, see A. Bla, Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information bfore the Modern ‘Age (New Haven: Yale University Pres 2010), 69-10% 210-26; } Considine, "Cating ad Pasting in Early Modern Information Manage- rent frthcomingin W. Sherman, Fleming, and A. Smyth eds.), The Renasane Colliexi ‘THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION cones, which contain anything that is editorial inthe text ofthe dictionary... By cutting out the interme- diate tage of a typescript... an important set of errors is thus eliminated.” “The function of slips in reducing errors of transmission between compilers and printers was further ‘enhanced by another of Wyllie'sinnovations, the use of dozens of copies of Oxford Classical Texts, cut up so that words and passages could be marked.?° ‘The Press's contract with Souter specified that he would be assisted by Wyllie in producing a dictionary which would cover Latin literature up to about the death of Suetonius. Sisam helpfully commented, ‘I believe the date is not certainly known’ (it was c. AD 140). In practice the dictionary’s coverage extended to c. AD 200. The avoidance of later Latin removed from the task not only the works of the church fathers Jerome and Augustine, whose bulk at least equalled that ofthe classical writers, but also those of the classicizing poets Ausonius and Claudian. It was motivated in part by Souter’s desire to avoid competition with another of his ex-pupils, JH. Baxter, who was preparing a dictionary of later Latin for the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge. Souter, accord ing to his contract, was to finish the concise Latin dictionary in the next three years, the timetable for the larger work being set at ten years. Like most initial estimates for such large-scale works, this proved to be wildly optimistic. By 1937, when Souter retired from Aberdeen to Oxford to concen- trate on his work for OUP, it had become clear that he would never finish the concise dictionary" In the following year he was asked to provide OLD sample entries for assessment by Press advisers, ‘whose verdict on his specimen of accipio was damning. First William Craigie wrote that ‘Even the ‘old Freund-Andrews was superior in every way to this, then C. J. Fordyce of Glasgow University concluded that the specimen was ‘one of the worst pieces of work on Latin that I have ever seen Asa dictionary itis useless? No wonder that R. W. Chapman, Secretary to the Delegates of the Press, wrote to the Oxford Latinist Cyril Bailey, a Delegate since 920 and a crucial advisory figure in the Press's classical publishing, “The speech of the Second Murderer is even bloodier than its predecessor” In July 1939 Souter was persuaded to resign as editor of OLD, and in compensation was employed to edit a glossary ofater Latin? At this point Wyllie understandably expected to be put in sole charge, but instead the Delegates appointed Cyril Bailey, well known in Oxford as an academic diplomat and conciliato, to collaborate with him under the title of Senior Co-Editor.* Internal tensions in the OLD team prompted the re- moval of some of its members to a house near the Press buildings, to work under Bailey's direction; the rest stayed in the Dictionary Room, reporting to Wyilie** Some ofthe tensions related to Charles Brink, a German Jewish refugee who had been appointed to the staff in 1938: Wyllie felt that Brink, who had spent five years working for the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, brought with him a methodical rather than an intuitive approach to lexicography.* Brink and Wyllie were on good terms at first, but 1 MPlei“Oxford Latin Dictionary, fase, A-Caleteo Eos, 59 (1978), 177-80, pa Plz ws the editor ofa Latin-Polih dc- tionary (s vols, 1949-79), and fom 9s uti is reurement in 988 ofa Polish dictionary of medieval Latin which by v0 had reached ‘eighth volume ad the word septmanc. The ard’ were in fact pape sips. 2» Insome cases this prevented the use ofa superior ext asin the case of Virgil where the established use of FA. Hitels OCT of. 19c0 made it impossible to use R.A. B Mynors replacement of 969. smaller book stl the Lite Latin Dictionary; had been proposed by Wylifn 93, In December 1935 he supplied a sample page which Sam found extaordnarly cone & business:-ie’ Wyllie wat pid £003 yar to work on ti ie own ime, but found i limporible to continue andin November 93 asked forthe payments tobe stopped. OUP Archive, CPE Henderson As-ZYTHUM (0), 159. Souter appatatl aimed that he had attembled the dictionary material lost single- banded, having supplied over 27.200 slips (Gey, Souter’ (8), 268). By a7 almost milion sips had been completed. * Ths was eventually published just afer Souter’ death as AGlosery of Later Latin 1600 AD (Oxford: OUP, 949), and covered the period between the end datesof OLD and of Lewis and Short (200-600). Afer Souter’ death an OUP oficial noted that "The ecord of ‘Souter’ ast years 2 pathetic one of filing powers and uncurbedexpenditre! The late Professor Souter’: OUP Archive, PBEA 12933, fimace file 2°] Henderson, "The "Euripides Red” sels; in C. A. Stray (c.), Clascal Books: Schlarehip and Publahing i Britain since 1800 (London: Institute of Chia Studies 2007) 43-75 a pp-146-7. There had been longhistory of disgreement and posesiveness over furniture and working space i the Dictionary Room. Wy ie had satfored from it when he fst arrived in Oxford in 31, when he was given apecubary dy table Ser to Chapans, 12 Feb 193: OUP Archive, PBEA 3974. Another staffmember,E-A.Paker, fered in 943 0 Brak totalitarian lxicography Such comments reflect an antipathy toa perceived Teutonic sje of cholrship, commen fn Brisa in the upg sit had been during the Fst World War Brink went onto be‘THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION x later fell out, and it was probably Brink's declaration that they could not work together amicably that prompted the splitting of the OLD team.” To escape from this difficult situation, on the outbreak ‘of war Wyllie volunteered for active service, although he was in a reserved occupation. After a short period in the Artillery, he was recruited by the code-breakers of Bletchley Park and there, ever the lexicographer, assembled a glossary of cryptographic terms, He was also commissioned by the Press. to produce a dictionary of English synonyms. At Bletchley Park he met John Chadwick, then a Cam- bridge undergraduate and later to be famous for his part in the deciphering of Linear B* Chadwick ‘was recruited to the OLD team in 1946, trained by Wyllie, nd soon seen as the most promising repre- sentative of the next generation of Oxford lexicographers. Wyllie’s hope was that Chadwick would be successively his assistant, colleague, and finally successor.” ‘After the war, work was resumed and the prospect of completion seemed closer. Sisam, who had succeeded Chapman as Secretary in 1942, was himself succeeded in 1948 by Arthur Norrington, who in March 1949 formally appointed Wyllie editor of the dictionary, telling him “You have in fact been acting in the capacity of editor-in-chief for a long time past’ °° Wyllie proposed the setting up of a panel of specialist consultants, and also a Latin Dictionary Committee to monitor progress. The com- mittee, consisting of Delegates, Press officers, and the OLD editor, met several times a year from May 19st. Its members included Roger Mynors, a Balliol man who was currently Kennedy Professor of Lat- in at Cambridge, but who returned to Oxford in 1953 to succeed Eduard Fraenkel in the Corpus chai, ‘Mynors pressed for the abandonment ofthe AD 200 cutoff date and the inclusion of material from the following four centuries. This was at frst agreed, but in 1952 Chadwick left fora permanent academic post in Cambridge, and the Press concluded that staffing was insufficient to cope with the extra work involved. Another major decision, taken unanimously in October 1952, was that a printing timetable should be planned. Norrington had consulted William Craigie, who had advised that ‘the compilers of dictionaries always worked faster and more efficiently once they had to keep up with the Printer ‘and had the satisfaction of seeing the book in the making instead of just a distant prospect" At this. ppoint it was estimated that the dictionary could be published in annual parts over the next eight years. In the same year Wyllie’ situation became very difficult. The cost of raising a family and living in Oxford had left him in debt, and the resultant anxiety led to debilitating intestinal cramps. These ‘pressures in turn led to an experience of heightened consciousness in the first weekend of October, in which Wyllie believed he had had a revelation of Truth and God. In the following week he sent Norrington a lengthy memorandum giving a detailed account of his difficulties with the Press, and in particular with Kenneth Sisaro.* This led to a series of difficult interviews and exchanges, and in the following year, after a brief spell in the local psychiatric hospital and several months’ leave, Wyllie was dismissed from his position by the Press. It was a sad end to twenty years of work and struggle.” With both Wyllie and Chadwick gone, the Delegates turned to Peter Glare, who had joined the dic- tionary team in 1950, to see the book through to publication. Glare had come from Cambridge, where his director of studies at Jesus College, who gave him a glowing reference, was Hugh Lloyd-Jones, like ‘Mynors an émigré from Oxford; he returned there in 1951 and was Regius Professor of Greek 1960- 89. Wyllie very much approved of Glare, writing to Norrington that he had ‘the healthy easy-going Kennedy Profesor of Latin at Cambridge (954-74). aleyto Chapman 18 May ys: OUP Archive, PBEd 203 Wyle beevedthat Bika complained of hi staff management 0 Bally Ord Dictionary Sanden (018), 106-7 2 On Chadwicks oe inthe dcgherment eA. Robinson, The Mon who Dcphered Lina The Story of Michael Venti (Lan- dons Thames Hudson, 1203). He ater concentated on Grek rater han Latin: we his Leographie Grace Contin (the Lenora of Ancet Grek (Onferd OUP, 196). 2 yee wif 9 Oct 94s (Wylie paper). Aer Wye death ny, Chad wot emer neice which eso 0 CCoka Roberts Secretar of OUP, bt afer seing Roberts deal eiicans decided att publah i. > Noringion to Wyle 9 Mae 94 OUP Archive, PBEA 394 2 inate of Latin Ditonary Commies, 6 Oct: OUP Archive, PBEM 1547, Wy had pressed erro pitng begin: Nowington to We, 29 Oxt.1949 (OUP Archive, PBEA 2943) Wyliaterpubished hss The Unonvered Memoranduro the Clarendon Pres Shown Up (Oxted The Bars Ser, 99). 2 netween 54 ad is death nar accident in, We weote pd tributed along ee of pages tacking OUP aod tservants, sme af them posted envelopes whch themselves bore zcsstory inscriptions The Deaton of thee pamphlets Was The Orjod Dison Landes (038 sb.” ‘THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION outlook of the sportsman; which is one of the best counterpoises to the intenseness which isso apt to beset the lexicographer:™ The official estimate, one of many triumphs of optimism over experience, ‘was now that seven to ten years would be needed for completion. Re-examination of the existing ar- ticles showed that cutting was needed to bring the text down to a manageable size. Glare also felt that apart from the work done by Wyllie and Chadwick, most ofthe articles needed revision. Chadwick's departure was symptomatic of a long-standing problem in finding scholarly staff who were willing to give up the prospects of higher pay and better job security in the university sector. Nor was scholar- ship enough: as Wyllie had often stressed, to make a good article one also needed training in lexicog- raphy. After the long and troubled history of the previous twenty years the Press was determined that the book's publication should run to a guaranteed timetable, and though there is evidence for the imminence of the firs fascicle in 1956 it did not appear until 968, when about two-thirds of the mate- rial was judged to be in final shape. Seven more fascicles followed at regular intervals, the final fascicle appearing in 1982, when the OLD was published asa single volume of 2150 pages.»* ‘The publication of the first fascicle, A~Calcitro, posed a problem for the Press. Their normal proce- dure would have been to give editorial names on the title page, but this would have meant acknow- ‘edging Wyllie, who was at this point still circulating anti-OUP pamphlets. In order to circumvent the problem, the title pages of the first three fascicles carried only the dictionary’ ttle, the Press's arms, the words ‘At the Clarendon Press, and the date. Only in the fourth fascicle, published in 1973 after ‘Wyllie's death, was Peter Glare named as editor. The first two fascicles carried a Publisher's Note giv- ing a short account of the book's history; this was dropped from later fascicles, but resuscitated for the single-volume publication in 1982. The note is a minor masterpiece of mandarin prose in which juxtaposition is artfully employed: ‘By 1939 it was clear that progress, whether measured in terms of quality or quantity, was unsatisfactory. In the same year Professor Souter retired from the Editorship! A ssimilar reference to Wyllie comes later on: “Mr Wyllie's editorship terminated in 1954. A fresh study of the material showed that a thorough revision of the material, including what had been thought approximately ready for the printer, would be necessary’ As Wyllie wrote in a pamphlet issued soon afterwards, “The innuendo is plain:** He was then teaching at a girls’ school in Guernsey, and was provoked to write his pamphlet when some of his pupils showed him a recent issue of The Guardian Containing a review of the first fascicle by Christopher Driver. Driver wrote with inside knowledge, ‘mentioning for example that an earlier pamphlet of Wyllie’, a verse epic entitled The Clarendon Press (1958), displayed ‘such strong and curious passions’ that it had been read aloud twice a term by a group of Balliol undergraduates.”” Reviews of the first fascicle in academic journals were overwhelmingly favourable, In Greece & Rome R. H. Barrow, founding editor of the journal and a former Inspector of Schools for Classics, welcomed the enterprise and sketched a historical context, from Scheller through Andrews to Lewis ‘and Short." In the Classical Review the Cambridge classical scholar and bibliophile E.J. Kenney, while giving along list of detailed criticisms, praised both the advance on Lewis and Short and the produc- tion values: “The printer ... must be congratulated on a technical tour de force... he has managed to produce a page of three columns on thin paperin predominantly small type that is not only legible but positively a pleasure to contemplate’ > ipllie to Norington, 36 Feb. nso: OUP Archive, PBEd i294. In 21, oversinty years afer he bogan his work on OLD, Peter Gace continues to work on Latin exicography as amember ofthe tem producig the Dictionary of Medieval Latin from Brith Source 2 Thetasiles continued to be sol separately til hey weat out of pint in 987/8. > J. M. Wyle An Adace Specimen ofthe Forthcoming Part our of THE GREAT BETRAYAL or The Faro cece (St Peter Pot, Guernsey: The Author 1968), 31 °C Driver ‘AtoCakito The Guardian,» May 968 7 Wylie 958 pamphlet, lke most f hit ouput in his gente, is held in Aber deen University Library, Special Coletons, MS 326. > Barrow could fly be called ar OUP insider: he had acted aan advisor othe Press had been a member ofthe OLD team since sand was abo Coli Roberts’ fara E J. Kenney, Dimidium qui coept abet; CR ns 20 (970), 91-4Ineevlewsof the next two facile (Clas Reviw ns 3 (179), 93-510834 (ior) 88-90), he compared OLD withthe Thesarusfndingthe former more lebly organized bt times over subtle ia its Astinctons,‘THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION i Kenney’s major criticisms were related to the exclusion of Latin literature after AP 200 (he men- tioned specifically Ausonius and Claudian) and the almost exclusive use of Oxford Classical Texts, which in some cases had meant that the best available texts had not been employed. Kenney also regretted in 2 footnote (p. 93) the decision not to mark vowels unless they occurred in a metrically indeterminate position. This lack of marking of "hidden quantities’ remains a common criticism of OLD: The editorial decision seems to have been taken in the early stages of the project, and it is unclear what led to it, though in 1969 Peter Glare commented that ‘it was felt that the area of dispute --Was So great that it would be best to omit them!" ‘Two other editorial decisions were less controversial. For the first time in a Latin dictionary, articles ‘were included on word suffixes (another innovation of Wyllie’), so that one finds, for example, the sequence anus’, anus, anus’, -anus, the lst being a suffix, as in Romanus. One reviewer thought this ‘akkind of didactic experiment, and a whimsical one at that, but possibly useful!" The other decision wasto return to the ancient alphabet, in which I and U were used for both vowels and consonants, and therefore to abolish J and V.*” This decision followed the usage of the Oxford Classical Texts (1898-), for which Charles Cannan had laboured to provide a standard style, though some editors had stuck to ‘y'for consonantal ‘u! While the reception of OLD was generally positive, in some quarters its authority made ita tar- get for scholars keen to measure their scholarship against it. In 1983 the Cambridge Latinist F. R. D. Goodyear published an almost entirely negative review of the completed dictionary, complaining of excessive multiplication of categories and of missing evidence from post-AD 200 authors whose work included earlier material." Goodyear’s characteristically heated criticisms derived in part from dis- cussions with another Cambridge scholar, H. D. Jocelyn, who also disagreed in print with the diction- ary. The two men were accustomed to ‘sit disparaging it endlessly, as one scholar has said: it may be pertinent to note that both were Cambridge-trained, and that there was a long-standing Cambridge tradition of denigrating the textual scholarship of Oxford classicists, Benjamin Jowett being a notable target. The critical comments of Goodyear and Jocelyn are reminiscent of the brutally disparaging reviews published by A. E. Housman. By the time the first fascicle appeared in 1968 a stable team had been established, as the List of Edi- torial Staff shows: two of them, R. H. Barrow and R. C. Palmer, had joined in the 1950s and worked ‘on the book till it was complete.“® G. M. Lee's working dates (1968-82) indicate that he was hired to read the proofs of the fascicles. Mervyn Lee (1915-86) was a learned eccentric who after a fine un- dergraduate career in Cambridge had failed to keep a teaching post at Downside, He worked on the OLD proofs in the public libraries of Bedford, accompanied by suitcases full of books borrowed from academic libraries in Cambridge.” Another learned eccentric who read the proofs of the dictionary was A. H. Buck (1900-87), according to OUP convention not named in the Publisher's Note because he worked in the Press's Printing House. Buck was taken on after being sacked from Christ's Hospital, where he had taught both Peter Glare and E. J. Kenney. One of his colleagues remembered him as a © Inverse a ylbleis"heay'ifit ends wth to consonants (eg -act); ence the length ofthe vowel cannot be determined fom reading, One neds to know eg fom etymology, thatthe ain ats (rom ag) slong, though in agit hor. 7... Glare, leer tothe editor, Grece& Rome, 16 (969), 173 * G. Luck ‘Oxford Latin Ditionsry American Journal of Philology, 15 (i984), 91-100 ap 9% "The decision was Souter, made in 133 and approved by Sis in alta to him of May that year (OUP Archive, PBES 12940), ‘The history of and w/vislongand complicated: se, for ample, DG. Scragg, Hier of English Spling (Manchester: Manchester UP, 2974), 3. The ist exicographer of English (one can hardly cal him an English lescographer) to ditingush I from Jand U from V was Noah Webster in is Canpendius Dictionary ofthe Eng Language (806: is yplely forthright denunciation ofhis predecessors ‘eatp xxothis preface). “+ Goodyea' review originally appeared ia Frocedngsofth African Clas Asociatons 7 (98), 24-46 but is more esl aces: sible his Collected Papers in Latin Literature K. Coleman eal (London: Duckworth, 992), 381-7. The final sentence reads, Tis ‘nota very good dictionary "The article on cinadus wat erticiaed i Jocelyn ‘Calls, Marmara and Romulus ciseds, Sen, 3 (1998) 97-3, where he 2 (p-109.79) that ‘lder dcionanies da beter ob ‘Richard Palmer later worked onthe fouth volume ofthe OED Supplementbfore becoming editor ofbotanical tems forthe New ‘Shorter Osfnd Engh Dictionary, which was published i995. © B.Considine (ed), George Mereyn Le: Portrait (Bedford: Vitor Pres, 003) Leet shown wit his sutassin Pate XIV.mi ‘THE OXFORD LATIN DICTIONARY: A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION ‘man learned in Latin and Greek, and also in cricket and rugby, from whose reader's cubbyhole oaths could be heard as he encountered foolish errors in the proofs he was reading: a man ‘whose favourite word shymed with his surmame'*® “The print run for the eight fascicles was 8,000. After its initial complete publication in 1982 the dic- tionary was reprinted a dozen times, most recently in 2002, with the 1996 reprint incorporating some detailed corrections. In the decade 1998-2007 sales exceeded 10,000 copies. In the same period the ‘old warhorse Lewis and Short, unrevised since its first publication in 1879, sold nearly s,000 copies, and it too was reprinted in 2002. This may seem surprising, but there are several reasons for it. First, as. swe have seen, OLD's coverage ends at AD 200, while Lewis and Short takes in another four centuries. ‘Second, the older book is less than hal the price of its successor. Finally, though Lewis and Short is. in many ways outclassed by OLD, itis widely used as a convenient desk reference by those for whom itis not ideal, but is good enough. The baby of the Lewis and Short family, the Elementary Latin Dic- tionary (1891), is still on sale in 2011, but the market for small Latin dictionaries is now dominated by new compilations. OUP itself commissioned a book from James Morwood, then Head of Classics at Harrow School, partly in response to the appearance of OLD: this appeared as the Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary (1994), later also published in a smaller format as the Oxford Latin Mini Dictionary (1995). ‘The intermediate version of Lewis and Short, the Schoo! Latin Dictionary of 1889, was last reprinted in 1964, and went out of print in 1974. In an age when so much linguistic enquiry takes place via the Internet, the print dictionary market is polarized between large and (very) small books. In the longer term the later are likely to be the survivors, as large projects migrate to the Web. ‘Since the publication of the first fascicle of OLD in 1968, both dictionaries and books in general have become distinct subjects of interest and study. It has been recognized that their texts are not produced in a vacuum, but have histories, and that these histories involve not only authors, but also publishers, printers, and readers.” Books are material objects produced for profit, but in many cases ‘not just for profit: so much is evident in the history of Oxford University Press, which in the twentieth century became one of the largest general publishers in the UK, while remaining, as it does today, a department of Oxford University. In this brief account of the history of OLD I have attempted to ex- plain how it was planned, assembled, published, and received by readers and reviewers, and to situate it within its publisher's output and in relation to other works which offered models for imi avoidance. As Ihave suggested above, the crucial reference points for OLD were the foreign, different, and conveniently slow-moving Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, the massive and exemplary in- house methodological resource of the Oxford English Dictionary, and somewhere between these two, ‘not our book’ and yet seen as ‘our book’ by several generations of readers, the long-established Lewis and Short. CHRISTOPHER STRAY My thanks to the following for information and advice: Jim Adams, Richard Ashdowne, John Considine, Katharine Davis, Eleanor Dickey, Peter Gilliver, Peter Glare, John Henderson, Leofranc Holford-Strevens, Bev- erley Hunt, [an Jackson, Bob Kaster Joshua Katz, Ted Kenney, Martin Maw, James Morwood, Angus Steven- son, Graham Whitaker, and James Wyllie, to whom I owe special thanks for giving me access to the papers of his father J. M. Wyllie. sefranc Holfor-Strevns, quoted in M. Belson, On the Pres: Through the Eyes ofthe Craftsmen at Csfod Unversity Pres (Witney Robect Boyd 309), 102 Buck eters to Edmund Blunden form the bass of. Z. Rothkopt and B. Webb (es), More than a Brother Coreapondencebetwcen Edmund Bladen and Hector Buck, 117-1967 (London: Sexton, 1936). "Foc the history of books see S. Eliot and J. Rose (e.), A Companion tothe History ofthe Book (Onford: Blackwell, 2007) and [MF Suacer and H.R. Woudhuysen (eds), The Oxford Companion othe Baok (Oxford: OUP, 2 vol. 210) For dictionaries, . MCAT. ‘har, Wolds of Rlerence:Lexcgraply Learning and Langue om te Clay Tablet tothe Computer (Cambridge: CUP, 1986); Green Chasing the Sun: Dicionar-Males andthe Dictionaries Tey Made (London: Cape 1996); S. Landa, Dictionaries: The Art and Cr of Lesiogrphy (Cambridge: CUP, and edn. 2001); and H. Bein, The Lexcography of Elk: From Origins to Present (Oxford: OUP, 2ove)-On dictionaries of Latin and Grek, see Stay, Clas! Dictionaries... (London: Duckworth, 210)BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE I AUTHORS AND WORKS “The references given in column 1 are normally the last possible for each work. This will make clear which system of chapter, paragraph, etc, division, or of pagination, is being followed, where two or more exist. Authors used as secondary sources are printed in lower case while square brackets around ‘an author's name indicate dubious ascription. ‘he full form of post-classical or modern collections, anthologies, etc, is given in the Supplementary List (II) below. The abbreviations for these are usually printed with lower-case initial (e.g, anth., poet., trag.). In the indication of date, Roman numerals refer to centuries. In the description of Editions used, OCT, T, and L refer to Oxford Classical Texts (Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis), Bibliotheca Teubneriana, and the Loeb Classical Library re- spectively. The editions cited are normally those used for the original excerpting of material. Impor- tant changes in later editions have been taken into account wherever possible. Anenaviarion Namr oF Avruon Teru2 oF Wows Dare Eoimiow ‘Ace post 36 (38) Le Aecias ose. ts 8e roc 42 frag 696 ‘et Triumph 7 (CIL 190) ‘Acta Trumphala ‘AnD. Pot 3.6 Valerius Aeditass eine ‘Aetna 546 before an 6s Poste Latin! Minoces Vollnee T exe Apna com.a32 Le Atenas bewose ‘Avnic dig. sou608 Sex Caecios Aficanue ap (oid) ‘Aces grin. pst Agennins Vbicus Wan (eaty) ‘Aur dig soueoy Alfons Varus con spe pms ‘sr 502 L Ampetios Lier Memorials tap Assmann T 93s ‘Ana. com. 1 Lilo Andronicus ce nternos ve pees Bagat Anan. poe 34 Anotanus aan ‘Annus ont s TT. Annius Lascus cos. asp ae ‘er Fr. p36(063N) ‘Antoninus Pas Emp so ist-6 seo. ‘An An 10 M.Antonias etesoae see Cie. At ‘Av-Ciavp.Puvew.grem.3 Applies Cladus Paleher a ‘avn poe 24 ‘Appies Claudius Caecus co. 307, 29636 ‘Apnis como Apes noted i Varro ‘Arve. Apo 19 ‘Apaeioe Beaming Hein Tigis Fos Helen T ps Met ze Hein T Mn 38 Thomas oak Thomas Tio pee Sev TromsT ‘Ana. poet.2 ‘Aeon So tie of Auguste ‘ane. PL Tre. Argomentom Plu ete, post Platine see. {arioaay dated) ‘Ans hit7 LArrotios come ‘Ase. Carnr3 QAtconis Pediat in Corneanam 9 0c-aD 76 ‘Clu OCT 507 Mics ‘in louanam| Pais In Pisorianamae BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE Name oF Aurnon Torts oF Wore Dare Eoirton Seas ‘i Scauranam Tents in oraionem in toga candida Ase hi. 34 Serpronis Aselio AS.Gat port Asia Gallas ‘Arnrus grams 1 Atios Practexator Arcam alias ‘Artacom 24 F-Qinetian Ata poets ‘Aur gram. 3 Autos hae ‘Av. Ane 643 CCules Coes Octavian Monunsentumn Ancyrimim — 6) C-AD 14 henberg& Jones (Chogutes) Ont 94 hist. 20 pos. AvOUR. pot 8 Sentus Augsinus a (cay) ‘AugustC.D. 3230 Aaelve Angusinas de Conta Det no sse-a3e DombareT 892 (Sc Aogusine) ‘Avr. Fo. pial nN) 2M. Areas Astonious emp.aDiteito wee Feo, ports ‘Ava. O7 gram ‘Aurelius Opi wise ‘Avr pot 33 ‘Ais Austes 00 Baus At 3342 L.Cornetos Balbus cos 4036 see Cie At. Bats grom.puotla Balbus time of Taian Baia. Orr At 9703 see Bats. At/Opy hat see C1 Art Bas. am. 10 Gaui Bass ine Bas. pet. 10 (Ceesins Basis tap Raho de Belo Afico e408 see Cats. Co. Ble 78s de Belle Alerandino cone see Cass. Co. B Hip 939 de Bele Hispanenst exon see Cans. Co. 1M, Poros Bibaculs broase ‘A DompeaeBthyoias rat 4536 see Cie. Fam, Beow. ed Br 236 (Me tnins Bras seane se C1. a Brat ror. iues ‘Mtoe Betas fine (ate) Baur. Cas. Fem 4 see BRUT UCAS. se C1 Far Bac Bins 238 BacolesEesdlensia time of Nero see CaLR Ed, (Caren com. 294 Canis Statios assene (Cavern, Fam 66 A. Caecioa fc see Cie Fam, 1M, Cetae Rae tae eee Cie. Ate ee Cie am Cn, Aruens Cols Sbiaut cos a0 69 {Q Seruins Capo agence Calas Caesar eroo ee te see Cie. At de Ballo Csi ‘da Pontet OCT 1920 Balle Glico ‘du Pontes OCT 100 Cassa in Gel é(r)s4 LCase Vindex a0 ats) Catan. ona. 13 M.Caioe ret 5786 CaricutainSuet Cal sss C. CaserAugusts aaa ‘Germanic Ca dp soussaea Caliceratas carrey Coun Dest Calpuenos Flaccus Declamationes a0 Lehner T p09 TCalpamineSicolse ——Eeogae inp (mid) Giaratano Turin one 1. Calpuris Piso Frogs conssy ne (Linas Macer Calan Beare P.cannatas ine CAteus Capo con as Carenin Gass Flavius Caper ao Canno oat 9 .Papcas Carbo conno ne ‘Canso AR oat 3 Paps Catto Aruna 4 (eaey)BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE Nase on AurHox ‘Terta o» Wonk. Dare arm. Bll Ae. 67 (Carmen de Bello Aegyptiaco —contemp. Ovid ‘BeehensT trp (Carm. Nees (app) Carmen Nele tise (Carm.Sl a (poet pS) Carmen Slae certain Cas. Ram. ss94 C-Cassus Loginas dase see Cie am Case. tans A.Caceaoe 3c (eat) Cas, Sev. tn Quit Int nuast— Cassus Severus cao Cassius Parnes (Casa Parmensis ine i Sot. Aug 42 cao Age ss | M Portus Cato Age Cabra ae GoetsT gas Dee x0)) Dieta Memoria Jordan Lepaig b6o Eps) Epinue Jordan Leia to Lss()) bets Fata ‘Jordan Lapa itso 43 ne 749) Mins) eRe datac Jordan Lepaig 860 Mor 30) ‘Carmen de Moribor Jean Lapa 1880 caro Fam. 1553 M, Porins Cato Viens ssca9nc see Cr Fam Caro nep.omt3 (.Poreus Cato eonane Coron. uss (CVaeros Cartes tee 49 Mynors OCT 1958 Crs. ass A. Cornelis Claas conterp. Tiberias Marx Leipig sts Cais. dig sounsnn AouentiusCeleus cos. Ih aD 39 Cha. psnk Flas SosipterCharsios Ars Grammtica wa Barwick Topas ie Ae 8 M.Tollus ieero ‘Academica 106-4386 Plasherg Taos2 ‘dB 2.36 Epistle ad Brot Purser OCT mot ‘hee AL Fg Bterogatio de sere sien Marler Tt "sills Ages de Lage Agere (Clk OCT wey ‘yen fx ‘Alcyones ‘len fe de Kage Alexandsing ‘amie ou ae Amictia Simbeck Tis ‘rat. y3(a8o) ‘Anau Phaenomens Maller Ts ‘Art Prog 42 ‘Aza Prognodticn, Moeller T i898 Arh re Arch Clark OCT pn ‘At tasba8 Epltalse a Ati Purser OCT ng03 ‘fs de Augers Marler 898 Baths ro Balbo Petenon OCT pt Brat. Browse Wilkins OCT 1903 Cees 104 ro Caecina ‘Clack OCT 1909 eel. to ro Cacho Cato Catinam ‘Chik OCT gos atoftas Cao MaaleT 198 Choa es Chorographie Molle Tit ied. ean nF Clodium tC, Cutonem, Malle itt Gu s08 re Cloento (Clase OCT 1505 Cone fst Se Consulate sue Mace T igs Const ‘4 Cons sue MocleT i9s Consoatio Moeller T 198 re Cornelio Monee gt BeOrtare ‘Wilkins OCT is03 Pro Rege Deitaro Gk OCT ini ‘eDitnatione ATs Dininatioin Q, Caeeiom, Pateson OCT 117 Linesay OCT i903 ‘Tracalentae Lindsay OCT ipos Vedula Lindsay OCT ines 1 Manatee Plancut eonanne see C1 Fa Pua Nat 3208 Plas Seconds Naturals Historia anaes Mayhot 7 s6p1-909 Pur. Ep 940 C-Phinie CacitnsSecundut Epitlae aD 6g Sehuster Toes Ep Tre tosse(e) piss ad Teianurn Schuster Toss Pen oss Panegyrieus Schuster 983 Pot am. 10335 C-Asinus Polo see Cic, Fam. pens fie 8 poets Pour, Ait 13d Cn Pompei Magna vosatnc see Cie. At Pour ROR ort 4 Q Pompeius Rafer couttac Pont, poet 13 Pompe before Varro ‘rag 1 Pomrost com. 95 LL Pomponias (Bononlenss) thine Poxront dig 5017206 Sex Pomponins fino id) ‘ar Pore. gram. 6 Porcias Linas ae (ace) jon Post hit 3 ‘A. Postamis Abinas con sive .Ponrons rag 12 P. Pomponius Secondus 08 sl 44 Prac 5 (poet pt) Pracepta Raia et Medica Pree Her 38 reac Omaiam Herbarum AD Poets Latig Minors BachrensT sroBIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE [Naus or Aurwon ‘Trrus oF Wonk Dare Eoiriox Preeatio Terae tap ‘Poetae Laid Minoes ‘BachrensT itrs Prip 26a Pulapes Aine of Augusras ‘Bechler Heres Basin gaa Prue in GL. 555 Preclanas vino Prix Mil Vet $8 (CHL sps01) Peleg Mur "Veternorumgue Pros. 677 scribed to M. Vales Notae le ab. Probus (de of Nero) Proc. dg sass Procals a (ey) nor 41308 Sex Proper Elegie ie (ate) Baber OCT 153 Pun com. 30 Publis Syrus fae Sent a5 Meyer Lepsig tbo QC Fam. 672 Q Talis Cicer rane see Cte. Fam Pass inci qr posse a Seany.dig 00993 ‘Mucus Seatvole eon gsc Quan. hit 96 .Clhudios Quadros ne (ecy) ‘Quer, Dee 388(pasias) ML Fabius Quntilanus——Declamationes beaDssouo Rites T 884 It nash Insite Ortora RedermacheeT 907-36 [quer] Dee ps6 Destamationes Malret 24/40 (Ite) Lehner T i905 Ran. poet 5 C-Rabieus time of Angas Bh Her 469 Rhetoricaad Herensium inc (eatiy) MarcT 935 Ror. Lunaao Ruts Lupus Schemata Lezeor nc (ate) Rhetoce Latnt Mince Halon esp 863 Ror. Rur. hts Ratios Rufus cos ose Sha. dig su7stag Masucas Sinus no (easy) fae Santos gram. Riorise Sa. Cat sig Salli Cispus cating sone see Abtberg T 999 Hat 7 Histocae Mavrenbrecher Lelprig 9p Jaga guts aAbibengT 99 Repane Epirus ad Coesacern Katee Tigse ‘enum dete peli, (a1) Ge inCiceronem before Quinlan Kerfee Tite Sa. gram 6 sent, ine oe Ser. diy abyss avd Satorninos av (mid) ‘Scasy. poet 3 (Q Macias Seseate tab psa 86 ‘Scan dig 03792 Q CarvidasScarols ‘sap (at) Scare Met eg 2 Seaeua Menor conte, Martial Scavn.gramin Gl.73y OQ, Terenis Scouros Wap (eay) SeAUR. ht 2M. emis Seauras connsae Sea oat. 6 P.Comelins Sip Aficanas sabe ve Fc Sere min ont. 23 P. Cornelia Seipto yong ne ‘AemibanusAfscanus S.c100. gram. Seruve Clodiae desone Sev Con 042 1 Annsens Seneca Controveriae bessne Muclee Viens 87 Sias 314 Suusorise Edvard Camb 938 Sen Agios. [L-Anmoeus Sens ‘Agamemnon e spends Richer Tipu ‘Apes ‘Apocooeyatose Boecheler-Herasus Belin Boor Ge Benefcts, Howas Tote chars. {Clemente Hoss Tips Dik 208 Dialog Heres Tos Ep nese Epistle Beta! 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