‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 
 K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٤W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ٢ J٢
       ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 (Stopping Sight Distance: SSD)‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٢ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(S)‫ א‬K١
W،٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
S = 2 . 5V
 KELF‫א‬ :V،EF‫א‬:S
 
W (d)‫א‬ K٢
V 2
d = W  •
2 fg
 W
 KEF‫א‬ :d
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 KELF‫א‬‫א‬Wg
 KELF‫א‬:V
 KE٠{٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wf
 
V2
d= W •
254( f ± G )
 K١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬(SSD)
 W‫א‬
  SSD = S + d
 
V2
  SSD = 2 . 5V + W •
2 fg

V2
  SSD = 2.5V + W‫א‬ •
254.( f + G)

V2
  SSD = 2.5V + W‫א‬ •
254.( f − G )

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (AASHTO)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬K2SSD
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬WE١ J٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
EF EF ‫א‬ E‫א‬/F
48 0.62 55 0.36 48
72 0.60 80 0.33 64
100 0.58 115 0.31 80
132 0.56 150 0.30 96
149 0.56 165 0.30 104
129 0.55 185 0.29 112
190 0.54 205 0.28 120
212 0.53 230 0.27 128
 
 W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٤‫א‬‫א‬L٦٠‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 KL١٦{٦٧Z‫א‬L٦٠Z‫א‬:V
 K٠{٤=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wf
V2 (16 . 67 ) 2
  SSD = 2 .5V + = 2 . 5 × 16 . 67 + = 77 . 08 m
2 fg 2 × 0 . 4 × 9 . 81
 W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٪٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٤‫א‬‫א‬L٨٠‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬
KL٢٢{٢٢=‫א‬L٨٠Z‫א‬:V
 K٠{٤=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wf
 ٠{٠٥=١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬:G
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ E
V2 (22 .22 ) 2

  SSD = 2 .5V + = 2 . 5 × 22 . 22 + = 61 . 10 m
254 ( f − G ) 254 × (0 . 4 − 0 . 05 )
W‫א‬‫א‬ E


SSD = 2 . 5V +
V2
= 2 . 5 × (22 .22 ) +
(22 .22 ) 2
= 59 .87 m
 
254 ( f + G ) 254 × (0 . 4 + 0 . 05 )
 
 (Passing Sight Distance: PSD)‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٢ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬      
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬
 KE١ J٢F‫א‬

C’ C

A B B’ A’

S S
d1 d2 d3

‫ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬:A’, B’, C’ A, B, C‫ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻷوﻟﻲ‬:

 
 K‫א‬WE١ J٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(d1)‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(d2)‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(d3)‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(d4)  ‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬
 Wd4d3d2d1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 d1 = 0 .84 (V − M )
 d 2 = 2S + 0.84(V − M )t
 d 3 = 0.28t
2
 d4 = d2
3
S = 0 . 2 (V − M )+ 6
t = 2 . 73 S
a
 W
 Kd4d3،d2،d1
 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬WV
 KL‫א‬L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wa
 K‫א‬L١٦،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WM
W(PSD)‫א‬

  PSD = d 1 + d 2 + d 3 + d 4
 K(AASHTO)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢ J٢F
128 112 96 80 64 48 E‫א‬/F‫א‬‫א‬
94 86 75 65 54 41 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬/F
110 102 91 82 70 58 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬/F
835 675 640 550 460 335 EF‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬٣ J٢
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٣ J٢F‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  




 

  
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢ J٢F

 
 KWE٣ J٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ K٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫• א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٣ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٢F‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥ J٢F

θ
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V 2
 e + f =
127 R
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬We
 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬WV
 KEF‫א‬WR
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wf
 K(AASHTO)‫א‬E٣ J٢F‫א‬f
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬fWE٣ J٢F

 f ELF‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٧  ٣٠
 ٠{١٧  ٤٠
 ٠{١٦  ٥٠
 ٠{١٥  ٦٠
 ٠{١٤  ٧٠
 ٠{١٤  ٨٠
 ٠{١٣  ٩٠
 ٠{١٢  ١٠٠
 ٠{١١  ١١٠
 ٠{٠٩  ١٢٠
 
 W
،‫א‬L ٨٠‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 0.14Zf١٠٠ZR‫א‬L80ZV
 W‫א‬‫א‬
V 2 80 2
 e = − f = − 0 . 14 = 0 . 364
127 R 127 × 100

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬٪ ٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬(1/15)
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٧٥‫א‬‫א‬ K١

(0 . 75 V )2
 e =
127 R

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1/15)e‫א‬ K٢

‫א‬(1/15)(1/15)e‫א‬ K٣
W‫א‬‫א‬f‫א‬‫א‬

V 2
f = − e
127 R

K‫א‬‫א‬E0.15Ff‫א‬ K٤

W‫א‬(Va) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٠{١٥Ff‫א‬ K٥
2
1 Va
  e + f = + 0 . 15 =
15 127 R

 K(1/15)e‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K
 
 W

 ‫א‬،‫א‬L١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬٥٠٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

W‫א‬
(0 . 75 V )2 (0 . 75 × 100 )2
 e = = = 0 . 088
127 R 127 × 500

‫א‬E1/15Fe(1/15)‫א‬
Wf‫א‬‫א‬
V2 1 100 2
f = − = − 0 .067 = 0 .09
127 R 15 127 .500

KE1/15FZ‫א‬‫א‬٠{١٥f

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬L١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠‫א‬
 
W‫א‬
2
1 V
 e + f = + 0 .15 = a
15 127 R
2
Va
= 0 . 217 
127 R
2
  V a = 0 . 217 × 127 × R
V a 2 = ( 0 .217 ) × (127 ) × ( 200 ) = 2755 . 9

  V a = 52 . 5km / h
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
1 V
e + f = + 0 . 15 =
15 127 R
2
V
 R =
27 .5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬ •
(V + 16 )
2

  R rolling =
27 . 5
 
W‫א‬ •

R rolling =
(V + 8)
2

27 .5
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦ J٢F‫א‬E٤ J٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤ J٢F

 R (m)  f V
 (km/h)
 e = 0.10 e = 0.08 e = 0.06 e = 0.04
 25  30  30  35  0.17  30
 45  50  50  60  0.17  40
 75  80  90  100  0.16  50
 115  125  135  150  0.15  60
 160  175  195  215  0.14  70
 210  230  250  280  0.14  80
 275  305  335  375  0.13  90
 360  395  435  490  0.12  100
 455  500  560  635  0.11  110
 595  665  755  870  0.09  120
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦ J٢F
 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬L١١٠
 
 W‫א‬
V2 110 2
R = = = 440 m W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
27 . 5 27 . 5
 
(V + 16 )
2
(110 + 16 )
2
= 577 m W‫א‬‫א‬ •
  Rrolling = =
27.5 27.5
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬ ٦ J٣ J٢
E٧ J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J٢F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٢F

٩٠٠ ٩٠٠ J٣٠١  J١٥١ ١٥٠ J٦٠ ٦٠ EF‫א‬

٣٠٠

J ٠{٣ ٠{٦ ٠{٩ ١{٢ EF‫א‬

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٢
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
‫א‬
، ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K١٠٠٠٥٠٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤٠،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ ﻣﺪن‬٢٥٥  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
 K٠{٤‫א‬‫א‬L١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬٪٥‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
K٠{٤‫א‬‫א‬L٩٠‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬L١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬E٧
 K‫א‬L١١٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٨
،‫א‬L٩٠‫א‬‫א‬٥٠٠‫א‬ E٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬E١٠

 
 
 
