Designers need to be cognizant ef the ‘conditions when hydraulic sheck can occur ‘and incorporate abatement measures into thelr designs, Abatement maesuras may include: Safety relief system of valves. Flexible pump mounts. Flexible pump connections. Slow closing tapware. ‘The designer shall select system materials and produets that willbe suitable for use in high ‘water pressure installations, maintaining safe ‘working pressure isin accordance with the ‘standards and manufacturers requirements. Velocity of Water Flow ‘The design ofthe water piping system is greatly influenced bythe selected fow velocties, The recommended maximum velocties for copper tube are based on established permissible sound levels of moving water and enirapoed a, and on Expansion tanks that contro! hydraulic shock the effects of eorosion (Tabi 17.1), Erosionin ater piping systems is the impingement on the Insice surface of the tube of eoidy moving Water containing ar bubbles or suspended sods. In sore| cases this may mean complete deterioration of the tube cr pipe wells, partcuery in areas of high turbulence such as at bends and elbows or the intemal top surfaces ofthe pipe where there are entrained gases. ‘Sine erosion sa function of ine, water velocy and ‘suspended mattrin the water can effect the senice fe ofthe matariasfidures and fitings. The choice of asign waar valoctes isa matter of judgement, ‘The velocities recommended for water flows piping systems depend on the flowing sx cnciions: + The service of which the pipe is used, +The effects of erosion. +The effects of hydraulic shock and noise. + The type of piping material +The internal diameter ofthe piping material. + The resirictions of pipe and fitings. pets canner nara pressurewater | ye ME. 101021 Max. 3.0 Max. 3.0 we ug sere, [wma caamecemn ie] aes eae Bienen” | oyioes | ostona wec20 | nao otic, cae Sa Tor aie eae peieetoniter | sewer | somes woxa0 | wa20 muerte ne eros coaver-rane | sawzi | vzez0 wae | wmso | oes cine tater “Pump | 1.5t024 15t021 Max. 3.0 Max. 2.0 Tada tora - or cco SN Tamaya ten [ae | tower mao | wms0 ae ee ee conten ee ute ‘edt fon Ste" Saper Seren‘Rta Head Pesce Pipes For the purposes of plumbing, pipes are given ‘a‘nominat size (DN). This may be diferent to the actual siza. But ts the size that ve refer to {or purchasing. The ppe sizing apps program. ‘calculates the actual inside diameter required, Rafer to AS 1432 Copper Tubes Spectications. Maximum Allowable Velocity “The worlds major plumbing codes limit the for heated water services pipework. “There are three reasons for sang the maximum allowable velocity; + To reduce piping noise. + To reduce wear and tear on fitings. + To reduce water hammer, ‘The WaterBiz Free-version of the pipe sizing programs uses the velocity below that Permitted in the respective Plumbing Standard ASINZS 3600. ‘The WaterBiz Pro-version allow the user to enter any value. However increasing the velocity above 3m/s should really only bbe done on straight runs with no bends cr fitings, especially valves. But this will be outside the plumbing codes, It may be Justified in irigation, fire flows, etc, or even in {an area of high pressure when the divelling is, ‘along way from the source. (Menon age Se Chat Severnen Lowering the velocity on the other hand, would be advantageous. Lowering the alwable Velocity increases the pipe size, increasing the allowable velocity reduces the selected ppe size, ‘So whats the affact ofthis in practice? ‘The velocity limitation applies when the available water pressure can easly push the requited flow of water very fast through @ small pipe, and sil satisfy all the pressure loss requirements. ‘So to slow the velocity down, the water pipe must be increased in size (a bigger pipe can carry the same flow at a slower rate). Ofcourse [hat this also means, i that the head loss is reduced, as the head los is vary dependant of the velocity. The greater the velocity the greater the head loss. So the end results, we tend up with more pressure in the system, ‘The difficult and laborious way to size pipelines is to progressively calculate the head loss in ‘every individual pipe. The objects to adust all the fictionvhead loss in each pipe section so tha the total had loss ie as close as possible to the ‘avalable head loss’. ‘This is nacassary in systams where the end prassure must fell vithin eartain mits, a8 in {ire systems, and is recommended in certain iumbing Codes. Usually this method involves alotoftral and error. Butisitnecessary to recalculate the start pressure for every level cof a high rise bung? And wil his change the pipe sizes on each level, even f the Archtectureis identical? coat aw Pon SaNet Although Australia and New Zealand have epee ta ee kd pelle iioaeg Cees The Australian tease apres) peat se ame erT Pipe Sizes. The internal diameters used in the programs are shown in Chapter 4 ofthis guide. Minimum Velocity ‘The Free-version ofthe program uses 2.4 m/s ‘for best design practice. ‘The Pro-varsion alows the usar to enter any value, fe Bern ara sake! present allows this to go to 3 mi however this is not recommended for eet ‘Minimum Residual Head This isthe pressure that vould like to achieve atthe last fixture (the worst case). ‘The Free-version of the program uses 15m hhead (approx. 160kPa) as the residual head. ee ‘The Australian Plumbing but this is too low to work modem devices. The Pro-version allows the user to enter any head values. The Pro-version also has a table that displays the capabilty of every pipe size, for the calculated Hydraulic Grade, Thatis- ‘What flow (L/s) each diameter can supply The velocity in each pipe diameter. The number of Loading Unis each diameter can service an ae S34 Chg Serta How many dwellings each size can service. Pro-version allows the user to change the maximum allowable velocity, and change the minimum residual head Pro-version also calculates the Pump Duty. Rae seen ‘Sete st ——