You are on page 1of 186

~J;jfJjP p.

~~r>,.JtJ}r - ~rt
v~J'
7249218,7237430 I,;)j )",tJjJ) J)"18
- )
~ .,

)",tJ;?~1'; - -
;J.-:
j;~ - ~)J/
~,
1994
--,
'rJ)9p
..
~1
-..
;.y
5 " ...!;y}'li ' JiilJJ
6 -d,rJ'Jjf
11 ~1.-(loJ'",f
20 d,J"'"
w&"
~,,,,!;Ui~r
~ J

31
45 UJ'/'! JJ' .Iy' f
50 ~,,,,!;O'~ r.JJ'
63 .:-~,.,JUJ~JJ
71 ,yf~
82 ..:)~..;fJ'/.~
104 UJ'~
119 r.(~~Ji
131 :tit JJ,..:)r$jt=--~
145 J{'~,~,
163 ,1857

175 .:-~ i...A::,1857


185 4:)!r' f
187 .:-~C(

,"
5

( ~'_'L o:~
.fi.J b It:::f_)
,

Ul J~O!":,,,11.1L £V. Vi + ';:'~I ~ ~ r~ .J oji


.:.!il S":,,,0'Vi -Ul t!z:. O!L..t;1J (-I; V. ":,,,0'Vi lSi .J"V.JJI
.JJ' Of-' '.IL?l ~ j;~ ok-- Yo f tf- V. "-.J~ L.J» 4-' -fI~f tf- ~
~.J~ "' Vir (~f J1~ uP. uV ./I r Vi .JJI ~ .J~ r ..!.-~ ..!.-i
Vir I.J{ ~ ~ if.JJItf- Cfl~ l.::.i!tj ifVir OJ;.J~I ~ -~
+~,;".r":,,,crvl~+C!i
v.~SV'
v. .:..tJlv L C'; V. .J Vi .r tf-lf ~ .:.!il -fI SVi
.JJI

~c:L VI.JJI tf- C,r 'A! V. .JJJfi J' r~c ~}i + JiJi dv
cJl v:' J t1. .JJI'H[~J S;£l.:..tJlv v:' J'L'!' Ul Z .»O!
+J!L_;}SLlL
~IY -4 -4 2... Vi -v.! OJIv"' u~.k(0 L.J Vi ":,,,0'"~
-LJ~!(fLt;1 V. cJl V. f J,r ?'lo/-'(L! t>z
.JJI":,,,JIYo +JI". t;:1 ~",~.JDy-"",( ~1.~'j4~j &.1" _
~}i 'v.! J SVi v. Lf r".;.J1tI' 2... VI +l,r !I v. ~C
-'7-.l_'?"~ r Upy S~
6

J~'~k-- v!j:-' ~ L v' 'C~~ ...t~'~I; ()~ k.J,f


JJI,//.::,)IJ J,~ )J' ~ V1 J~.::,~y.JJ)~ )J'
/l1lJ ).t' IJ ).t' y.
~.ri.l:)!j .::,)IJ ~ '" .::,~j)JI ujJI,~ s:...;uk V1 J~IJ) f

'(;;1/ T' v!,.;LjLjI J'J L/.~J~ SJ'-~


y. )J' Jir .r,...
':::;J ~, -J1I ~ J...; JI v! T' IJ.~ L .::,111, f &.ft l..r ~ "'
;-~;-~L ':::;J ~ '~) 0:'" ~~( ~ (iii ,~1/ jI...; r' (
~ \,f~~; jr u~"";'v! V~ j~~ v!~. L J' ,j.)C )J'
(V I.::,k'J) J".' )J' -i"J J~' V' IJ )J' ~ /. ,.;.P. ~~ f
LLj L jI'::'1I1, .JUI," JIJ L jI J~ Sl:I-~) e:r J' (Jt,.
'i;.
(iii
4- ~
.r f"I~ .::,~»'L .::<'jv. u~j ..;CI S~~~ 'i;. ~ L
S~~v' .::,)1/ 2.... v' ''!''Ir )J' ¥ ',:,./
J Iu~j J~JJ.' ~, )J' JIr SJ...; ;-~ ;-~ L .::,111, v! ~
'"~~
,-J'J L~ r .J/ ,.;'::)_; S~,_CIr 1/-V (/.'/.v! ~
L Lf -V v! )':IJ'; _C~'~ J (go, v! v',A JfS'J/
)'.ti' T' )J' ~~, / u~j J~JJ.'~' L)'.ti' .,..~)'~ 'Llf
S~,'" J~' L .:::;u, .::,j flit; ~J' r vI )JI "-' ~ 2... L
J

JJ( '" f! f.f '::'JG-!J J);./ uti SO)'~ S~I )JI LIr S,JI/
)J' ,fJ v! ~~ ,".J) UJ)~ ~ f f'~ ~~. ( v' LIr
J:I '" ~J S J 'J )J' A J U j'/' J JI/i Po 1#~~ ."
r
'::"J~ I

~v!~f'~f ~ lujJ~~"i;.L~4-v!U~JJ
/.~ JI, L v' 111 J:. /,)J',J ~. r v' j~) CIr I/JJ.Ji /.~ I)'.ti'
7

!:I'tJ J v!!I' ,,1n PL! vI" It.J;. 1..n f


f J ""'"
r/,1'1"f y./
~'/J

~L-- L ""it !~)J) tI~,/JIn ~,/


/,,J~ r~~r
-nl/n
,/JI;£" '~~ 1 ~ r'
~'/JJv'i ,/JJ'.Nt-(t I,)! b,/L 41'
LIJ LJ1 ~ LvI '/JI}:" 4fi L VI f r Ln u,/V"2.. L ~
!'/JJL'J~'T-' ,/JJA,.I£Lf I£JI ~IJILj,!}I '/JI~t,.;IJ
LIJ Lr J .::JJ VI ( Lf I('" If.! ,I J .,..>. -r
Cn ,/IJI~
u,/V' 2.. L;£ ~~JA1rUN' I.lJ'/IJI/lie 'CC f I('" If.! ILLj
I~'/JJ",J'JL~L~I[ ~~r j,!}~JkLUN'l.ln7 f r
,j.,/C~ 4fl -i~I,)! j.,/J 1,/1';' J ~!'J'/ ~ .NtVI L ~ ,/JI 'n
~ .::JJ I.f.!I f r In ~.I~ ~ ~ I,)!}:" 4/. ,J..IL ~~ r 1);:3
_tJ, I,)!j.,/J I[ .Nt--:.Nt.IJI~.IJr~'/J 3L-- L I)J.~
IJi r Cf r --:N. Lf .nl ,.;I.lIJ;j 'ui.,..>.v! ~~ L ~'/C
u~ ,/JI,/JJ L ~.Nt u)r'r ~f J /Jf 1 ~~ L ~'/C
JIJ; L~; ~ 'r'/~ rtJ)i f ,j..IC4fl ""~ ,,",/In ~iJ,I' r.l:til
V' -r Cf it. tar'j ,/JI u,/~'U;~J~ !j,!}11"".IJ~r!""J~ ,/JI
/ L I)J~ I'j' ,0 .IJI4ft. 1../ ,'# j,!}~ L ~~JA1' -' ;,;;
j,!}l)1L uQ,..I' .IJI-V ~ J} ~I";',~ J ..IfIJ/16 -r
L~~ '"
~,/ I.f.!I ,~j,Jj.l1 j,!}'.lJ'!JJ'.1.f.!1L}' J;L-- L I)J:t/t/ L
, _4.. 2;-~~f2.. L Jr.". J ",J}; !I'I J J IJ" !J
J ..IflJ.»4 L
!,~ vI ,.I'[lr ,.;L'# '~)J ;,;;"r b,/C
J~v!j.'/JL",,';I"'/'';'J~!'J'/ ~.Nt Lj,!}I'/JI.Nt Lj,!}1'~
j,!}1'/i~tI" J}~ J J~ '''k-- Ln 1..J1J.~L j,!}~JA1 ,/JI v!
J
J,ll j j,!}11,~ JiIJfi f r t"..Jt,/ If.! ~'/V' JI ~ ,,/. L
,~ ~ ". v:!" !,/JIL~~".I~ If"
~ ~ ". v:!" iL~ "'-J'
If"
~ It
8

f ~~)J' 'JY'/- r 4 'tf- f J1UX ..:...:? S d' i L~ ~~ dL)'


Lf ~ (~ u! ":,,J' ~ d' r~
-?J S .:;.,'J! ~' S d'
)J' V1~

OJ.J. ~ J! IS')~"" )JI J..; ....I)j 'f';' ""=,,JI


~ e~ if .AflJ.fl v.r
L.II>JJly.v.rLI:-J1~ J)C ....(IOJ~~Vl)JI~O:d~
l.:!I....(I~..::/~ S~.,J;S vI )JI ,-/Ir Ji./')JI eJyj '{ JIJ;
)JI L)J)~..:;/J 'L)J)e~'L);l/ f J ;f.t~)JI fyl d!f u! if. vir
~ v' ~ 'f-) fl~ .;;)~L,.J)4- ....(1 L f J~ J .II; ); ~ L)JP _;z
u! (.7 \.J!J"" ~ d';f? ~,...~I)j 'u/~S d' u!~
J ~j
-V1 LiJ ('.7. "':"'"-=~ L d' nlJI~ S L)~)I
/I);J{VIr~ ,jlf-=eJ'f-~IS.3if.u!b)C
1~ J): ji L)k:j 0:], )JI J4 'JJ () 'Jf. SJ'~JJ1 ;I.t'
u!~ J)C ~ I)!.I~'JJ1(~tu! L;,...'_;) SJr."-S ,-/Ir
-'f- LtJ./' .::J. J ); ~I

)JI dL)I ~ y.'tf- cc: ~ IJ.:'JI ~ Se~ )J~ u!~ ~ lfl


u! Jf J)C f ~ J)C S ii' r ~~'~(~I JG* L/~
u! if. 'f- CiJ ..::/~
S.;;)~J~.,J; j" e~ JIJ; ,f-' OJ ~ V1~
_~)~ {.2;. _;'v L .:;.,ulP ,.ffi ~ J y. -I) J~ ~~ )JI )Y/Jy.'~
~, Cf)~1 OJ ~ ~,.. t:z~ tIP. L )'V ~I., ~, . o! ':::;'J ji L)I; .:::f. ~.
v..
d~ L.d '-){ Ii' ,J. J! IS' ~ S v' )'i -=~ .Jff.J.Af
)J' ~
u! ~ vir
S ii' j" 'f- Cf u;Lf S Jyj )JI J' 4- S L)P.
... jlPoj
v..
Ji./')JI v7 J) '-... -..el)JI ~ (.,. ./' ':::;'Ib)JI '-'
,ttli 11' I Li
t.ly
Li
4f'
_~ ~J1 4.1••~..v
y

S L)tx ~' ,:..-'ji ,:..-'ji L L)~ S e~ )Jl-! )JI e~ if .AflJ


fi '...f e~ if .Af'J) L ~ ).u!' t)1 i'~ 'I) k~u! ;;)J 1L)i.)J/
.:.-.:1;> SJ{'I./..J ~~!/1UJ:J") I; S;£) (G" 1;I~f,;-' L d!7
9

OJf...f iJk i:.. T-.J'.fJAOJ~I J"k--S VI -{.J} ,.;I.J(L,;.JOJ)t;S


Jiv ~.Jy'I "-' j ~ J.t1 .JJ ~u. /.I/. ,]f.JJI rl ~ L.t1.JJ]f"t{ tE
L'y L ,.y, ;;'-'.:::;u. ~, L l.)iY ~ ~ ~ I O.JG o~ .JJL.!
-1/ ...fi L.t1 .I.::.v'J L I.)JJ!.JJ' '0
OJ ~

j.t1 r cJJ "I..:;..P.JJ' (,/1 '.JiJ ( cJl j rl.t1.JI} ,;jJ


I.);--y'OJ Po L v'
L l.)JJr
~G'~' l,{'1/cf. A!i....fi2... L ,]fvIJ'
VIJ' -: ,.. .r .JJI
( ..:.-tI?J~
-~ ~jll,Jt; (vI If...; 'C.t1v.! ....~ (fI857 fi 2... v"~ ~ /
L.t1 L./.JJI J' 4- 'JIJj ol? .JJl{ )JI ol? if .A!'Jv! Jf J..JC I;J
,.,L cJI)JI o(lfL
~I
. v! d- ,a.
.1'" ( • 10
cf...:/Ll& o ..:.J1iI cJ~ 4- .JJIOJr)
• , 10
o-?/.;
b)t f ~.::-r'J.J: ~ j;~ VI l.)iJJ-: -J! .t161.)~L~(V OJI.A!'J
b.Jt .JJItf r.i~! ~1l1v~ I.)~ ~vru-{
>/ VI v.!' L f L
-~t/- v! if.L cJl t;,..!'-)"J L
:s: ~I.J e'J JJ2..1.-- L cJI~ v.! ~ ~.J..l L b)c -:,j2
.JJIz.):.;K.J.A!SLf r.i~v.!' L.t1 I~ v! ~1l1vd- OJ f -: j ...fi
,; J~ SVI ~J f dV (l.Ji J ~ )JI ~"'Y '.Jlpl ~I)t; SVI
(.;K.J.A!f /.~r )JIf A!i. cJ~ ';-1.-- L Ji J)r L if.T- ScJUzi..
"- ~}i ~ cf...:/Ll& 0.::.r.J' J uJlji f '-J cJ~ ~I )JI ~)~, ;,-I.J
.JJIo~l} 'L.t1 Lr...fi OJ j Lf.J~1 cJY '-/ JJ L cJ~J.-C1;,-I.J
.J_i;_ ~fl~ SJ';;j v! VI .JJIi:..~; /- !e}~ J.t1A
~.J~
J ~LIi)t; S~"'y ~I.JJI '1/v.! .J~I ;,-I.J-: L I.);~ L cJ~J.-C1
.. ._:.jIJ/.!.;:)j
_Lf
,.JI...fi (b.JC O.J1aJIJj ( v~ J- ~
..:;;,tt J ,-:",..;.;i )JI J
,-)~ '-.J1a ~,.JI VI f T- C.t1I~ -: Jlr (il -{ >/ VI ,j2 T-
~~f.JI~!)r,f 4-)J, o~l} '-.JIa,.JI -: (b)t ~~~ ~L
~Jv'I.)~-{>/v'Lf J)C~~J:J!~vlL(i~.JJI
10

,N/4J}r v:z~ i- l~ (lLPI !~-{v'•J'i-v~lJI ri 4Jl~


J

uP.J>.A ;I:Jil.»t L;;IJ L ll:Jil 4J:t/I" Jr.J I,,}!~


JU I,,)!
J~Ij to J'i.I i- JrJ v"~ lJIl~tJ'r.vl lJf. .::..:.jII lJI i-II J'l
JI ~ --d' v'.2..r fCrr v"./~, e: If' -rrll~ J.( 1.:iJu,lJ'
!.tJ J' 4Jl~lJ' II~/);;/ -{.:;,rJ" L blC --d' -: -lK ~ Jt"
-Jrr ~ J~ ~ v'
J' J£ l-r'r" L J'JJ -'/ _;':;'lJ/ J',-}~ '-l~.:iJJ V'
"L
~ l ( V')' i- r~r ~/IblC i-,J ;tf u: Jr ~ vi ~ i-
'-J JA I,,)! J£ IJ" '-l~ blC ,J "L 4Jl~e: V' i- ..:w~.~ J"
-i-rf
11

JJ' + elf 1/
L,"/.~ Fv! .I'JJ' JJ f~e >.,".I} (~
~ ." .IJL'!'~ J1857P. L vI JJI(1707 e 1526)"'; ~ J;JI l'
~f JJJ~ v! v' .I~t.l1 (.t/'" ~eJ'::; v! (.z L ~JG-!I
U/JJ L U';I~ .Iif- eviJJJr ~j,;J JJI..::/} J ~" '(g.I L
IJJJ ~/ JJ .1[ rr" I,)JJ~ J,,,:v Atil ", .IJIUJ d Il,)jj "k--
::..-1f ..:..t"J~r v!~ .Iif- e~ r
UJJJ JIJj JJIJ"IJ: 'JIPI "k--
li,.;~jIJ"- -UJf ~J/J!. L I,)?U, J/ JJ >'15 v' .IJIJ.I1.1J/'::..-1f
}iI~ JJI1/~J/
1'~'"
"J J' v!.:..-'k--S .1'/ J ey r
~I.I I (IiI ~Ji J/ JJ L 1,)';1
~~J.-'1 L (IiI JJ{ ~ .I
v' II,)J:tf!
L I,)~ v! ~~e
4f ~~J.-'1 tJ) vI -~ 1'rr JI1il ", ~ ~~J.-'1 J}
'" ~~IJJ J~~ J~J~ Po .I J.I1 rr~; 4f (i JJI~ JJI -.fi P.
..£A~
~v.t J:I ~~ L I,)JJJ.hJJJII,)}.I;" v! '-J~ L<'JIJjf '
"Ii
JJ'l""; 15JIJj L I,)~ .Ii-~ ,,~~ vl.::4'i '" v! ~I
f L f "'J/ '-;"11, v! .:..-'k-- L ~ .Ii- J.I1 J'~" ~ J;JI
~ ,,~~v' fpy /: """~L v' .I[.IJj' / I,)J.lIJIJK L.:..-'~
(J!1, ~I L ~ .Iif- J.I1 J'~ "J1 JJ' 4f JIJj L I,)~ .Iv.t
J"";

&. L vI 'I[..v v! ~tJ,~ L ~ /l,)jJ.-'1" I,)JJ~ 15JJ 'JIJ.I


JJ

vd' (J!1, r I,)}IJ.-'*v!.:..-'k--4f~~ J.-'1'" 4f vI .1=j -.fi :.t


~J

v! J'1il v.:, JJI L '-.J J'~/ I,)jJ.-'1~ .1=Y JJ JJI'/.11 r


12

Lv,jtJ~JJ"Jf ";t;.' JJ'v!rf:t J~~'}' O"~J'd' j k"~b:J'J"""""


~.::..r'~ ~, }i -~,~ f ~~..ArL oJL:IJ}'O"~JJ'OJ';I v! d'
t ~.::;~ O"~JJ'J'ti' u j C! ~ ~ J~v!.::/, JJ'C! 1£ JJJ
-?-J J'JGJL ,,::/, dlJ.-'" v! ~Iv V' JJ' ?J ~I
"-'Jd L_/'JJ'J' LI.)~ ffi;C v!J L~ I.)}»d'
v! cJI v.! Ly; (" J? ..:-~y. ",:",1 v! '-.J~L b.JC~ji +1/
.JJ'~~ J O"~v!~ ~ L if.s:tf- C! "-'J {.J} L J' -fi ffi;C
~Lb:J7 fJ' LbJC ~jIi.JJ'V1JJfO'J/(r~jJ~
Lf v!v' ~Jhi' f I-~J' O.J','JJ 0:1. v!.JJ,if. LJf: He v.!
O:1.L/f f I.)ij O:1.~'-;lrJ~J~y.f tf-J'J'Z f 4
JI, J ft J1j J' Jf v! ~1I1vd' -lO'J/ J v! ~~ J' ~~
o~
~, .JJ'~I),e..(G ~ wJ S ,,;i .JJIO.J"IJ.JV' L v' f ,J O.P
...v v! ..:-tJ.lr O~.JII.)JJPiLy; Lf J~I v!,1;.- L .::..r'~.J .r
uit'i JJ,..:-jJ'::;~ S d' v!r;-i JJ'(g.,L .::..r'~.J L/ V' .JJI~
~Jy6 V' j C/ ~ Jhi' f I-~v' OJ)i s» J' If -:-~J~' f
,.f£ -Jy; ~ ~J Jf v! v' .JJ'J! e.Jf/' ~ v' v! s
L .::..r'~.J f L V' 0' 4 f V1L/eJ~I~! J'~~ v' ~';' Jr..JC
cJ! {j -fi v! V' 0' .1v L v' '~Jf:i {~~'JJ J~J~f {(,oj
0: 1. cJ~.J, L 1.)}lJ.-'" .J,'I.)JJ~vfo.",:",'f,y; -: i ;.. o.Ji -tr
f 0 L LD~'~,f.J,I~,f >. cf v' .J,I,.f y; f ty; { I.)>>~
.....P. f J .1v L '-/ JJ -fi /.'/.cJlJ.-'" .J,'J~ 2... L ,1;.-t:.. if.
LJf Lb: ./., I.),,~) - ..I'J " ;:;;_';:;;_'.J,Iz. L/
f: 2:... Lj ~ I.);''',-y.,' /
~ ('JI L I.)~! L v' P. LJf f z. 0' '-J'J' "'~J -: L Jf
I-~) f: S Ii~J.Jf {;,J J~.::;,v'I.)) I.J,v! v' -0f .::/,
I-~ 0:1. L ~;1;JIv! J.~ L v' J.Jf r f J' L/ J.}l f
13

7- 6= vf~_,; U~..; v! UJ.JIJIL ~~.J f L.J1 LJ'.Ig;I /


.IIJ'-..J '-x '-x v! .::/;.~ Wi J! v! ..;L; L ~ ...LJI,f
v!U;JLC)'Lv'I/~_'; tf J' "J~I~I.J~Lv'.I+.1
.r f 7-~.JJJ!=-~fr/wcf.;:.,ft;'v'.IJ' ~f'~'; J....D
i
'-/ ».JJ'~ Lv' J. v:! '.i- J.:;J'~~~_l-J/ "':'!" ~ JIJ)
'.i-.::/; f. -J/ v! tSN' v.J.J!il (/-..::AJ vl...i£ .s: J! Jlf
r
~~ J~vPu,/' JJ S V' .3,"", L u:' J.! '.i-.I.J1l.f!,~:JIJ;
vI .JJ'~ '1-.I,_,,(Jtlj Lt' f .J1.J~;,.-'it;,.-'ii J! u~, L C)'I' .JJI
~ cf U?!.J Jj;u~J .JJ'v?·'.i-.Jtl.)~ oh-- ~J/J v! "';".Jt.':::;J
.JJI Vlf ~::uWJ.J1f".J)t J\1 '.i-.1~
L UJ.7.C.JJI,..:...<"~·= V?
'- J'j ,f~:Jlt.lJI ~ 7-.1.t~!,J-tc.I.I tSf. e.:«: u1.;v! JIP

L ~lP ~:JjL C)'.JJ'r-1 r~f


-+,,~~~
S uY-"'.I,tSfi.J. J; S ",;,,4..-4,. ~ L? (.; :;-1 v! uJ L J'. ~J
..;v! ~ L UY-"I.J~ J tS~ 'Z:;.;,J..l tSf...I£
J!J.-& ~C)IJ.~ L" ~~ -J~
~~J~

f ~.~~ >.
L vI -~ cc: ~,. 0/JJ '- ~ ~ ~.I1f C)Lvfr
~i~ ~I J...J ~ C)Y: f ...i£'e! ,.;.: IfiJ J/,",.Jk/ / ~
-i/ J: L;!i '- ,J: U~J~ J' ~ ";';I_,t'-.Ik/ J; =.1,1.;
~v.
! cf JV 30/ cf v'..:h vI -1ft L vI ~ I-(J ~ ~
,:y; ~Wi -1/" .(.J.v. S ~ 2... L ~.Ik/ '-.I} L)'tr u.IJI
"cJV'J~...x";I ...iiI) l.f! J~ J!t. vl...x ":,,I.Jk/ 2... L
Lf~i '- ~~ cf C)t:Jl;,;,.JJi J.? yi .AJ'~ ~ 'J ~ LJ(t E..~
Lf ~/ S t,iJ.lJ' ~IP S ujVI.Jl.f!I C)!/ J~J~ i.. JI ..£
2
_£. ~~J.JII,,)J.Jl Jr )t ~ 7-.1if £. v! UY-"'.J";':'.IJI~
"' U~J.JJIJ; cf U"(.Jk. 8J '- ";:J SLy; ..;~ 'J '- ~I cf .Jk/
, ~ ~J v.! C)~J IIJ~ O!"yiJ Jt.j r
14

J..r J'~, J,( " ~I J' ,,"j 'J~ .:;...)v 2- L I.);~ .r


,f·,JI'i. v' (i c"" I.)A L" L~" V' ..:..f')j A,fIJ)'J rO r
-::' n'
v. C:;",1y1 n'
4f1";'! -= L~ 1/..;.!",,"j .J!.i f IJ) ~ I
I)~ .:;...

.Ju; L v;~ L vilJl )JI I.)r~ u/JJ,J ~u:-z U fr) J'


~ r ..:-1,.1 L I.);~ f (V .:;...-j'J 4f' -V1) Z_)~ r:
J' L~ I~."r'-t' L f ~"l.)J(j (j (j ~ V' I/; u)~ n'
-/.~I
.:;...uk.~J..r.:;...~ f J ~ ~) ~ J.:iJJ V' ~'.t~ r
v!" ~; v~'P~v! U),j{ L (iii~/ -IJ) J" r7v! L':} IJ"
f!)~ ,J Lt"x IJ..r~ -!JJ..r J',;':} "" "j.;' Lv' j
fJ-'" U)r~r;t ...J cJl/.:;... ~ j 1/1/.JL.;'"j. v' nl,f ,J
)JI '!-./ ..:;..fl)j J, rv,..I!" J./. v! ~j ~aL.f ~jJJ, v! 1.)';
••
..." fl/.' -= J' Iv' L~; .:/L"f)'J'~"j.';·L v'
-j'J

4,:"U)I.tI.!I v!,;17 L~; n' V1'f-)).,t"~.,t,,j f)~ A~~


...f -"/ eJ~ -= rv' 2.. vI -V1'f-J if r7 ,f.
,f.' fl/'}'h)'
J i;/ -L~ v/-~ uAou.Jr
J.ot J'~, .IJIL~ I/;,;,,/.~" ~
" ,; .IJI I" ;L,;I j ..;...t ~r ~ vI 2., v' '(i v.! J' r vi -= t
.::,.IJ' L v' i V'if;~, v! t/ JcJ(; ~ -J"yo.:)'" J.::.i'.Ij
4f' A JJ' " J:, J" r.rlj ..:)I, JL ,.f cJI.n' .::...~,;:J JL11 " 1.);1/
~LI.)J)I....J L~'i}n'i~~ .:;...,..,v
jJJ~)J'v:.Jf~;I.)~IP
L J..r n' ~!~; tI,{J'Jj f ~ J' L t/- .It)~ ., if.. .
LvI JJI~ 45~ti' .11/" J"t -= 2... L vI £. L~ J
'J p!

-vf "
tj/.-"/ '}~f~} J ~~ J~f)i IVJJI}I
,I

...f ~ ~1I,f...L j.:iJJ V' IJ r) k'f -J!I" Po v! :If L ,yl


,IJI ~f'j' L cJI )Jf JJ1J J:. v' ~./ IJ,I V'~1rJ..r~ f:}!j f
15

Jr /.' " ~; l?!/. U~IP~ JLu! ~I j ~rv:! J) JI u! !,t; J,)


~ ilj/. 1!,tJ If (Iir iJI J't ~I iJI,.f- ) '-'i{ ':"f'j' ~I IJ
45/ JJiJI it." Ji/ ~i} JU;I 'J j ...J) ~ " -iJ If VI -..I
~Vii L~ f e'iJ L ~i; ~iJI,fr , u! Lit L ~i; ...J)
':;'i~ «« _£J';; 2..LJr.'.JvUJ~i"i uf lJi ~ ,",I~"
J' r J~ -;;;iJJIu.uli ~I L ,~(J!J, )JI JiJI ~
1v" ~~ JIJU;Iv '-'/~ ~iJ'-'~..I' iJI t' vii' u! .:,.1r~I(J!J,
(-:.,,1.1. • (I. f'" I. ,("
J" f"
L" v:! J' J ~ 45JLL,-,)~ ~iJ L ~"Ji,.t .I-~~ Vi»
J:~J J~ J ~iJI v! u! .:,.~~ ",JL4l% If J~ ~I,.I£
-~ v:! J' J' J/r ~I _Cf 1/v:! J...; 1.:,.1)(,
"'r"fJr ~J> =/~I,t'Jf '"-iJ~J~L,,~~I
f '"-iJ ~ (9'1 J~~I -vi If u~ ,.;~ ~ u! J, Jv:
J~"J!, -~ ~) "ui(r t.f ..l-~ r~I iJI ~ ~) ';:;'IJ.t.L ~I,t'J
L ':"J~ VI ifi' If .:,.;~...JU;L VI L~ Lj L VI v!.JL
i; 1.1' '-'ilJI L ~~ J ~J vl.l'~(J-'1.J.::F Ii 111' L VI
~I f i:.. L" '-'% i;1.1' "..:.v'~ f .:,.IJ~ L 'Y' iJI i:.. J,~
f L ':;'J~ 45/ JJ~
f" 4/ ",I ~)
45J C;' 1/.~L if. ':;'Jt;,J.15
;J'J r ':;'J~ 1.1')
u'J ~~ = -~ "") IJt 1~
J';J~ r 4:J'~1; f f Jlf ~ .:A = 15Vi J~J~L Vi /,~ ~ be
J L ..,.."

t.f L ()
L/ L/. '.it.A iJ' 15':;'Jt;,J. IJIju! .J L IJ/. '.it. -'-'J
f"" ,,~ " ".~,.., f'" ~ _.; f'"
.Pt '-? 'VJ~ ul.l.iv -Llf (;¥' ,-,7. 4:'- '-Ijo
r '-
vI fit" = .IJ' ~ I),J1UJilJ+t' (0 L'::::;
.:;,~tP,(0 .Pt L
iJI.:.v-~ J" L ufo. ~ u.iltl. Lvi .0' """,;lnl .I'L."~If
.Pt '-
.:,...

r
-1/If ..u.- ~I'::::; j'~.Pt Lvi
~ ':;Jvi .1/1.1)If c,CI r uJJ'J ~
)JI 4.l.J) Y/ 4l7. S~'~'J
L ,yl '~J~ J" f Ju~
16

-!rJ. j,r »--&1 z: L J'Ji J' ~J,J ~;f.JJ'


JIw lS/ JJ fj'. i- crJ I:Ih I)'J I)! J'Ji J (;;1/ L J-- .r
,J~~ JIw J; I)!l:lli-'J-"iL J;, ~ "e -'" )'~ L ufo-1j
~ jJ' 1/,f- ~'J.I. 1tJjC"/J} ~":"J~ I'v! ~~j Lv' j d'1 J~
1~;,4'): .L1.1' j J" ":"jJ/ ,J -:II' 2.... L r(i-' L ~~j "J
L~;, 15'..f'_rc ,Jf. ,J 1.1' jJ' k'JjgF'" j} L~;, lSj~
.,:..Gi.C>' JJj.t' jJ' L 1)'/~ jJ' 1~~j J " I)! ~ji L'J ~.L
lS~ ~ ~ I)! I:I'!' _L W iJj 1J~J1~LfjJJ 1u#. jJ~
1~fIJ b; ~;, lS,~ f ~ A.L u~,j ~rj'.tiy/. 1:I'.t1P-
,I ~jj L~;,4:' --&I ,I ,J ~ I,J .,:..~1.1' ~ LJ1 ~k'J ~
I)! 1lwj ,J 1.1' _rc t-J ..4""1un u" .,:...~~
,J 0.;4;' t-X/i I)! vt
. ::y' v! l:lli-'J-"i .LU)Jt ~ 1S.(' 0.' -~ " jJHJ i-Jj i£)"P.
'L~~J._t;r ('''-.::/, ~'J~~I unfiS:~Lj'.ti'
J ~ll 1.::/,~~ 1.1' ,It; J~r,3f..f' I)! uJJt ..fJt
tJ1j

v!I:I~J;:.zjJ' Jt _:'.J.J' '" ":"'~ .It_:,v! u;A-f I:l ~ -JL~


2- 15' _~j J~? r UYL1. J' L))tJJ" J~ ,J cJt jJ' ~1;' ......i1
I)!4·Lv' j ,J ~ f ,JLJ~.' f JP ,J uiLY ~ L4jj.
ui} L ~';'~,Po L u .("J.,:..si.C>' ~ A n' ~..JJj.' .,:..Gt.C>' i£cl
.v! ":"~'Jj) k P. ((i-I ~vlr,1"" ~ 4" nlZ_" ~,; t~ I~ V.
- _V"jJ'?:.JtJ
-
u)i
- 'I

J-"" v! _j. Lv' j -f' J!~ ,I~'-/.1t


i-J;.::,.t'1jJIw
j,~ LSJI£~(iii "- t) 1.1' jJ' v.r Jr J'. W-J ~~ j~'; JJ't
U'~
. JJ- J' -'" C)t 'k J'. '"
I)! dli-'J-"i I)' .1~L lSJ,f • -'I

jJ' J!r J'. Jj'.J ~1j JC"/ J} J-"" J-"" t!uit/ I:ILY jJ'
.f~,
L u~,
lS~ ..J) lS/» j tJJjj Ifh--,J J-- J' j..J) ~
":".)IJ
17

.JJ'uyLz~' (j..1v L v' -1/" k. tr " ~ t1."- uj ~ ~, ~ OLr.


.JJ" ¥'..!..~ V. ~, -v? ulJt"- ~ r. .1'Lt.Ji'~'; LiJ~ L u"..j
.s.-'J':"J~"";/;, L ur..1'I.l!)j Jr ..1'V L ~~ ~/
-OJ!,'..&;' tf0/ J.JJ'.JL..!..;v.
.:,./j~
J

Lr_/ u}»",':"lJI,L~~~.:,.''/' L(~ Lvr~.J.Jl) Jj


~.JJ',y' L u}1/ L ur!.J .Jl)Jj He. : J!~ .JJ'J! ,f :L"
-I/~';..u.- rU/.~ Ju".. a: Jj S-Li' J'I, -=<:U' JJ~'./'
1:j!LuJ.JfNJ.I' v.J~r .J~ J /IIJJ'.JJ'VJ.J'v.; c./. J~v.';:.L v'
,;-' ir.J J'/' rU},--,!;~, "-..:tJ JL" .J'.y.(~J,.J"" -Li v. Jr.J
"- Jj J;£.J;;1' f U/.~ .JJ'U},--,!;,;-' -1/.z v. uj~ ,;-'
.J1j~ f (1iJ J~ .JJ'r-? J.:,.~.:,.'j (/- (1iJ J~L ,-)~ L U';'
(jL U';'j L" "'J c./. .::..-"~ J~~~ :Jt ~i' J: Lr -Ih
_1/~Jbi"- ~, 2... L .:,.lfy ~,
fi "- v! ~,.1'~ J! -:,;:.~ r L,. (r L ur~.J ~

"- ..:tJJV' -L~ f UJ.JI1/~' IIJ.1'JJ>f J~ V' L .::..-"~


..:tJJufo.~, .JJ'~ ,c ....;r v. ufo.~ ..1v L ur~.J -:LA "
~; .JJ'1.57.DJ~ "- IIJ~ IIJ.1'1/" 1.5.J.¥'-: 2..... L ..:t'.J.JJ'~') fi "-
ti'Jy#J _.t.JJ L u,..¥ il'.J; L V' .:,.~'j'-:L ,) 1.1 c);;~
f";.J~ J ,J'OJ~/.S U;!" l)-t1~~'.JJJL ufo. .1",c -: ,;:. z:.~,;f

.1.JrjJ".:,.~S ufo.~-I.5Jfj/S u}l,fLJJ~; S ~(JA.JJ'


.JJ' ;!,c .JJ/" v. Lb: Y' .JJ'~LvJ lv j: ....;/ J!.Jr.::..-"J .JJ'
(r v. J--,; S ~ ;J.J S un Yo .1'OJ)~ (j:J~'j "' u~ 0:' L u"':'
~L v~ 2..... v' -lJ,c'~ &f.r v. J--'l S~' ~ do .JJ' J!f
~b:Y' .;_;/ Llf L u7~.JJ(j .JJ'':"'J~' L UJP/l J .J(;"J~~
-J~fl ~...f'$~S~'.JJ'
18

Ui.t~ IS~~ VI L11 L.I,fi "'.::)" 1S.Nt VI L UP)'" 1:


J1(:.,j ),1" J'r IS ff z: L ~~.r-" IS cJ~ ~ v! uiv., f tf- IS
4f1/ u~j ),1 i:..L'rJIJI. v!u,6.A~J'"),1 )I~j 'cJVi" J'r
-l J'r J: (:.,j ~ L; ~I, .:::;,VI ~ .e: L'r j'-; v! ..:)"
),1 i:.. L.lif)l~j '-Z (f{/ !- r i:..:li L u~/ljv! uiv.,
_i:.. z.r.J.r-',F ~I'- JLL...:,j f '-J.~,fl
ur~~ ),1 J',j L ~ J' L UP)'--;; //. L V'
.r IJ.Ij,l'LJlJJLcJl+~)tjpd i.LcJ~~/(gL
IS cJ' f L/ cJ....r IS ub~),1 ui~L jl)J)JJL .:.cJ/ IS~
,~1Ji ;JJI J; IS cJ' ",.lto~/;"i),1 tJ)JJ.J)~ ~.lj.( / u.itli
L uj~ )JI uir cJ' i J;.:.cJ/ f ~_I) ~ jl.t!l /J~
-J/ ,.1£ vf (;,J Jf ~"~I
J)j v! uj~:;-':;-' L U;~

)...f ",:,,'Yo~}..,i. v' _I) )",;, (..::/; IS cJ'", j..,r (/')j


r v:.;f),' V'/ 't')j L J~",:"i~ Jf (;,; tJf J~r 'v! O~J~i tJ

Yotf- ~~ IS v! ..;Lj L J )J:? J~~ IS V' -LJf v...::)"


)J"~

-!11JIiP ),'i); '- -?' ISu#'/ IS v'


L ur~J,-; _1J1 i,j / ~)Ij '- -?' IStJ),J IS~ f
'I) C11.J~I v! J..; IS cJ' '- -?' IS ~)Ij ,.1£ IS Jljl.:A IS U,.zC
v! I;/- .L. cf.;J/ L .,;:).? , ~ J ~)Ij ; L Ur~)d i.V'
)II,y (p..zC -v.t)j JIi )~ ),1 V)t: '(; ~/ 'J~r)J:?'~
),' )(11V ~ '4;.. eJ~ LI, t-L/.:tV ~ J! v.. Cl')J' I) '- U~~
Jj / UJ1~J~ f ,y' 'u1.l} 'U~'r') ~ f If. 11A.JL).';J VI.zC
)JI
~)Ij -lUi) ,'N.' ,J -». 'Jj)1. v! cJ~~ '- ~ V' _i:..
J1 ~J

JJ1 (;,J Jr J~• • J~ L cJ~~ IJ .1v L i,j L


J! v! ';j,j
Ji ).';JVI (iii ( tJJ;,. -v.t J~)"J' )" ~I,)'- uiJ;,.v! if.
JI" '
19

-?J,J(iii Vf _" C~J 4;; u! j~ ;; L ~~J~ f s» )~f "v


~J'~/1#.;;L ,-/Ir L JJJVf,J 4)JI ~fu! JJJ~.,J) &:.-
l'~ u! Jf' ,J u;.-~ )L)JP J,,: JJ.f L uJ.7.C&:.- ~yR -v
-i-,J k J.I,)! J~J~"'(',Jv'
J!u~ ij " J 0:), V- ur~)L) JP ctf Ai'v Ai'v L~
,Jj1 JI jJ' UJ)~'" 'UP)'" 'u.if~ 'U~f L ui!l~' -J! 4&.
&:.- -?J ,J V' -~ .::.-J ,J~~ )Jf ,J ~f &:.- --?J,J V' .JC ,J (f -</
,J '.f)G-J/ )~)J,f ....f ,,:",f,.1£-,,: e-</ ,J J JIP )Jf ui~jJIP
J-,J J> t.f JV),J UJ)~ JIP u! )~)J~ Vf )JI" C./ (f-</
,J u,di. )JI ui~jJIP L ui!l L ~f i J!,,: (i ~~)-:~
)J:? 'J;II ~Jj ftl ct~jJJjfJP -~ ~Jj l,j JiLlf J JI;- )Jf,J (f-</
L A)J,f )Jf JJ )..1;- r v' 'f,,:V- ur~ ct~ j,,-: J/ JJ)Jf J~i
(f -</ ,J '.f)ij ui I;z) (JY )~)J,f Jr -i- cc: ~ '/ "-U~I J u.if~
)JI I,,:1;. tf r ~~j JI &:.- ~I" "- --?J,J 4J J)1)' ,J Vf _r:£ J)~
-J L ~~j JJjI;,J Vf )J'~)_/f r'.f)G
vir $ ...(I,,)} JIr )JI J:r- J d~>. .d Jjf i.Vf
,J 2;. Ai'v L U.J~ ft )JI ,J -:::;u, )Jf Jtli u! J'- f i- CfJ
r uJ J J'- L uP. ct!l L vf '{)} U~J _Ii r:£ ~~.
i.Vf _L i!..". L LLt. (;; uk 1UJ:/' ~ -?J ,J vI -1./ !11~
,Jctv-JPzL :"'~f L ctf)J' Ai ,J UJ:/f'f i- J~-:r UP)'" ,;;
t)". ~V-JPz'-/ JJ)JI t)".JI -R. -v ~) 1J;
)Jj { .::.-~VI
J' ~~f ;JI '/ $1,-/Ir~":'-) ...(fLAi ,J ~I f VJ. ~J
+u!J ~~ 4J uiJJ ~I ~f.v -':.~jJI ~~
20

IJ1;;i.:::.....;iJI.1jr J- ~,:::"",P!L..::.-G.1,J;?~'-:'C;f).11 .
Po L ..::.v-~)~ JI.1j~r ~;Ir ~I.J. v.! JI.1jr lSi J- ~I-:
-: is' ~I.-- L ())~'£ ~ ).1'bJi- .J'I.--.J'I.-- L (~I ~k-- ~)IJI
",/(r 2_ LJ~.1t"lJJ,J (II fi ~)IJI -:L..::.v-~) _~ J1~~ IJ,}
/ ~ )I~I ~~)IJI -: fi J2 -IJ! L~ L -=--=~,J J; / ~;Ir i
I){A i ~f J1 ..JJ/ v! Lyf L} / (II )1; JI ).11 Lf ~
L ..::.v-~)_IJ1;; tf.. v! ~ .J I,)ji -7 Lf ~ -=--=~ ,J lSi~ Vir
LvI LI,.- ~ r ~I _tL 0) f cf.)r ,Ji L ~ )I~I ~JP ~)IJI
2_ L Lfl){ /"::'-fljl LJ1 ~y. L:# )I~I ~fife; v.! ;;)JI
L~ Jlj L ~ -..fI...J/ -: -~~ 2_ J- eJ~j.:::..... eJ~j.:::..... (II
_t:! ~ LJ1 L LJ1 J~I
~.::.-:!) ).1'
).1J 2_
r~ ';-,/ :::'_Ij,Je~,~('I L ~~.1k v! ..;Lj L J- J'"
-~ -:--»- r())'JGJ ,J vI I.)! J, L c.JI2_ vI )JI £;£ ~I;.
)JI..::.-:/

..f,{ J~,,:,,}, I,))r ~I .; 4--»- L 1,)) I,GJvI L I,))~ ,J ~~J~ J2


J;~ (fh-- o~,~
vI .:::..... J'" fV J11.11,.;>1-: /(11 L ~~Jk k .:.-<
L U"':I) I; ,J -vf
.b4i ';-, 2_ vI s:
.I.b4i r c.JI v.! )J ..::;u, );
())~S~ ~ Po S-?"i...J} SuJ;)I)~ ,} JJIU~~I)'uJ.li
PoI,),JI,GJ,J.::.-:!)~ V' _£ t:! J1)~,} ,JJI,Iji ~ J;~ ~h-- P! L
-rfJ1? v!u,-v ._i;// .,;.;)Jr} .;J/ ~ ~
-:_f,( t} v.! ""~ j,,(-v i't.f 15,JI,ijJ-: ~ uiy J~ J2
21

Po L ....fI e:_ ~.1 Lr; -i'J If LSI" ok-- el'-tl; elY J~


J....; ~
~ I;z.lC;v!":::;u.~ -i'J,J Jj(,; k", Li_ J L .,;:,j oJ el'-tl; !/'JJ
Yo I.)J.I)J~J .;-(,; L el'-tl; elY VI fi s»J) -:~(" 2... VI
~J~liJ".-I; v! uJi ok-- el' (I' ~ 'ko' v! el~J-'1 ~ .I1P!/,/.
1 Jr; ~ ~I eJkjjuJ~ ok-- ell...(,j L el' L.lIJI .I1J s:
1 J~
Jll~ ":,,J¢IVI; J/v! tS-tj ,Jell -:,J u}I-t1;elY J£
tJ
If uA .IJ'LS.I'J~J-~ ~ If uj~ JJ~ r" (!)'-tl; elY ~fi .IJ'
If (" L (!)V'J-'12...v' J!.'J'
./ r;.._LC; ~ (!)'-tI;....fI,J' LS.I'J~J
Yo 1 -I
Jr; .;-(,;L ~.I'J' v' fi k (!)'-tl; V' fi -: ,f e.J ~
-~ CYl.l,p!/' /.
~ Ik~.1 L J' LJ4 Jj ok-- .IJ' J-If J._G. d'~urf ,;1;
.IJ' tiJrIu;i'-; v! J~>. LS/JJ~ >. ~ ~j ~ J£~(!)~
~,~ vl.?,~..t- ~~ (~v!~.1 L V' ~ .I;"-J (~..(I t.l.lL...:.,}
r; viL ~...J} uJ.I~ L Un L uJ( f ~,,-:
,·l....fl ~v' ~
cf. u~f' >. >. v! ~ ~.I{ 2...V' ~lI'J} ~ ~ W .IJ'tt~J':;'-'./
JIP ";:'.Iy1 v' _L L.lJ} J..~ ~u?J ~I.I Yl ~ elLf.lJ' J"
J/J} If,_L.,} ~ .,;:,L# (li~, Yo -vf'~Lt-.I";: ,J UJ( >. >. L
,f Yl .I~-; k J-I'~ .IJ' (;,j '~{ ~)J' (li L ~~ J£ -v!
-~ ~e.l.l Yl JJA .I~e/'J ~(!)'k 1J,...:.,) k v!
-J ":"/U.l ~ ..(, If"'U.I ,~~ (Wi v! ,;Lju":,,p;"," v' lJA
~ uJ-t/( .:;-''/ ~ v! A.lJeJf~ ~ r; J" t 2._ L UJ.I'/-I:-,,:,,'
;) .I#u...(, f~~.) L5'..(' (LV JylJ ,;~L ,,:,,'_LV JY"J ,;~L
~ (!)'A
L~ ~ JY"J -;:"'.,J.I n' L~ ~ ,,:,,? I u}Lf ';_.Ij.L
~.Ij L v' .IJ'~ (;,j ~ ~ eJf~ ~ ,Jt -:2... L UJ.I'I-'I:-
"V L ell$·.1,;~~ V' L u;Lf -v/ ..::.-SIP ,J .,;:,~y,;'.1 'I-'~~'
22

f ~J~ r~~ JL P. ;I/.~JJI~ v i'; Lf'( / OJI/.~ (lSi


,-/;'L)~ l.L)'i) rL)r~J el' Sel~J;:':V- JiV Jj}JJJI/.~
~/.~ ,f-'I ",~ S ell.tl; L el' f ~~I,f-'I L)~ )JI ~ elLIJ ~I
-(;:_J .J!J
L (I' P. '-JIJI'J L..:,.--'~ ',j JI, ~)YI .Iii J; -f' ~
L (" ~I ~ ,~ ,~ U; p. >. S cfJ .
el' JJ'i:.. ~/"i .:;.,,,.~,
i:..
)'J: Lr ~~~)"J{ L), J!1 ,-;I,'"Jr'I L ttJ1~,r.",I",}
v',f-" L L)Pu,0/J, t:;;_,r): t)2 i:.. af J): /b)C S el~J~
el' S L)~( p. ~ ,f-' ~ 0:' J/ uk )J' ~ ,f-' t". eJ~;( ~~
L )~I ok-- L)~,.f£ j)' J.IP t:;;_ L),:}, ,;-' Lf f / Ui'J"';:
V- ~ S Ur.j 'JJ ,.;'~.:A) 1:U~JS r~~S oJ,;i ,f-"
2' S L)~ ~' ~ J ~ S~ ~ L u';' .IJ' J!~ I~
~J

~ -I./.! jJ Ji ")J vI; J,J.I JJI '" '..!-~ 's« V- el' Ui~ J!I
-:-.A:- JJI Jp.'~ t-J;C J ~j V- el' '"./-' ~ o;i oY. ,,?Ji V¥u,
JL..!-}L',.- ~ ( el' _i:..,f-' vIP 1I~J A J/ ~v L ell.l ~ t-
eJ f ~~.j"( JL..!-; S el' -~ ,f-' 1:)J' L L~ )~I ~ JJ'
-:-.A:- J/ i..,;-',;n' ;:_~,f-' >. J/ i..,;-'V- (" L el~J~
_;:_)'I~.::..! )J' OJ.I.)17
~ o~nl J(~~ '.:;.,~y~' Lfyl f tf- ~.I.1rJ~ v- b.lC
,_;I'I/ J~' / U) JI V- ':;"Jr' S-P. i.. L ~ JJ' t"ij, L
'" (t L ~j,_;l-; ~l)1"L)'-P.~ J'J /(1' )' L (t ( ~..z
f~ ~ )r~'V- uY.!i .IJI(', V- JJ,V' t)2 '" (t L JJ ,_;I)J'
if ,It -;~ CL,f-' ";J~,f-" Jr i:.. L~,f-' /~ ~ L)) el' eJ

f p....£JI,Lt IIJI!. i:.. L)' ,f-'..l>. i.. L )'v ,;-' V- ':;"Jr'


U

elf ~I f,f .../VI./;,;'.,.1v (v' 2.... v' ~j S vI ~ ,;J (.::/;


23

JJIJ~J )'V ( VI i ~J.1 L O'.-t' 0" ...i -lrf ~


l~ r.f. ,1756
tJ,,;l J/;L L [:.,j i ,;.:;,...1 i;_ i-.J JUf 15/ L JJ -~ ~ JI
V' ~ .J(ji _'Yl.J~'; ~J)'v ( v' J/;L L.:.JIP ,J I){i ,; .JJ'
-~f L'p L O'.-t' o"...il IJ} fl Ji I£.J.J'(JAJ.J~~/J} L
L I);l,f'~. 7.' I)~'(L I)~'( s:~ ~~- ...(I( I)~.J/ uJ 1:)1

~ v! I),b. .JJIJlj 1lr I)g! ~I fl J


.:;,...O.J'(jJ.J4-.::.qri'~
~ YlJ;Pj ~'.J (V .JJ'IYl j~' v! i.J,J ('? -I cf.jijfl J
14,J c)1 '~ 1-- ( JIP ';;'.JyI0" u IYl [:"J/ Yo ( I)P r.f. c)V'J.Pi
If.. -v! ~ 7.' c.f!j ,J do -I rf .:;,...
I)J.J~( .JJ'I);l,f J~ ojC
uJ /( jJ.J4- u~ L v' 1,J I);l,f .::qri~ r.f. c), ~ ( I)!.J'~ JIP
11);'-1.1 J.JI( (VL JIP ';;'.JyI(j v' s: z...~Yl J" )'v L c)1~
~ If.! .; JY ~1_jJ L.:.JIP uJ ~ jiG" J.JI( J/~ ~ b: J;jf).
_Llj / ,,-/,, J;:j Jr.r If I:)V'J.PiLJ If ';;'.11(-~ cC
,J ..d v' i- if'v: Yo" ~IP If cJV'J.Pi ~ (KEENE) I;!'f
eJ

=i-!';O:~'
_r ",;" ..
'" .:;,...I)JD It) £ e_ Yl J~..{/'''' V.. '" Yl ~t V V,l!.1V""
.? " ~,f ,,--

,J 1),1~ J:: .JJII)~ r.f. .=--'.1J',[~ 1/Yl J> ~'.J ( ('


V' '(L( c)1 ~ ,J cJ' f i;_ ~~ ~ Yo c)l,f -l.;;,f'
z...f '::':'(.1; V' "";J"" .JJ'i;_ z...f ~ .:;:.I /y O.J~( U ;L
1/,JJ v! f:l!j 4 -,-fl.J{ / '::".JJ/ If 1:)';:" L c.J' Yo f 4:
J!/- ~ .JJJ! t,j.J If.! ~, JI ,J ,;'7 ,jC o".JJ' ~ L~
J,J ~.J!h)J' 1J~Yl '( .J'J'~ i 1JYl ~ J.J~ v! (".
(J) tti;_ LIP Yl,,,.:;,...JJI.
. .
u f 1 J!.J,f. .;.;;,~V' I,YI.JJI '''J~I ,J IyJ.J r.f. LI7
IJj fi. L.::,,!.J v!....w.- v' "'./J~' I.JJ/ jj L Lf LYIP ~JJ
24

L"..J~ r VI ~.J}o,fIV k .J.JId-~ '.JI--,r»?L'~ L~ if'(;I~


.J.JI8~J~ tf.'7 JjlJI 81 f"f r:) tf.7 b 'b'i f uR-V tf.J.£~
';;:'.J8~J~1 v!);;f .:)>>J~Y'J}Vj'JjO.J{':"~.J~ tt'f~y'
cf. If'~~
J ,,:,,~, ok-- .J.JI ,;IV c.I Jy#.J ~ ~ (;IILf.J.,f. f (;I'
f~ (;I1i-.J-: 2.... vI -l J~J ~ ~ (;II.:)>> J(;I' u! ':".JY#
V. -1-. L v' -~f ~Vtf dJ f .:)>> tt' L L ~IP L un
L if. -!Y;.Jr ~f Y; dJ,j!; ,; u Ii~~tv u! JJj'd ':).JJ
-if'J~f~J....u.

(1)
J!
J (;It:--.J-'t f u.J.Jl J? J). L JI" ':".JY#ok-- J cJV'JPz
.J} ",IV J'.J:' 8~ _r' .J.J'8~.JJt.Jl J? .JJu! u.J.JJ;J? (;I' 1/..:t?' ....J)
.JJ' 1/(i j.J~.J~ ~ r .JL..!.,} u! (;It:--J-'tL u_';' -Vj' )j Ji ~
.JJ' o:t.)} r" J .L Lfi~ ~ ....u. v' f .:)>> 8~ (;It:--J-'t e- J
r';
s; fjR f I.).riJ L L 1.1' LlJ1'( L u_';' ':"~'J.JYo I.)~' J
);;f u! I.)Y...JL~ J v' j,I.:)>> y. c:~
j JJ L
7
II~ .JJt -!J

-:-'.,J.J
jJ ~ Ljt;. ~ L,j (ji~J~",IV"
~'.JjJII.Jk
-.......7 ~ ",IV ,;IVfi'Y.
-:-'.,J.J
jJ ~ u'J.J .::J J v,u,
.::J
....~'.JjJII.J~
_T""',. ~.:..I"..;IV.Jr,G~-"p
• v
~yl -..p .LL ~ 6{_j./.J 1~
~~,O'~ u1Jf L vI
.::f V!,2.... L Lf Jy#J ~ -: ~I/Jy#J -:-'.,J.J uJJJ i)u; ~
J
"' vI ~I/Jy#J IIJ~ ~ ..:,.fUr:,..' cJI~ uY-.:.."- .JJ' OJ 'Y JL
J cJ'b uIV...fi,...,.. .JJ'uIV,,:,,~r'uIV OJ.JJif 'Jf~} L ~y',f
25

~ L L)IVj! J'IV of J'J} '- Y. L c:!V- k'llfi; L L)i U! L


(2) -OJ'-J C)~ fA fl
r.v! p1757 L
..:.,; v' ~ lSj~IA..:.,; v' J,,~jJt j'
L,,~
/7 (:I~ fi L'; L. ,.,~, Jr.".,j: L).f-jC
/lJ.. ~ JljJ 4f v' 4fjL
L)';
~

.._i;I,; 'j{ 2_ L ~ v' -v..(~


,;L..1.r/-' !,:r ~; 'f-'
:f'f- r;Jf ~ r"lS".p~ ~C" ,r ~J ".J'6"~.JL',r~ J'.
J; rLVe-" ~,~v L J~ J{ ,,"-fI L (:IIV l!:"
('!; !J,,h> J;/-' -v(6" J.' .J~' JJj "Y~j L 0";1
~!)f~v L c) c.t' J{ "JI ~",ffi ~ L~ ';_jj L
"J!; '- .,:,f(l,;..' J(:11,- r:/ L L L)';' P.L if JL);r JJ
,;-' L L)H '- A L ~'Ji 1(~jL":"; jJ' ~jL '''L
......Ii Lt! AJ:.) J/r (:I' 0'2' 'L'j ~ ,-j(jJ' ci~.::.-!J;'y.
J; '-.:A -k' IJ'fi; '-..:tJ J.::",;
L L)H ,-.::..-f. ..
L c)' 1lSJ 1j L L)H .:I- ''-/ '- ..:tJJ f! 4f ,,:,,'Ji
v.!'- ~ vI OJ;J/r,; ~ L; JJ''-J/ J!..:..t~
(3) "I,,:
y

:f V1Z£"J_£{~J! LO'yv'/-Ci /-
'~ ....d ,j: ":"j' J j jJ' '-~":") ..L:!.u jJ' (:"j <d'.JJ) O'~"
jJI ~ Or 1 L)i*. -k'.I~1L)HjJ' JJ'j jj 1L)JJ'JjJ (LA
"j~,;;; '- v! L)~ J~ LIJ' 2.....:.,'(/
'1O'.J,r~ J" JpLY U;:J "j u;:AiJ 'U;:Jjj ~.
J!2... L J~~/ ~ /-,'-Yo '-Yo ~ ,r Jiv ~ ~~ L';
i....; -lJ; l:f. J L)JJ'(iP. C)I _(;; l:f. c,C"/
..••••.•••• ~

........ z....f ,r.7 4- JL)j.J1z...."j (' i....~


~J ~,~,

fi;!JJ'J 4f (:I' .JJ'Lf ":".1' -:,j: j';~fi ',j: ry.-I !fiJ'fi


26

_/ L)L?--V )"~Jt-,'~"r,t.:;./ ;;'O:t);...J)


..... ~ ~.f JJ_; ,-:"C JL);!' cJ' ~ L)fo _fL rt cJ'" JL fL J. _
~'£;£«.jC L)LT.'(~~LQ'J~ ),' j,)a ~~ ~; L'" ..,
L I)~;'P ',j J~Ji..f I)~" pL S ;liJ
_, IJ'? )J' I)~~')'~ '/
IJ')rt .jCJ~ S./ J'r .I £ 'i-) J. d:1J L I)"'~ cJ' s: is
/ (~ r._" IGJ _; JIh ;;'y L.k-- JI; t!rf [J Ir ..f L)~ j
(4) tt~ ~ S
_;.f(; 0' J:.Jj cJ' r.(.0') ~~(,)rn/u) 1/
(2)
~ " ~~,t. S .:;.../.I cJ~J~ ("V L)L ..;.,~
j~ )JI JJ).tl
'l)j;Lt Jrt Ji ,-' j Crt~~ S){ e )JI eft 'J'J ):f~ ~k- v"
lJ'y /-r S cJ~~ J' _crJi..f )JJ ~ ~I))I,J)J' .:;...t~ ,-7.'
cJI -v! 4!rt OJ~ S J!{, oAt. J
)J' h' L v' ~cflj r. J:. .:;...JJir
li'; ),1 (" J:. _;LjL ~ J%~)J' )~, v' s: .k L))JJ '-/.

(v L ~~ ,.;,['
r
J:. _;LjI'.t~ JiJ' cJlJ.'" J:. cJ~J~'~ rt J~ 0;), '- t,j L))JJ
J:. _;LjL JIJj vI f); if.rt 'f''' '(:;1/ ); vI
JJ'JL.fuLr "J~ 1L)H,,(t L "':""'),
'Po L Lrt ),j L L),;lJ'
L '-/ JJ ....fI fl)l; L J~J~)JI ,b;j (_.M; ok- " ~),f-' Jf
,f-.I J' UJLJf -r>. L L Lf JJJr J' ~J~ ';-1" ~f ~j
S ~J -r>. £ L.ffp ...J) S I)J)71))JJ cJlJ.'" )JI J~A j " cr
# J:. L)~ )J' I)J)':; 'L)# 1))/ j J".:;...lf ,-I)"'~ n' I).i~
-Lrt
J',j L L),)''V,~ I)';' do L _;Lj,-:"?r,,v' t,j)'Ir-,j2
;; u ~I~ 1 ~~ if.L ~ (_.M; o~)J' J~'~.f _i" )J' 1~ L
27

L/(}.::}J) a: ~iJ JjJ;I)' J JjJ;1 1.,lJ" JrP ( .::}J) ~ -V' J'


L~; ~ c)'i.
A..:..ic) £. L/ (} .::}J)/L "::'-?ii'-t.d' .1 (

()uj '::)JJ Sujj O.l'J;;.IJ'i'£, ()uj ~ufl Jlj .IJ'..1J c r


'~.::}JJ~' '" C~ V'~j" v.. ~;lr~ v' '/ ~
(1;.-"::'-:1 ~
"' c)!/:: S(I.l JtJv~' ,:,iJI 'J1
J v.! '~c)tf. JI v.. ~;lr"'L/
-V'v/j'.t~ ~J".I;~'..t. ~"",,~
.IJIey>'Id'j L ~;lrLJ~L J'Jj DJ/ iJ' L5Av. l)ly J J

S~u;,. L vI iJI~" 'v r I~;lrey{ -..fl L if. -v/ vtL


L vI I~"t§;flP-z c)'i• I))'!v.! ":::;11, v.. (I' SLi' J.I;.-
.J -:

L V-J-Mf v.. J."~ lr,f 4- ...f'-: J I,r S ~u;,.


J.J ( ~; ~J

~u;,. .JJI " ~ !I'du;~ L OJy' J l)ly j'. ,i:.. ~ J1 J~ ..::.-~.Ar(Ii


J} L c)'i•.J vI 'JL (ti:l ( vI "::'-.1; U.,:,)'J/. W' V' I s»
V-J-Mf 2._ L c), 1'~jl2._ L JjP ';-, '1Ji'r I..::.-~.Ar L L5J~I J1~
tf ~ j;~Jf c), I JJ ,;-' ~ J".I;c)1..i'iJ' V1f CJ1; .IJJ ~ .JJJ ~/

vi' /i ''f- J~Z/i 'v.! I~"f 'f- ~ J~JI ~J -: flJ ~ ~J


('JJ

: I.l!. Li' J~I,)S ..::.-~.ArJ"/- (f/- 'e/.J JLI,r S~ L vI I


( u~I ,_r. ~ u1 JI cl (t
i:.. v! t j .,...,..-: ~ " L ufl ,.:f.
1~i_/£St~Lr
( ~i

c)V .fl _I / .'1
".
..::.-'.1 L' y y

( Oij'.C u1 'f- Dr i,) I / J.


( oj ~) A 'f- .I? ,f.!. "' v' "
~LV c)1 V' ~ JY S J~I
( or /i u1 V- el.J I;J -rt---'
28

(3)
L J,; L ~ u~'~(~,-:"j .JJ' fJ'J u~ Lt' ~ v~
~, ~ C~VJ~' ~.Jj /i e: L J~~u~ .JJ' u~ j~S,LjV e:
(J S J' i!I t::... 0'I;)L)I '7- j~~~t uJ SJ~' J7~v! ~;~
/' JJ~ ..1-7- C~ IJ.:'J t::... ot S,.;J ~ 1J;,.- a" /i 'C.f~

~~;.~ v! (f1852)ttJJ~ en ",:,,0"~' L u";1 L~ I~ v! f1786


_~1fE .9_}
,y •

":':;JLiJ 4-:- .J~1.J-=-'" L -=-'" J) ~ J ..::.v-JJL ..;L; u"


~u~~ .JJI u~ ..J. /1 vJ.JJ.JJIYo..;v. 'LIJ ~J
- fJ'J /y,.L~
~ ~JY ~ LIJ Lj~ 1.::..tJ,~ .JJI u~ clJ -=-'" (~ "'::'!"
S.Ii J.::..j .JJI L~ i5 t::... ~I.J L .....;1)1 J J~(0 u j
~ / ~ -=-'" L -=-'" (.).If)JIJ L~ &: t::... ",:"y
J '-:"'"/ LI OJi.. ~ I;) Ib Lr-:jJ.JJI.J~ ....•.•••. Y..::.v-./. J
" , " .,'/ tAo ."

.Iv v! Ji (J J JliJ.JJ .JJI.....;~ v!j S Jl?-' '::"?.J jJ.J


y

~"; 4-- (v" L'o;(v ~ . "':"~.JI.••..... U1 'T.J


.JJI '-'_., -~I4-- ' LJ..." .,.
L UJ!JJ .JJIU~~J~f' ~ ~yuld ..;;IJ •.•••..•• .J~ (
1J'~.J~ v,...~LIJ L.f (}p JIP t::....JYV
'::"~J

......~ L.f Ju~v! .Y St; 1..:.-,;: .JJIL~ v~~J~


(1~.J) o~,
.JJI~ I;)IJ.J;t -=-'" L -=-'" «IP) 0''''~ ~ ....
(5)tt~ J.!.JJ u1Jyt .JJI.::..j vlP _~~I~ (0 L (0

(4)
J' if. 'ti -" ~u?'; .JJI ur1.J J~J~ J'~IJ I;)~J;:.z
L if. .JJI v! J1.J (j~.J"V .J"V L uJ..; ok-- J! JJ.JPJ~0
29

z_ VI '4:...?-.J L,-; J....; v! '::'-.JY'J...G. .JJII.)~ ,.;IV J!cJ'~1V


fi '~ ~j r Jiv tf.-~ J;- .J~ r(i !,jJ ifJ'. cfij L cJt:--J~JI
-fI O!if2.... VI -4:... L,-; ~/- v! cJt:--Jk~.J{ .1(,.6 L ~j
O!j JI2.... VI -~ J' t tf e- >. -(II tJl;(0 cJI"' (t L ~j
.JJIL~ 1/fil.)l; L,-;~/- cJI s:(/ &/-
0' "'" "' J~ VI 4
.JJItj.J'JGJel?J~ f ....;/...f"::;J vI L~ Iy....;~ L ';-Jf,-; fA
or,-; J! r ~J ~ JJ";I t)i.t1v L tj.JJ)f'JvI ct o~~ JJ";I
Vl1uJ:r)i f J?1 f;> oj; L cJ~Jk JI ~ LF1857
v! ....
~,-; .J~.JJI ur:j .I; vI eAJIr ~~J~ .r ct'L~ _b, J~~ ...t
L J";I (j .Afv L.JIV L vI -~ f,.; ~Iv. --:.1. r~J.I! vI u f~
.L ,-;
J'!u Jvi ~"' ~ vI :t)i .JJI tt. ,-; O! ~.Jr (0

(5)
L cJ'~1VL vI el?J~'~ vir JI;f -(I "' .Jj?I5J~ vir f
-# .I lZil ~-~ ( !~.J -# Y JJ~ -# .I 'Zi' ~.I IJ~ .JJIFY I \:t(i.J I
L Lr-'"Li 1.::/..1 .JJI(~I L .JlZiI';-III.)J.JIJI L ..:.v-!.JL
'~I/AI J~;.J1v';-, Lf e- .::"JJJeJ!;~ u!; .JJI~ 1/J~I 2....
('I' 2.... L Lfl.J{ I.::.-~Ij IcJl.JJILx .::.-~Ij I L cJI~ -?J JvI
~ cJI.JJI J,-;.::.-~ ~ I.)A cJI~'~ e:. JY'J ~ u!; ~ u!; ~
vl.::.-)j -tJJ J_,,; tjJ~ J{L I.);l/j I,-;! .JJI(!:.:. 2.... L JY'J
L if.J$ O/{JJ.J~ -J,-; ey ~ Jv'..::).? J,-;/~ ~
r
~J J ~

v!r. Lf ...fI...fI '-/.:.1;J~I J~;Ir-V";L,;Iv! (I.?


I.J{.IJ'
J!'" J.~ b.JCL.JIZiI ~"L,-;!{ budl L -# .JIZiI~c: Vir
vI vt ~J;;~./.ey I ~;Ir(0 j tJ~ t'.Jj JW--I L vI fr-f &/-
J

(ttd'"' vt'" Ji ...::./~


e./JJ .JJJ u0~ J~ f ~z_
.JJI
30

r
J.~ L ~.,dl,j-I(i 'i-' (I' 'J Jv JI;)!r )JII:Jr,lI L (I' j 111
If..f f' ,-,I j L~j )l.ti!l'/. )JIi-f .:;.,;;'-' J~Po (j). }i I,)!
-'f-

:Lfi'

-1

Keene, H.G. :Hindustan Under free Lances, 1770-


1820. Shannon/Ireland. 1972,
P.42.
147-146- V ,1930 ~ -JJJ~j)J:> .:,..-'~) b)C: 1.)1; 4fl f -2
:",'.f.-3

Ganda Singh.:Ahmad Shah Ourrani, Bombay 1959,


P.P.168-171.

124-123 V ,1957 JJ (.J.; JJ)I) J;.,.JJ/-I//--4


554-550 Ii,1966 )11~(JJ J:?J - (.fi ~I J-I: ,f/) J A')J-5
31

+~~ 1/?...t .I'JJ' JJ~; .IJJ I( cJ'.t!;~...t cJ~J-"1

SJ-- ~,...t
J~ cJ~J-"1 L I.)';'...t if. .IJJ J'M' -OJ; .IJ'J'M'
.I J1~.,; ,,"./.~ .IJJ -: -1/ I'" .IJ' J,,,:v "" j;~ ~k--I V' .IJ' J'j
~.I' L cJ'.t!;~...t .IJJ J'M' v' +C~J1 -v.P~~ ...{;J'
v'..L v.! ~i.
.IJJ J L J,2....
'J~ -:", I,.;J
r
v' I v.! 'J~ l~ J
I(cJ'.t!; ~ .IJJ-: -LJ1 v.! '-~ J! "'~ tJ~ L " .:J ...t
~ I.::.J.> Ji, .IJ'Jor' ScJ'.t!;;;-' IJ v! ..I-_" .IJJ I(~J.Jf J~'
"".::.J.> S.I'.t!JL.:J cJ'-",;re: f" ~ v.!' J'£..L T.I.I
.+If .1(1/ "" c,C J.:J v.!'.::.P ~ 'AJ' .IJ'~;f J1,~
I.)Jj'-/ JJ L '-;~ II;/'!f.l' L cJ'.t!; 2.... L ~ ~, 0''
J-- n~ _J! S(U ~L,....1J ~~'J.I 2.... L ;£.1 ?,.IJ'/./. ""
~tJ1.1'''''...tJ~
't'.6.::"J..L ~J 2.... L cJ' -J/ '-J~' L
cJ'.t!;O.l,,! s»-:~ I(~~'J.I cJ'" J I(if' t.f.l~' ~~~ "',;
,:,'~ -:-.Ar I(~ "" cJ' v! !'.IJ' L~ ~...t I.)Y7J L r,j o/./. S

.II'" v.:z~'...t cJ~""",cJl.t!;~...r ;!'!If'J1 -: ~.I( v'


',f J'., JJ1.1,J ,,".1,/ .::..? ~k-- ScJ' v! Pl~}i 2.... v' _" ~
cJ';t!; Y JJ JIf I JJ1J,~ .I; v' .::,.:}? J;r ScJ';:!; v' ,ji!
_IJ c:Cf v.! J! .I"; I(~ ,.t. Sv'
32

(1)
:/- ~ ~I; J/,.J ,"?fi Po L (~, L .r~ L J'
cJ'_t1;
ii L ~'! (j.l ~%.J!!J:i~ ,f ..::.-~Ji'J "";iJV Lv' J2 -~
~ uL..t'~2... V' .» cC" c:t'! r';;; vI? f J!JIV. J.PoY" /.
./"'_t'~' ~L.,!~ 1./,Jj ~II.)J.I'.J:_fJ (0 L';;; f J: -=-<:'J.I
~
eJ _rr L.,!~./ ~ v.1.),$ L ;'.lJ.lJ)~' ~.lJ'L.,! ~./.I~ L
~ L/.i ,ul? Lj '-x L;:p~"e V!.I~ ~ J/2... L e~J~
/.', Lj Lv' L_/J~j '[!fcJ','.!J"-.»lLJrt.lJ' ,f"::'-J&!
L J_t; L '-JI? I.)L.;: -~./ ~ v.~ LJ~r /.i 11.)£j,f vI .lJ'
~ ~ V. "::'-JGo! ~ "";iJV L'.lJ!J:v.~, v. ,,1719 ''-.l,J J'" V:!,
A eJ.lJ' J".:,.;~e;J.I~ J!~ .;;;~,f v' J2'~~~{.;;; ./ J(j
J L vi V. if. 'P. L J:,.;I; 'e~ .I'JI.)L.;:-~~ b: o~'- e.l~JJ
~ L J~rI.)L.;:e~ IJJJJ' J L.!-'"- ,;-' L v' j b: '~J~ L." ,JJU!
L:j L V' .lJ'e~ .lI_tL.;:.»l "'.li L? '~J~ L/.' t)-~./ ~v.
('..JJ.I~ J~.lJ'~ 1.)t.~..J Y
JII. L-", 'i-'_~I./ I rJ~':t'vI?
_t'le~
(1)-~1.f,,

!b: '~J~ d fl) CL ~ "I) JI I cJ'.lJ'.J!


v. Po L /. ~j
UJY' -i"j .JJ' ;Jj.lf v!~ 8J,l_ t:.~'- L"L.t' ~,J.Po'L.,!
cl.l eJf]? ,-I.)~ 0% .lr jf ,l_ 'f-.I ; JjJ{ .A1L-- L
~f ..::.-'!'.I..J'
vI f'[~1./" d v.o;~ k .I;' V' ,-,-~~ { d./J(j'- ,.;1;
,f ui'" (j{I.)J;( ~ L v' jJ' J ~ .::/j ,f LI;.J: ..$'-;( L
J'!./ rjJ v. J.rL L." :£jJ'~ 8)1) ~ -toJ J,J u! cJJ.!,f V' JJL
clj JII. r v' p. L V' 'i// IiP! ;;: ~ L ? jl?J~i.. 1.1' ~ ~ "
e~ ..J .P!L v' 'I" (~...».0".1 .1•.1 j~?:! ~ tf ~f',,, '~J~ ..J.uJ1

_~~r~.;;; /J(j ~JII:11-' ,.$ .P!L~Jv81


33

JUf L v' i '.t1 ,J~1.)1; J~ ~


.r~ f~,
v!~; .I» L e~ .J
L~ S....6." (t L V'/ b:e~J~1'-J!? L JJ'~ v.
,;-'L I.)?;L.~ .I'.t~ -~ ~ .J~I? e~J~eJ!? J/':;;'J V' i
V' ~ ~.J.r '- >/ V' --?/ ~ Yo/.' 'i../ A ,-;'J.JJ L I.)vf
~L ~~, cl.J,-I.)~ O!!..I~ji 'vf.J~' tf L
/.J,~} 1(-'./.'

--
(2)_VV.Jt: L
-
~, ej'.t'~v'''L.t1.,:...'J' V'"I.)JJ!? f LJ.t; S AJ~v'
~~ C/'J'Z ,-l.)i.J1 i ~ )v.'J ~ ~, v!~ ,....cC ~ ~61'- .I,J L
..::&.,:...~ ~ ~ a '- JI)' '-/JJ ~I tJ~ L v' ',-I.)~y --?'}
Cf,.t1J JJA Jll1' ~ !.t; ~I i..vI'" J.t1 ~ .,:...;~ISLf
J~.t1 I~ ":"'k",.P J ":""J~ J'_'; v! c)I '- ?-.1 ..1lr-v! I.)i.ll -~
.1'1 ";;-J. L V' .J~~ s.'f-.J? .I? v!'-.J~L e~ .IIJI.)~ -v!'
8J~ L L/I.J{ 1.,:...1:11} i"- .JJ'Jilr-i J ('.Ii -v"JUffA i~
~.J.J~".J} J1j tJ '- --?JS if- -~ l/e.J ~ ~ JI.JJIv~ L ~I
4)i ,:, .JJII J.t1'::':;';J ~ S~I i ,:,v! J.t; S~ v' ,2_ Lf
j;~ ~tJ If!!. ~ v! A J ~ ~ ~ -~ C.t1 J'1v ~I J J/~~;
L.t1 i..J: f " ~ Ji vI tf '-
-~f J.~~.,:...111.,

(2)
. J.t1 ,I..&:' SJ. ,:,1; i..L ~~ v! ~'.tl;f ~,:,~;
L;P~
LvI
L
-v!.t1 v! ,:,L; L/.
,y, ~I ~Lb: e~J~
.J
"j
.JJI1/
.JJI .I'.t~ 'JJI .IJ~,y.,f.
e~
.t1.JI; ~I.)~
e~
i..L,:f J
,:,1;
,:,1;-=
P.
/t
J
-J.t1 ,~ Jiv ":"'.JyI(j ~ v! ~. L I.)~
JL/ J'1v.:.eLt S,yl~.J ~u
';-, fyl -= i t; e~J~'-J.J,S,y' eJ!? JI
f" ,:,1; ~I ~
J.tf~ 1-=S'-J'?
~ i..vI ',-/ J'1vl:J
v! ..1~
34

'bJ/ L cJ'.IJ'J. v. J~If v' _LJ ,.,JIY ~ ":'~Yu,bj '" uki e:


.IJ~u, JC;:, v! ":'.Iy1 If ~~~.IJ' If JA If/. t-j
L ur. T rf '"
-'-;!'JI:f.
Lrr '" J'/ If cJ'.IJ'./.v.'-~ Po "- e~J~~ Po L/. t)
.IJ' J'./ If cJ' '~J~ j L; .I'ti!/ J. :tI' .IJ' J;../ '.;.,J.Io.r->. Po L v'
"J
CJ'rr J! lu?Y." If J v! -rf" v'''£ LJ!rr ~ ,"..:.s:Lr
J'1,..:.s:lt If ~lr. .I'ti' ~ e: L,f .::iIf uJY ,;--' ..:.~ .IJ' "
~ I.;.,J.I.IJi (1Ji L u~,~ If.~..J v!' Jf~.1v! J>I SLf
JJ

iiJ vJ~' v!~ I L v' j V'~bt'~J~ 1Lt,L cJ' fi f! JI'


,j
eJ

~,tbt.J ~/.l'l/l.'V J, L J. '-t'Jt.~j.1 ('l)-Jv:.J-;",.J.I


.~ .IJL!..£ "'J:.!J L .::i~ -TJ If Lrr Ly '-;:,~ 'i.' .k. £.
I IfLif .JJJI ~ uf.r..J!p Ly ,;-'J .::.:tJ J.v...J LJi
v! ,j.rr..:.,,,.,.I!/'" If cJ' s: .I'J:.!J L.::i ,. '-J!p JJ -v!' v..
.t~ f /. .I,;) If UJ:tI' " ~, J' J .::.:tJ v.. '-~ L ,1857
-v:.J bt'~J~ l.:::5.u,,.:tI'
~Lz .I'.ti' ~"'J~IJi f ~-:;.. ~ Lrr .I'J~',f L,f .::i
'~J~ U;~ ';-,J} eJ '(.) v' _Ii Crr.l~1~J ":'~Y'Jki '" uki 1
~"f L v' v.. .IJJL)i .~.IJv. _fL ~ LrtI ;.-z; ;.-z; J S
'-J!p _;.I" .IJ' L.v:.J J"" v'
":,,iIJ ( '~J~ eJ f i:... i~ J! " ,,:..~
. .
_Lv:~. ".•I'

(3)
cJ' ~J; .Is/' ,".1';-1~ ~ L 'u#. cJ' L " ...:::;
.
r? v..u?Lz...$J
UJ.I'J:./J L ':::;'.IJ' £ L~ rr fY' ~ u~ ,;1;
If c.!' .IJI Cif11r.I~,;-'Po L 1.::5 '~J~'~ _i:.. LJ .:.,;:.V ~
35

f,,,-:,i. r v' 'Lf~'; J'j~ u}l';J;I


J ~I Lf J.iI A~'~
UJ.J v?Lz J ,y,..L LJ Lf ~ ~ rJr LJ-- ~
J rJl.t1V .r ~I j ,:, r Ll~~I V. ~ L '::)JJ J JL .IJ' U/.~
f ~.-?JV' L ..Jl,ll":"Jlv'Hf!, _r (j J ...J, ,:, ,JJI~.JJ~ r U-"JGJ
f ~"JJ., fl['JLi "..:..~VI I.'" .JJttJ.~ .J r 'YJJ!.<' ~I
JLf ~ V. J, IJ; L e! .s« ..Jl,l,(iii 'J.JL~; L
U~J
r ''''J~V. ..:..JJIreI'~.IL~; V. cP'.t.Cf J~.,f~t.fI IUP'V')IV
LeI'.IJ~ ~'I" .I'; J J'ju;~L ,y'
.J~.I~".IJ'~.J ~ .IiJ JI
f.liJ / ~ (? ~I fv rIu-t1~ j I[~ ~.:J I~t)~
v.
Lv' uv!? u/ JJ .JJ'uLJv' fl/l[.JiJ / ..:..JJIrrJl ~, -LJJ
I/~JJ fi~ ~ (?f w~'.:f. v! 1j.Jf ~';.JJ J (.I u:l'J/
-I/v ifJ~, jJJ~ VI- .JJ'I/vf -'i v.'-/
~L J J -(I.JJI
f LtJ~ u.Jr~I ".::..P J..:..7JrJ'.t1V~LJ:,J.J .JJi (JJ;(4)
~,:::; I(Iw.'" LV' v 1/v..J' 4'L .::)j/ rJ'.t1VVI Lif.
~, _I" ''''J~ V. Po Po 'Ji IJ!? -"'~ ~ oA ,.r-"i J VI f.JLI
(JJf -1[.11; J J'j IutJ!?.JJIuj.Jl J (?I[.J,f. ,,'/.1 ~v ';-'
,.f..J';~" r)J~ fl" J~ 2.. vl'J.! ~~".:J I~.JI~ L .IJi
-L! L LtJ.~.6 ~ IJ't;P1w L..Jl,l, Jlt -~ 1/% Llj'....ti
L fr Iv §J .JJI(?' L e"'J~L Jf ~L
• .J

(S}-I/8.lf rJ.~'
":"~'J

c,C?' r r)1(Iw e"'_' ' J~f j I"c".1 r uf1Y V. rJ~.t.Cf J~~


rJ'-v if
V. ..?~L,y' eJ'~

,/ -(I~t c;l..J' (iii r)cf r'''J~ L~..v J'JLlhl.J )1Y ~I/'J-.I


'''J~f~ IJ .JrJ r v' vf f JLil / .:;",,!IjfL '''J~L vl-v b:.J
._L,£ til ~ J'/ ~I., JL ~ IGJ .::¥//. .Ji .JJ'JJ~/. JJ ,:,I;J.Jj
J,i 5 J/ ~ .1'# J LII VI -lJ"",-~~
d-h ....j J JI,.V
36

2--~~2...';-, '-- v! efl) viII (jJJ.L e~J~2-~ II'y.:


-~ L! !J efl) r LII' ,;ljJ) tf 1ubI?)JI UJJI? ',J. '(/ "I
""I:)I}}"'JL e~J~-~ C",f.!/- L J; L.ly,f.!1 J'. "':"V
£)JI
-JjJ-", 15vi )JI.J JJ '",I; b~r vi J'. 1:)1 2- LlI'tll' ,;IjJ) y.
',-- ,":"L? L,I. -£IJI '-- v! ub::r' JJ ,Jvi ulJi L vi -lJ"
-~ rr PI?J~,I. r-£1ft vi' vi
')'-lJ" v! elt- JI ,--~!,J &:t,..J1(lSi 1uy"jJJ. L e~J~
J~i)J?,.f/ -£I.s: Lfk! J z.r)' ~',JPIL Lf)??J ~~
)JI J!~U;~L d....JI(lSi y. ~ uJt.' I r' ~ 1e~J~L (lSi L
_JJ.,f.! ;; '-- J'. 1:)1re~J~
Lvi r
jl" L.'_.rJ'J I:)~JkJ~'--~! 15UJzy Ji.l.5j ~
...:..~)JI L! !Jf =--.,J) 5000J~JJI re~J~f!J e)? ~ I.::/! hY
L! !Jv!/.! (i ,:11 .J JJ 'e~ JI-J.! OJ v./.!/ ubI?J
/.!y. 1I:)I~I;L V')JI e~J~-1J" ~i ,J,;JJ~30,000'-- if-
&:t,..JI (lSi;; v! vl.l tf- J" ~i ,J,;JJ~JiJ 7 '-- Vi ~)i tf-,f I.5J
)Ij/. e.J r vl.J(' tf-l'b '-J v! ...:..?) IJ)I1/ hY J~tf- C"d I';
-r-)
Jt -~)(~ '--LII"~.IJ'. Jif 15c[..J1 (lSi J.~ (~e~
'-- V"~ v! Jif 15.)1 ,.r'1j -(, u v! ,;Lj L (Perron) I:)~
~J

,--' J~JJI rvi fIJi I,=" v .I~,f L vi _I" J~ 7- A1~L vi


I" ,;eJ tf- J!" J/.J)} 1.1 y. Li Li J vi .J(',-1' JJ.~IJ~
-,-f
e~ , ~ JJ v! JI.h~.1 ,s ._.g J7- ~~ ,,1803 L eheJ;~
"'
J7-; .II :r/I~fi -0' J'..I} 15UJ:t!'l'~-'"'--.I} tUhY (~ Il

"".Ii' J'.1-( L.~ ~b:7-f .:)1, 15 f fV.llJ r vi L


e~J~ I ~J
37

-v:! '.'1 1.:1'


1;J'..:.-IIP 0Ji'~,.!-.!,(~,~ ~ '.'1 ~,...{I; r ..:..tJlP 1:)'
f,rJJA.::/;o'~J~~ c-~Lv"JLLJi' >'O'Y'jJ'
f 0~ / 2... L Lf t'" ~u, "'~ '-t' L J[ _,fv J'.,.,; JtJ
_;~ ~4~.I L JJ -i~'L~oJfF ~; ~; ~u, J"~J~f
,;..lJ' ~f J} j ,;.i_ L l.)iY J~J~ ~/ JJ f~f e /'~J~ L
,;. ":,,iIJ J// t:JY J~J~ If'eJ c- ,.Jf;(6)~ i_ L (' If' V:!'
/ j.}J V' .lJ' s: ;£ .I'} j.}J r J[ /'~J~ A~.J' L J{(7)_~J
r ~; ~r I~.I'J' V' L eJ 2..."" .lJ' £ ;£ .I~", Ji'
~~J~

.~.lC ""{I;r .,:..r~JL.v,loY' f t::... ~...(,


~y~.'.~.I_;;" U-' "" _£ 2::...1..
,f tf
L f1857 -~ ~ ,JI; r.,:..r~J~ f If ~ C,r v:! ~ rf1857 fi ~
.lJ' V,),J ~.l1f' _jl,J1; ~ J'. ":".I~ 0/JJ '~ b:..d' ~ / ,JI; 1.1'
:'C,r L(L

(4)
J'. Jv ,.,; c-' L u,..:,j F J'..:.-IIP J'uJ:Jr ~ (~ ,~
Lv' .lJ' (~,~ -~ 0: I:))'; .lJ' d'/ o'~J~u~OJ~J oJ,;rJ1~
p ~ i»i ~.I' 0 L,r a;: Lv' .lJ' t:J'.t1;f 2... L 1.)_P.i~
....
j 01.1' .lJ' ~ ,v,/ rt:J'.t1;,;-' 'J C- ..:J? J'L,r '~J~ -l ,f cf.
,fiYo c-' I.)!,;.L; L I.)J-v_ -~f ..:)t;( J't:J'.t1V,;-' eJ f,J O.l'J
.I_!ke7 c-' J'. f1789 -~ cc= f,v-., ., 'J C- 1.1' 1
~'.Ii rt:J'.tI;;;;_' rf
~jv c-' J'. fl836 -~ ~.,J.I.I!h vdp.:., v
r 1.1' ...f? £. ~ ";-J.I
/1(8)£ LYl v:! ~.I{ ..:..~'jlL v' C- ~ I rf ,:fl.l_!k 8.11/
J'.,.,; JIj IL t:J'.t1;O'~ f £ ~ .z .I; v' ..:..~Ij' J'. ;.;L; L ,~
r ";-J.I .I!h ~; L J2J J'. ,1809 _£ T.I .1':( J.t; 0..:../ J .::i.I'/
38

f! J..z.J; f
VI JI~ ,f cf-i.JI L &jl.t1V ,j2(9)-I/.J/'" ~J
j I/.J/",IjJI J:.i .:t'}Le~ /t~-I)C" v.
~ ul:(r &jl t.J VI
'u»1j (Ii s.~J,I cSr/cSLf f .:;,'fljl ~ u}J.) ~ L u';1
~.JJ~Oi~(JJ 'uJf felf V 3~.J vJ ~ u"ll- cSJI .JJI.:;,~
v.
.JJIty if.~ cS(~c:)IV(Y +J V.k.LlV.Jr Oi~J«.JJI ..;IV
IJI,.;j ~ VI.JJILf}'j"('- L vI Lf ..11 yC.JJIty rvI -I) yC
.JJIJ,l L .~ .JJt~ cS U.t~ f £. Lflf J; L JJ "' vI -1/
.:;,'fljl ~ vI 2- v' 'I) J' dJ ~ ~ ,j2(lO)-LJ:.i .:t'},f 4-C
J/~ J o.~cSc:)1.t1V
f L l,f Jlr-J JL I" ~ J' ~ r,f cS
'.1':(f 8 .:;,!rc'y., .:;,I.J!jL u»1j .JJI.:;,~ "~J~ -I/..i~ / J.tj
.J~,fir ~ v. u,...~ L.~ 1I.JJI.~ .JJt'u~ J.J'u/'f 'uf'v--I/
.JJIUJ.JI!JcS~ v. J~JU~J '''J~ ..;17 e~ r} rU"~J~ J"~
vl-lIlj 8f..f J
ui.Cf' ..;IV ~ Oi~L ~ J.J.JJi (1Ji -1f'J.I'f Jj
JLLI Jc:)1'f- UJJ I~ JtJ.JJJ.:;,/. f v..J uj; 2-
c:)1.t1V
,f &jl v.1r ~ rt-'
L U? + L uj.J; tt~ ~.J.t» ;;i rJ.tj
+r?
v.&-.J~Lj ~~Ji -~J.tjJIV
J~~-=--'.1 r c:)~.JJL u/.JJI v.!~.J IJ V. if. ....,i.e u"
j 4:. eJIj c:)Iy.j~ -1..1
Z vlV J/c./. c:)I.JJIi:.. vir-
V. &j'.t'.I l.t~ ~ .d'~ L v' v. -1/L v. uyP J:I L .
"'~ JVI.JJI£.Lf if &-.Jljv. LLj I'u~ J" eJIJ
,,:,,1 ~ vl,j2 I) Cfl" d' r Ly", vI I) c"...t.J
~ Jt,f LIV It.JJ~f 4 I) r} J~'...{.JJllIr i:.. &-.Jlj u~
(ll)tt" ~;

:fi:...:;,I..iC L~~Ji p.La~~


..;Lj~ 'J~I J;.. ~J~ Ju"~J~ '~.:"j Jc:)1'.Jt'
39

J? )JI"'tiL!~i'"v!;{_L ~;I/~':::;J L~) v!


J;IL ~ ,I,.JI .:.s:I-tl)J!? ~ ,fl ..L Lf 1I1j~!A'r.
v! I:)J./l)/. )~ .;Cr ~i~ L ~! ~ v! ,.;L;L .:v,J
(l2)IIJf t,,J, !rJtJ4 f j.~(?" ); v' v! i!~
~,.,; ~tJ'I !l)J~~I:)~J~J~...ftL~ /,7
.re;»: Lv'ijl/.S
1/JJ (3 JLJ) l.tt,,;rPo,;J rJ, ';-v L v,)1 '-~ L L)!"
v!,J.1:o L ~~'j'~r t,')j~' rv ( 4:. 1,[
( .;:,t'.

)(;1 v! ~ V' _Ii Jtjl ~:/ l)/. ~ r ,j. ,;J tJ ,fl4ft.


2.. L I:l- 1:. ~.tt '(.;J) ~~..4rL vI ~ V' f t f ,f-
/1, S~ J~ If J...,; ...ftL,J, Ii (?" ,~v! JJ '-/-
(l3)ctJ tf-) JtlJJ! SJ'J 4::-J~ f J~f f ~v! J1, l)/.

Jv ,.,;'-J!p (Ii
S),i
f"
-I J.tt,f- SL~A~~,.,;
~j~'
(5)
j.tt ..::.t:'J) ~ L)! 1:)'..:1; ~ v! )JJjr
,f-I )J' i:.. Lf~) u!
(14)_L LM11dJY" JtlJ'J Jr ~ . ..
S~)' LI.tl; L v' ;"";""L Jy ~A S1:)'..:1; ~
Ii VJf ~'J) rJi) ~)I'Jli ~'J.v v! (J' 'I
(j) *,/.1). J!J'~
)J' IiU~)~;r! 'J ~~ Ii1,£ ~ )..:' L J! ...ft(J' ~, L .~ l'
L 4 o)r 'Ji t.-k-- ~Ij -fi(15)_~ c(, v.! ...f ~)y' Ify t/
L v' ~ I:l- 'v! ~V .II; 500 Sv' f tf- !PIL)! '-)~ L
(16)_~.tt ,.;..Ji ~,f v!,j. Ii C~,.;l..:1 Jv JI)J' v! ~kiY Ly 70
r~.~
_li~? r ~i)1 r~.~f tf- / L ~'JL'J'(.;k-- '-/JJ...ft ~~ If..
-v! (j1) J!~? ~, Po v! L V' V.;!" v! ~v SV' 500
IJ~
40

~r SJ, '..u(l8)-~ A? (L)!.f.! 1~4)!/ SJv 18j.I ~ ( e" (17) r~


I,)!~ ~J'I-: J'~(l9)-~ C~tlf 4)! JI$J L ~'.tlr Oi" ~ ?:(
I,)!~' 'i:.. ~f .::/jJ), J/,; )J' i:.. ~ }'t J/'),; e: v' i:..~)
;./'lSj~J.;'L'j' ....ti~J ~I )J',J J, J1
_i:..L
ei2:!~'~
,,!.tj eJYo,-o ~I ~fI
.ff'/.:>',(.~
) I'~ .. .. I.:Ir ) J I..,P.-
:; 1./" .T" I.)J •
J12104.1.a&. -: 4)! 18584795 Jf..J S~1Y L~ 4)! ,1836
~ I,)!J~JJJA ~I l;f.fr ~1(20)_i:..~J 4)! .s J'1Y (Ii -:,f
~~~, Jt'} SJ) (t -~ Cl ~ ~~ Se"J~ ~I Yo~ CJ1
J

-?J..s? lSJI.---). SL);!J )JI! S~~Ijl -,J J./)_,f. ,,_;y,


I){ 1~~Ij I :;-'(21)_i:.. L.I~) _;_,r 4)! L)_,/j,JIY 4)! ~i -:~
I J.:..d 4)! J!'J' S"fA )JI i:.. ~ i!..j ~ L)p.ln' -: t.. L L.I
);/,1845 ~ {lie _~...f ~I~,J.~ f...f L)k 'i:.. L.I
IJIYoli ~ Jj ~ ~ vI L J'! Ij_,.t lSJ J/ L ~ J.
=",.,J.J.J'li s:
~r
(22)-.Jk"'J' Jj flJ 1.J.ti 'V ")J w(1" vI L e~J~ I/k"~
J'£-tJ...I~,; Jj J'1Y fk" lS.J~:V 1,1848 if 8 L~ .JJIt! e"
J'1Y(23)-f- C~t~u;(~I ') v.t L.I;IJ":;># 4)! ~I~ el} Jj
SL.I J,-'J =",.,J.J ~ e'.Jj,Jt Ji ~ J} SLfIJ{ ~~Ijl :;-,
28 f f- CJ1~ JJ. ~ L~ e~ .JJv.ejl.tl ( vI _i:.. L.I ~ 1
,;I-j lSJ' ~ f f- eJIJI ( J'1Y ~ f J ~tJbl ~I 1,1846~
flJ f JJJI IIl.Jj L e~J~'L~ ~.I ,..;.! "!/.7." vI i Li ~.J ~
~I " v.!'J .JJIL~ ~ v! Jy
lS/ JJ .J. L~ ~ ~ 4)! ~. =",yJ.J
(24)_L~S?
Jjv 'L)~~J..v. J~ 'J,( J lS.J~ 'vtlil J':';-'; 'f SJVJ J~
~11~.JJI.JY'"
"1/ 1:9.J;' ,I'
D.:;p- l).tj ~ "'J'
~ I' JJA 'J
~JJA .JJIl).tj . yL
JyL 4-' _tJlj _/I" J.tJ SJ'1Y L J? /. ~~YoJ 8J -: lSi ~ ~
41

~v:! .:..t(A J/ L L,., ,~ L ~t..i' JT ~.JJ' ~u" ~~ J:.


L:A '- J:. ~, f 'f- ~ J:. ~-AL cI-~ L ~'JL'J~~ o-'Ij
./ /. J,., "'.3 pL lS/ JJJJ' ,.;1; ~JJ~ ~ et ",:,,'j Ji'! J-.f' v~
r u-t1~ i::. ~ ~ If.! (jJJ, y ~'j _~ (/ y~ e: f_, t.f (r r
L ~IJLIJ(25)-vf ~ ,.;A'~ '- .J'C ~ 2... L ":"sIP If ~I ;"-J ~
VI -:

.r J"! s:'f- ~ J:. ~-AL J!.J L ~'(/


JJ' ~ CL ~t. -:;.,JJ~ /
t
(j v.! '-lSk.~v.!' if- J -: SJItJ t.:f-(26)_._f '~'- J/
J? J:. uJ~,~,-:i L~ ,.,
'~ j;;J ~ -.fl r ~I
r~ J~JSif.
v; L ~,~ e: VI -!
J If.! JJJ eJ~j '- ~I e~J~JJI L~
:f 'f- ~ ~IJLIJ(27)
_~ JJ, If.! ;; '- eLJJ/ UJJI) '::;J VI i ~'('J'J J:.~"
1J./J~I '-1fZ1j ~ L U}IJ L./ rljJ; JJJj ,.~I If ~I
'- JJj JJj z..1 8J _~ ~ ~IIIf.! ~ J; L U';I '- jjJ JJ_~
JIf.! t J ;; ~ v~L if./e~J~ f ~'f-J )lSJlj J ei
(2~:~~t¢fV~~UJJr"'V~!AI~~ W
~ Po L ;{, l.lJ.t J'~J ScI-~ JJIL.f /. S~ ~ L( k
:ft::....
,
L ~I J/ f LJ] J,.,uJJ:. uJJlb tiJI LJ]t J~JIf~~"
.:)j-:I.)! I:l- LJ] u~,.,: i.J 1) ~~ JJ L ~I _£:.. f,,.;
J..tl
',-:"j ~I i 'f- ClI',;IJJJr,.)i tf.~ -v.!'?J J,J ~JL L
JhJI ~JIn -: JJI 'f- C,.,). rUn LJI. (- J _;'J. (-'~
,f .fjJI{ eJki '- Jv 80/ If ;; '- J:. ~I LJ] L~,.,~;r
J;'.t.I.!".~Iy.; ;; v-,. '- G .• 1' "J -t::....
... ~I -t::....J ..J uk '- v~,., I

veL
(29)ttLJ],f lSJ,;; ~ LJ],f/ i ~ If cJ.l.lJ. ~ L e~J~
vI f UJ ~i....;)If ~ vI L J[./~ / .:;)~
vI If cI-~
42

tJ/b'(~ 1.)!,.,Ji 2._ L ~I f J_" ~:(.1-.(I ~L~V'J~~ V''(


~y,.f ~A~ _v.:~OJ ~jJ), ~I SJ{ v.!' P. L ~ Jt L~
2._ L ~I~I.)! ';:'.lyI vIi~ v.:
v.:,P. L ~ )i flf
~jJ),
:f~ ;.} ~L U';I "'-}; 2._ vI_L r'-? u_",y~ u~j

L r" ~ ,j".r; ~ Jt V j~.; L~ L 0' v.:'" ~I.I ~I

~ i (L'; (I' ~-r>. J i)v.:~_"r .I_" (§


I.)! (I.)!
JI L J!/. >. J'( _L '-L.lI~Jell~ JJ
Lly A~ J

VI L~ V Jlj;
j~ v.:, Ip L v/ v.: JI-!'
I.)! ,-}~
l.IiL/uli ~~~.lJI ,j~): 'O.ll0.~1 >.A ~ ~
~;~;J If(t L ~I ~ 1.1' Lv/
r r
~

v{~_" .I-rJj "'- Jet~ ,j".r; Jf. J} ~ .lJI JL~ _"


• (30)ctL

d.'~ i ~~Lhl.l ~II~e~ .lJl.-{L UyJj J~-r>.1.)! .....~ L f1857


~I.lJJ L .....
~ VI L U';I ~ _;! ~J '-.d ~I I.)! c,j IUJJ'?
~ P. L J'(t S-rJ91L f1857 -V' v.: ViIJi,o '( JU;I ~I ~
JJ L V",_" .;:,j I.)! ~/j I.)! f 1862~ e~ .lJl.-{'I_" ....ir;'( ..:,..r~J~
% ~.IJVl.l~u,? '(j-.{I ,;! '-.lL U;~L d'{k"'-1858 Lj
Jj U;~ L JI ~ i;f...JI} eJIj? .lJI -.(I oAf t.J1JJ;:j ~Iil.lJI If
~ L -$. cl-IY ~Ii!_~.I~ "'- J'J ~ q 1f.lJ)p -f't .lJI I_"
PI
_"J{J.I I.)! Jet u;~
L ,;Lj.lll v/; S.I):.lJ .lJI LVI..lj~
_;!

(6)
.Il.til ~I I.)! Uiv y. '~I;:r;~~ ~ f '7- ~.I.I;") ~'( b.lC
C_".II} J J-j u;~L fyl I.)! .;:,)IP If JIJj~I;:r;O'J'7- C.I ~
49

-J"':'! ./JY ~ I.)J)( 11V2.... L


~ y
LJ')i .::.-~,},L 1.:)';:1;,C" )JJ
y • ~

I)!J.PoJ,f-~) J-",J-"'.P.:,f .x )J' ~Jv'~' S,jf )(11V .


Lv'i:.. 1....11f e')j L~; v~ L 1.)1.';)J' I.)J!')L 1.:)'-J!i
2{II.)';J~ ~ J~ jf J!'J' SD'} II,),?, ~, ~ J11 !-,;I;,.f~
~) "' JY ~ I.)J)()11VJ! -: I)! .::.-n" V' ; J~ jf J...I.l;) 2.... L
Oi,..,.. -?') J e~J~)J' Art! J ,y.,,~ (;tJ, f'11-:";:· ( V,..£ ~
JG" V' eJ ~.-?J Sif- L LJe),J./ .,1j) J11 0/.,JY SI.)J)()11V
)} Jir ..J/ ,;,jf )( 11V-:)J',_f JJ'j; ")} oL IJj f tf-) ~
V' t,r) J J, ( k J.I)! J~lie -1/11 /ju"J!,,)},,~.J.",
-r'; ..J/ ,;eJ !s: i!11b'J);' v' .::.-')~' L v' )J' Ii 1/.x );,
v' _Ii ( ~ 0' k J~If.. 'Ii C if -rJ.Y ~ ~IJj .J. Iito ,.;j I
)J' I!.x ~ t]f ~,~, .::.-~ L 1.:)'~ .-?JS I.)~ J/ J)I( S,jf
~ .J'V ( I.)J:t!tI)! .:,...'~ J.,);:' SJ L1.)';1~ .-?JS.tlj J-II(
A:. e,,,.LL,jf A~~I.:)~~I J~J)I(~'~.-?Jj I.:)f,.1£
r~JL J)I(~, ~ ~ SI.)?II L 1.:)'J; (j~ I.:)~~ )J'
(Jt,; I.:)~)J L I.:)!.fo~)J' t]f ~,~, J! ~ 2.... v' -e: 1....J

-'11 I)! -6.S,,~f~ ~;-v ( t]f L I.)';f j 111


(,1757)

.::.-)1( (0 I,j;-v Lv' L V' i J; v- )'.ti' t]f~,~, ~


j,f 11r '::'-)J/ S,jf )( 11V2.... L 1.:)'~ n' ~ L I)! 'JJ.) ~f I
~ L,sr 2- vI _~.I (.;.v ~I.!;j.::.-Gbi ",I:}' L U';I
)~J)(

~),jf ('Y' i,;JII/11t J!,jf )(11VI)! .::.-lllrJIr J"~ i..~


lJJ.,t- ~ uk.~?-L cJ!jtJ, L vF ,;~ -:{'yJ) "JY ~ 1.:)1.Pof
S(.;GJ L L J[ ,.I£-I.:)!.f L I.)?F JJ'( (j';)Jf v! if ~
1.:)'
.:--7; .:--7; J! ,jf -:;.v
L vF St]f 2.... 4)'1 -l0J~ U)'J ....j
_~,(~I~I
, ...... ,
50

= JC "j- 1/1/~ 2... L VI II:)I.t1i l>'~L .JJ'" tr" VI


Jj J'..J ojr L I:)I.t1i>.Yo 'J'.l)r~ S I:)t:--J~f ~~IJ.'J
L 1:)1Yo' s: JI, ~Ii JJIJIJ diu JJIti 1/-i"j ( 1:)1'" Yl JI)

IOJljr JJIoJI) Jj ~I L I)r~J J LYl ~~


1:)1 J'. ~1I1P ( JIJj
J j;}f ~ ~~ JIJ J~Ii (IiJ} JJI~JfLIp L J{ ~I ~I
'J JJI"'-:'(.j Jf'Jjv J~JJL cJIt:C. "':"'JjJ'.~}' J~ f Yl cJI'"L
OJIJJ} v~I J'. .::/.J JJIl)iJ~JJ/ 'Ij L if.'t:C. cf. .:'l L oj~
'l)?jV S J~JJ'J L
JpL L
L A~} JJI!:fi (J~.%
I (IJr JJI~)' if! 'JIJ~ S .::}JJ'o~,
j
>. S vI JJI1/n
JA~j·tf
r,!I"
JJI,J .ilk' S .:/, i ~J'. cJI'S ~; S J~I do L cJ'.t1i()i~ L
"J} J~ J'.1-. L JI!' JJIe.tV;" J} J1j ='~~ IfAJ &' ~
(I' JJI..:..r'~J~V L Jlp;Y~II:)I.t1il>'~= i:.. JjJ' J'. J'!I" ,f
S 1:)1JJIi:.. 'i-J ~ (I' (~ ~ L if.'ti .r;:J! J~ ..:..r'uj ~ .;

2."j-J ~JJJ';J~ILI:)I.tI;l>'~eJ(~JJIJI ~.;JvS ~ J.:;$

(1)
~ >. J,['i:.. z....JJi'tt/jJ ":,,,Ii"I:)~ L .JJ1J'. ,I~I
Jj =~ j;~ 1/n jJJr" 2... L I:)'.tli L 1:)1e.J ( ~J'jJ J'.
ok-'_ti
(--' I ~Jk-'JJ10;/. S e~J~>. = .; J} JiG",fl'i;_ Jljr JJ'JI)
Se~J~f lI(1j II(1J';J} L oP ~JI) JJ' o)JGJ~: i:.. z....f .IJ'
51

Po L t'! I '-r'} e_ A ...;Iii t: .IJILI.I..i: v! .::/.Ii


2- ~.1 ~

J~jfJ» JII. UZ ~I e: L J~ L if.! rf '::'.I'jJ .IJI~


Jvl_jl L vl";£ s: Ltti::-J...;I1i ~ J:: I"'J~ f .IJI!
L cJ' -tj.l J~ ...f .IJ? cl..J1ojG JI, '::'.1'" =! j. c.t! ~ JiG"
Lf.lq;1 ~ rD~J~L.lJ? C)'_..JI ojG ~ ~.I~I L.JL j.l1l v! ,;Lj
t.::.1ibi L'", ~;/I,..- ~ v'.JJ' ~f cJ~' roA'J}
cJl...!;,j' Po L
!'11 c.t! J,...;~~, JIv. cJ''''!;Oi~ L J,...; = cf.
;/J' IIJJ' ~Jf

"'~JcJ' ~ v' ,;.IJI "Yl I~ .::.~ JiJVl ,:11 JIV. cJ' ~ v' ,;
_J11 ./t> Oi~
(2)
L J;:L ~J J,Ud1 JiJVl.lJIDJ/{ 'A:'.-'"JI.u cJl...!;Oi~ rIIJJI
>- V. cJ~~ ~ J11 ~J v' ,,'N.' JcJ''''!; V' ~ ;/'J'~JJ-PL
~ ;/~.IJ>- ;/J' " Oi;/ Yl~.1 ~.1 ~ ~ JlJV' J "'~ ~
,;IV "Y' ;/J' ~ ;/.u r utj~ GJ;/J' ut.d ~ J u}jl,..- v. ..::,..-"~
D;/.u

v. Lih \i ~ ~j .IJI ~ fi I~/» ~ 2- "';J/" LJ! ~


4'-v? Oi.lJ'f"';/ v. Jj J.Po V' ~IJ;I ; J
(Ii cJ';/JI i:.."';y-
d L .::.111, ;/J' J'f Jjlt- Iz DJ~'"" ~ .Po~ cCYl'-r~r OiJv. J-PL
.::.GJ)cJl; '::'JlP J1, cJv. _J~L cJ';:!; V' 11fiL v. L~j I J}
J ~.JC ;/J' J',; L cJ';/JI..~.JCi:...;/r J JfiL v..::.~cJ' (,,1737
= ;/J' '" (;,1/ r cJ' '"" ~ L ",I ;/JIi:...~ =v. Jjl,..- ~ Y L UIV
I_.~.IJt LU,)Ij if.J,1"' cJ~~ ~ L.~ .IJt _;;. '-r)'- L D~J~
~ ~ ...L~ 1f ~IJfL ~yJ.IJJ» OJ fl) ~f J'I;I:{.::.t VI
.~ ;/Jt L UY;Ij iJ, fD~.._;.,i J11(lSi Lif L cJ' D.d r "ylJ'/-'
O'~J~ I,}!.J_, v.t;f ~J ~ ~ ~I u f?;/.? tY J,)>> fll ~
52

.:;_'::)JJ).'J
, ..I!. r'LL fY'
U·Vy .JJ' _ . y ~J'."- .,:..!A'.Po '~/-l 'L':?
V1~}
cl'.tIV~ "- cJ~~.~ .lJt,.j~ ~~ tf..;.! ".::)JJ (V v' 2._ v'
-1/Lf I), _;':?~ 6"(v r
{- v! Jr~Jl'" V'" (,1753 .,:..&,,) -P. .I' ~II: L cJ;
uki vf'v!J"J.' ~·V"~~if' ", v! U?;t,..U.l~.IJ.lJ'£ ~±
L .J:r.JJ; t'l Lj L 1:)' j,,!. L c.I' ar1;. v! JIIJJ''} J,r ~ qitr
~ ~'~1~:-4:? u!J~":".J.r' ~ f L~ v!J. _;IV4f t.:/V'~
L ~f "- ~. Lv' J" d U;~L un/I 4J'!' " (~ L
I;)! J', tSii ~J "-.u tf cJ' .IJI,J.I~I ~~,J ~ "- uJJ!
-V'J~ J'~ f uhJ.I
J JIIJJI J/ f" JU .Ir '/'J r cJ' 'L"~, L cJ' .
"J
.Po "- ~
~ u!; r1:)1 v!JV.ly'''~ ~J,J cJ~~ "- ~ L v' -1/•.1
,JJ[ ~r ~r .IJ' ~r ~" ,;,J J['~J~ .IJ'",:,,')L JIIJJ'~.1
,J J[ ~ •.1f l:I- ~:r ~ cJ!/ L JlJJi.JJ' jj.l (?±..:::;u, tf~
J;;'- 4f "- uP ~IV L (' fi IJ} L u";' ~ L Lr v!~"
.J:? f cJ' L v~' L $i,l v' ~.1,.,(! 'J~; 4f ~ r ujJGo!J'J .IJ'II('
t
f 1:)' L L.tf _;L u~ .IJ'.,:..yJ- J..r J, -v tV v! .::Jjf ~'}
f'~' ,J J'J; L cJ'.t1V j, "- v.J. .IJ' V'~'.1 ..J} ,J.,:..)'J ~.
. -J.tf
. J'J; rcJ'.t1V ~ L U~.I~ j .::J L ~ v' L cJJ...J;l:I-'
cJy. 'f- J;, O.l{" v'....;J.} If cJ'.t1V jj~ L JlJJJ' -'7- CII:" ".v-
I~y' L JlJJJ' "- u;> I~' L u";f_i.. J~L cJ'.t1V v' ~,
!""v!~'" f ~;{,JcJ1.t1V~JI~, L...p..I' 'V'J'1v 2._ ~,
~.v-J'J; "- ~ L )JAI' ~r .IJ' V'';L,;' v! v' L )JAI; vI -V'
"-~.J L cJ' ~~,J J'~; v!·cJ'~ fi J~J(j:r- 'J~'J"~ _',1
~ .
53

~I ~I ':'~J '~ cJ~ (t LI..t. cJ'....:1P


-: i.»! L cJI~JI J"J'f t,;.v
-9 ~ j;~ AJ 0' ~v Lvl,j ~ ..:..j J ~u, 15~v0' J[
L
f v' I.)! cJ'....:IPV' ~J'j J:, jJ'f J I.)! V' "J'f 8"J~J! .Po Y JJ ~ L
cI-' -,-f '-t:; cJ~ p ),Ii' ~J'(I';J' J/u f O'I v.! .:d-I 0
JI 0,.~I L VI ~JI 7- CJ'f ~ J'f (~ JIJ; ~.IL cJJP
.d L
7- ~ ~ 0''' ;.ilJ t !;.ilJ I)!JIJ; VI (Jz~v.! J~..:..~yI
J}cJ'....:1P
VI Yo' 7- j 00'....:'60
JII cJIuk -7- CJ'f 1:1/( .; ~I~ L O'~~JI
+y~r JIJ; L cJ'....:1P

(3)
cJ'....:IP 0''' ~ _P"r~; 0 vI ~ J v'J~; ~J' i~;
J r .IIIJJ'
i:.. ~ f v. J~} ~~I L ~!~ J~~LIrJ'f V .; cJr~IL vI ~JI
~ ~ I)!vI 2... L u,...r L ....~ t,;G~~JI J~ J t,tJi 0(II ~JI.:;..:!~
~ -fl.; ('I ~JI~!~ ,j'?' L vI ~JIcJ'....:1P 0''' 2... vI ~ C~ f
IcJ'....:IP...J/,:, L ..:..Ir'j' L cJ'....:1P0''' i:.. LJ'f ~ ~i.15JL$I
-if./t"-- tf 1.;:)1, JovI J ~~ J 15J~ I 0~!~ .J'V:({ JIJ;
IJ'f.2 I.)! ;'....:'($1 -i"j ~J' ~
f .:::} 0cJ'....:1P0''' L .IIIJJ'
uv" 8J~;~ 8J~; J! L cJr~, L-vl He 'r Uil....:1P~ '-/ JJ

..:..J I)! i;L J'- V;I;.' I)!ip; 0 UJJ!'~JI ui~/1)! (7 -/.


:vl ~JI IJ'f ;1;.1 ~ I)!ip; 0cJr~IL cJ'....:1P
nl J.f1 '-t:; JJJJI~
L O~ ,'" _f,[,~ J' J!../'.::)I, OJl,:)'OJ.J"v.J"v L L~'
v " "
cJI'Tj L ui~1 cJ' I)! (7 IJ'f ;1;.1 tf I)! ..:..lrl}I L cJ'....:1P
.J"v
/-
At'../';:::
'y
~~
~
~-Y' Lilf L cJI~JI ..:..I,Ijl

L V.""~; J'::':'-"; J -c;
. L
I.)!~ 'V! J~I uJ~'J;I.)! (7 L ,.JJJJI t,;1(- ~Ii -!jYl V ?~
=",.,J~ ~~'J;.nl Lf JJi; J~/..:..~'-'!} 2.... L cJ'.Po v! J';-IJ~ ~
54

4 t ~...f .I~ »Hljl.tl i.J J c)1_v! JI r!i


,_II L1'v
Lj 25 -: tf "'VI -v.!'.1JtJ,14- ji ,-I.)! I),~IJ .1,11),;1'
J c)1(})
.::.-j I.)! c)1,/I).I? I.)! '-AL .J.uJ1~r ,-/1'J"t., 1)0' 22.1,1
c)1-,.I ,f; l' 6 ~.l1 r: 'V-I)';I J'. (? ,:fi '1,_I .:;)j..I
~ .1,1
i;_ L1' "'J I.)! j I.)! ~ .:JIv ",:,'j v:f? ,.I 8Jji '- J'.
1)0' ,,/-IJI.I,I Lj ~ v~L c)1'(/ v' 'i;_ L~ J}] I) L,r~
lSj' -,.I 1)0' ~~.I" Lj vJ L 1)1;J ~JlY (2)-,.1 J! ,r 6
+.1 (,1'- JtJ,I.I)f?d.)l~ 4 Jj ~ .1,1 Lj" L.I.If? d.)1
.1,11)0'Lj .» L e~ J ..Afl-,.I 1)0' .1,1 Lj e.I~ L e~ J~
J 1)].11I.)! (? L c)1_v! 1)0' v?;; .1,1 Lj V:!,L e~ J.Af'1,
s
.::.-~J'. j s:r cc: ! ~~ejl.tl'- v'(3)4 g ...f I),.I~ i.J
~ ",:,'j ~ (j .1l.--L vI .J'.-:....;/ ,:, '(j.l (?z i.J J 1)].11.1,1
JI .lJ1JlIf ',,;,,~L vII.)! ~ L v' ] L1' lSJ~'- '::'-.11 ,j'e~J~
8J~ L VI...;J1j~ 'I) L! 1/.1)'-j}, .I,I! d' JI~! J! f c)1.t1;

'i-'.I JiJ ~'J lSJ~'- Jj J 1)1;J ~/ L.I)f? d.)~ He 2-


j y'.I}(4)-L,r.l)'- oJt) ';'.lI,,/.! (t Po L vI J/.! ,-I J
tf /.! 2-./) I.)! 1),.I'yy.f ";"~L v'] J lSJ~LI)';I ~ '-
"'J J'. j L1' L)v~,fy.f (I;,J? ..LYl~)'- oJt) ';,.I'J.1,1J
JiJ t..L'- J/.!J'i-'.I JiJ ~ _tJ. ",:,UP(tt~~j _;."f cf. _;. ,.I J,r
~ L (t ,PI, .L YlP :.:J" J!Jr. JlIf L vI .1l.--L vI _tJ. ;;;
",:,UU r j lltJ, L1' lSJ~'- vI '1 J~,.t1,f JI
,fj ~ '::'-.11
tf f I),)J;!.I L vI ~ I.)! i... c)~l.--rL),(tJ.1,1;;;~yJ.I.I~v~-~
L Jj '-t' c)jl;~) ~ I.)! L~jL e~ J .Af"J(S)..L JIl ,/.!
~jr !JI(~ fe~J~4 t!~lSJ'...f /. Jl.--,fj'Ji ~ e0
L ";-,.1JiJ J'-{y- '/v .I,' ~ f r v'} I/-L '~J~~I.I
55

I)~I ":"JI,y-,_;;- ~ ~tJP" ~JJ v; '-.lin / c..; v.:, .JJI~, / L n!)


JJ '.,:..!J;Ip.'.It) V~ A P. elJ,f -V~.J/ '-J.J!it ~;i nJ J1
I)jp. ~I7. -fi i V",b1 ~ vI ~ -v.:J uV'.J!i: -fi .JJI'i-J.J .J!it
,f ell(6)_LJ1.J~ )J1L.J!i:~;-~ ~I 'JIJ..:.-l'~ -fi 'JIJ-fi..:.-l
-'f- ~.J):! c/_..JI Jifv! '-.J~ L,V' .JJIJ"? L.,:..~
l;tClI,;d- elt p. ~ .:) JJ J"? J V' L,j el~l-r fi ~tJP"
-fi fi v! £.fi 'I,:,/- Jp.,f '-'y'.JJI ,-1'~ ~'~
fi ~ 'I JJ1 v...::,.t'g -fi'~ ti.J v! J_y t.f.JJI '-:d~
L .JJJP';-, ~~ / L el~ ~ V IJI~LA J ~I L -fi
I U'~' ':)JJ el~) .JJI.J~JI 1,J (;~; tlr. el~~ .,:..IAJ
,/,J ~,j ,J J'? JI ;; v- .:)I~ y fi .JJIL L.J; ~ el'
(1)n,(,/..::,.t'JY ~~J.Ju" V
..;..,}.JJILtv I.:;,,!.J LJ1;£ ;)~ .,:..~yIJ} J"? ~L ..::.-~
J,[~ ~i.I)J~ ~ _Ii.. ?-.J ,_;~
I~I", (II .JJI..:.v-~.J v! ..;..,yf
.JJIu~ -v!' J/ JJ. Vl"" .JJf?-J 'J#J '",,;.(~ I(Li el'
'uJ.JI";
L un el' .e: L/ JJ. .sv ..:.-lJ! v.:,"' u~y> L oh: I)J~
4-", J) J (t ~-~ A~'~ tll'i:F di.J ~ el' ~ ,:,I,;.~'-~ .,:..~Ij I
J/~.J! ,f .,:..~Ijl ~ v.:,~ ~J,J if.'~ L/ V ~ I)J.JJ
-fi V:' J: :,:.f v! LL; L ,JJAJI~, o.JV,J,JJAJI01-1
uk'Y
J JL L u,! II).J~·L u';f)' J ~,j ~ L 1'" ..::.» --1/ 0

.I):! c/...-JI 1);"(8)_V~ ";I,;.f v! Uy;f," ,f C)fP. L vI ~..;..,}I",:"y-f


~.J!itp. hI} f L C)1.,tlV ""~ _(~rL ,.}J.Jf J:? ~ ~t v! LL; L
~ ~,_;},J.,:..~ ~ JI ji L~ ~)' f I vI 'f- J~I)J 1'" 'i-J.J 0

(f II ,.JJAJIj;? )' If ~~~(J "'u,!II ~ ~ OJ .JJI IJ1l;t~I


-u!
56

?V- oe» )JI";Y...;f:I f t.jl;;~


U'~ V- tJ;!J )JI tJYlf'/
" y. ~)I S( u/ JJ i;.. eJ~j,;fJ L ~~ J~ )JI J~ _u1 C~if
L l))JJ )JI 4tj S;L) L/ VI i;.. f J#J L t.jl v?
Ju/ttJ J)j
~ / tJilP! )JI I)JJ L '-r"; ',J JYl f)JI OJ1j~.I,J J#J ~ ~
if '::-JlP'JIP! L t.jl V- ,;Lj L ,..J.v)IJ'I _i;.. Lf tJ, J:!.JOJ~j~
f ,..J.v)I,f L:) L I)~ if ~JlP' .s: a. ,;JJIr- l!;-J) JiJ,J f tJ~
V.l ~ ~ ~ eJ ~ i;.. LJ tJ, -" YlLLI eJJ;l!;-J.I_;JI Y wfi .I!h eJJ;
(9)_u1 v~L t.jl JL (OJ~j~ j JJJ iLl
~) .lJlwfi)~S ((1-1 L.::..;:? JL~I LJljl L t.jl;;~ U'~
,J J1.1 JYl .J.-? Jli~ L(t.jl t.!- ,;' L I)~~ oh-- yi J'J; V'J' "'
,J t.jl .lJI t.jV 2_ V' ',J J1) JYl u: J1J t.!- JU;J L t.jl .lJ1
)~,J Lf ~ /.::)',p JL,J J"? .lJIV' I)J)IJ;L.I ';-, L.::-~
; .111.1 V"; -f'I LI)y(I 2... L~ vI LIJ)/"?J JIJ L t.jl
?J~ f J"?Lt.jl~JyLJ.uJ'-Jf ~~~.I ~J?-
.lJ~
~JyLv' ~J~.,J) {Jj f J{ L.lJi> t,;/.}I uj'~lie 'i;.. 2;-.1 a.
_LYl )/" #J L JIj I J.j _::)p
-"YlLl!;-J).I!h v~ , L t.jl )JI..J.v)IY
-"YlLl!;-J).I!h .r J ,.f -G~
~t.juJ..
J jl;l'
(lO»)IYlL
l!;-J.I.I!h-f'I J jlj / !

IyJ).I!h v~JiJ;1 jJ wfi f J{ L e~J~V- i!..j .lJI-f'I


~)!h { y. LYl )/" #J L t.j() I L t.jl.t~ U'~~~~ vI )JI ~J
e~ if ..J '.lJi>I:/....JI.r.?
JU;J JIJ L L/ 0' _i;.....f -"YlL.I!i; -f'I
L ,..J.v)1J'I ull, ~ Yo z:.)/, L J"? 'v
1 ';-, L e~ if ..1(1.lJI
57

(11)+.1
,j:'? J ~.JI L VI 'eJI.t1VO'~ f tf- cC !~~
.;I.tl '"" VI
JeJI ,..,.,2'( vI .JJIZ. J'!1i { j..1S 1.1'.1;' J"II L ~
I.)Yllf'
;;v~L ;;f vI L,r L,r L ';:)JJ vI ~ c! ,r V {I.)KJ .JJI
-d''-J(p.~ ';~ .I); '.~ OJ~ 'I.)J.JI"; =/ ~ vI .JJI~ If.! / L r
J

~ .JJI~ J yJ ~J eJ~j t;' .JJIi:... z.):..J/ J: ~Ii v .JJI~!i '0.1 IJ


V 'i-J.J I.)A { oj~ -.ti .JJIoj~).; 'ojV / -e: L.J Ij' J: ~J'J
_i;_Lf

J;tJ J1j .JJIe.J'(~ Jlil Yo ~ f /1# 4'-.fI L (lSi .JJIJpL vI


.JJIi:... Lf ..J/ J: 1.),.,.'(~ ~ .:i)J OJ~jt;' Yo '~ o.tL~ Jlil '""
-~ J't: J~ .JJI~.AJ S d'J r!.tj S d-
J ('( ~

L I.)'y -?'} J ~~ J: ~JJI J.JJ{ S J~.I L eJI.t1V()i~


s. L! ,r 4 ()i eJI J!J L.> J ~IJ~ SeJI i.. vI ',J JYl J: eJ~.JJ
_i:... LYlj ~ ~ ='"" ~JJ'" J .JJI~ f L ~ .JJI..:.v-'~.J J

o~ .JJI/.J} If.!, J? S ~eJV .JJIJ.tj S Jl,;1 J (1.11'""0' '...v.'


I~ OJ.J 1 ~?- J: eJ' lilt! '""/ JI...v.I.JJ'..;:;! S1.)').11,J W t:
0 .1

J J'{yl I.)~J'" ~ '"" 1.)').111.)11'.1 ,.JJ)I~'!lie ',J W./


_i;_ '"" v! I.)i/. L eJI Y -?'} ...vi .JJI.JJL!.:A '~ J LJ!..J}
cI....JI~ _i;_ J~ OJ f T- C! u_i:....J~ '( J'{yl J!,.JJ)I~1(12)

1.)"';1_i;_ 2Zfi~ '"" j f .::A OJ f" ~ .I; vI '""1.)').11/.J.J:?


Jj j1f -v? ~.J r} J.111.)# J: if." ~v .2j ~-.fI L
O~J~_i;_ Lf JJ v!~ ~ SeJI /I.)b .JJII.)?r; ~I v! ~JJ L 'i-J.J
JIJ J: j J.JIl)'.::A LJJf '-J ~JJ / 1.)').11~.J'-'!} (jJJ, L
L eJI(l3)_~ eJLl,;'( J't: S~jJJ, L J .JJIJiv! ~I} SL,r
58

v! .:;.,JJI J J.t1 V .I., ";.Jl,.v L u'i.J1 ~Ai J" 15J v! LLj


-v! ~.:;.,liW u.v JJ.:;.,~ -: fl)
:/~t ~ ,j.. ~JI_;'}.!15u'i.J1
~ JUJ'Jf L e~J~f ~J~ VI L f <.;; U~ S.JJt,>d_..J~
e~J~Yo 'V J7 ~ vl'~ --! v! j ~,f f ~ fA? ~ 'i-' J.t1
(l4)-J.t1~ ~ ~~I( ,,_II .JJI1.t1j,';v y v!~ {.I-I.t1.J? I(

L,f. -P flp/ v! ('j' L U.JI}I ): f f ef U~.JJI-P 15~I


(l5)-~f LIp

): 'J~ 4- '~ 'r! J 15


v! vI J.t12 ",Jif. v! JpL vI
.J ,y v.!
L ,.}.uJ1~i -I) L.t1 £.JJI Iy L~u.JJI( J 'JtJ,71 t
:'T-1tzI v!ttf- ~j" L f- J!
.::..!' ~v L (;,I{ (Y -~ JL"";) tS~ J"J (;,!7 ~ !'"
~ r tSu/} ~ JJJ .JJI"~.J i.. vI 2..;£.J ~~ t
15; ~ S; ~r' jJ A .JJI~ J('t,1 J' 4- J~
'~1.J ~'"

UJ~15J' jJ 15,/ if. 'c£.::/..J";) tS u#(j..u


~~j

tI tf ~ jJ .:;.,..jj eJ~jv! Ji' 't.t1J;;f ~l) ~ vI .t1


(16)ttl) ...-"IV
v! z_ .:;.,I.J~J '£.;1 Ij L ,.}.uJI j;? J- ~t 'i-'.JJt,> d...J1uj~
Lif ':;".J~j tSe~J~f VIJ(JI(,/ ...(1,.}.uJIj;?~J...(I £.?-.J ~
"iliil _~ ~ ~ (I( ,j'J) Lf!)f >.
..fi ~I .JJILtl ~v 'i-'
.JJI!J ~I 'I) ~ U~.JJI(- J /. Yo P..J f V'J(J~ .JJIgi)"JI e~J~
r
v!Po ~I L ,.}.uJIj;?~fiJJ~I f~ f ,j!j1J.'i-'.JJ' ~ do
_1/.t1~~ ..£,1 b8J fll~Lf ..:A~.JJL e~J~.JJI~ J ~f L~
~y.;,j~e~J~_~i~ ";;IJ;'1 ...(1~(' "I
L ,.}.uJIj;?_£.
_1// ,/ 8J f~,f ~ e~J~.JJIJ~~ ~_/'i-' f~ ~I
~I -k"f ~v L U.J'Y' tSe~J~.JJI~ ~ J ,/ 8J ~ Jliil~J ....fi
r
59

"V' 'f-JYoyt j vi' -= su«. '~J~f ~


L,I~.JJc.!?1v .JJI..JJAlI.,V-"
v.!Ji j v:' 'f-tf ~ 1"'J)~~...e ~ ,f.J? \''f- utf r«
(17)-k'.f ,jj.1(..:..~VI L '~J~ _~.Ji
..:--(.
v! ..:)Iv ~ £ -~..:--(.
~ J) v! iLJ L .J~ c!..Al~
.JIb ,""j v! ('jl L J: ~1uj.J1 J"1 ,f J -v V.J"J ,""j 1Uy
v! ull...f' 'c.I JJ1...v!~!/ Yol v'}~ ..:..I.J...f'-v I~ v!
(18)-V:/...f C '-.JL L v~.JJIo./u u~'v l.sf .v.
(5)
c~ ~ v.! v "JY.". J '(.;JP,f~.J ~.-' 1J,r
J..,i Yo'- J,
\)J.JI'; 'u#'u;t 'u-rJJjlj ~Jljl L vI .JJI~I""I; O'~ -=,.t.'~
-~ c~~ V Lil 4-" uiJ~lie '1j,r v "Ur.J .JJI u-r?
iiJ .»_;; v! UJ~,f ..JJAlI~i '';-J.J iiJ v~ I v! UJ~,f ..JJAlIvI
J,r..JJAlI ~i -LJ1"";/ ';-J.J iiJ v:- v! UJ~,f J IjJ .JJI ';-J.J
,;It ..JJAlI/-' ~I;(19)_~ UV ';-J.J iiJ v:'~"UJ.J I'; L..:..:,..t .JJI
V...f ';-J.J j.sf.JJI!'" ';-J.J iiJ ,.JI)I v.!' Lv r j f!" ":".JI;..-
~ '13 AL ';-J.J.J!h v~ v Jlj I( ..JJAlI~i(20)-1":,,j~I ~
.2.. ~J.f ....;_)./.1utJr- .JJIz....f Jv! {;,j.~z...~.;: .JJI..:..~Ij I
'--J.J j.sfJJ./ O'~ ..:..Ljl} .JJI.::J /y
y .,. • -; j LJ1 '~JL.J~ .•"..Al' \.1,
• ....,.. . t';~
'l:)!Y" ,./i.J); 'ub~ (j (j v! LLj L .J~ c!..JI~ LJ1 V
,r V• ,.;I·7 .v.r.,.zV I.Jv"..:.. JJI' ..:..'!LI· I.JJI ..:.."".;
I-
Ij
f.r.fL., vI(, (/
I' •~'.t'
I.).JIJI':II
j.sf ...f'f ..JJ..,i ~ ~ _p. 13,.;~L~~.J j.sf ...f'.::) j Ij I(~I 1/
(21)-1,fv ';-J.J iiJ ~
J""J ~ ifuj '-~.J
.J~I L ..:v-~.J'":"!" L JJ~j,f ..:..~I}I
J OJ~' 1J,L if.~C,r .JL;.I I(u,.J! L L ~J Li.JJI£ z....f
60

I!)!; v. J~;.J~ L "":<} J/-' v. ~}~ -v.!JJI/ {.J}1 J~


/- t?-I..--j (Ii JJ~;vi L do s: Ji u...J) ~ _IJ Jj r l:J~j
v~L:!' ~ ,;,j s: (,f ~Jfl..--j.li Yo s: Ji u...J) O/JJ j v?
YI-Y / f YI r} v~ L if. ..:}JJ'L~ YI; 1I~~ l:J}i P. -.fI v. if.
4:)}t; 'J~'...JL.-i'v.~}~~, -.fI YI.J'~ r .:,.~.!r(Ii Yo .JJIL~

/,~ Jf I~)~ ~I .:,.j jL;f -::.JJIjYl v:! Jf JIJJ.JJ'


_'YI .21..-- L l:J'~1;I)'~ L JlJJJ' ;; "- ''r ~ hL

u' 'YI v:! ;, J/r v' "'(",~ ~


r~
.:,.~yYo IJ f u/i l:J'( rv' j JYI JJlJJJI~ 2.... v'
Yo s: ;t~
J.;:;,.
J:!.J.JJ' Vl"-
" : f.JJ? ~, JlfJ~j 'r ~ ~ ?loAf" J e~ if ~'J~ 2....
.21..-- L/ ..;~~ J cI' 4:)~; J-"
eJ~ C..:}JJ.JJ L? ~~
L~.IJ

fA;' r.:,.j ~I':::;'J v'.(~ Yo.i:...;f YlI)' r" ~~ -::(22)tt'r.J


-tJYI'r.J

(6)
''r V'J' .J,J r' v. J'J; L l:Jf~1;I)'~ ~ L .:,.1Ju~~
.~, .JJ'!...~'.::/' f 1jYl J"'} -::JJj L l:J'~1;1)'~.Ii,..f,[
ti.J.J~ I ~J .:,.~y J( .Ii Iu~ Ll ,;-' 2.... L J? JJ"'} V'
eJ

clu- V' .JJ'! J./.J,;J 14:)'_~1,;O'~ ~ dJ'e~J~.Ii v! i;.. vI _~


,.y'
-.JJ':::;'u,IU;Tlz .JJI
'/o./.'.!ct.JJ~u, v.ov LlJ.JIJ' J{~,~, v.l:Jt:--~
V'_IJ 1/YI J''' i".J J;' 11'4- ~ Po L ..J.uJ' v~~,v. JlJJ!'

V' _IJ C.tf ~u, r .:.ell Jv' Jj r l:J'~1; I)'~ .Ii 2.... L ,f~2..... .
L.! ~1~ L~ ~'~ UJ.J'J-!:' eJ f tr' IJ{L J" ':".J~ ~J

e~J~.JJI~'} .Ii 2.... v' 'LV~ .:;;1.::;_'~J .:,.~y .I;' J. Yo .JJ'


61

,=-J~~Y'J~ V::'.n' V'.~ ~ J{'..:iJJ L ~'! L


'-eJ~..I.'..I.

V' UJ~ f J.f~ OJ;V. J? L,f,! L L% J ~JLtv.1


.I,f. ~~.I" ~ b:JPU,dLil 1":;l:.~.I.LJIJ7.J.lIV. L JI, .::....I~
vl,..7' r0.1£y d'~t.l,I ~ y~I ~, ~. e: 4fl1/'1.1.1'"
j:;-..itJV L~•. c.P f ~-'r Ur I.::;.e'~
.J~. ~ L c..Iyl j, I"
I,j..:L ..,.1'
H~ -'--~ ,£~j ,:,.I"!J)f:~?'~ _;j !~~
..L ~b--' -: L JIJl £1;,"1;
~~'71L cJl.lJf.JL;,'!v!j~ rfr:#Y".!dr.J' L cJ'AP~-1

--'!J!
__;ty t'.lJ'~?,.,frcJt k U'Jj' L cJ!j;J; IJJ: -2
-~f /~ul\-fiL if.~ J'J,J u;t J.I.iv;!, L 4:)1-3
-~J~f.:A.J~JJL..r-·u~~fjl.l"fJ..; -4

-b~lJ/ ul1~ u!; IJ{')t; cft.f'!-5

Lfy

154.1 ,.1919;:.Jf r'" ,.;-.»,~C :V lr({' f-l


3S6 '" H~~_2
45 - 43 - 37 - '" - (.lltt,.; H~'_3
,.1896 ?I- J,',.; -.JJ' ~'j:.JJi"~' J'.f
12,11,8,7 '"
289'" : .IJi" cl..J' JLf' -4
256-2534.1 -(.Jltt,.;:vir ({'f -5

-r
544.1 JJ";:.IJi" cl..J' JLf'{'
r
2894.1- JJ";:.IJi"~' JLf'-7
5 - 4.1- JJ' ";:.IJi"~' JLf' -8
62

219&.1- (.I"'t~: vI; (f' r -9


203 &.I H~'-10
132c.I: H~' -11

2&.1-(J)~:VI;(f'r -12

m-370&.l-(.I"'t~:r)I;(f'r -13
361 &.I :H~' -14
362 &.I : H~' -15

2 &.I (Y' ~: L)I; (f' r -16


159c.I- (J)~: vI; t,r -17

415-254c.1-(.I"'t~:IJVrt,!- -18
156-155"- (Y' ~: vI;t'!- -19,
103&.1-JJ'~:.I~~'JV-W '
314&.I H~'-21
161&.1- (JJ ~:.lJ? cI.)' JU-24
63

t:I'! J.tt v! .JJJ J'...c:'L >- e.Nt ,.'...c:'J ..:-Ly) LS)~)Jdo


"L)'j"L)') v! t:I'-k"1£ Ai", r/ Ii' J! v!'~; ))J LSjr I..:-Ly)
"V ",:,,'l))' ~ )~; {"j( ct J!.tt )i' v~"";J,.P )~)J

If'; J 'r 1.1'; J V!)~)Jf-' j)1 +) ri r/ lif


)~)J

1£ J~J! v!.Nt LSjr I..:-Ly) J(' 1.1' ))f ~ J~ '»'t:I~j


. -v
..:-Ly) (V t:lf _Ii L! 1£ J~~ f! (..:-Ly) LSAvJ'v!)~)J
I~ Je~J~ s» -:eJ rJ ~).f(( -:I Yo v!~,fi L ",:"fl ))f
fri v! viJL vH ~ Jvf))f L!~(~~f) &f v!,-}~
-L!LSJ
'!J.tt ;> J""' ~ JL ) o~J e~J~ ~)i v! .Nt LSjr
:tit ))f t:lj) J-? 'J.tt '..::W-l 'j)) ; 'd_Jr! ')~)J Oi~ JYo)~L vf ~
L uL Jt. v~v-?Ij ...fI )~)J Oi~f 2.L! £.". {Ar J~b.)
JY Jv-v.:' ~ v;~,;-f .1)' k"~ ~ ~, L e~J~))f f.tt'" 2._
~, u~ '.tt/Iv v! ,I~,IJL e~ ,IJl.! Yo rJ vk-' !;(.? -P Y JJ -J"
frJ J~ ( 1.1' v! '-)~L if. J v! (~,~ ))'),/
1)/ i _:,
(1)_,.... cC!~I ~ _:,))I,.... cC!k"J~I
("- .I~,IJ..:rJ~,I.tt ~ y~L LJ1 _:,~/ Jv _,i v! ))J 1.1'
£ if~ / J1.1' eJ f! v.! JG' 1.1' .:)Iv JL Je~J~ ,I)f rJ ,~ t:I't)
("- l:J'b ))' i:... LJ1'" v!«(VIV,I~,IJ",I~jJ (Ii v! ,I)JLSjr 2._ li'
64

L ..:-."1 J,,/1; cJ'b _~ ,~ bt ~tJ-; J'J'JJ L cJ'..t1V~ ..:-,AI J


:f I.f1 a!v!~JI;.J , .I ,; .J!'/ v! '-A
:/ vnJ' J}L.lt.JlJ'fbtcJ?li~~~u~ L ..:-.1111.1'"
,;~..fi v..cf. ~ U~ L v".JJ' T ~b:;cJ~" J'/ L
v1lrI~'J.Ji'{Uf JiT Cf IJj v~.::i {,-;J5v' T
fl)"1J! LLj
(_ ttl.JJ',,~
u...,. "L.3""~'
y... . I"jUr J 'Jf _Lb:..•r~,,~
~.JJt j We
..

v! v' .JJ'~ b: r ~'-= _I) ~ u! ..;~.iL .J:'..1v~u,J ..fi'r'..I


L. ~~...L~ J'fJ!IJ.f £ LJf-,-2:;:f LLfL~)tI;p.:
'-,/:$ L ( J?' tS> .:,..< d.(3)_1# k'~'::::; w," d'..t~-{I-~ ,.:1:;. ~,
(4\)..Ji 1/1/':17''' ..:J.k'Po
.I~.u.ff~ l).J!/ 2...£'cJ' i;_ zs Ud} v! .J~J.~it
v; L ,;'J.JJL U.JS ,yl f..a'.~~;1 " ui..t''''_ tt,t ft~ L
iLr ...f (~d'bt5.1~.IJ~i;_Lfi;~...f .J~.IJ.I;t~L)V'''''
~ cJ'V ~ r~t.lJ.;.i1f ~" ?- L J'-!
jl-.fi tf Ti uk
~/,yl "',; utJ-; L UJJ'?~~ cf I'
..:-;~I JLf v! J~...f •
(5)_~Cf
I~
,...
r ..:-tL7,~ ./ . ...,_~ .;'J.JJ r ,1./ J~J~ L V. 'I; cJ'iJ
IJ./
.\.If ,,\.I y ..
tJf J'J v! ,,/IV (;)liJ.JJIr;2... L d) u! J!J' Po ~ tu
.I~.IJ

JV -L~If T"l '.J~ ft v~L IJ{ JV fJJ O.li'2... L V' tf~


JL"JIJ,;l ). )i.JJIi;_ ?-.J ,-.:I' 2... u~ JlI (JJi v~L IJ{
_i;_ ~J J~Ji~f J'jv! L L vI u~ .J'J ,-1'; ~ j Cf J>I

ft,( T"l ~"~(tJ..- C" I.J~ ; ..fi J Lv If T"l v~ L '-J{


t~If (tJ..- ';~J'"-i/,:i ILIJ Li v! A.JJf Jf ,-.:I' {V'?-;£
-lv! ..:-j_~1 J L~ L ,0z JI':;;'J L~ v~L '-J{ _~ C~
65

Y --?'}:It '(;tJ,V-..JY" L '-J{ 'L ~ ~L~ J u,x fif


SLtJ I[- ",:",Ill U!l~lJlYi~ ..d _L ?1_?1P '::;;'J;;JIj lJI
&~U~ ,tJl[-",:",Il'",:",Il~tJ," ~ (:;zlCl~ lJI ~ (:;zlcf »r ~~
(6t~J.V &~J~
&~(~'~J.V &~J~
Ly. ~I uk _p.~ {,-;~ L vI; ~Ib Ul~lJPo L vI
",:",Il~If~u~,J &'((J.V~/JJ~Iv..vl;~I!J-LL~tlCI
_~ til CtJJ--?i ~~ S",:",Ill LIJ Li ;; ..d If uk L LYi ttJI[-
(7)

,-;f elY ~ -=-'l!; ',-;/'~I O'~ v.. cf


L VI; ~Ib
'-~ lJILIJ S;; JJl ~~ A \,;y OILO';-v L vI _L Lf~l
"s.e: L(J ;Il .1.'.1.
JJL:;lJI..d J uk _L Lf~l ,-;f LIJ
...r S~I i LtJ..JJ..Jv..A1J&~J~
~ ttYiJI
'f-ll.i VY'l iAlIYill.i
J.~'JLi;c!J '~LfSVYl iAlftt(-)f »>» (0" -C(J;Il..d {
J~JtlrU~v. {~ {.::J L &~J~8>ttJl
(9)-;;:' L~J~lJf

C~ ~ J~ VI; (-d; lJI uP; S fyf lJI UJJI)V- l~lJ

V- ffk.f(lO>_LLf ~ jfl J f Yiti....;fV'} V- ..;;r L d -~


''-JI) V- _J Uji ,fl',j JflYi,f- -=-;~IS~ v..l~lJ10"
V-1U;;~~U;JJLd fyl'-/JJ(ll)-J ,:l..:..fY -:ill? Jf~
V- ",:",IlL l~lJ_L Lf~l ,-;f ~.t~ ;-~ lJI L~/ ~ J".I;
~~ ~ &~J~ Li.,; J/-=-;~I~ ''f-l J".I;
.::.v-Il&1.1. Y f~ ~

y.L 4-) &J L (? lJI Jlli. L U!A1JIf V- lJJji


/ f I';{ j~ I~S;-~~Y.l51~lJ V- J 11_L v!.m Jlk.I.
fYi ~lPo.JoC lJI C~I~If I';{t,;J!; 1;-~~.JoC v! (? -~C~
r£ d J:'
(12)...
66

~.J); 'u/,~ .J);/e";J~ f J4f -: (.I ~ 2... L Ut>~.JJ


~JJ~'""~-l ~~,J.;:;! '""~ ifl,J,/ ~ tf
f £ {JLJ.J ~ ~i ~.j;I ,J.J);,Jfyl .JJI'-JI)
="'yJ.J A c) ~.J);
,1'1) U.J~ 2... L .J);(13)_1).t.,;:)_; ./ £ d'~{VI c~V'~
e";J~.JJI
(14)_.t11(
e";J~~ .:::; ,J.'.t1 ,:.1(e";J~J? 0"s:~j;,
~ I)!.J~.JJ1U¢'" .JJIfyl 'uJJI)'~ JJ";y ~ e";J~
JP{.::..~
~.J~vi' 'J.~ "",,;-:.s: L./~J
.JJIe.Jk"'.::..l,-,'~
.liP L e";J~) ~ ~ "" 1I1J vlJ L~~ ,1' J (.I -: -J J.t1
;7 ~u»1) 'e";J~,.f f.'C J) If- "=,,Il {.I} Lfg .JLJI.JJICiI)!
A { ;':1' vI J)IJ L~~ -~ a.4 ~/ .JJI~ {/ L U~I
./ ~U~L
• y
LI .JJI~.J); ,JLL ~y
-I) CvII:• _'l

rr ./ e'( _'Ji
.JJI ,...

e";J~,1'" -:':";L",JL./..:.v"i;/. .J~.JJ(l~/_1)C~.t1!:)" >. e.J}-~,


(16)_1)C()I d'~ LL,J~
.JJI.::..~,J,f UL.?-I) C)I.t1.J~.JJ
'"" e~ 2... L ~Ij,J (?
Lji (X -v! j~1(: Jh) L':::; ;..-'.Ji '"" .::..'.JijUJj( U~;~
-'7- jf,~ '::".JAj I)~,Jv' L ~
.t1 ) L J: .I'" Y ~Ij
,-;J'/.v. L .:::; '~ " .:::; e";J~"
~ L),!/. A 'OJ .I); ,J!/.)' .t1,-)f L u'.JJJ ,.1. ~ tl.
~ --1/ ,;-' ,;-' L/ 0" L utJ~ Ub~)J' ,,=,,'
.1-" -J!
';-,d'", L ..::J> .t;-JJ 1))"- 1).1,,-1~ L O";J~4.lJ '.J.>);
,,=,,' '!.lJ.J); 'V'!/.'2.... .t;-JJ).t1.t1 ,-)f L ~ ~J ~ d'~
(17tV.t1 [;v....~(&~
,

0'.1 J~";J~ ~ L )p' uk-- L J{~~'..:...-:!' .JJ' L5JJ;.../ .


,J)~)J L J ,JJl,-JJL nl 1))/ u~-L5J"-' Lf( 4f.(l,- if
(J? OJ~ L~ ~J ~ Yo ~ ~~ ,Jol?J~",:-,'-L5Jrd..:f;J ~l?
67

,,:,,'Llf L .::.!A'Yo ~/-i 'L LJ'l.J ~ ~ UJ;( 2: Llf L UJ;(


,,:,,1 Llf L vir L u,?~ .1L! 4-J J". v...J}. ~ ~ ,J.J
v! Vl.J J'lA''' ~z..A' ~~tf JIJj -~z.vir rUPJI ~UJj,f
:J.'f- "" v! ~.J~ L(~e" L ,IJLJ,",v 0-'Ij ~
J J:; r (' !' v! 1:)1V! ~ ?- L (~.J~.JJuk L v!"
.JJI~ JLil 'I:)Lv J jV r J .JJIo.J~.JJ'e"J~ v.! (~I
(~.J~.JJYo Llf L uJ.Jlu ~ oj······ V! ~J.:yr o.JIJt
~ r: -f'IIV L;£.J .Jljf. ~ J!" I:)I.JJJL,J-? L
;_".v! u_';~L l:l-V! is Ji Jljl vr!- v! uJ.% ~
J!IJ ..;IJlji jj ~v L e"J~eJIl:l- V1LJ'l ~~j L".
(18)"V! Lvr J!~

-V'Jp r.::.Ly.J ":,,Il L .J~.JJ ,'...c:' L J{ ~I ~I
_J

tf e"J~-L)IJI 1":,,Il1:)1 i LJ'l}'IP v! .J~.JJIf-~ .JI~.J' L v,I


.JI.tll uk--r 1:)144 ,./-'L) J~J~ .JJIz,f J;.J); v!.::/.JP
: lie OJ) (.;; oj.JJ"';jJVS.::.Ly.J J ":,,Il L .J~.JJ
L U';I Vp.;:
" r e"J~~I f"" L ~ 4;c.J'oJ) .Ir. j~ .J); 'oJ V.Ir. ..::.rJ :I J ~
L .\/1; oJ; r '''Jr' ~./ tf J7-; .JI'L! t"I v.! .'p..I' _kjj
J-'"~ Ju eJ fl/I/-!/Jy' -: ~~ e" .JJL.!v!ji'il 4-J J~ J;lPJI

,j2 ~ I;z~ ti v! .J~.JJ'J7-) .J/'Jt.~j.Jll v! ..;LjL Jt e"JI


.JJI.1r~ J 0'.1v! .J~.JJ ~I : f v!J; ~y JJL vI ~ ~ Li .
VJ'l .Jk"= " ~L 1~y1:)1e"J~V- ,'...c:' L!I/? ~ ~J .J);.:;;...1
.::.~y-:1J7-) .JIL vI i if LIP! If. ~I L ULtf vI ~ ,j2 t~

( 41JJI I.JJ~?c[..J1 LS;~ I,)! (I:&:I vI L ~~ j.Ju_~.I.J~I .:;;...~)


(19)_1/,¥J~ A L e"J~ JY .Ib; e"J~
68

I)! ~IJrL .J~.JJi ~r I)! .J~.JJ..:.,.,../' j.JtJ I)! 1'1826 ~ "j2


.J); J/L VI --?fi 415J 0.1 ~~ V:'J L .::J ,-I.JJI ,.fSJ....;

(20)-V J}L vI OJ V-v ~ Yo,-I'- ~~SO~J~~ S v:! ~


'15~ I)!U,...~ L 1'1857 ~}' 15.Jr" .::.-L,....JJ ~Il L .J~.JJ .r
t '- .::.-L,....J J ~Il L .J~.JJ~ -V ...:a? L Uy]j J~"Jv ~ ~
o~ )Jv. -VJLi /.::.-~IJ) o..t- (i SUt.v L U"":I2... VI s: '_:';I J

:'f-VL/ vll)!JJ.~opr VlL?


.::.-LI;:o OJ ~ V v:! JI; i~~~.JJI,.;1; JIj L UJ.J',...J~"
., ,-J/#; J7-;.J/ J/";.JJI
./ o~...i'I,.;'o~ .JJt,.; V- d-I.)J -
.?' &' J/r ..;..;/.J/ J/. ~ Ii ~r...f ~If J1.JI,...
.JJI Ii C;I '- ,-J/" ,-jlJ.JJ L (~elliJ OJ iii cr I)!~

.JJI VI; ellb LJ1 L"JJJ,-J/),... ~ ~ _Ii LA J~

)V) {/ )JI 'f- CJ1",="",,,1:..- t v~rc1- v.! Lr ...f LI;}.>


;;-'.?' L o~ I)!A.JJ i~ v:! tv If ~Ill)i~ OJ J.f1v:!
-Vj' JJ1 L 15;( uy " u-v 'L.Iv:! olJ"Jv~
Llf
ttVv:! ~I L.? I~ L VI I)!15.JI Jf 15:Ji J

15)~.JJ" ..11..-- L VI IJ1.JI; r ..:..t~J~ ~ U~ P! L 1'1857


UJ)~)J L ur~)J~J#; .::.-I..il L el' -J!J1 r If .::.-L,....J J ~IJr

UJ.A/.~
.JJIUJ.J'.;;!-j J~£V- .J~.JJL #; LY Llj .JJI
£.JJ' 'f-.J

J ~Il el' L U.J..; ok-- )Y J~ J2 ~ J~I)! u.,Jf tt' L


)JI

~r v! .JIJI.:; S ,-}~ J~ .JJI ..:..t~J~ eleJI ,Jv Yo/ .::.-L,....J


. -v.lf ~r
69

-1
Jacquemont, V.:Letters from India. Vol II, Karachi.
. 1979. P.2l.
-361.1fI966J:1/-~~ '.J~i :uIV.s1v.-2
V./ .::-tJ~: uIV.s' v.-3
-6621.1f1965.JJ'ftJ('J;i~ ,..,.:>:
-4
Orlich, L, Von.:Travels in India, Including Sind and
the Punjab, Vol. II, London 1845.
P.24.
22:1.1f1968J: 1/(..;:; JJ.J') -el} c:J Y.:J~~cr-> (~-5
37-36:1.1f1955.JJ'ftJ:.J';cJ~IJ: o?Jd -6

209: 1.1f1960 J:I/(..;:; JJ.J1)


JJI,..,.:>_,)'J (:.JJ~I~ oj".
37-36:V}i (% _145 _1.1 _~J~ '.J~i
37-36:V:.J~ cJ~'J-7
39-38:I.!:jf (./.-8
39 ;J :"~I -9
37V:.J;tcJ~J-lO
308:1.1;,)' J(-11
71/. d!i:oJid!i -12
309d:J' Jt-13
371.1:.J'; cJ~'J
4Ov:}i (X
210:V·"~, -14
4O-39v:}i (X-15
210V:,)'J(
40:1.1ji (X-16
·0

70

41-40: V "~1-17
(,..?; JJ) J~JJ JJ ~AIf L Jt ~~,~:l5;i J,I /J. -18
141:V fl967 ~If
• 243- v fl896?1_ JIIJJI~ Ij: JJ:? d_..J1 JI{~!9
46-45 -v f1951 Ct/._-;, t.5J...;i ~1).J: ~ __$I-io
135-134V 1960 "J 4)r _J'LJf.t~ ~ Pif~:U~.J -21

--------- -
71

2... v' ~ U'J1 C)y,. (i' --f' r~ I.)! ~I?J~ (lSi ;;f r fY'
U~..::..~YU~;-=- eJ~; vi' 2... L .:£.1.J!)/. 0.1'JGJJ;;f V' el?J~
J:~J "'~ .JJ'._;)t,; _;,'j '..::..~IIJ .IG'J';''-..J ~, \.r/.~I.)! 1:1- ~
-vi' J.!'J1"::"~y
7.J .IPu,.JJ'~u,., ~eI?J~._f ~ f~.J .J'_,)-:I.)! b.JCr "Y'
J'./) ,=-' IfY' .JJ' ~ j,Ji-...:,j./ el'./ UJ.J'J'L.::,,;; LU_';'
.. '" ~J "'''

L fY' j LJ1 '~.JIt; L 0.J/ I.)! '-.J'J' L ~I?J~ ~ ~ -1£


~fp J} .J'~'fb:J;£ ~ leI?J~4-.JjLJj Jr..JJ'U}jvL;;f
-~f
s:7 C;~v f t'J.k -: -=- b.lC JC)y:1;f I.)! C)~J~
J1

,:....z; L "Y' Po L 1.1' ~ -7.J .:.1L L el?J~fY'._f ;P~-=-/.~


£ f b:.Ir.J;~'I/. t) L C)'.JJ'.t..IoC' f._f uk 'J~1P..::;u,,:....zt
IS..::..~v' .JJ' ~J(- I Vt'}ISA~' I.)! ;;f L "Y' L ")IJV' -~J
'J1,:,~u,., .JJ'..::,.!~jJI I.)! if. "I):
.;.::J I '-J'?v' flS ~ I
e.tL~ Jt;;:, -=- J;~ J1j u LJ1 ~ .::J el?J~J'" ~ I.)! ,..j. L v'

-:Jv' j ~ C~J1":,,,~r u./--f' ~ I.)! ..£. J.J'~' J,.y'


'j' 2... v' -'-JfJ~/. eY".J} Y Ify'...;JG- ~, s:jJ1 ~ I
J

L"'G- PoL J.,:,I;A Yo L.I~ J'J LJr .JJ'J!' JJ'i-~k.J~


--f' "J1ttl} ,J....l... V'J LJ1 r,:,--f' r
U

(tj;' -=-1.1' LJ'? J~' ..JV;


72

J~~)yll)" 'CJ~ ISLJr Irill,;-'


)J' rr eJ!~ .P! L
'{./' ,,~)J jlJ' ~if.if'~ IJ~~ )J' !:)."t J.~ ok-- L
.c J'Z r ~k~ (v L ):hJ .s» '1.5) \5J).)IZ'f) ~
~ ~'J-.f' JI} S1)"
:'f- rf
J

,-/lr )J'

t)J,;,l -:' ~i.I J'Z i)! Po L !- ,.;1; '(JeJ'! ~ ~ t)~' (-"


,.;~~S 1)" L,j' "j2 '~L / Lli I:LJ'Z LJ) L 1)" '~ ~,-!~
If.." L)I; )~'Jj Po,_,lf I:L 1)"(l)_~JJ Y~,~ I.5J)J~ )J' ,y
~ (J S t}~
t:! J'Z r~~~ / JlI S 1)" )J' I/ifY ~'Po L ~~~S/.
jlJf ~ ~_";lr v! ~11~ t)'(2)_I/~vrv!) .I 4>.4
"j '~
_JLL~) JjJJi >'S I)")J'
J"~~~UJ )'.t~? '-.Nf if' 'LJ J'~)';;'v! J-
/ s» 1.5)-V' -: 2... L LA'~i_ )J' ...;rU:J~ JJ )J' LJ
1)"
J~' S e~J~)J' £.I o~~)J' .),~j S e~J~eJ ..r J'Z ~l,.LI -: v!
2... L 1)" i 'f- J~~L)i)! e~J~ji Ll), e.t~ '){ '){ ~ L)t_)/
ji '-J .J'L-- ~ 1)" i 'f- eJ'..JJ~ ~, jJ'"-:--Y eJ}i ,-.I J'~,,_i)!
,-.I 1;# ~, LJ~ / L)J)~ '" )? 2... L 1)" i 'f- ~) ~~ '"
L/ 1)'1)J' ,-.I r3 / L),I~ )JI L)J~IP!i 'f- ,j; ~L);,fI OJ ji )J'
L (~e~ llJe ,-.I J'~~~!/eJ~;~ eJ~;2... ,;-' LJJ j le~J~
0' )J' v!r3 ,,_i)! ~)~j Sf. -" 2... L 1)" L ..J.uJ' (l..:" ,;J
_~ t} .:JG' ,.;v! J'
,.; )JI ":;~j,.; 1)'1";)J 1),) 'pI ~I " ~ S ~j
(3)

(1)
i_ L '::)JJ J" ~t)1 .:.d~ (il ~ ~ S ~ .Nf I.5ji
'7. / J~~)YI O~ S':;;'J 1)" v!~ ~ L ~j 1)'1_~ tJ ~J.Af
73

eJtr.y'j Sc.lL'Jet' .JJ' JIv';:".Iy1,j}j'rF' r.$ v! -£C _Ii "J


~ .;:.,1IIvc.I' ;;f r ,.y, _~ _/t*--I ,-/lr '-.I{ L U? i:... /tf
"~ v! V' Yi,:,.&Ri Jlr U~ Vlr z: V' -'Yi _/t*-- ~.I} V~
eJ

S~ ":)JJ ~ ,..";I.) j~t J v'


j~ Ji f f- P>!r. c.l1J·.1...;) S.;:.,~

~ 1.::/; c.lL.fJ-"~j f JJiv ';:".Iy1


-:v! ~ -""Ujf
~, ~.;:.,j Sl:) fli ,..";I.) Oi -(, r ?~~c.I" s: z.:~ 'J'
,.y, .IJ' d!j S~~~,&~J~f~1I~ jP -: r v' i.. v' L~~-rl/
R _i:... ~J ,-J", S;~/.~~,&J'i:...?-~ t~ ~ /s« .I~.IJr.
zb-.IjL l:) ~' ~ _i:... a.l [;,j J ~, r. i:... LYi.tt' &JL'J ?
'Lf'J' 1c.lbiLJ~.IJ';£.1 J}"";p ~"Lf JylJ,_J Lf'( 1u')J~
r j..f ~ ~ &J Ii ~ R.tt' y. _.& &D ,j L u-"J R S(' V'
Ji~' _Ii Cf J~' I..:::;,u, Ji eJ v! ~~ylJ S~ '..u _Ii ~ ~ &j'~'
V' _Ii Cf,YiJ r...f Lf J 1u}L.f v! do i:... ~Iv .I~' L ('
t
Lf~ JylJ ~ ...f1-{, ~ u}L.f;-vL .IJ' (!JC;:, '-~.Ir L
V' i:.. Lj ~,_i I:l...f LLI'v~ L c.I'f ...f uk i:..
Jiv ';:".Iy1
L uJ~.Ir c.lI/.IJ' J!.7.' uif ~ Yic.I'tJ uj( L uj( ~ ~J S
_~?v!ufo.fj~uj(/r J~(Jt
0'4 Su}v Jd' ,_i &,t" ",":::;'J1UJ.I'J'--"" if' L~
~ u}!.) f~t -"J'--"" -:'..u 'JJ~J.:A uJ;~ ~&"f JYi
v' Ii [;,'J.Ir"- r ?.I); .IJ' ';:";.1'i:..?-.1 u~/i.. LJ~ L ":)JJ
eJ i:... LYi ~j &J~j L &~J~Y. fY' &J_~ CYi,_i rr J/r ..!
_?-J. L
Sv' v! ,:,Lj L &~.J 'i:... Lf J.I~ SuH f L J;.1 U.llP.
v' 'Jf J.I~f L.I); .IJ' ~ ~ uflfli .IrJ -: r I:)". JI,.;..1
(4)-J Jf ~..:)JJ.:ALv'~
74

.;JL.L',f ('1: s: -:t'.Jj '-/ JJ L J~ L '::)JJ eJ~ L v'


'JIf L Jl-:::,yJ.J ~ Up.v .JJIUJ.?L L'; '" Lir Y f ,..:.! irv.j
.ItC -~ Lir V~ / '::)JJ J JL J J'.ilr ,f ,yl ":"~ -~ Lir V If.!
JL.L',f ,y' ":"~ OJ f" ~ -: r iJ';! .ItC J ~(; if cr:> '~'.JJ'-':
r)/ ~ ,;'7 U'~J~L ui'1I!uiJJ P! L JL/. t) _i;_ ~f ¥
v' s: Jl Jk' iJ';! v. _i.I? v! ~i ,-J/J'~ .JJ'~1Ji
r~
G- v!()' ~, c If/ U'}.JIcr:> JJJ ~ v!~~ U'~ L
tr.~JI,..-,,-.J~J u~J'}'Yl,..:.!';J~r;(i~P! L ~J~ ,f/..t.(S)-~
,f v' .»~ .::.::'il ~(;":"Y"' ,r,.f jl;' .JJIU~ .Ii v! v' ~ r3 ,;'7
L ~~ O~ y.J' If.JJ~eJ ,f ~.J'~ o: V' J' -:::'yJ.J J.Jd"V ~L
ejy. r J, e.JJ~',fu~.Ji J' J!I.J~ e: L L"~.;J. ,f ,.f j~
(V v' -~ ~!I.J~ fJ'; ~~.J'~ (j2 ~ UJ.JLL U..t~,L,,- d ~
(6)_y f~L U(; if cr:>.; ,;'7

JL .JJ'J'.ilr,f v' P! L L/ L/-, f" .JrJ -:'v!~ ~~~


'-R "e '~LI,..-(j2 e~J~ v! ,;Lj J'k.' -" Lir Y f ¥ J~ J.
~jJl( i.L,.j-'p L v' J~.JJ' ~ ~f ¥ J.r .JJ'J'~J ~!A'y.
? v!'Yl.J '.ti' ~JI.i1r -: S~ ')'Yl.J~e~J~~ v! .JJJuii _~
,fJ'.i1r eJ '} i;_ LYl.JJ":::;U,,.j-'pL L'J L/ ;;:1)1 J' Jir Yl
,yl fiYl JI -: r !:i'j 1;)1 L ~ £?:-J Li If.! v! U' Jy.)J?
S,;17 L ~I ...It L Lf,jJ'; (~J;}f uV' .JJ'~!A'y. ''-R
,;(;J' L ,y' jp ~":"~f,Yl -:;. ~ r v' ~ _~ Yl..:.JIP
L '::)JJ e~{ ~~, .JJ'v! J~uJ c.C';"..:f / ,.j-'p .JJ'~jL.L
"I¢.. k"~!AJ.J~.J~ Y. " J' 1.:' ~ -: -v!' JIr.S ~L}v v! '-.J~
L U"":IJ)-- 0:. 4!.J ~j' ~, L f ~ / u(; JLV' L ~'.JJ'-t.ItC
(7)-V.21,..- L uh L u(;,:.J~
75

S,.Yl .JI~ j 'I" e~A/-' t) ~ Po L d Se~ .A..:~


~ I(~ SJI~~8) ..~V ~ v! ,.Yl J:L? ~I .JJ' "" ~ u~Y
...f ~ f 1 ~ ':;'JyI Suk -~ oJ~ u: v! ur1J ScJI;--J~cJ)i
1./' ~i:.. L.I i".::)JJ~;jJ/ 1~b1~ ,.Yl 'T- J} --?'J 1-=--')
v!bJC SJIIJJI(9)-i:..2!i.f'J)'~~JI~~ J '::)JJ~ tflJt I.f 'Jj S
JJI,f S~ JI~~ ScJI'~11)~...:I !,.Yl.R.1J1 J-~I.f.:."- ~I
~...f UIVJ (lSi v! ~1J S ~J~iJ~10)_~VJI} J J-j ~I

. .
L 1./' Po cJJJJJI ~ C" ~ JL I( LIJ L/ .r/ -
&IJ (J oJ,!
JL I(~~ ~_,d s:i:..::£ ~ 1./' -=--,) -~ C~ 1J~ J'L.I 11: I~~
.
oJ~ J~--?Jo~ ~ e.Jfi -=--, 'I" J~ JIJ OJ 2....1./1_~JL I(J~
(1l)_t.lJJJ/.,. S,jr r ~I.,.., ~ 1./' j ~ J"
Y !,.Yl ...J) -f1: f / ~JIP ':;'JyI v! ~ .Nt oji IJJ
~ ~ J~.Nt 'v.:.1JylJ,/- -=--} ~ /.~ ~I OJ .rt! ~
';-,
"'/ ,.;.! ",UJJI~~S,.yl.JI~ ",-.IJJ J'i JJIJ); ':;';J.lI)I e..(G
cJIs» e? ~V:>'4f'),'vt:f- -v!}.I;'.I]./ Jv.r JJr.£' u/) JJI
2....1./1 -J2.::.~ " ~ '::)JJe~ 6 ScJIPo L L/ 1 L" -=--?" L
: IJ1 ~ .:;,t~·JJ~ v!!/':Jf r
~ir' JI S..::.-SIP S1./' 'T- VIJIIL U";I '::)JJJJLr. f ~ JJI
+~
J."J 'ill:! J~I I('::)JJ 2....1./1 t.l V .I J/ JJ ~I IJJ~
L,,", J~ J .:..lr"; JJI J~{ J I./~ 'ujlJ '.:;,VSek: OJ~~

~ --?J S if- /
-
. -V!~~~./.~L...J~ILcJlv!bJC
S 6~ u)l.)
.,.
1~t '::)JJ L U"':I...f_;;'(JJ
_~

Jj I~ ~I IJJi:..~ " J? v! Ufl':;'bHJ L rt


J L cJI
p2.... L u~ _it. ~fi~ L ':;'JIt' J ~~ LU"':I 2....L L~(t
t.ll.f~ S.:;i!tj 1./' ,~ ~ { ufl v! ~IJ '~ .:;,!i Iu~ 'tIt
76

tJ~ ~I I.)!;.- L ~IJV L tJI.t~ y.) ctP ,f/. ~I '(y


'L z.):V ~orJ.J';.1"..10:1. 2.... L LAp'...v .:;,ji '-t' .JJI(J1 Cf
J.J); eJ~ L VI -'f-JJJG" ';.J)'!.IIV,2 IfL.)Jj~(LIJ I)~ I.)! if.
.JY') (~I;f-'f.:;,~ I.)!.JJ.) ..;i J tJ,.J'J"':"._AJ...{ t~.;1)1. '.]G 'j~

-~
',-? 2.... L Lb: JIJJ~ .JJIolJJI ~
Ly .:;,~~ '-t' '(.J"t
-2' ,f .:;,JjI JI J; .I

I.)!) /i f~f
L I)tIVtJIV/.:-1.JPIb L LI' I.)!..;LjL ~~
e~
1('6 >./i L LI'{~ Lf./,2 e~IV.JJI~ 'Ly --fI ~ (t ~I
'2.... L OJ?} IfVI L ('6 'L~OJ:.jt,;)!j 2.... L~ VI filii
sv! JJ1 ~ Y.:;,J.JII -: tJ!I 2.... .:;,t~ .JJIt,;)!j J'J./.j ~ I)n
L 1),)1 L 'f-.J if .:;,y. I.)!...~} r
y..J JI .JJI V.n' Jt&:1rI)tIVtJIV
(12)_~.J~_.:;,/. Y~o~J'!J-:.JJI 1Jj_",;t) Lfl ~I
r JtJ.J~ --?'.JeJ 'f- Ci Ji I.)!,-/IP LI' y. .JI.J(r.:I Je. ~
L 1),)1 I.)! q LI'L (L,JI_,fJI.)! ..:.v-1.J ,fJ~i .I):? I.)! fI83I y. 'f-
-V'V ~ ~r;OZ ~IA .JJILV ~orJ.J
1)_,I'v
L z.): ?v! un JLJ.J.JJIL~JJ h.J s» .JY') r t:JI"
I)J,6 _L ~J II)JP ':;'.11/ ,-jy. u1j ~.J!it "' '-/'J
":'.)J.Jr I)J.J} ~i L ~J .:;,!.Z f J/ JJ I I)~y. .JJII)~
-L ~J ~J.J.J!it JJJI I)J}'v-1 ~JJ -~ u~;~.J!it JJ
~.JJ~ L tJI -L Lf v I)h.; .:;,/J ,f I)JJ'? .JJI-r'}
-r~.JI .JJIU}I} -:// 'u~~u~ ~ Cl. tll/ I)J.J!it~ LIV
(13)"L Lf~ (bil ':;'.J~ I)J.J!itI -r) j,~
77

JI S~tA.I .n' ~i U~ v! ,-/lr .n' .::./; (lSi ~, -f"


U~Jt ~.I~SO~fJA~}i..L~~~JJ;U~.O,t If.! ~{
UP;'" 1 q~'fY' -~ CYlJ~ ~~ ?-.lj L ii iy. .lJ' J;'"
U.,A!..7 .lJ';£.1 (i 1.1'J;' ,;-' OJ/J.,:..fL7. .Ii2.. LYl it. (i.;J~ S
,;-' fY' .s: ?-.I ~ L~ LC L UP;'" /.!.t. e: L L~ J; 1
'~V ~lf: lie _i:_ L.I J~' ~7 L (.Ii i.. t;. L.lF 1ell(!
~ .::./;1), '~'j' ~/ '~VJ.? J'i~J/.~'~VJl~~ UYl'} Jj
'lt~.6 ;-~i 1 JYl J'}J ~ DJ~;~ V' )i .lJ' J';'- S,;,jJ .lJ' jj/.
.:}IPS~ 'r)/ .J ~,.; '~,.(E- UJ.6L i~ 'cf '~.ltp..t' d~;
-v! J!~ (~~v;? v!/ .lJ'~ ~lI'r,_(;v!
L U,t~ .lJ' UY:J J- Ly' f~ 1-.-: r J.rL J;'" v'
). Sd' s» ti.l >...t' ,f-' ,.(£e: ?-f ,f- ~~.;( ,j'...;~
~ ~J SJ.rL J;'" 0" _L ~)).I a er d' ell(! L d' o: ~y.",
L d' (uV' r u./.'~~ ~J S if.i:_ L~,f-If .; u./.'~~f fY' -:
2..L.I~~~
f i:_ i!Yl.l;' v' v! UYlJ/ L fY' ~~~ L I'J .lJ' ~I(!
If 1 U.,A!..7 L d' f J JYl.F lSd' i ~0. If.! .I'_t;,v.:,)i
/-' 1...iJ' d(,/. UIV ~JlY':::;J L J? L e~ .lJ~lie _L _:,)J;'
fY' J _;'7 l>i~ .lJ' L.I...i!.;J~Jle~.lJ~L v' i 1),If.! e.Nt ~ fytJ'
e- ~
_;'7 e..t- Uiv ~UYl~J~f ~ ~J SJ. ~LJI.;t-} .:}JJ S

(14)_" .d"~L e~ .JJt


.lJ' ~!? L'J Li ~ IJ- f~ 1-. r J.rL J;'" 0" -:
,;-' v!
f JYl"';/ .; ~~ v' $tA.I Sd' Llf L 2 ~J~
L fY' -J!~ dL,.';i ~ JIu,iJ..7';-'.IJ' J!~~ vi 1.I'_t;'
fI8S7 -~ ;-'" ~ uJJ" .lJ'u,¥ 'u)~ \)J-~)IV S~'JlP J'j~'
78

tf ':::;J Vi! (j.J Yl ...$. C-I.)J:J!.JJI ~ O.J~ y"1f r J'J.,.f? v!


_i:.. ~.J L.'(' 1.(.)/I.)J:J! fY 11:L .J~.JJ

. ~3)
L~' f! ~..:tJ tfvl -~ t:("' ;tJ~C- ~}~/J} ~ ( fyl
'-? ~J if J 1,.(fi ~ -!0'.1 v.! J~.:::;u,JIJI tf rl;~ J ~J ~

-tJ~ 'L....f.);i-' lie -!JYl v.! Jy. J/ ..JJ)P L ~,tf


e.J~ ~)~

if! /1.1: v! .:.-/J'~ C- v! I.)'y'~ It'j L e"..?1y. 'y ..:t'} 1.)1;


(,;,Y J/C-..:tJ tf LYl.Jy(/' IYl~ j J}t C- J' vi 8"J~'v
(15)_1(.. / ,:,

v! I.)/.~.JJI I.)i~ ';-, ';-, fyl f~.J~ ~ (o;tJ~C- ~)~


'bJ!fy'tif,J/ I.)H:i:..L/ 1.)'r'J.J.J(JLt:!'" ~I/Yl.J~J} J1
.JJ)IOr -v! J~(~'t/fljl Il.)j.J; '~-j~.} .JJIt/..;.!{ 1.)£;
J"ul 1':'-.110';;-- -f1 L 1.)';1 J.;_'''';;}v? ~( ,;, ",:-,I) L JlJJJI
O.JJv. o7-v JIi1 J' c-IA C- .JJItfO.JJ ~ tf vi ~I$
/1)1
.J~J} L L..~';-, 8J J'L"IYl v.! £"";J)P L~' Jy.J~L D,?I L
(16)_i:..~Y

(4)
.JJ'.:.-L~ v~ 2... ,;-'.}I; S;£.J;(;J C- ('IIJ} j.f (fY'
L..f j). .:.-~~ .J~J{ .JJIAt!? C- ~~ tfe"J~ C-' lie _I) cJ: .:.-t~
-~• ,.,
- .:.-L~
• LIJ LYl r:7 /...$. .JJI.JJJ'~
l ".
'.JJl..''~IP: "JI!. _i;_

'~IP '~ C.trJIP C- "";L"J' ~I JIP ( 1:)'.1i:.. L.tr J G"J ~.JJI.I '.;:!? .-;fi

Jf c-"'1 .JJI I.5.JJI.-!'...$. ( do i:.. a.J eJ.::.-tlb> L --6. j}1 .JJI.-!


J'~ y. e:..;£.J OJ ~~u,.;. L .JJ.JI ct' J .JJ.J' Je"r' _~ C.trtf.! Jz-..I J

Y( J' \:J' -=--~1k7I~!? -:: _L L.tr (J/ ~J~;~ ~ v.. se


79

~ J.tf :({ J'Jj ~ ~ if. .s: L./ (f'6 tS Jif .IJ' ~


.I;'
~I 0' ,p L .::-~UJ~ ,t! ~ z:« .I'.t~ J!.::-~UJ-:.1;' v' '0' .
_£:../If.! I~ ";~JI J/I)! ~ tS '
J~{~' 2... L tJ;/. .IJ'..:;.); J ~~~, fY' -:8J~ L .::-~UJ
't!J.tf I)! tJi S~,J'S~Iif .IJ'~ '~/ .s: -:>j I)~ { ~J

)~ ~z:; .1'1"{t!~j ~j 2 _i:.. L.tf vJ'}.1)!v~,f- J:..1


fi~ J

A '~J '~y O'L Yo'J.tf ~j ~ J I:)!jtJ. I)!}: L~' -I)! J~.I'J


..:;.); J ~~StJ.I'1"S~,;;_z.., £.J aL tJ.I'1"S~'./L t . )J'

.r.t!.::-~tJ/ JJ-: -" C.tf~ ( ..:.J> J:~ScJ' '- J'P; Sct;tJ, .IJ'
_i:..?-.1 (if '-I.).tf,t- ~,y,ct;tJ. L~'

(5)
.IIj/.I? J~zl:-.IjL~'l ~ f.!t'-:I)!J.t;J/~~'
(?
-'f- C.tf.11,.$, J~ S v~'-
~'l ~ L ..;Lj v' _i;_;£.1
!'"
IffY'..J.C.tfIf.! V- 0' (" .IJ' fY''';y
.IJ'I.)Yo.lJ....;i:I v~
;£.1 J~ (j~' J~ fY' -:':::;'JL .::-G"tJ..u .s:
L.tf?-I)! I.)P.
'/.,. ~I j 4:- L~ • i..L ..:.G"tJ.~•
.IJI1.)J:!'v 'I.)rJJ~'y elA f"'./_4:-
~If.! JI.lJ' 8J~ L 1.)J:!'v V~ I)!.::-,IP~ i:.. 2;../L I rJ.jtJ.
. _i:.. L./).i:I { J') ij Ji '-/ JJ-" c:C
J~ (,;:/L v' I)! J~' L v' j" C~_/L if/-' JI)i
,;:/)i -U J~' I(V').tf ,-ycJ~ j C.tf';:/ r ji" C~~ OJ

,;:/r_t"v ~ {k"";.I) _C./ J~' ( V' flfi~ '- _/j C.tf'xl)!


J~ 'L~L)~...:{~
l.)iJJ~J L .::-G"tJ.'- fY' L',;:.J '-7. .JJI
/ ;( ;-~( ~l/ _" l;)J.J(~ I( LYi;( J! nl L/ ..:gjl,r "'/1. { '~J

v.:'J ~' I~l/ i Yi ~J .;;,:/ eJ~j ji" JI? I)! J~It~ L._f k"
80

J~ _I().J); YJJ! V' CYi 'X v! "f/ .Po v! 1.:),.2.. LV. ~~


J~1.5;(.JJ' s: ~ J~.J~J s» -:~.Jj ~ r .JW;, L ~~ ,.:.'.JJ'/.
;;' LJ ,-:"Il J (tY i a'-'-/ JJ ~ v! ~'.J ;; _L LJJi JlP!

_LJ(tY J;' ,-1.5.1'''- Y JJ i LYi'X J! v!"f/


(6)
L ~.Nt I.5ji f 4.JJ. ~,,4' V' (iP! L ~IY '-~ V'
JIP L ~~~ .JJ' '_;~J' J~d L ~'/' UZj .JJ' J'.~J 1Jk-- f.!t"'
ji 2... v' -i;_?-f ~ .J'i/.!~' If ~ ~, v! ~IP /l OJ .s:
4.JJ.iJ.1f 1.:)' .; ey',j' ..rr i;_ ~J.JJ/ ,.J~ r v' i ,-J 1.:)1.;>' J!.;1.:)'
J 1.1' '- v' .;.I} 1.5/l1b4f ...; v./ ,.:.~!,j' OJ ji _I.)J.J ,.:.J;
I.5/JJiL(1b ..:,d.? 2...L.:..!.J~' u";)..f' _L LJ.JW;,r~
v! ~ J'r'_;) ..f' 'L LYi Lx v! ~J~ J ti~..;)
J yJ J

~,u~ _i;_ ~ ~ .1"'4 4&. 4f v! »r' UZj..J) 1.5/ JJ i i;_._;_,r


L ~~ ~ L)~Ji;_ LV,2 U~.JJ &.J~ .1,1~~~ J ~JJI 2.... L J\.. r
.P. V' L v' 'i;_ L'y. 4f ,-j~ (L' .JJ' 4.JJ.GiIV'I./...J(' ".I} L .JW;'
_rJ ~ ~ ,.:.~I;.o !.::i;tj If

Lfr
190·'"- fl922'';(( - JJ' ~:~ )d: I.:)J.J'(-J-l
182-180 V' '(.JL.t ~: UIV jlV-2
52 V':)..i,. l.5;i JI-3
f1969 .JYitJ( .. ?o; JJ)) (JJ ~ - f.!t"tJ'JL: ulV ;'Yi~-4
338'"
271'" «.J~~~'~-5
81

271 V :"I;t' -6
267 v: "1;t'-7
284 V (JJ'''''') :cJJ.I'(-J-8
80-79 V (JJ' ~):.lJ:? cI.)' Jtf-9
294 V :"I;tl -10

278-277 V f1896~ ~J~r .lJ:?~~ ~.lC:1.)1;11' (--11


124-123 V «(.I~ ,.p) "'r"t..}J I~ -12
-~ J~r.lJ:?~!.I ~.lC-13
278-277 - V
58 V f1919 ~ - JJ'''''' -"'JJ'~.lC :!,(-
-14
271,.270 V «(Y' ,.,.,) "'JJ'~.lC-15
52 If (JJI ,.p):.I.J:? cI.)1 JLf-16
82

L ...J, YoP. d~ I,)! .::/; L ui~


.IJJJI..,v.1 V- d~J~
J..P. ~ 2....L Lf ~ ~uk-- '-t' ~I'~ J'!i "')JI~ e'.lj
Lr ~ /- 1::."'/8J~jL ~ j ~I 2....VI -v.~ JJ u~'j .IJ'J..lf'
d~ V"Clo (1(;-1/.::/; 4 4 J2 ~ F 8J~j ..J. J; d~eJ f
o:.'...(i I,)! :# 1.1'",),/
v' '~Olj -{~jtJ. ';-, U~.IIJ~j '-t' :#
L~ ~ fl~ '-.IL.--L ';:)JJ :J! 0'.. .....;/ You~J~ J~~
_~
...J, vI JI ~ .IJI~ tJ: C J!v! ~~
J1 jL;.1 vI .J'I,.- .J'I,.- L JIJj
.IJIJ#J L d' f £ I)!.::..-lJIlui'./ L u~ L U';I j LJ1 ~i {
J1 r U' J~U~IJ ~j tY;,J P. vI ~ ~J,J if.v.Jf.l~ ~
'-.II:J\'/ v.J'f~'J,;:)JJv~L d' f,f J1-: Jkr '::"-.J~-J!
'~~ ;;1Lf v~ L d'v! U' .J'I,.- J2 '~ ?-J .JJ'J#J 2....L
vI ~ ~~ .JJIL u';l2.... L L~I:fI':::;'J L ~ j 1.112....v'
"'..,v.I,Ju~ .JJIU#'ur.J 'u# 'uJ)'; L':;; L uj.J1 J P.
dl-Jf.l~1 ~I Jl,ill,)! !.tj,J V jJ.lu.I",f ~ Lr L ur. J
L !.tj .IJI2V '",:"Il uJf 'I~ 'v~.J'I,.- .J'I,.- L ur.l .IJIu,yJ
,;-' L UJ~ L :J! 1.1' -J!r u~..; J!(.)! u~ .IJ'uJ.k '-/ JJ
:L.. L (;-j .JJIJ! L':;; 2._ L u.llf' "::;;.Ii~L u~ I.JJ1.;:..lJI
L P. 1.1' fl. cf. F r" (~~
U.J'"/ ~ Lr Yoit.. Jlf;1~) L
L U';I '1/v.! .....;/I,)! u,...( J! I,;:)JJ'-t' L ~j
.IJI,,:_G"J' ';-'
r£ £.",.::..-~
1.1' :J! -: I)!.::.).7 J~ ,; .n' ,J J; v! '-;"'J' J r ;;,;
83

7'::;'" r _;~ ,Jel" 1).!.Ii ?' JJI ml/./ L ,-}Ir 8J frJ


'-Yo 8J a: ..:J jJ )jl 7 ..:Jss )jl d'.t1V( eI' -?j ,J v' j .::;...
J1 _;)j'
If"! u~j
.::;...1 _"r z r. 2... v' -I).! ;f J:) /)~ )jl (~ '-Yo .::;...
.::J L ~ vI -7 '::'-)J/ l/,J ~ j.:;:,l -?j ~ 2... L L.I J"IP
v' ~)j~ )jl d'.k ')",v ')IP.:" y '~J' '/,,; II- L)jA)J ';-, L L)';'
_L L,,! z:.(} f~I )j'.::.-!Ji Ir.,-p (ft 4
)Jt L/ z:.(}
,J :# vI 8J '_"rI~ J r. ~'I_"r,J:! ",:"J'r. v! »» v' 2... vI
,J:# V' 8J J:)j~ ~)",v ~L)_"r/";'U)~)J -: '_"rI~.::;... ~j,J uJ?)
_L L.I ~~ (j ,;-')IV,J J't J"jjjL?
~ tJ!~ ~ L .::.-~Ij),J J.tj ~r- s J}1r vI ,J :# ).,f,,!
'.::.-L,.-) '.::.-V 2... V' _rJ JIP J} uJL..a1, JIr,J el' ~ r" .::;...
j

8J~j .::;...8J~j 8J .f L L.I .r/ ,J .::.-~V' -:II- L)j)'; .::.-v";


)j'
,-/jJ L ,-}Ir 8J )j' l_"r)l}1 ( ..:JjJJJ' .::.-)LI,Jell Jl L)_"rJr./ ?

v! :# V'L if.i ~j 8J -: -../- .I Jv>,::;",..::/;' eI";' ~' /JIj I


j

L)l,;:v! ,-}Ir 4-'...{' -~ r/ J"') ,JJ) j (t )jl _;Y' "! 4-


..:JjJ eJ~j .::;...'::'-)J/ ,J v'v~L:#...{' )j' _"rUjl,..-o). ?,J ..:JjJ
J_"rZ J' t ...{,£:_ _"rI~ J_,t.r-. v! ,-}Ir vI ftf e'} -: U~J _"r
7 If do ~Ij) )j' --:~ ); JG" ...{I II- ,-}Ir u'_;/ J_,t.r- J'[
flj ~ '::'-)J/,J vI v~L:#..{I I')jl _"r r?" Ujl,..-o,J..:JjJ L)l,;:
-_"r_;..:JjJ

~'
i J"'} ,JJ) j (t~ uJ~ r' L.:)~,J )jJ )I.,f,,! vI
/i _L L._"r L) (j1J. Jlpi 0 L L)';' 2... L Lbt Jt.r-i "'/ J.tj
_;IV~) )jl (2.. L _s,) _;IVU;;.: '_;IV )I~i ',.;IV J:)j~ v~Lv!)
L) (jtJ, .Ii ;,(,.j )jl/iL ul,;: _i:... L_"r LIV)( e.): e.): L ~j
?,~ L)¥' jJ ..J. j ,;-' ,_;;!j tJ, L el' f i J_"r,y- f )jl LL,,!
84

-ti.. L./"i)j IIi)J v-U~v ,;-' ~ v.UV rif.'UJ1;,;: .n'


L:#
f~4...J) v'i.l ru?'~J1jo;' LJ~' c-!tjL~;~i.. v'
~v.:~ 4' L~ Ltl ~ .IJ' v.:~ 4';rf~v.:~ 4'
L'l' J,y v-j;.
';:;'J 2.... L:# .I'J£~ r. j J1.1);Su;> 1.:)'~~j t:lr
S~}~
u;1J" uJ.I}~;'~.IJ' '';; 'v~,;-'« ti.. 2.... L Ii':' JI.? .IJ't.).I'1'
_tl..L./ V ",;Vv::,yJ.I
(1)
,;-' u~ -'f- CJ1V- J1P" Su;;''''' 4' u f 'f- ~)J JI)'~
J} .IJ't; ';:;'J£./ J1 r3 ;-vL~~' UJ.I'J~.11.:)'.t1V
J ~JJ.lJ'
S(' t/ r. L~ ~ ,~:#I.d' ...(t V- ~;~ ji ~ ~.I,;r v-ut/
lu.r-/ ~, uA i J14f '::)JJ v~L if..IJ'.If C'/v.! ~ J.:;:,I
Jr.,...~ '"' v' r.1J1 L~ '"' (Uf' v' v.!' .IJ'IJ1 LV./;:I"j ;:I"j
-v! v.!
!.t; .IJ'v! JJ1 t,;.v '"' d'~S~~V~V- :# v' f~
S~ f~-"1:1.1CJ1 .Jw.' r ,-:"J '"' (r t/ ...; ,.("e./ /l L
(- '(.I S;£.1 (t'~ 'I.:),j' V- if.'" CJ1t,;,) ,J...l.. ~ '"' "'~
J~ y!J y!J e:"'!'(uA,... .IJ'J~eJJ.I '(.I SL,;.''_;;; 'Jv '..:h'
JV'~ ~\5P'l.lv?L '"r I.)!~V JuJ~.»!Lv'-'/'
e,... L ~,....IJ'vL) 'v U',....'vL~" e,... L J; I~ .IJ',...!, 'J'}
'tl..;{. Ltl L (' ( I.)!~V (Ii 1.:)'y!J "',;: .IJ'~ 'ry ',JG"
L ,-:"J JuJ~uk./j~ / ~LY.l.L_4:.. LJ1? ._;)(; ~
r/ if /.:;,V ~, I.)!~;Lv...;')/.~
f-'f- c~~;; I.)!~.I~
_;/ L)17 ~~.IJI1L u)tJ;! ..li C~ V(i~ !,!)Lv'(f.,;-) ./ ~J J}
:f- Jf v! j;~' d'!.~,J JJ~,J.;:):LJ'r.'V V-
85

~;tJ,
,
I~ v:
~.(
I) ~(,~ -(II

VI I-lf'2....L~JJ~'I-lf'(XS8~j)
10

ci; s» ( (~2_ L/ JI 1I-lf''" SJ);; L.)


JJI
.. -('..
l.l J'J
'I~'"
""""
I~.;J U, -: Iv! JJ;;

Sc))7
"

(1/ ...J);; ~ 0", ~I..PLrJ\.MJ;jf .:;...JJ/ L~" J ~J

...f ;J) v~ V) _;IJ", ,.,.y; ;Ii ~t u~ ,.,.)JI v!' IJIJ ;t


~~ 8)j J!:.IJL/ Ll,.-~) JJI (j~ ~L;tJ, J'-V,t) (/ ,
L .,...~IJ ..::.v'J)'.,...)lil J:(/ (" I) C;OJj ;JJ if....1) (~
'" s» CJ1); VI (I,J. v! 8)j ~ -I) UIJ1? til'J
~~v!J~~-I)C~/.~iJI)~ ~~~/-_L 1I'./J1/.(
L L.) ';';J~ J~_I) CJ1tilL ,;
~ L...{/. .s,~~
4 ......':1."
)JI I:T-.(} -:' """1'v/.-:' .( ;-, ~JJI )(,.
vlV/~ I)L G'; 'C/ 'J!oJ,I...
(1)_~tL( 4f
vI lie £. L)'IJ1 ~~I}I OJIP!",OJ~ JUJJIj )JI 1;J11i L ~
~ ~.,J) J1J 24 "' O)~S..J.u)I
~; LJ1 V ~.,JJ J1J 46 "' O)~S..J.u)I
~;f-I/ (14"~~O)~SJ IlJ? ';-,L ..J-L',H ~;(2)_~; .::)
:'f-Jfi Svlv!~
vI I) 4- ~ (j~ ftI)JJ-£./~YeJ~v!'V,lr L ~!.l'
~ OJ .r
2_ L .,...) _£. LJ1 £ ~!A 1ft L J1J vJ v!
~ 120 Ii£.~
y
60 "'"" 1. '! .~ t!LIJ:
.. ./' V.. C'.
L....;tI.I
.." )JI ~~,
JuiJ) ~I fl) ~~t;{ i! vt of l.:11JJI I) A ~ 60 .JJ' ~
(3)-LJ1-.J/ I;-JJ J1Jv)L~ v!oJ~
if- ~~J) IiJ J "'
(/JJ j;j J./i;/' L ulVifl (- ,_;;,.v L 41JJIbJC
J';-v!' ~I); SJI); -£. ~;Ioj v! ~l,.- -Llr
)JI d_7 urt
*. ",r.l SuJ.3 (" .:;...~J S-.JJL-v L oJ~ -I vt ~V o;~
t'llJ L ~4)_V J1(:_.,,;if~ ( ;; JJI t;{'I..P- '~ -,J!
86

?._f iyJ) 51/ L..:;_ -;:"'.,J) 7 v.. \I' JJ1;; Uk. vi v.. uJt;. S
;t) S u.v JJ \I~ 'IV 'J;tJ' 'Jj '~; 'JI,.V _LJ1
f!/' J~ J

51" jl ~ c( v! ~ ~ Yo tt~A",,;P" J!J1~ v! ",:",~I)JI JJ)IJ


e", L J~~;-~~~" JJ/r./)J' !l v! e') LJ1 V -;:"'.,J)

Cj.~ JJ 0:..:;_ JiJt;. d' /r(5)..£: J.! iyJ) .tv 16 L ..J.v.JIY"'


_i:.. L! L~ dL;f L JJ L/ J~Jt;.J JJ))!;J~)J' ~f~_.;ri~
JttJJ~ J/' J~ ,;-, L JI;~) o" ~ ~t L ..J.v.J,.,yi ",:",1)
-;:"'yJ) J.ltJ"' UJt;.)J' e: J L~J~
r 12 v.. if. S..:;_
,ft tt~" LSJl?
(6)_IJ1V

(2)
L! L~ a: (Vi' ~I) ) I_'; (Ii v.. ;;f \I' u~ L.:-V d'
,;,j'", a e", )JI i:..,f-' ?,.f..:;_ JI~ S L)J;f_';d' ~,j2 s:
)J' ?; LlI'f,.;-j ;r 'J J! UJJlj J~ S;f_'; L ,j "'.:-~ if"
L~ IJJ;f_'; d' -vt! :£ J'''' t'", eJ~l..:;_eJ~lL L;f:/ ':::;'J
":;'.Jf v! LlI)J1 \I~ v! .I'_'; fi,! J ,.f ~ ~~
)JI (.;f ~I v!
I(\I''':;_;£._, J~ tf JJ)'; d' v! )JJLSji L~ .Nt JflJ1 -I
JJ1 ..:;,V
._;i;I._f dJ \lJ d')JJ L (I lie -'f- CJ1 el'';:' ~
LlI L( ._;i;I vJ v.. J)J vJ (Ii d' )JI J J! LSJl~ )); -v!
L) vI ;:;
~ ..:;_ I(;f_'; vI L ,_;;H L ji (X _i:.. L! LIA
:~,
-J!~ ~ _L :;:;-~L (L -~J J~ .;:,I( (I"
;: v! t_ '4 ~j(;:'~?- L ~ ~ (LI..:;,jA>
e~J~
e'{)J'LS/. J~ '''';y LIJ J;tJ1 J~ v! JP. Jlj JP.'~
~JJ1b)C v.:;i
..:;,jA>e~J~~i LSJl~'~(1Yf!v!
87

U/. S.:!.I'; 'Jy"r k.!~ S'-J.l1I JtJ;;.. ~ L vV


'f-.1 ~.:!.I'; /,»> _:__ LYi £.1 " ~..o._$. JYi
l;/ uJ j~ " ,-~L -~ ~ .:!.I';~ -VI
~'P1"':'"'"
SU}'IP I.}! VI; ~'b 'f- ~J ~ '-/ b.ll '-lYJ
U}L'; -J(f: J-L'; .;v' l(. ~'}7J V IZ~ JYi U.I~
if r./' _r" I , I' " , ., ,r'
(7) if- l).1 r U:--'",_}.IJ ';'--'{;:; ":"'~ "
tt I

UJj~.I);" t".V' ~ lYi .fb.ll v..1'~ S~ c» j:~.I1.; uji


JYi J'; ._f jJ.I 12" t".L ..::.-GJ LYi? 8.I~(8)_L ~ .IJ' 1JIe-
'v..Y~ '"JJ.) v..I'.IVeJ~ L V'(8)-~ Cl. tlllu~ (~J C 'I
L ~J JYi.IJ' J'iJ 'o/""J 1t'J:f 'jPl'J:f '~.1 u!X J~~ -?'}
tJ'J Lie- ~l;,o ~ d; J ~~ I.}! "':'""'~, _i:... Lie- Ll;,o ~ (l1rl .I'';
L .I''; V' _i:... L.I~l;,o ~.::;.!~ !Y' .IJ' e~J~ d. ~~h.li .I'';
S.L 0' 'Lie- V'.I~' v ~If L Lb...{.1 ~ Jv v' tJi "t".
I.)!.I~.IJI.}! v~ ujJ.li 0' e~J~ .IJ' s: ~ J~{ ..:-~S~,.IJ' e~J~
c.J'}7J "::;J L LII .s. LYi ~..t~ U~ ujJ.li fY' 'i:... Li
-~
lYi~( 7 .IJ' .L 7 tllA-~ lYi~ .L Uh.li
c.J'} L L)il} Ui ~J 'f- ~'}7J ~ ..£ ujJ.li !~
,-y.' L)~.I~;'dv' L)~~ J~ L ..£ ..:-v-VI ;£.IJIJ{
t( JYi J U~~; ..:-V .IJ' VI S~ ..:-v ..:-V vA..,..,..
.IJ'
_
(lO)_~ ;£,J.li 1 V' -~ _
( "t".L(/ -'f- Ji_I 'Y"II! u/S~J A-I.)! ~..;; S,J
j,} jy 'U.I'J e:t' 'dI.}! if. 'JYi ff~' S..:-Ly.lS~ L/ .IJ'(
..:-GJ 'J'~ S(L'A Jv '-.I{ eJ~ L c.J'-VI J~yiJ j,} -:1/ .IJ'
tty. ...u.- ~ Ll;,o ~f./ b: (.I :S_;'J A L'J LYi JP ~ c.J'.IJ'
~..JJ/I.)! if.'(YilYi':' l.;!' ~JJ/I.}!/. Jv flYi ~ 4·~if.-'Yi
88

O~)~ L ~ -,/.J~JI;-- ~ ..:81.) _;'{IJ! ~V (Ii ~JJI Yi _;


...J~ V- (litl L ~LY'J I;)I/. Jv ~ JJIJ.J:!cI...J~
ULS 1;)1 O~)~

:,/. J'J
v~V- J. 11/.2 I;)~ I;)~~ -..f1 V- ~ ~j L O~)~

ojlJJ)" o'{J) (t r I;)~ vI _t:. £_J r;"J JJIJI;;~..:.c:1)t:-/


Jl.At;V- 1:1- '...;t!-; L ~.Jj L~~ (ft _Ii J? "(LI
-,/. JJ1 JJ1 J L)~JJI ;:Ji v.:)~
L "';;~ SUi'"
J;vd~ V- )~ JJI i:.. O)t;:..... I _Ii (r J!lb -; 1:1- -; ui?--
~ JJIi:.. t:. LJ u~JL (r L Ly i:.. LJ1 JJJ JI~
If; SLY' t)' ~Ji JJIif. it. ~;:;.; (l ; JJIJj
r J} V- I;)~ )1) (t L (LI vI -; bJC S ~)tJJ S (LI Ji JJI
~ v! ~JC If ~GJ JJ'~J~ If (V/i L/ ",I _Ii CJ1~
JiJ ';J~ V- ...JJl,.v1;)1 ! JJ1 y. Jf S '7 o.J'i
liCJ1~L:I~Jf i:..LJ1~V f ~I;-JJ
(Il)_1i CJ1~ /- V- ~tJ.~ 1;)1~ f
(3)
L.;:,; IJ} ~ ~fli J!~..:8I.)cI?- ~ ~ r LJl;f '::;'J
L jl;;1 L L .;:,; 2... L~ ",I {~ _i;_ ;£J ...JJ/' V- U#
,t·L"
vJ. / Yo""',t·L);', t·L V
vJ ./.. vJ. t·L• ~ ~,~()~T '/£., ,{..
f ",,',vJ Cfr~ _t:.
f£. .J.L1;IV-
'"

S1;)1JJI i:.. L~ ¥)I; If ~J y! J;;j r.i:.. Jf ~vL ( ",I JJI


J.
i:.. L~ £_J (jtJ. Jr JJiL _Ii C~ 1/V ~.,JJ~J!hv! (litl J l)'J~
J~ r ~/ S 1;)1JJI I";;S UJJi~ t:-/J) JJI UJ//'ui/ 'u;': r.
o,j
S J'}";; 1 'if~ Y f ~IJ i ~.;i;J.»! L vI _i;_;£J
l)'J1:/.;i;J t:-f. L u;J I} JJI ...£ J ~t 'tF,_.-,/. JJ1 jjP ,
89

(4)
jLil I~1f c." 'LYl,f-' Jr.,.. v! ,-Jr.,.. Jyl Yo
JIP eJri./.Ii'
.,
If v! I~ If vI i Ylby I If.::)JJV~L ~ ...fi~ t:I -'i- JYl uI,..-
er ~'-.I~ L Jr'.jI v!,.i0L tJ.I} ".Ii ~-Vl L~i ..:..~
2... L L~
L~ "",'j".IJ' .I1Jr.} L (' (' IIPI iu -VlL~Yl
L c." -'i- Ci" v! ~ !.I'} L.d v',f.';; L£ -v.!' LYl.l!?
c." .IJ' J!YlJIf;'v? J'_pilJ If ",:",V.lJ"~ 'uil,..-'U~J.I)IV If """j
'JIVj~ 'Jv-: s: ~(~;; L u,cJ.I lie -~ £.1 (~":".IA} L
:s: ~(~LU.fJ' -e/.J U~J.ll.5r .IJ'.l4' c.'~'.~ ,(' LI" J:..1'(-
:£ ~(~LU.flJ',~ jlK..~',~ JLJG ',~ Jp ',~JA 'J}'jy'
'.1,1 'u~ 'u~~ JI_pilJ eJ~ L vI e/.J jlf; 'tJf· '~IV/ '~'''J~
,;Lj vI V ~,;IVJ:.IJ~L c." {~_£LYl ~ ~L~ L c.'" ~/
CYl V h.l -::--",.1r' 22 " ,;IVJ:.IJ~L _Ii ~ -::--",.1 ~.1~ v!
..}.u)I~i
~IV eJI} 120 ,;IjJ.I v! LIVJ:.IJ~L j,.~~i v! ~J~i.l~-_Ii
(12)..£ LYl .I!?L

...fi )t £ L~ it. J~I ~) L L v! tJ.I!?If 1.))11'c."


JvI ,;IVJ:.IJ~~t/-.1
~",:",';A L~ JLYIP .::.2i .IJI~ "'-/ JJ
L .IL,$IL J .IJI":".IV SI.)Jj.lJ~';-, ~ -~ C/ct!'" 1q o:~
-J/ ,;" u;;". ~I _£ Lflj ..,l!J...;'II" If '-/JJ...fi".Ii'
l/~ Lil~1f "c:lJ.I.lJIJJjJj ,J.£~L~ L(l.31Jt);I
~.I!hi If ..:../J If ..}.u)I~i ",:",1) L ..}.u)IJ~I v! ~ lie _Ii C~
~ J~ 11.))1/ .IJI~V.l!? .;~ ~,:(,.,J.I 'r
JlJ '~I~ "Jj ~~ ,:(,.,J.I
(13)-V: If JJ I.)~ tJ/. '-
90

(5)
_ 15/ if~v~J£" ~'15y.J!SV~v.'-;LrV'
LJ1 JI(-Iv~ L L L u'}.J1UJ-!/ 2._ v' _Ii C~~" ejl_tl r~
"'vI J1'ifJ? s» C~Ih J~r~~vI J:.15.J~15v~ _i:..?-.J
~ J? ~v L UJ;( s: L~Lb;.J~ J jJ .JJILi. ~ (rr 15jJJ.Jj
v~ s» .JrJ -: V. FyI J"lli CJ1J~I J! r U~_,JJ} .JJ',-JPo
.s: ?:-J.f~!i ~'.f cfo";:/ --fI
(6)
(~ ~ C if ~ U~J') J1? "' UJJ~ Ji;f Po vLr L.:!' ~
~ ~.JJ/ ~ 0: v~ L if. ;;f A£~~ 'f- C.f15.JJ-'7 J~ ._f
Lv jJ.JLvI -'f- c);f v! tf J r'.Ji ':;;'J ~I 'f- Ci ~ DJ~j
L/ J/.::.(..Ji.SJ_tj -:f'f- Ji ~v.f J1t'J ~~ -:~ ~tJ.?"
~'.J I:!J..JJ.JI._;,i ",:,'; L ~ lie s: L.f ?/SL~ .J'/ J}
~i~--fI fli ~ r I:!' i:.. ?-.J ..JJ/'"v. -? J"J .JJI~/ J ~
~t ':;;'J J~.JJIi:.. ?-.JL~ v.~ '-/ JJ~ ~ ~I .JJ'i~ '-/JJ
~ 15}i JIP ~(14)_i;_ L.JI;f u! u#.JJI u~Ij SUJ.J;~ 'L'(
'I.5)1J2 _i;_ L.J,;f J_tj ..Jr 4-._f (~~ r:
Po Ii r UJ1~J~
v jJ.J';-' Lu_';I i:.. .JI-t"'" l3JI~ L .J~.JJPo ~ L.J~ I:!v-IJ
. :'f-/~L/v'~S~lI?"L
r
J:. 1.5/~J 'J...J; J v.JJ ':;;'J 'i:.. LJ1 6 "':'~, 4-:- 9"
.JJ'/ ~ '/. -! JJ1 ~!;/. JPI SUrJJ 4-:- 11_1i c;f
.JJI" JJ1I.5AY15UJj,f 4:- ~;/ (~-! J~Y-~~
15j~-;f~"t? JPI S,r-yo p! L ",:,r tf J/. S.Jlj~
r
(lstli CJ1 .J...l.. -: 4-:-11" JJ1
91

IJf v!Ji L d' s: ~ L ~'.1 L ...J~ Yo 'J- .:.c.' -?'.1 L ~tJ},J;!


...Jtt:..,.
,
,jP ,J,j Jr _Ii CJ1~;)~.IJC-~; C L)~ L d'"
(In/' J,j.l ?-.I?1,p ':::;J fi J,~ ,-:"V v! ~
(X _i:...
cCIi~...f ~vJI ,::).1 _w... -: )J',J J'I.I

Lly

40-31 V: tJ},J;! -1
81-46 v (JJ' ,."v): 4JJJ' C.lC-2
96-95V(~)J.)f~ ;!:/.I/ (-I'~-3
6-5-3 V «(r' ,."v) 4JJJ' b.lC -4
259 V (JJ' ,."v) "~, -5
274 V «('"r: ,."v) "~'-6
48-46 : j r (X -7
52-50 V :"~,-8
53-52V: "~, -9
45 V :"~, -10
397-393:V «(.IL;,."v) 4JJJ' b.lC -11
248-247 V (n)J1iJ;(~: J~d.)'.r.? -12
1V «(r' ,."v) 41JJ'b.lC
123 V :"~,-13
122 V :"~,-14
52-51" : tJ},J;! -15
92

JlJ )J' j,~ JLi' e)'J' ((;;j v.. ,.;L;J,..z:, L.::,,;; )JJ ,.JV
L I:I~Jk,J. )Ij/.I),:.o':;,-',,;/ ,.;L U.,.:'':;_JA Sj.-~
~
S J- ~ v.:~JJ» S J- 0;' Lfe If 1ui~ '-/JJ
-" 1J'.11r-L t))/ Sv' )J' '.t1)/ If V'J' ((;;j (j.11r- L t))/
'I)( ?J (' 'J.t1f'..z:, SuiJGt!-1/ .t1 ,-I' ,-I' If (lSi ~k-- (
t))/ SJ-,.JV J(' ',-./.' " uJJ~ Ji u/,J:I )J' J$ t))(;JA
uP )J' Ui);) 'U~ 'U~ ,.;1; -v:.f(v.::,,;; e~ flJ, e..(G.:;_
0;' L A"~·;J ~') /i 2_ L;£) )Ij/.I t)J,;i 0;' ~2_ L ~~.:;_
fl/iJ~J'= 2... L Lf'){ ~!'j' L (;;j t)Jf (.;J) ~ (;;j e~
(;;j.:;_ v'» J"IP If J;e e: v' )J' L! S)L":"'_f" ui~t)>>/

~.~ ,.;1; -" ')j ~J . (JIP


.:;_
y.U ~)~. ':IP
'-'d _'v... e: ,-)j".~1P'j'
L
(1)-1/.t1";~ v.. L_f 1;)/ ':;_)/)J' 1)/A11J?_1/.t1tP. v!
-~ )JJ ( U?;Ir- )J' uP. 'UY.V)~~ SfY" )JJ tJ}i ( >."'"
"'~L c,lJLi -~~ ( i~1r )J' .::}JJJ;' /r-' /i v.. ~1I1P c,I'
J.j J;'.r-' )plJ? If J/-~ til OJ ":"'Y"' J JL )J' J'~! S1:1' v.. u,...~
.r-'/i 2... v' -~ ~f _.:.!" .::}JJS.r-')/.:;_:;.-,,,
.....
.v! L"::;IJ?
>. 2... J' -~ ~ (;;j .:;_ e~ 2... L ~IP SJ'~! )J' 1:I'.t1; :;.-'
j.";jJ.1 u!.f )(;JAr./. ~j SUJ)./.! )J' UJ)~ U¢" >.
-/. Jfr~
93

(1)
j J~ t.i' ~ J~...1~; ~Ij Jt.!':;;'J L Jj! v! l;)
.11(2)_" o:Jj! v! (;,j U'
., / uiLY -?'.J Jk .JJ' / U~Jk/-' cJLY
"C.Y1 ~ (j ~~ '~~ ~'j ~ ,:r r do i:L"rt ~J.J:II.)! (;,j
v! UJj~ L LV cJ' ~ -U:r...f ~ ..d '~~'.J 'n)'.J '~~ 4
J.fl.Y1Ju}LY ~Y'
(3)4

e: L (;,j 15.J{If' ~ .JJI" C.Y1t.i' (!lVI r.tJ- ~ v! (;,j J'~


-" C~jJly ( JJ J~;~Ij v! vI J'£" (;,IJ.J( L~ til>.~
~.f LJ},j cJLv (LII';-,.JJI" C~J} tll~'Oi~.11 ~ ~J vI
~(4)_I (f Zfi J~.JJ/ UI.;:" C~.J'j~ ~ .afV L (;,jfi -"
':l p.1.)! do .s: L~~ J~ J,J L ('.11 I.)! v' i J~", r«
(;,j
(;,j....;/ ~ ~ -?J Jif.'e)JI'JV .JJ';'; '''-J~ ,t (-
'J15;~
(5)-J~*.,j h;i Jr'f. .J.J~'~I.J: I)!
1.)'1; -" C.Y1if!cJ'.t1; '.Ii r cJ' .afv L UJ.J'.v .JJ' OIL.- v! (;,j
., y

'~.JJ~ I.)! do " ~.f L (:;j ~ ,f ct;JJ, .afv ~, .J'.v ~ .JJb


L.Y1 Jj! v! (:;j J.j P.(6)_4: L~ J~e)J J .JJ' 15;.JJ'Jt ',,/-V
"'~ .JJ'Ub.JJ ~ -?J If' -" C~ t.f r~ r'
J} v.:,
.JJ' '1/ l;;' i:
v.:
i ~C~~ tl,.;. '1/r J.j I.)!...G. )1(7)-1 J~ .::.:;kf' J/I.)!
eJ~;~ "':"'"/.J 'Y' I.)! ...G. i.. vI -" C~ ~.f "";}.I..f/. .J~ ~I
>. ,f ~IP ~I ;; c[,v! ~ ~I eJ ~ .JJI" J~,f ,,-1/ ~, J
O'~ -" C-ti J} .J~ ';-'",.J} 15JI/' O'~ Ji(8)-~ C~ ~.J~) L
iG
L q ~J,f if.4: L.f kf t~ J~v.. (:;j J)J/ ~/-'vI
f (;)1P..d -" J~~'J~ JL ~, v.. ':;'.J~ v' J,[ J' jyZ
v' Ji t.Jy<~ -?J J.:;,; ~ vI j Jy. ~~r I.)! 4:-lP L tJi\:> ~
. 4-' u: UIJ. L/ 0'?-' U-'k--(9)_Ly.J&'VI.)! [;;10('
.I'y' is; ~ .;:.....;
94

)i JJ.lg;I ..:,,;;tJ.,f~0 ",(.lJI ,f ?i J_j ~I L ur. ,,-/.'


v..1.)< j~
.lL...:,.,} L 1.1' -: j C./~I;/. ~ ..:,,;;tJ.~, I;)Y I(~1.1
(lO)_~J./t,V
?-.I ~UI. ~ (:;j I.)<~ y,~ -i'J,f LYi _;~y eI.r,f ..:,,;;tJ.
~ vl(1l)_e:. LJlYiJYo~ .lIJ-+!'~.::.....: L L? >.,f 1;)1 .lJ' £
~,J tP.::)f,p J/tr J Jtr J ok--,f I;)~JPz':::;'J 1.1' f 'f- CYie;I.t'
L J. e:. L Yi ey uj( L uj( ~ -i'J ,f .lL ";'Y .lJ' J..I! J ....G.
,..f£ ,J J~J ..:,,;;tJ.jl.--i ~I)!{:;j~,,J UJJ'~ (:;j,f uJ.I(;JA
-,J JYi ~ ':;".I¥' S~; 15"~ ~ 2... L ..:,,;;tJ.v'
(2)
JJA"j2 ~ ~J J/. U'~ eJ~;~ eJ~;I)! (:;j~, J~.lJ'~'fi
tJ! fyl eJ -~ cC "-J ~ elf ~ Uk.~/1;)' eJ~ -?J,f J..i ~'.lj
el·/ ji .s: LJ v.! 'J' e'lu.l{ /e~ ~' e. LYi J I.--Jv; L do
':::;'Jfi / ?>. ,f 1.1'.1'J-+!' J) tb j ~ ..:,,;; tJ.J/v- ':;".lY",f a_;
I)!':;".lY"1.1' f ,J J~15J _; J!2... 1.1' e't- 15).~ ~f _e:.?-.I Jr.Y'
,f ~~'J.I -: I)!I;)~JPz 2... 1.1' -~~ ~ _; .lJ' vi'./j~ ~;tJ.-:
IPG ./ ~{ ~ ~, .J. L~ UJ_;e,l ~ uk.; ~ / uy'!j f ,J
..JrJ, (Wi -v!' J~15J~ J~vi vi I.l!."- -:.:;.,6"J' J"1-L~
"f~ cJ).;.:;.,~ 1.1' ~ r'::""': I)!.:;.,tJ.trdill' YoJ' ~ e~ ..pi
, I(.:..IP.If J':::;'J' 1.1dJL ~ ;~iL~; f .::....1'
'::""':::;'J , I( I.,,;

v.! ..... ~eJ~; ~ eL,.:fJJ I.l!.,:l ,fe~


(12)'\1.1 j "-~

"i)j "i)J ~ ~~ S(;,j f ~-1-. -: I( ~'J.I v' S':-J _; e"-


~J':::;'Jvf'/:(f.l'J/ v.,fl...J(;,j.lJ',J JI.lJYiJ'.li .....~
)1; S.:;.,~
I)!~IY -"-J "-J _;e,t" 15.1{ eJ f J ~-£ ;£.1 I)!
95

v! _;L; L e~..;'1 Ii C~~~,,";"i (JL.f ~ f V' s» .IrJ ~-:


t,;V t.t1J'I J V- uvf L fyl J'J/.; L U,)I i J _;e"/ f uYlj ~
~Jj V- )j~ .IJIi:.. L~ L.f t)1,-I u C10 V!' cJL~,j y. .IJI~.f
V!;r J'_;} .I; 1)'1 V- fyl L J'J" 1)'1 s: L.fl):/ '- 1)'1 c:
L J"~ til JJI~ j""; r.;£ cJL~Jj~ ,j V- U}~ L U,)I f ~
v:-
ui,J (j elf ...f ~/ ~ ~I ~fc) L LII V- ufJ.
s:
c,j .IJI L~ k:.f '-J ntl'/' ,,~IYL.:-~ ~Ii!JJIs: ~.f ':-J~
~.::JLz JIJ':-J
tJ'J fli jrJ -: _i;_ ~J.f Jr. ~ til" UJ).v L
j~".::JLz JIJ':-J tl'J ~J '-/JJ L c,j jJI,J JIIIf.! £J}
j I} J Jdj f UJj'.v c,j i L~ 41~ ~.:-~ kli!~13)_i:.. Lt)1 v!
1.1' i LL.:-~ kli!L c,j '- ul; ~J~ -:-'} /-, f j? ',J J./~
" 1)'1 L UJj~ fl J"1)'1-~~ ~e" UJ.JNJ
jrJ ~ V- fl_v.1 L
L .:-~ J' It' L V- jf _Llj j~ '-;(
e~J~ L 1)'1 JJI~ Ji. ).
~I JLt !jJ f V- f1755 JIP ':-j~ li(14)_.e:: IJI.:-~ kli!.f~ jt)
-VJ;' J L vI L.t1L.f ~ .::.-~~Ii!L c,j -Jf ~ .J"~ L
u.,! S~ J~,-I L.t1 uk't jJI U~ '- (.7 v-.::.-JIP 7J. (- 4f-1
~J

( Jf ~ Ii Cf ~ e,;' d? ~L.f J~J elf Ic,j(15)_~ V-


L L.f J} f uYlj':::;JI)'1_1i C.t1'_;}~J;'"f k,J J.t1J;j)
J .:-L~I V!' ..A v! J~S 1)1iJJ.lf J.t1J'~ S cJl._;/ _; i..
_Ii C~ Ijl} If'- ~Llji
jl.v r cJI~ L.t1y~r~ ;:: t',;'
4' i..L uYlj dt
-:-yl J JL r vl.::/; jJI C~.t1
JIJ; ~'1)'1 ~ 'C~.t1,J~'C~/ ..:t,1
i.. 1)'1 -Jf j ~ ~ Jk'~J Selt- ,f-I v! .:-ulPcJI'Ii..f 1z?'
S,/' J;!. ...f ':::;J1)'1 j /-,J? ,.f ,.f L.t1~~ "' l)P;,;' 4'
~I ~ ; j/~ -:-f" -U.t1_;'J''::'-~ kli!L cJl...f ~ ~J _; .:-;~I
96

',J J~elj" J'eL-f~~J'c,jiY..(~I~~.I? t:::..-(tLp.d P-


I\LI,;,o J.!J SV'/( jl' v LJ1,f- JJ t:::..-' ...f cJJJJ L (.)";1 2.... V'

(16)-o'JI elj" J(:) fJ~t:::..-,.;.I7';-, ="'orJ.I.IiJ,:iL~


..;..i 1~~I J JL L .I1y" ';-, ,=,j f,J JflJ11f = '::'-.Iy1..(1
J/lfr ~jJJ,o (.)J']jcJI I!Cl,.;.J;,f-I s» LJ1IfL:!Iyr -!J!.
V' -if J~oJfr jlp- ~ If .:i)J ~ ~jJJ, J cJI -~ ,f- ;;;
o u,,;!j e~ ..:,..-'!;/. ''''';JIr ,.;..IJIJ' (f ell"i ,.;.,fl I.)! JIP '::'-.Iy1
= _L~ VJ~I ...JiIP LI 1u,; '-/ JJ L ,=,j 'I.)! ~. L '::'-JG-!
...J) J~I !,/.1 '-/ JJ ~ J:...:)I, J JLv J y" I:- J) e~ "";)..1.
L (.)y'!j cJI i vi(.)V..l. O,=,j L ,JJAJI....vI ~I;"e 'Lf ~P-.1

-J e~ v;L (.)1; .;i


'::'-~Jlyr,f-I f t:;- cC ~ ~~ t:::..- V' ejl.t' r ..:)1, JIr r (.)y'!j
I( elj" f~ L~Ve~J = .IJ',J J~JJ ~;JJ, {LIJ' L .:i)J JJ ....;/
r5
S.l~~~ Lj Z;-, L e~J~ I.)! 4IJJ'lie '(LIr VI.)!~ ~~
~--:! ,J~ ..(I.lJ' ~.1 / u}tY- i 0J/. ,=,j 2.. ';-, fA t:::..- ..:.JJ~
1
=.....;/ J:. J,.L.. L olj" ,J JIJ.J.JI~I /./.1 (.)JJ.h1.IJ' ~ Cl r JIJ
OJI .I~ ';f If" v' J J:...:.:i)JvI L UJ1y. .::.-1I1P~ f~ '~J
J"::"~ t:::..- ,.;.L; L ,JJ.AJI vI v: J~rJ!(17)_~r J:. ~ jJJ,,,.I} l.5.1j

elf t:::..- iJiv ({ v.?: '1~ ,=,j 2_ L ~IP Su}'7 .I1'.;:,lJ/


r5 ; VvIII( J' V- -!Ibt' L "j" L u';1fi .J~ J1.J ,f-
~(' ()'(I8)...~fJ!...J)'/. ,f' v! (.? 4.1''/ OJ 4-J i e"- L ~L"

1.;Jf.b L ~'.1 ~ f f- Cl V-.I~ ..:,..-'~.1tf cJ~J.h1 ~p. ~'J....(,


J'-J VJ" oJ/) 01.1' Di?'.lP. u; OJ";' olj" ./e~'-t' L (:).IP
.n' J..I. '-;( J,I L c/,p fi ,J -vf k. ~ tlJ'l( 4.1' .n' ~ ~
(l9)-~J.f"""9· ..I.IDj ",,';-v .n' OfJIelt" 0 cJl f ® .::.-f.l!)
97

.~" ",...J, ~I; .JJ' ;.I.I.lIJ~.J J ,yl)",j -= ~ r


~ J2 s: Lf V G.lJ~"' ~';''Y!'-t' f ';v".l .IJIJ..r O'J '--11
1:1- ,.J~I...vr L .JJ' -Lf J J.::.dj rr Jly ( ':--J _,f If uJ']i
~J"; a," )"1) c~
Ifu!~ft. L 1:1- JJI £.I? .:i L -J!t" L
~ eJ j J/~ _,t" '" cJI_~ JcJI~ «,.JJJJI...vr~J ",I 'v,..;
J!~J:. ..;1.; L cJ' ~J.:r-J) '" Il;) J:. (.7. vI .IJ'L~ Jf J".It.
-J' (j _,f' J~ vJ ~.Jr Lif: L ~ _.I~( uJ']i fl) .IrJ VI)
-~ J~I O.lV'
"' -!IY L
"I
L v' ..4 ,j if c.t! -If _;; c.t!' U!"' v'
_,t" 1'(20)..£ L~ 4-J J~L 4.C'--,",.IJI~;(
I) JrJU! ~ (cJI(21)"£ Lf~ Illf • .t~'" "",j ~I ,.JJAlI...vf
}i .IJIs: ~J Iii ud -JtJ;L cJIj £ Lf ~ _,f' {!}i f
(22)..£ ~Jf L.J f ulb j 2!L d.

;'.t' ~J u~L OJ~r/.i"!' .IJ''Jy;:;i (.1';.:.-1" VI J' uJ']i


/ :'-ft. 2{'JY : ~ r;L u!

or I,)ei ~ ~~ (Ii A r _If If,.!' ~ LJ- oj) fi L ,;,/


or I,)~ L ;2. /{ j V:./ r.? )1; If ..;IJJ.J, I,)! l..v ~ '-.1:1
or I,;)V If L j /. " .t1 v: I,)J_.i ;;v: I,)Jj,.. t.t! j II» r..t1.:.:~
or Uy .:;..jij or ~II;; L ~~ f ..J!t' I '-} j or tJ'
If> .:;..

or cJt,..V J ~~.L A ,f JI? ..;h .Jr! J,., j ;; e. ~ ~J

or I,)~ .:;.. ~ v' ~ A r _'I ~ ~ sf. -~ ~ .:;.. ~.1 v'


+~;:;i '" l/ 4.1' '-- l5J~r/.i~
I,)ei orr ~ ...;(~ L 1,;)' .r ,-..Ai' I,)l:-.IJ' JJ.k. L l,)-t1r J. or
I,)~ L /. ..Y~ r ojJ.I Lt' .Ir~ I,)V ~ L Ja j JL .k. L o.tr
.k. ;fy '-J~ ~ ~A v: cJ' L 1.).1
v.A v: J.Yy L I 4 JJ' 5 ~ ~ JJ le/) L ~ ,;-'':,/ Yo
98

r../- ~ JJJ .:.....~L ...f J! ~ ~ J L ':""'J JIV ~;; ,....1 Ii. ? ~

k. jlJ 4. 'J 1.;)1 ~ vI A


L J,,-
L_ ; ~ ~ L_ ,j J? L ~ +L_'I'_/ L~ ,.;s: I.)~ I)~ ~
LJ.J:JJut~L'JLIJJ..:.....;,I~ L_ ;: J'.1' L ~ ~. j~
k..ll1 v.r ":,,,'? 1 1.;)1 h{ 1.;)1 A
~, t'J 1 .:.....;,1 ,.; ~,v,Ij'y .iJj c: ,.;L; Cf.>J ( J'
~,.. ,I,.... LA
..

'f- t{J ~ A ~ k. JIJJ .:.....J~ 'f- til ,.; ~ ,.; 'f- ~ t ,1:/
k..J~ ~ L LA ":,,,I) jJ rs .

(3)
s,I t]t.J.JJ/~I ~,_t!I,j2 !If,_t! i erilr;;j
.JL..!.,I
d '-t' .:..iJI J"1 ,J. _( L~ J~ JL J( ,_t!1 " ~ e,,... L
vI ~ "(~ L./. .1 L~ J,,-.! ..!-; 1ft 0' ';-, ~..»! L
I(- J~Yo ~ vI e; ~ ( cJ' L [;,j ,J 0' cJ' i J,r d I..JJJ'
8J

2..JJ'J./.I'" o.Jj .»! L d


- ., y
fl) .1;'0)...,
-,.
$C?., _~ _;-.r L uy)J
t,r JiL .I;' V' v. ;L ..!-,Ir;;j J~JPi 2_ V' L~ ,r _;~ v. L,I
( cJl; if ~ ~.1 ~J.!eJ'IJ I>..!..!-yf ..!-Iv. uP f!
...;.!} If v' v. u) ~ "':"Y" JL '.II,..-( V' i',r ,J v. _ftJ L el?1
J

If .:..tL'" L (' v' ':-J ~tJ Ir;;j 0(0( ~..!-IL r;;j If el?J~
2... L
tf._( ,r JL ( 0-' 8J '( L ..!-; Yo.»! L d If f ~L~ £. . c!J
_( e~ J! ,f..JJ'vJj 'i~
JL J~ 8J~ L f~ o..v.;~~ ~J ~

.1) C,r((?..!-,I Iu~ .JJ'U~ .»! L t fl) C,rIf~'


.JJ'ui.Jl.1 L.! ,_t! (.I ,,':".11 ~ 1/ 0) v'J) "U;;,...~,
2_ L J,; L V'~I~JJ J JL't.!,JI UJJ/ t~L.I;( I uH
(r;;j.»! L d u!...$. d'_; _I) .JrJ r" '" ~ J ';.' fun
I) C,r.J~ r.:..,... yi I) C,r ;.-'.1' ~ y, .n' v~ ..::..l J:: Yo .J'J/
. _I) C~~J.! ,J"'.Jj)l;,J v~ )J' y,<;...' J,[
99

u;l" Cf} f u~ J u~tv.. ~..Ij i' J!'"'( ,fv-:j If ~


Li J,z JI,.:.'} "'"':"Y'fJ J~L cJfIf'uj jJf J~Ji 'JlJy' f
J' L~ J { jJf .;:.;:1 o.,ff rb /ti L ...6.JJ~i J' u~t2... Vf Ji:' Z
~f fl ~fJ Po L ...6. jJf i:.. L~ ~ ...t UJJ~ jJf ufo. }I;
v...::/. j 2... Vf _LfJ~i f u;l'cJf'J jJf L~ f uJ,-7.f
jJf C)
uiLfi jllJ. ,) m} d ~f,j -?J if.. 'J,z ~ f~ .:AlP t!
~ O'~ DJj} d L ~ ~ J'~ J; -If U;~ L U}fJ L)~tjJf
/- (f/- _i.. .;.,}L U}fJ u~t"':"Y" J J~JJI ,-J,(L cJfi LlIJ.
uA s: Ljf a: ~fj if- L,z 't L
LJj (O'~) f iJ12!!
UJj!ii": ..

(23ti:.. z.r .IcJ~v r.;:.;/.


2... L
,..f£,f JJ:...t d t VI; J!f fl,z ~ fIt::- -?J J' j~';"}

t jJf ~Jf ...v Dj~JJL C) DJj} d jJf L,z...JJ/'" v.. j~';"} tJ.j
"
-O-""':"~
,j J,z t::- (Vif '-Z U~Ji li C~ Vi f L)~ '-Z ~
j~ .;.,}

,....
III L ~ ~II"J"~J ~ {fuj t::- fyf jJf Ur.-_1.' Y' L)JjD,z!r:L.tor
UY''' vi

6~jufkJ'-J",R fuji L!iye~f~Lj" ~Ij~?-


kJ f t~cJ1l "' vf Lifo L L} f! .;:.;i Jf j"1(24)-tJ.}' t::-f L f
c) ~ li c~V'J~J If'uj t::- I;JfA k i:.. ~J Jj JJ i kYo _li c~
J~i ..d. _li c~~}f uJ)j~L! t::- j} VI; i if.~ v.. L} fJ
J'J~-J'Lft fJ~/ ,.$ (0 i Po L d J'ulVJzJ~ ~ fv-~}
L ~JJ J J~_~ 2.... fJ/f...f ,-if L cJf.,ijJ ~ Jw J'L)/}-!
_~ Lfi Iff ujjl tJ.i.J"v.a1v
t::- u,2J D.i J'uy'!j jJf u~ ,.;1;", j} 0,,( .::/.j J' cJ~J~
-J,zJ~.I. ~j}ul..[u;~Lu;JJ J'JJ~JJ)Jf J,z./V"
100

(4)
U.lIJ6J U.l1.--~ 4.112...v' / J.t1 ()!J, ~ vi.l 1/-11)" {:;; ..J'_;;
.t1,J ~CirJilt .I'.v }i C)1.lJJL -..6..J' v'
J.t1 JJ.JI...f .::.,Ij ~
,:,(:;;~ Jp.".)' ~).v -" Cir.t11)l.2v L v' J!;..j rJIY jCIr
L.I '.v '~ J.t1~ yi 2... 4.1'-/ Jy ,:,.lJI/ J)~C)I~ j
f 1'-" ~J v' U.lIJGJ ~ -: -J.!J~~ d '-" L.t1 "-f~I
~ ,f-'1_(,Jf ,.I AJ6J U AfV L if. v If.! 1.:11,.I'J' JI~ v~
"d12... 4.1'" U,.t1"/' r.; J~J/'-" ~Ir ~ I.)J.I'J'L ~~ .lJI
~ r,;; J~",.I} ifJ v.!1 P. / Jlli/ r" 2... L C)1.::.,lj~ vi.l .lJ'

2... L c)' j LA u'Jij ~ JIP" ~ ~jLL J) =~


-"U
2... v'
.lJ' C)ut '¥ 'J.,J.I 'J;-/ -r ...1J.t1 ~ .JJ ~ ~ J ~..z I)"
.I; Yo .lJI s: Lir ,-r J~ v! Cii ,.f C)~ ~ J;;-Zs'.f J ,..,..
.::.,¥-'.I
L C)' ".I"; rttJ~ ._Ii" IJ / ~ J;>/\' ui'J6J ~/-; v' If.!I
.

4.1' = cJ: (j!J, v.!' p...4'/ ,; (if J1~~ ~ C)~ .liJ;;-Z-.b;;


~ ~ 4.1'-/ J.t1 ~ J~~J OZ '-,..,..~;; L C)I LY)t; ~
" ~ ~)!J, ~udlj ~ "ko' -: 'f- ~ oJ/( [-11./.' ~j J~.I?
~ui1/ '-" uk)! 't/.t1 (J!J, r C)t; J (lSi L ~ J~r.I.It?-: V!.»!
~~ ~ U?-V -~~; v! )'..t' ~.li ,:,t; ~j r c)' .lJI vt i..I- .::..-")!J,
r ,:,1;~i )--/-:v!....5.1i/i ,.f~ j~'t;)..Ju; L ..::.v--1.1~ -: '-"
/ f J) ,:, ~C ,.f uj; .IJ' ',-r )v./ -: Po L d ,.f u?-v_ti {:;.I't'
(25)-V

(5)
)1; ~ ('7 ok-- ~, L U,)I )JI Lr v! C)c;..JP. ~./t~
101

J~-J11 ~~~ eJ~j ~ ei I.)!..u.- VI ~IJi; J/. JL)J!)


')
_Lf I.)! ~jLJ. J:t_/I Jy.)J Jy. Ji ~ --?JJ J)(jJA )JI JIP ~
~j J~J.t1 L L)';I f I J!-:--?J~ If":"~~
I.)! c,t~J.t1 IfL)J:t)i
~Jj ~ J' If" Y. JjlJ~J J~j )JI ~/I~ ":,,J91~ I.)! ~j J
L)y'!j -~)Ij Itt,J'f' (/- 'JIJI~;J/ ~J)IJ~J Lifo L vI I J11
Ifc,tl.1)1 I JJ'IJI ~ Jc,tlIIlJ ,If 1f.!1 y.lv IJIu J{ 2_ L
~ )~L( ~ J?- :t.f'If"J)IJ~J J'c,tl 2_ vI -I Jf bA1 r ~jLJ. .
i k"')L )~L( fl11If.! '-:1' I.)! ~j :t_ft 2_ vI -I ~ J{ ~ ~
JJ' ...s. 2_ L IJI~ .J. If.! 2_ L Jj ~ ,,:,,1 ~j -JJIiI. ~j
I)

I~1J~ L vI L11 L/ P .:::-.?I J) J~J.t1 ~ L cI" -I


-7- Vc,tk:':::-~ vI
(JP IL)y,..JJLvI i 7- L11I.)! ~jLJ. JJ{ JI~
L11Jv vI )JI ,J!_~ Jk.~,Ii· JvI IUi~ f 7- L11
U

L/-' J~Jk If" J/}i -~ tfJ~I ~ '70~ ,r/ f7-


,I'" J vI f 7- L11( IL)rJJ L vI i 7- L/ ~jLJ. L)~
Ift) If" )'l L)}V J)J{ J' c,tl.tlrL vI U )JI 'f- I.)! If-,?
J~~1J1P c,tJ~ .t~ fl.)! ~I vI ....;/ -IA L/ L ~J.-
(26)-L[~

LIp
147 V:)~)JJJr.J'LJtr~'~-1
-2
Bidwell, S. . ·:Swords for Hire London. 1971. P.12S.
125 V :"~I -3

131-125"" : "~I -4
102

-5
l>\tbpis, AJ. :Hindu Manners, Customs and
Ceremonies oxford 1959. P.679.
679 v:"~, -6

144V )~)J J'J b" .J L j~(~ol?-7


676 - V :L~JJ -8

1957J'J (~; JJ)') J; ,,;,i S/- :/- If /--9


171-169 V
368v:~ -10
675 v: L~JJ-11

173- V - ~J~i ).J:!' ..::.v"~) b)C -12


Molcohl'J,Sir)J.:A memoir of Central India I, Shannon,-13
1972. P.265. '

«('~ -c!J'j ..!.o-:!') l)il? .R' b)C -14


J

«('~ -c!J'j J ..!.o-:!') ......~ ~/.:.14:/...J!i;; -15116-115v


240-238v
-16
Gupta. H.R. :Later Mughal History of the Punjab.
Lahore, 1976. P.1l3.
404v«()~~).Qm'b)C -17
136-135 V ((y ~): "~, -18
f1962 ~f/(~; JJ;f) tJ).J:!' d~: jlJ J ~ /--19
52-51 v
113v«(y ~)40JJ'b)C -20
122-121V :"~'-21
358-357 V :"~' -22

135:/- If/- -23


103

, 2161.11:( L-24
290-276-2751.1: ~ J~i.lJ:? ..::,..-'~.I b.lC -25
217- 1.1 :,)" -26
104

L J' J.J -J~ LrliiL.J 'i-'...f! o.J'~v! ~ .J oj;


u! ...f! ,f u/} L ifr~ .JJ' (J/ L.J 'i-' -:-JJf ,~"' n"
up.V .I} JYUJAt!'tj y. '" I/V"JJ ~ .:;...Ui1j ,f eJ' ~ J;
t!;-.J.;:j L eJ' .:;...do .JJ' i;. LJf Dy U;~L uJ;:.J( L .::,,;,.JJ'
((i;'.:;... '-;~ ",.I} L J'J.J J;~, 'i;. t! 2... ~ ~'.Jj (Ii L
. _t! cf. '-.1'2... L L.J':/ L J;:j,feJ';:1r 'i-' .JJ'? .
.JJ'" .JJ/ j'J; ...fi-JiJVL '-;~ J~I .JJ'(" ...fi...f!-:
J~J ~~ J u-~ .:;..."j'):./4 JJf ,~ v! 4· L urllt' ):,f v'
L u';' .JJ'~ ~ ..:o'Lz ~ ,f U.,).~ f ...f! v' LeJ'_;;; .JJ' tt'
.,s~-: 4·( v' .J.-~ .I.JJJ "- ('I fJ} Y..:."y JJ JJ: f ~j J_"::'
L ~j -J~ L UJ.J'J' L.::,,;'L v~'L bii (.Ii v! '-;~
'Jf/ J{ ~, •.tGu~j.:;... ~ v' p.l~;t.lJCi"", eJ' Llf
(

.JJI if J~' 2... ,;-' / -J; L r" .JJI'-"':'-~.JJ~~ L vI f


v! .::,,;,,f C)I-J/ eJ fifuLi ".:,.~ vI ",.I} J1j /(1' L eJ~J~
, -4.11 ~.J':/ J;:j,f C)L'J cr'

(lr
.JJ' 4.11 L~ L~~GtC;, v! <' ~J,f O.J'~ JjjJ
if" J,,:,,'
.I",
L tt",. if.u- ,~" lie \''T-I/ ~, ,f v' f 'T- ~ Jf,f-' ~ -:"'
.JL..:."y ((( eJ' .JJ' i;. 2;.v! ~ oj; L ~j -: J;; ~ ~ 4.11 I)
105

"'f- ~ '- ttA~"Ji;I ~ f 'f- C~tf,j ~k"~(t ~r cJIz: VI IiCJf


~ tt~IJL~JL ~)L ~l' tI- tt~IJL~"JP' ".Ii" )JI ttcJlI" t?" tt~
t'J J'. cJ~)J L <,):) ~ )J' )~~/. Yot(A~~" Ji;I~ f 'f- J~,j
cJ!<l)-l J~j J'. J~ Ifl ~jI ,J Ui)I~ ..f,[ -'7- Jjj '- v' .:_
Ji ,-:,y (t ~~cJIs:Ltc () ~ IJi;IV'L tJ) I~ cJlV(J L ,-I
JtiI~Yo'; cJ~JJJ'J LJ ~Jj ,-:,y Ji ~..f i'Jf)? '- -?J,J
(2)..£?-.1 '-~"
,J J, -i'J ,J V' )JI 'f- JJf '- ~ "N.' ,J Ui)~ v! b)C'
UJ-~ )JI "":,,j ...LJ' ~ v!tJV L/./'7 -~ '-?: L ur~.1 cJ~
~ J'. b)L(3)_~ LJ'Jf.a1'I,..- L UJ-~ ~ i V:Jf vfo. cJ~)J L
(4)_" LIP')~.::....
• , (t L ttLt..
t'" Yo':_ C1o.v-'" ,1689 (H'· V,.
.,,., L'A~

(2)
if #L L l:) )1-/ )J' ~ LJ'Jf (jIJ. J)). tJ.I'~ J'. ,'N.'
~ ~cJI':')J IiC~J~ ;;'- (t L tttJ...v.j''' .IJ'~ LJ ..r.'
k..
LIP.,,1.1'1 ~'Jv! uj ~ ~, ,..,..,~I / ....i1V L -A ""
.. IiCJIJf v-
. '" )L~.Y
,JcJ'A J'. ,:,Lj L -A ~ LJ') 'JLJ tJj~ (jiJ'. d" ,:,Lj .IJ'~
'- if.v.:J)L~.YJ~ J'. J~ L c/J ~)t ..t~,J ~IP ~LN
Lv' )J' Lf,j I c/JI l:)),-/)J' L~ JJ v!li J~} J'. c/J
-JfJI,..-i v!LJ ,.
~/uj~
'-/.; ~ ,J -if tJ)'~ L uJ..; If~ JIJ L.Jf J'. cJ~~
~ L cJ' L~ £.. £.. )J' ~z JJ)P,J J- tJiU,/. ~ LIJ ~'J'
j~ ~_t!~ LJf /( ;J) 4- J) J ()i~ L ur~ i LJf ~,; ti v!
k..:A )JI t! ~ L.Jf J~J'. e L ui)'~J'. J~ JwO'~ /(
if,:, )JI,J d L L..::.v-~ if j,:, Yo,f c/o ~ J) ~I -f' tJ)'~
106

~ C" e7- J li./ V~L if.J' /1 jj.J 4- OJji -:;) L L ';'1) J ~'.J
~ 2.... L ui.J'J;; J.} /1 jj.J 4- ~, -~ C! " J~J:. OJ) v'
v' ~ if.~j y~tJ.J~' ~ Y JJ J.j --fi J'[ £ y~(J~
v' .J'V .J'V L uy'!j -~ C~~j '- .-3,;-' I~L.JL..;.,.f uz:
t" eyv! ~. L -.$. u~ 0do L L" J~ J!cJLf v! ...f!
£ f!" J~'J;.- J:.~. L..;.,.f SUJA~! .JJ'UJ.J'~j Yo ~ v!
f!~JJ...J)./. '- .:vjtJ, Yo ~ ~ V~J c,.J1V,-15.JJ'./. .;:;'j?- ~
J:. if.~J~j J:.~ 0:' --fi f -d'v.J'J;; L /"t9 J;I cJ' s:
6- dL~ --fi...J/" Yo J~,?- Jf;J (j J ":""lJ '.;:;~.;:;'j
..;.,.1~ ~ ( cJ' 2.... VI ,..f If15jJ.J~' ~.Jj L.JL..;.,.f f i:.. L"
.J~ ~ (J) --fi':::;J 4.1' v! cJ~J~ i:..?-.J v! -.$..:)Iv ~ OJ ui.JL
C/~ JVJ2.... LcJl.tlV ,;-' L/ j'1v.:)JJ --t.JjL.JL..;.,.f OJ fui
15.JJ/ ~ OJ .JJ'~ if.15J.;:;/ Jt; ~ fJ} 15.J'~~ u-
0-' ~
,_fJ.;:;~ '-UJ.J'J~.J~' ,-J V '- J..w'i f J..,i ~, fif.
,-):I ~J.J ~ JlJJJ' OJ ~ _£ J (~~,J:. ,-}b-- ,-,.JL L.J
u-
~J~' 0-' ( V' i Ci J,'J/ J ..;.,.1 J:. if L SAV 15.J'J;;,j'
(5)_" ~ '- c,j S.tr ~k'..v J.j Jf 4 C!

(3)
£JU - ... ~...JJ'/ v-
v-c/J - .. f'M' '(.J'~ f
V l' t:;._
,y. ~ Iv t/f ~y fk-

J ..arvL v' ~jf Sui.J'J;; i '''.Jl J? J:.~ JvJ ,'.1 J.~~


,-JJ~i J:. e.fLJJ~'- ~ f ui.J'J;; f" ~ ~(AV )t-/ ..(~
(6)_v.!'.JLJ'~o'J:LJ.JL";"! v! ~~.J J'" {.Ii ~ ~.JL
~, .JJ' ILJ vfo. ~ ...JuvL ui.J'~ L if.,( LcJ!
-..g 4.1' '- if.'f- ~ -=- ~ 15x l,.JC ;J cJI L v' ' -'-J ~
107

JI L U1d' ~L,IP r" u! '-~~L ~.i'J))~ J-fi L )J' ~J)Jd

Jj') ",q Yo 'f- J~J~ d.)' u;~f';" J,jf v' J./J,I' L L')
Lv' dIP ;~ )J' dIP UJJ~fj JJ L V' .P!L v' -" u! .:v;tJ.
-L"I:I-\
'" J'Ju! ~;tJ. JA j'))1)0 u f" rV/.16 -J/ dIP UJJ
v.); -fi u! (~,~, )JI ',r J}..:,.-(. ~ U)IJGJ)J' U)JL-!J Vl.t
r?
UJJI/y J ~.::d?J )'J/ ~~, f £ L if. ~,~ u
LIJi uA~,,0 L v' f "r IJittJ,)?,~ (t L ~ ,;-'dIP
~JJ ,;'J) Lr L l:) U)J;; f" )rJ -: u! (;,i )'0/ ":::;Jv'(7)_£
J:~~ L d'" Cr,,,,f- tj...$. (~~ d''':::;J v,..f£ £ L~
~ d' 2... 1.1',] oJ;'.f ":;/":;/'::"_:d.J t ..;! d' L vlP' JJ',_f)
(8)_'] J':; ej J~If"
~V'.P! L V' 'I,,?-~~v'.) I ~j ~V'.P! L dl; UJJ
.',f J, u! ~J/ JJf J ~ d'...:1PVI U)'J/.P!L ~ (LI '~ (L' ~j
A )'J/ U)'J;; -:..f;;_L,,)? dIP)JL-!)J' dIP I'~ )J~ u! do
(9)_£L,j/tt",.;A" /J} 2_ V' £ u! {;,i J
(;,i )'0/ OJ~ f" );") JJ'
-:u! ,;L; LA J:t A jl))1)0
..;! d')JJ L (g i:.. L" ~ oL ~ {;,i 4- L d' j ~ .J'v L
)L .,:;} f~ u! j~ L ~J U f,] J" ,f- ~;~, J~~ v' ~,
)JI ~j;; ';-, U )J' " r~~JjiJ, -::! ~yJ) JJ,f-' J I L v' -1)'.1
L ~J.J'v L (;,i u~ i:.. Lf(~r LtJ o.f )J' ...u~ uK.0),
Jk. JjiJI ~ d''':::;J V' d'~;~,J)L":;}~' j L" J'J u! J
)'0/ j LiJ dLv ~)L.,:;} u ~ f" C" If l.;!' ,.f.,.f.-" c~~
d5 dLv -: J'1/.; ~ d')'J/
(10)_£ ~

J:~J/..;! A)J ~d'.f ,] ~yi S ui-J'~ ~fi ..;! c) SA


108

Jlj ~y. ~'£ ~ If.! dj al,..- L ~Ij jl.v L (!)I jJI Ii If.! -i/
.L.I.)Jjl.v Ojl~':;'J VI i J$ OJc'L)! ..::.v-~jSVI jJI IYlJ~J!.
J:~';-, cr./#", L).y.(~
(1l)-~~ 1,.;:.1

(4)
jJI Vif L)! ~jtJ,Sk" ~ J.}I dl; j~ ~j YJJ ~I:/...JI oj~
j

.L. v'.V'A L)! Jlj -ft", (t;.. L'_() ~ -~ .I'.v r c) SI.)tj'~


.::,) L)! [;tj Sk"...v J: i'JL .L.I.)? ,--;~ cJ/.jJI !t:t Lj JJ,;-'
I.)r~j Sdt:--J..t1jJI Lf dt:--J..t1e!/l L [;tj Sk"...v I.)}JJ~ SJ"IP

S.I{t jJI Jv. .L. L).,)I~ ~ ~ f ()I e.t~~ ~ .IJ'Jlj S
~~j ~ .L. 1.).,)1 V J~I L)! J ';-,
I .::,~ ~Ij L I.)r~.1
.L. ~I} L Jv. ~~} Ij{t ~ ~~ SvI u f S~ I Jv.
jJI 1/(#1~cJ'.L..J.,:~ r>h. ~Ij I.)~ ~ ~.I{t U i ~.t}J ~I
~y-I J JL LfA..;._} u~ ~}f J./JJ IJv. U fOJ .::,j~I

Lf v~~~L I.)b'~ L)! ~tJ L ~ JL.L. ~I.I i LtJ j{t


fJIJI.!t:t ~'y L)! ~IP ii' Yo '~.f ~ Id/. .IJI~..;._}JL ~ d'
jJI.J ~JJ Lj L vI Po L !t:t(12)-V% t{ v~ L k"...v J'.1~ JJ
-LYl ~~ L v'.J J"'J
rj r v' Po L V' 'tJ, Ij'~ ,.}JJ_jJ r v' " LYl .I} L cJ/.
L)! '--j~ L 1.)1;~ _L II.)I; ~ ,,:..Ij~I '--.II,..-
~ IYljl.v t.:J.I.I
';-If.J:) L)! ,.;LjL J Ljl~ ,.}JJ~I jJI Ii JI~ u f T L~if
.L. vI i ~fL)!..t1JvJ JI.I~JJ ~ L)! ,1804_Ii I,..-{ tJ~~ SLj
.IJI~I}/~" t~vl -~~ -i.l ~dlf'--J.::,~~/I.)Jjl.v Ojl~
LJ.~
L)! I.)tj I~ _( £~.1jy? ~ If' (t La u.l L.::,~~
(13)_1i c)J.I~I.)~t)i'
109

;:;;_'
y
L.f ...
j .I.J~ v~. L·'-'
~ ., .. J'L ""':'
,.,-~~'..vj... .. a
·.rtj..(i
= ~ t'J I.)! tJfo.;[
JJ'J~ A",j t OJ ~ ~~ e: L J~J J tJ~'v
..;Ljji -~t'J ~L L~ k' k. ,/nl ~Jj;( J~L 'J:) L~J .J~
(~~; '-t' U~JL1''':::",C\J-C"~ L tt~JfJ ..:../'" L v' I.)!
"ui~LJhJI u s» (rr vl,J J'J;'J~Jl.PJ 45)$J vI -!J1'
Lv' L k'..v 1'A.::-"::;U,JJ1 (!% J1.1' ~ c:fJL ~y crJr
JJ1 ,J! ~~rJ(' "f.::-'./'#..:..1/ s....;~
~ L 1.1' Jrji
~y1~.~ la f~ t".'~= ~J '-J.:4 5 L "'"1'~ 4--Jj

. (14}.. ~~~

...,.::..CI, LtrtjiJ·r J1'J1 ~ ~ 1.,!;.dJ;)J?''''»


.., • -, I" ...'"/
1.1
rUJj'~
...."
k'V ~IJ~JJ I.)!P! ..~ J'V t..:-fLz 45 uiA~ u~L la L ~~
JL 'v~ .::-1 ji JJ1 ...$. v:'~1 (Uii JJIuh/ -.-->. 'In (jlJ, tJ~,L
JJ'J{ ~ u!#r JvJ JJI'it.~ .::- c;j 45 k' ..v u1' L ~ lJ, ~
tJi~d' r v'L k'vl.)!"l804J1'(~~; Lt,L1' ..:.!{-<A
L ~,;L Jv. L c)1; '(.f~ ~UJ r ~,; .::-'L / tf'..:.! "'
. b:)J:J'~..:..7
(lS)_~ ~.-£'IJ} LJ'IlJ'; I.)!~I;.t!;
(5)
UJJIJ/
'/ ,.. y
L U? £. u./JJI V-..
;:;_I;:;;_I ?L7....;j,1 u...,l)(Uhl~
_.. ." .

,..u... r JL ~y I.)! tJi~ L JhJIL / ~ "'tJi~ j;jf J:.;f L 45


Lf~'; ( '-t'", t". L ~/"J ~ ':f r cJI~ ~ f~';
f~ Jy...J
~.JL ~j ,,);: 1.1' JY,JJ' f,J (j ~ ~ = JcJ~JPi £
JJ 'jij
-s
..:.,)= ,-fJ~ JcJ' lJiJJ'-/"J f £. Lf~~1 = JJI £. L/
.::-j} (~P! L ~)""J(16)_£.Lf~(p.4J! 'J(p.{ IlJiJ .::-JL L
Jfl11 j~ ~ .0' ~ C11JIJ L ~/j~ ~.IJ ~ C/'11 j'~} (y
110

Z. L.flY/ ,;C';'I.J .IJI;IJ;;"';IJA 'uIL'L~L A.:_,YL ~I -v!'


-?,j ~f j ~.fr I e'.lj L ~I L.f.lL.:_,Y I)! oi» ~I L U"':I~
(17)-S...J) Suj~L I~ J (lSi '.II/.
-: ~ C~ H~" Z. L.f ~ AV
;: --fl l;;' j L.f ,.v eJ ~
..1'-' L ~ -: -~ CY/~IJ Jf. ~ ~0L j~ LIJ L.f.lL.:_,y
--f'-: i:..;£.1 ,.f JLil ~ J ~ It' L5"'~ ~ o:.f L Ij.~ l;;'
L L.f.lL.:_,} .IJtZ. L~ ~ ~ I)! UyL7..J;I .f ~ " (~ ctf'"
(18)1 is ~IJA.f Y/6- >. --fi .»!
,f.! ~l.V ~r .JJI ,.,e V~ L ~I j L.f r -: ~'::;J L.f ,.v
..1'-' ,;'J2... L ,-;.I.lJ' U~J.I~ 2... L L~ ~I .I',..,Ii -~ C.fly/
UJ.I~ ~~~ L cJ' £ LY/ .I'''''.I!h~ JJ I)! (S ~I ~ O:.f L
)"~L5.J-?? ..f;;-~ CY/~ ~ viiI ~ O.l~;:~ CY/ojiIy/~ ~ J~I)!
~ JJ...v. tJl U'~~U''''.I~1i s» .IrJ 2... VI Y/J!JJ...v.1)! l;)
r~ J: vdf~30-1 JY/;Z ~J;.1 StJ;J.!S ~I~CY/t:
I Un L.f ,.v ..£,1 OJf~ C~ifI)! '-A f_I .s.2/:...fL.I)! ~J
J!JUf ~ u;Z OJ" LY/ jl". t L ..:..1J1P r)' u' z. ~J.f~!Z
~.&, ,j'OJ ~ C.flY/.IL.:_,y JP ~~'
uP L ~I..f£ z. L~
"L.I cJV ~~ It' J!J/I:- '.)!. cl' 2... vI z. L.fv.!
~. 2... L
S ,.v .IJIz. L.f?oJ ~ JIJ U7. -: C'yl [f -~ C.fLY/ ,f.! .I~
J. z. L.f r~ L)rl.l ~I -: _z. L~Jit ~ (j~ I)! ":".I~
,j' .fY/? -:jJ/ ~~~~Ic)JI fi~ rf)1' ,f.!,)JI ~
uj~ (;"J .I1J:t.l .IJI.:;/JJ 'J~J JI L cJf L! Y/ 6-" (~&.I/"
e'J
~t.fo~" )} ~,f-I i.. vI z. v! uJJI<;: Z. LY/ ~ I)!
(19)_~ (~ ~ '7. b:_, d
L L~ Ll)I )JI (ft;: Z. 2/:.. LIz v'ii I)!)L.:_,yU)I~
111

../u ~ _£ ~J.feyu~' £;f ~L ~ uZ r.,J jJ1 Ji


Sl)JJ.I'L~' fL.f.lJ!. .;.:-~v' Il)J~~ i LJ1 J'J v!L~
J.!: ;-1,.- L ~'.f~' ~LI,.- _4.1..1(IV' r j~J e.l~ L cJ' -4.1/ .::/.J8
t JLi' ~.; l)~'" L.lL ..:.,;s: ~J ~ J; .IJ/ II.)~'(u ~J L~
~, 'f- ';:)JJv~L v' ..fC~J1(jP ~, v!' .... A L if..IJ'Lf
~) .._i:I L I.)~' L I.)~' v!JJ... v' L.f J~J~.f '-J ~j' ~
v'~' .IJ';£.1JI.I(Jv! ¥ ~..f,J ~ ~ -fI"e £ £.1 fJI{..'
L.lL J? IJ!P. L v' J1J? ~ ~ d -~Jm.t~.;,.;-0 L J'
u ~ if.~ ._f l)1~ 4-.Ij L Jt .IJ' ,.;-0 L v' £1.1~ if.

.;v,.f ~ ~.tJ' IJ' ../v!..iJ)' '-/ JJ C~ J1JP. v! .:ci' ~ J'


(J,J 'f-; 8J~ L v' -LJ/.; v' 1]/ JJ .IJ'£ ~J "-' Z J;J JI
J' v' ~v!J!~ ,J cJl ~ j. 4.I.;).IJ'tOr ,.t; '~ .; ,-f 1Y vt
V' ~ lc ~ .:,. ( ';:)JJ ~, OJ...f ~;£.1 JP. v! .:ci' ...f ':::;'JV' I
I.)].I~Lf,J II.)J~ .:-6"J' J"! ~ ~.;.::/.J8 J'j~'~' OJN!L
(20)_£ L~ L;-I,.- Lf.ljj J Il)~ .IJ'

r}v~L.I'J/ .IJ'Lt.lv! l)j~ ,;-' IJLL.lL":"; (V 1.5.1'~


OJ v! if.~J F I~~.1 V' OJ~ -JJ1? ,J V~P. L v' LV
Cl F J~~(JL/.I'v iLJ1V- j~J';i ~OJ)i LJ1 !{J~.1
cJ' P. L v' -v!' J~v~ L .I'V J! f~'~ .IJ'I.)~~,J ~'~
v' ~ C~~ _;j ~ ~ L~.; ( V' ~ do J~,JI)I~.1,J I.)J.7.C
Jj /i P. L ?~ Cl. ,.P ( V' 1l).1'~/i .IJ',J JJ1(~? P. L
.IJ' ~ C~ Jk ~, ~ --?JSif. _C.f~ i.. L '::'->Jj JL Cy'
('::'->Jj SJL Li Jr..IJ Jr. J; L L~ LJ);.I' i.. L 1.5.1'~
cU...f ":::;'J V' k ~_L~ J1 JF v- tj ~.IJ' '-".I '-".I~ ((
1.5.1~,J(1.5/ JJA P. L v' ~ C~J1 ~ .::.->,j JL '.I{..f ...f ~
112

(6)
rI.5v """il~-:
: c,lt:--Jk
,;1; ,f c,lJ Lt '-.::lu, )to/ & v! u# '~ ~ w} d
J.i \.f.'~J~J~JV-
.IL ~; ,f UI..I'~ .IJ' UJp. (' u,fo J .~ "

Ur. ~IJ'L'J{" ~, ~, •...(~ 'J~ " ~ r -:-11(, 'J>~ c,l' J ,,~

If '.Ij V:-'" if. vfr / -.::lu,v'A .IJ'~~ / -:-r;,~ ~'..t.~L


-~yJ
L,,~,; ",.,P J) (if). JL1' ~ L (:,.i )to/ ~)i 1.5.1'~
L c,l' ~ v ~-.::lu,~, If V:-' L -:-11(, ,,~L c,l~~ ,fl £.
r /I.5.1C1
i J}~'.I)I VJ'j; ~-.::lu,)to/ /J}.:-.-t; .:-.-t; L UJAV
b~ .1)1J;jI' e: L ~ i-' L u';' f ~ -: (r,X Y JJ r c,l' V
--1.1(..t~ r c,l'" v' Jf ,fAy(~ ~_;') q ~'.IJ' V~",-!i~
~ ~ c,lt:--~ 1.5.11~-.::lJ if.i!• v:-
.1 ,-,I. .IJ' jij ~ -: .IJ' ~
v! ~jJJ,,f~..v -:~ c,ll; (-1)1/ .I? rc,l' j £. 'T-.1/0' (:/.-.::lu,
-L1r (:/.c,l!/ r~.Y If"f L /.Ir 15!t.J/f~ v! J>/ v' .IJ' ~
(~2)

/.~S V' uL.v. v! 15JIJJI~;'£. JL." 11V~Lv' v! ,1806


r-:-~ .IiJ '.I~ x.1..1..;111..--rV' "
V' ,,' -?'.1 -:lA uIUL V' " ="orJ.I
;IU L Jv. L VI' ,-f";.IL~; v! ujIUL c,l' u f £. ~J 4
f1806(23)-~.J~ " (-I p. ~
(t L "':/ 2' ..Ji ~
~V z.. i-' v!
J" J"x ,f C)~ (-I.lJ' ~..v j '" '1~v! UJ:/I L ~..v,~ v!
...f JI..-- ~~; -1,'/~f *"..;l.! If",,'.1)' V,,'.I' r ;{.J.I / -.::lu,
-:,fl 'I" v:- .y rvI Jp.J~ L~v' ~~.1
e~J ~ v!..$ L .I~'/
113

.lpu,~ ~.li vl;.I~ O'.I'~.'-/ JJ J:./;szy), Jv' f'YI.lJ/


-I/YI
';.li 1.11; L if. 'YIcJl; A.t .I'.v( us L v' Po L cJl; rU
L)! f1811-J.lL ..;.,.,J ..::.v-'ui L)! j~ L v' L)! 4" L 0'.1'';J po.Y
L rU Po L J~.I-J~ J~.I~. k'..v .I '-J ~.,J.Iiii { L cJl; rU
-i~L~ V'~JLr' L)! cJ' L/61UJ.I'.v l5A~(V sJ .r1
J.? ';.I,ft .r.J ~:(.1L cJl; rUn' LYI 6 O'.I'J;;.I!h25 J'" U'
~~~J~'.I L.I,ft ~, __f£J.::.J)t;' Jv' L ~ rI_L~ V
~ ..v ~ 2... v' 1J).1/ IcJl; (.of L .::.J)("f S~ -I J.t1 J /.~
L(..£) J'J) cJl;.,.:' .lJ' JYI d ~,
OJ i or- [;.,j..J~ L v' L
~J ~ r,).1UI; rU L d v' ~.I...f f1816 U~ -1/if L)! ~
OJ

YI.lJ':::;u,iJ e )J'..} J"J '..} ..::.v-'JJ'~ 'AV O'.I'J;;'-/ JJ f ~


(23)_rl.

(7)
u.i~ (.:)',:,.lJ' L L)~,..J7 "L~ O'iU,/.O'.I'~ L)! f'k.'
f1809 .lJ' f1808 L U~, i 0'7. .,iju, J cJ' ~ rIL L.I.lL...;.,.,J i.t.
O'iU,/.~ ~J J if. J .lL...;.,.,J L)! u.i~ O'iU,/.L)! fl812 A .lJ' L)!
J cJ' -vf rlj..::..L,IvV- '-.l~L cJ'.lJ' JYI ~? ..J) J cJ' .::/;
v' L....;~ if.l, '..::...iJjJ cJ'.lJ' L~.I -: u~ L~ '.I'.v '~
-1/ r? L)! U~ ~ IU;:'-~.IScJ~~.,ijJ
t.l b'J 1u.i~:;.-' .lJ' v! az, ~, ::f (J{ Yo J-~.I OJ (1

-vf az,
..J~ L U;:'-~.I!'" (V .lJ' v! J.I.lL ...;.,.,J Yo v?u, oJ (2
-JJ{~~~V!
114

-v!' J~)J hI JJIuiJJv:? J-~)J~ (3


"'I!U!.)I~ -f,j L _;~ _i:.. /. ~/ JJ~ v.. ~IO) I~
L "' e: "' -I I!Uf-V I)!.J' ojr L U~ 1 ~IP Yo U'J ':::;'J
JIJj r U~ ~ -?J Uf-V J,[:r.~~S ,_y ~ t,)C v:' ft/
':;-f.::/f S
1.5}u,.t. fi L~ J1_:,JfJ; I(J{'~ -?J ut)f.~v:()Jf fJ1
r
J1 )G"J
r "' j,f J1(rt v.. ':-J W )JI~LIJ~I! UJ~~ v.. L~
-J"~
J1(.;J/ ~J'i? _;~ L "' >. >. )Jf(L~
v.! ~j~11! ~ ~ U!.)f~! J{ L J¥" _;r j)i. v.. ffk.I
J/ LU!.)I~flJ1 ~~)JI,f J ~j~1 ~~I v.. f1816j!J~,,:ft OJ
-L~~,.7(; L)~1iJ /i r ~I )JIL~ ~,.v"' >.
-
..,. urL) '-',~ '-',1~ L "',.. k
Uhf;;'! , ,..
--r
~J;' _;~ L Uhl;;',. ..
'JI~ If- ~1_~tJ. ~I,.-':;-' v.!f)!JJ dJ r W )Jf)f)j ~ ~~ L
JG" J-~)1!)J(JYo)JI){~JJI '){;- 'JV- 'jlt? 'j;/ J:k. '~!
'~..v ,nl z:.. 4~~
~)~ j)!JJ7-;)1 V1)j
)JI t{ L Jl.~
. (26)_~tJ.~I,.-:;-Iv.!'L) ~~~~~(;/-I)JI.JJ1
J'IJ )JI~(; (-f~: i:.. LJ1';_ v.. UJ)JJ O)I~ v.. f1817
U"':Ij V1'7-))O)~J',.v_;~ L ~I JI f Jj ~~ v.!1 ''';
S UJ)fV .f"'./t)jJ (;;1)J )'v U) I~ (Ci f S~ !S~~vI L
ty vf
S~f ..:v'~) J!i _:,"' -~ LJ1,f-' ~.Ji",_t.!fL ~G".1()'~
J! i.. L..::,.SIP J' Uil--,(;L ~f L u"':' _:,)Jf JJ1)~ i.. L .:,-.:Lr
,; 0) f~ JJ; ~j~r r( _;~L ut) f~ L J{ If- f1817-18-~ ,.$
U"':f i.. vI l.i~ t
fJJ! ~I,.- L el' _:,)JIi:..OJ'"L ~ ~~G"~ j
u.; ~J ~(; 'At -t:-J)(.;; L;Jfj)~ L) ..(1 ..(f { )' OJ L
)

L~ ~ v.! ,;(r ~"':{.It ~f f LIJ)~ " J.,/ v' L ~ 'l.i J'


;; If- .I{ £/f ~, !
1J)Lfy L L ell:> !J} L l;}1; (-/ _{
115

.I J"'J(21)-OJ .JI:f '- J~t;J;:j ~Ii!L VI u~,f OJ'-J r:f.;


~ .JJI~f.J~I '- L,r ~~"'~VcSuJJ! L VI IJ't~ v..J{ ojl
J}/ "".It Lv' v! Po J,r Jrt ,-' v! if.cS~ f SL,r .J9 -
j
(28)..0/J

f J} ,:,.JJIcS ..:A~ j ,:, L if.~AV oA~oj; a 8J

cSvI L u;.£ ~ -~.JCj ...f ';:'J oj; .--"1/ Lly L uJi_.


L u~'v vd~v! ';-,8J V. j; -OJ ft L f '-# '-# 0
f,r vt.L8J '- uk~; JV.A '!Jt ~ v. ufo. ;£L vlJ) .~
L~'- oj ~/ e' ~'v L uyJj ~/ L la.JJII(if ~ J J!._;
bV 8J v! 1'1818 -1£ 15.J!~L;i rvI L UJ:.c/'-I(~J~'s: L
~v L ~L,., f .J'.v ~/ LvI v. 1'1819 -I(" ~, v..,:..~·.
J:. ufo. L v'r v.j; cSJ>f cSLf ~"' '"'"L.f/.'f.
rO'~..Jj ~ .JJI.J~'JJv. ~ (1(1 r vI l,rJ~ r). ~ eJ u~1(.
(29)-cS~ r-? d...f';:'Jji LJ.
(8)
S~~J.kz L V' Jif (' j'....JtJV L ut..J'~L J[ ~I ~,

~/ '- ,j'':' !',:,


!'.::./;
15}U,/. L,r ~/ .,:..'/''-/ { b.
.11b1 (,j, .JJI~ IA.....Or 0t.)~ L vI z_ vl,J Jz\' tft f .:
2_ v' -v.! 7-.J.lJL ..:.-i v. Lt,I.; 15}U,/. '- ..:tJ cS~11 ScJIO.l'
J~ ,-ujt,l.; ,;-' f ut.J'~ 8J .11/.-lib" ~ '-uf"V L UJ:.c/'~
J{{~£'A...f,roj ,:.-./-15J'J;;..f£,J zJ'~~~j"
:L~I,-.tG.:A'-(JI
.L '-1Lr L .::Ji1P '-U;'--~ j~ j~
~ Lfh-' J1.1' '- vi '-J ~v r J[ e.' J '/.J,f. I~...v
116

-!,rf
(L~ 15Jff ~!.J !VI ;'.JJ '-J.Aft,.. fV.J~ / for (3
v!.JiJ
~..JI,.;I L J{'~I.!-.!I v! elt:--J...Cz
L LIV L utA~
--?'.Jc",:,,1;_r,.t1 V~I r.,:..~
~t:--J--'1.JJI VI /(1' Jt:--J--'1.JJI !J
.; = .JJIJ:_ '-J v.! ~ JI ~.JL ~j! utA~,,_j'I elY
~I o: j~ L J{'_rif .::,,;~!~~VI Yo !J L J{',,_j'I
"(I' L elt:--J--'1-'f- rI ~0.111'J~j.Aft,.. L.:..SIP .JJIelLI
4 vIA Yo 'f- ~u, oJ -fi J{',.r'.t1 v~I If r.,:..~ VI
~,tff IelLI J ~I v! j~ L el' Yo 'f- riff luI
"'1 .JJIJIP Jj '.:..SIP v! elt:--J--'1~I L ~~vI! J{'U.t1
-!J ~.::,,;~!
L,y
le, Heiny and A. (1)
Burnell :HabsonJabson, London, 1%9, P.P.711-
712.
433 V (JJI ,..,v) - ( L(2)

712v:cr~~~(3)
uff, J.G. :A History of the Mahrattas: Calcutta.
-seman, W.H., 1912 III, P.389;
'embles and Recollections 297V :"~' (5)
.the' Indian Official.
.rachi, 1973, P.367. 325 V (Y' ,..,v";; (6)

433-432 V JJI ,..,v L (7) I


434 v: "~I (8)
.436V "~I (9)

436 V :"~I (10)


117

436-437"': H~I (11)

438-437'" : H~I (12)


440 '" : H~I (13)
44~1 "': H~I (14)
451-449'" H~I (15)
297-292'" :~ (16)
330-329'" «(Y' ,,;p)"";j(17)
Burton; R.G·.:. We II'mgton 'c
s .
ornpaigns .
m In d'ia, (18)
,. Calcutta, 1908, P.P.147-148·.

Princep, H.T.
432-430 v (JJI __,v) : ( L (19)
. 328", «(Y' __,v)"";j
'iHistory of the political.and.Military
Transaction in India, during the
Administ-ration of the Marquess.
of Hastings (1813-28) London I

1825. I.P.389; .
Muir Rarnsay.:The making of British India. Lahore
-thornton. E. 1918 P.P.256-2S7. ..'
•'The H'IS t ory 0 f th e BnitiISh P P 418-19; 148"': d/.
Empire in «(Y' __,v)"";j 150-148J: d/. 260-259"':.I~(20)
India. London 1848. 40-39'" (JJI __,v),...: "329,,,
. -
421-420'" cI (j.lyl -149-148'" : cI/. (21)
.
42-41'" (JJI __,v) -....r ,,(22)
43'" : H~I (23)
326-325 If «Y' __,v)"";j 48-44 "': H~I (24)

214-213 If «.ILt __,v): d (j.l; (25) -

412-411 333-330'" (JJI __,v).tf / (26)


460-459'" (JJI __,v) ( L 156V II~~ (27)
118

150 t.I -e' "' (28)


153-151t.I «JJ~): "~' (29)
447-444 t.I (JJ' ~) f~
119.

"Y/ (.;J) t{ v.:J IjJ v! ':'-jLt I" h.r!- J ~ ,.JV ~


JJI

2... L ~IP J :# I:)~ .p. 'J' (Ii u L ..:.v-~ ()i .1v L V' j
~j

L UjJ.f J I.)Jj IJI1:)1~ Y/ (.;J) tY/ jJ.f ;:...-;i ;:...-;i i:.. Li v! J.P.J
UJ~.I.J ()i~ JJIUJ .:.-/~ J,J 'A..:.,Y v!;'. L if. k"'~1.:;.,j;~tJ

I.)J~Ij JJI1.)1.1;~ JJ JjL..:.,Y JJI ~IP -J~j!i j~ v! ~;~


L~ ...fl {:;j ~ -i'J! if. vf C;v ~ ~j J ~I LI.)¥' JJI

~ >. ~ v! Jw ! ~;JJ, Jp. jJ Jp. j( JJj ~ JJI lS/.' "' j.J


J ~I L I.)r. LY/ I~'p' ( ~I v! .:.-tJlP1:)1L L~ >. u/JJ

LA v! JJJr J ~;JJ, v! I:)~J-"1 .1v L I.)'p'j ~I ~ vfj'i ~j


(j ft u1J ~I ~ I.)~ JJIJJY/ J I.)y'!j L ~V.:.-..? J1:)1s:
;I'p' J:~J ~h-- JilPI J/'( ...$. -f,j L 1:)1s: 21:./ J}. ~I ~ J
JI J 1.)Jj'~ 1:)1s: Lj ...$.}IV JjL":"Y JJI~ ~ ~~ C/IY/~
~ v! v' ~ ct IAV L 4:)1 ";J~ p.,J. j' JY/ I.I-'! j/p if- &If
-~C~J ,.,.:>t/-I.I-'!I
~L7. ~ dt.~.:.-..? Jv' j C)~ {:;j)J/ .p. (JI ~
v! I.)y'!j ';-, ~I UJ~J if- P. v! ";JLr L (,.j"u -j' JY/!
f j' JY/ ~'1 ~JjlJ/ L {:;j -~ 'v..J)?
1.)Jj'~ ';-, v!.:.--'IP.Ii
JJIjlJ/ 'I J.t1 uJ J ~..J"';: v! ~ J I:)I~) ~Jk '( ~jl:l L

()i~ (16; JJI,? 'v! {:;j l)i _;JJI ~C~~ IJj~ Jj u~;v! I.)y'!j (16;
l)i~ (16; ~ Y/ IJ/ U
j 'f-' V- 1.)Jj'~ 4:)1 L ~I)_(,{-J' lSk -i' ! jJ
120

tf JI~ L)!d' )JIi:.. LYl J1.. L)!JJJr ,f ~jJJ, ~


,.;f ;;~ ~~y
uf I JYl~-?JtJI,f ~7J'AV J)~C/ ~ ~ IJ'L~
L d' ji L) J~ r)'{Iu J ~IP J' U'?'v':;'-I )JI n vI )JI )Jl.!
OJ

Lr. (oJ ~/JJ s'./j~ ~I J) i ~ cC / ,.}:! r,;; r)'{ jJ)


_i:..L~~.
• ? V
rL yo

~jJJ, ...d/.1u~r.(J.j d' ~ -?J J~ J' ~)yI ~k-- J' d~J-'1


~J/,f ~ J":""1.-Z~~~~IjL)!Uy.j,f(' vl-t} (ft) Ji ~,f
I){~I ~C~t/ I(r L(' if-dl)JJL'::"';jJJ,,.}:!I )JI t} JYl,.}:!
din' ~,,(J dl f~ CYl~ JI ~ ~~ :r
s. L/ v,~,
..:/JiJ, ~ 0i 41 JY< J")~ J1~J!U)'J~JJ' d' Uv' ~" r
_i:..a),.}:! tYr(' ~ ~v'AiLj~
J) OJ ~lil e..(~I){ I){ L u~y.( urf. ,.;I;,f-'"
J) d' ~
";Jlr eJ~j~ ~~ fi ~, JYl ~JeJ~JJ' uY!lJ.# J) ,f if- AV
_;u; L ~I t}~ (JJJ, L if- ~rfLYl tf I..::,y, 2.. v' L~V~
)}LleJi
?
oJ. (..1-~ '::"';jiJ,.t/,
0- V LJ..~I~_.
• 1'~)/ J..Ia...d;eJLj
v.!, ,.... ..

y. (J.j j~J;;.z _L/ JylJ ~ L/..(~ ,.;L.7."d' nl i....) IU~'("


r (15"~, J!~ _f£ £:_/ ~ i".:}JJ eJ~jJ! t-)IJ/
_i:.. 4:-J/ ?L)!U-tJ~':;'-' "IJ ~I i Clo ~ JL L)!J. ~";Jlr
Y,~ C~Yl V J! OJ CYlVjl.tl Ifi J!r. L
U~, v! ,.;LjL U)~
J' d' ~ _f£ J~ tlil J!.:}j,.}:!1 ~ ';-J"; eli' IUyJj fLYl J! 1..::'
L,;. )JI J~J -:--4~ 2.. vI V'/ (ilj /(jJ) I UyJj f t} U;!J.....j
)JI d~j -:--42.. L Av J) -f"1I}.)I_a) .J"'v ':;'-, f UyJj " UJ~J
-~ U)-V' J!tYlfi L rUJ~JL,;.
"S.tJ J}lr )J' J.~J' d~J;;.z r I:t' d') )J' S.tJ J' UyJj d'
L)!~ I}.)I_i:..L/ '::"';jJJ,;!-L r- ,f ~ J.j ~ _I~;I
J ":""1.-Z
,
121

~ V- u r.I-oJ_I:)' 2.... V' 2.. L)~.1 J!i Oi~ L ":"'i--' J ~'j /l


I:)'L~~.IJ}' JIr_cr If.! jj~'( ~ O!--'J~~~'Jjj if-
_Ii ~)!:1'1Jv-~-f'/ ~

(1)
UJr.( oJ ~.I! .11.-- .11.-- L uJr. ( J) JI;.. V- tj.v v.J.lIJ,
Jli' V- b.lC SI:)~Jk
~'J' .1'.,1(i' L Ur. ~rV- Jr.J if-~
'(
~ Z. a.r Uk)~ ~ L ":)JJ SI:)~Jk r.r. (J) ~L ';".I!
L.f ~ '::)JJ eJ~;~ eJ~;~ I:)~Jk ~ r 1:)1Z. Oi~ L ~if
,f-'Jr.Y ':'~ '( tj-"J~J.IJ' Jtlv._t; v-I:)' 2.... V' _Ii CJ1t! ,:JJ~'J
J1..J'L ..:,v;v.;v-1:)~Jk '-.I{ k.:A SUJr.(oJ ~.I! 1:)'_Ii CJ1
V' Ii ~.tz&. c: .:A~ I:)~Jk V- ~ .IJ'~.IV J.j ';".I!...f'{,f
oJ) V- ;'.t' ~.Ii / I:)~Jk J' ~ L U~, ~.Ii 1:)'2....
'-J'::':;';
.IJ'JJ1~; SUV" ~.I! 1:)'V- UiV L ..:,v;~.1 i v(~IP U~~'(
/ (:) '-t'.f £ (;tJ, IUV" ~.Ii 1:)'f S~ IS~~V' L ..:,v;~.1 /l
(1)_'-J'::':;'; V- ;'.t' ~.Ii~.If
cf, '~'i L 11m' 'O~J~ J'" r. L o:!tj r. ( oJ ~.I! J'k.'
U;.-~ S,.;C~'.1'1:)uJ,.,; J
.IJ' .IJ:?L.I~ '-.lU, (lSi .I'~f L
...f f1803.JJ"J1 t,;,J ~ f1784.IJJ~ LJ1 (jtJ, U~L UJ.I'.v~/ .IJ'
~~, ..!-.!,2....v' LJ.j o:!tj ji L'JL)('( V- U;'-~.II:)'...f~~.1
I:)~Jk?-.IjLuV"v-?tj I:),Jtj v.!f'J1~ ~~v'lJ[I(

L udtj f J1 ~ I(~~ 1.1' IJ{ ~~(2)_L) (~ ,; .I'p' ", V-


?~t.f J~' v-1:)~Jk~' OJ ~ ~ J:' r. V- OJ,;r ....5. S..v,
4lGJ.::.:;.; Oi 0:'/ (:) SuiV j~Jk ',J.I;.. ~ UJ:t!t {/-: UJ1
(3)-1 tjJ/ d..~'~.1Lu';' u! 'J3[.IJ'-V'
122

y. OJ~I 'f- cC ~ ~ r? u! IU~y. (oJ ~.J! C)I


.JIJJIJJ

)'0/ ,:;~~; ~.J! oj; v.. if. Iyz r~


L d ,J U}-~ u! f1803
u! OV I./.,.il y. f- .JJJ Y JJ Jyz d u;~ L UJ-Jl1 (:;j
OJ

L..:.:;u, ,J U,.;- .JJI ~.J0.J~ ...f Jv 36 -: Iyz(.;J/ v.. .J~.JJL U,.;-


(4)-'yzr ~
':t!' 'z,.. z:« J" J~I L (Ijl~! (V u! u~y. ( oJ C)I
-OJY.. .JJI ~; '£tl 'Jt! 'i;(? '~~ 'J~I 'J;; '(s,j 'O-"U,I
Jyz I~ ~ ~I ,J U~JJ u! ;. L o~ OJ" o~.JJI ~.J! u! C)t:--Jk
~ I ,....r:
iF
, .1"" I ,-yz
V'f yz.r- OJ
I'.
Y.
(.~
.JJ" Y. v.. C)I_UIL! ~t'..!JC/;....J! 1.1". ~ •
.... r. '

Lyz LJ'o.J'" ~~ "I L._6( .s: ~ .JJI"!".JI~I ''.I;}.J 'j.JJI/.


-()~
CtDrilleda blackman white and made coward fight."

J[.JJI Z,.. LJ' ,."J/. uki "' ud~ C)~ L U;.-~ Jt:--Jk
J' '-J ~; 1(:) ,J C)I-: s.Z,.. LJ' J~-:'- -?J,J ..:.:;u, Jyz (J'Z ,J
(5)_L /; J;;f '- '-? L UJ:t!' ~I
u! C)t:--Jk f f- ~ v.. '-.J~ L U~y. ( oJ C)IL jy.I~
C)~ ~I .JJI v.! ~.J LA JJ ~ >-0/ >-~
y. v.! y. ( oJ ~I
tV.:)JJ / ~ r C)Iv.! ~.J L~ v~L C)~ '-/ JJ '- v~L
-v.! 'f-.J f ..:vjtJ, J~ u f JYl ~ ti} Jf ~ vI ~I 'f-
.J~I ..:vjtJ,,J '.I' '-J elf Li" y. f- JIP tj_ J!r uJ!j L C)t:--Jk
OJ

,j'~I -f- cC ~ LfCto} r ~/'Iu~t:--Jk '- J;~ '.I' v.! ~J'


.JJI? ";"~ f f- IyzJ! ~I Li' IY J/,-,JJ,j' ~C)~ ,j"...i.

L '-/JJ ~ u!....s. C)I~ .JJI v.! u! ~jtJ,,J U;~ J;I JlIf


"'~.J
(6)_·"".! , j ""';iJV
123

() '::)JJ "C.t1 t/ i"'::)JJ~ cf-JI~ 4,),y.(' oJ ~.Ji c),


.JJI..;;JI} L..t1 ~J ~ ~~ tf 4,))1/ V. c)I s: t'.Jj y. L L/
eJ~ y. v. .s:
c), L/I.t1 ~ JL .JJIJ..i tfJli~ 'elf '(i.J~
'.JL.,!..}y. (' -: ~ _i;_ Lif .::)JJJ:7 / (J ~ v.
.;:,).j OJ _i;_ .J";.t1
4 J';-, j ~/ .t1jJia.Jj ~ / i"
~.JY. ';_.Jj L Jli~ .JJIelf
~I I' I' ~J .JI:/ J;;j d'{L/)gJl J\.J v. c)V-J--'1~ L~
.JJi (Vi ~ fIe L~ ~/.t1 j}ia.J"Ij -: j j~J .1~~.JY."i~1
(0 OJ V~L;i ~ ",, Lj vd/' ~.Ji...(1 j {II! ~ JJ.l:! J.J
~I.JJ'
L ",,OJ -v! J; ~ JJ L.JJi (Vi y. vi .1~(j.J J .;:,'A'y. ',-p
(7)-0).11:/~ J;;j ~1il.JJI1.t1J'e.J~ ~ J;;j oJ Po
(l.Ji
(j'::)JJ .r ~ rc1- cJ.! isJ If ~I V. 4,),y.(' ~.Ji c),
.s: L/.JgJll ~ ""/.t1 "'iL ~ ~ ';-, OJ.J." C.t1~ t/()
J';,' c), -" C/'.t1 Jy. (' oJ ~ ~ ~c1- i:...1f ~, yi V. c)1
{ )} ~ fJj L 4,)"i1f t! If-: (i' -P tf 4,)~r.(' oJ
.::.--;!~

i:... ~ .t1JV-J~ (t Lyi v. c)1" ~ / (' J'. c).; J -:&i JV-J~


'i- [:,.J~1/.t1 1/~ ",,OJ.JJII£ tt",/," (t tylL .,!..j.J~,J'.J :"e
J.I' (Louis Bourguien) cI}.Ji. J} II~L" '" .Jr." (HESSING) J,.
~L" ~"~ ~ tt.JJv.[:,.J~"~ II~L" JjlT.' ife [:,.J~u~L"
J{tt~L,,"£" (SYMES)f J{tt~L" t"
J:J..I'v .,!.../.'.Jtt
4,)J'"tL tt~L" .J~" ;C , .JJ'tt),6"c)),6u~L" J;;./." J; c)~f..t.
,,_
(8)-'-.t1.J~ ~ .~

~ c), i:... L.t1 (jiJ, J'. [:,j tf J-.:i..J ~.Ji y. J'. Jv v:..ri'
OJ f v! J.t1 ~!/-:.::J L if." C~Ve{lr -P':::;J L -.:vjiJ,
V!""~ ~/~ L.{'L,J./ (' J'. JrL Jv-~ IJj L/JJ":
4-tf~;,¥ .JJ'L~u~jIJ'Lv/ ~ ,Jill? J'.~'L
124

(2)
-~ J) ~.Ji v! l;;j I!(.).t1~J~JY f T (j I!.:.~ v' ':'Jt)

,f ~I eJ~j I!(.)J']j ~.Ji._f "::;J v' J2 - v! ,.;1; ,,;,,1 ~.Ji' vI;


I!l;;j ,:;~~; d.7- --fi /I:)Y A .k.J.t1 v!.J oj; ~I I!1:)1J
,:;~~; o-'Ij V~L ,.J-LJI l;;!r v!..G. I!O~ -J j.t1 ':'.JJ/
';.Ji' J~ YoIi.? I--fi J~nJ)" v! ~jtJ, I!"":,,IiL JI1JJI_Ii ,.;1; ,,;,,1
V- 1:)1~ L; (t L d- V- (,)y'!j L~!) JI..c:I(lO)_~ C1J.( v1J?-" tt

~ .,!.,j.J~J'.J(lI)_~ oi'tj ~~ .JJI t;/.? '.,!.,j.J~JI.J '~i 'J/ :


tt' L v' ~ (j .:.L,lv o.J{ u:' v! ~.J~ L Jo T Yo ( J.j
eJ~j ~I L Jol/ J}/ ~ I!I:)Y V'A.I)' 1/ r /l;;j ~..i'.;
~ _Ii ~.¥ u 1.t1.J? J' YoA1! L .,!.,jA JI.J(12)_~J ~ eJ~j ~

if ~ jr .JJII!.J~I ~jtJ, I!(.)iY _;,j;f L V' -~ Jv J~J'


(13)-V if ";".Jif
tJYo.JJd~I L.;Yo(Jj ~.Ji YoA1! L~~ .JJI.,!.,j.J~JI.J
e.J.j .Jr,.j .JJIALYo~ L; Ji IJ V- ( J: 'f- c:C ~ 1/?V-
'..£ T I:)~ : ~ = u L..t1.J? Yov! 1:)1JI!(.)dlj .::qri I!1:)1
_I.t1.J? ~ (t L t\..f..J?" ';.J} J~ Yo ~Aj .JJI(.)",oj Jf
.JJI;j.J( ~J : L..t1 .I? .::...t. JJ v! d- ~ Li :t)i v! ( 0/JJ(14)
v! 1:)1~ ~jk Yo.~ Li Yo(J.j u v!(U,d(15)~ I,j!.. J
~ Lfl.t1 J))if .JJI J~JI1~1:)1 =~ L.i f JIIJ. ~ .JLN.Y' ~
(16)_1:)~ .JJIife l;;.J~L..t1.J? .::...t. JJ~ V- 1:)1
(3)
C)t=--JP; L v' YoL.~1/~(bt' fi r (.)i'J.J.Jr 1:)1I!ife l;;.J~
125

",,-,.i' J ""-".11),S cJ~JPz "- v' , vi L Yo( [;,j ...fI ~ v!


"- UJYo(oJ '-/ JJ L V""~T C" ,;'.t'~ r ~j, U"k-' S OV
S cJ~JPz,.j -J" Jrt ,,-' v! j; ~fi V.J~' ~'.J J ..!-r ~
~ Yo( oJ ~.Jt ~ eJ -T Li .11/ (t r v' If'.;U!l) ~fi v! b.JL
ji .JJ'S.::/;JJ, SUi!/ J~~ J;I .JJ'1/~ / J.t; ~, L if.
r
-,-J i .::/!.J~ J} .JJ'J';; ~, .; U£J} eJ f'(' "';0 v' v!
-,-J.....5. i..~, y, J} .; U,{ '" (f.....5.e: L UJ""
9 JJ U U~

!.t; SV' J ,1797 _!i cJ~JPz v! ,1781 !,1780 V""~[;,.J~


ScJ~JPz .JJ'..:..111,L cJ~JPz ,,-' v! cJ'.JJJv' -O.J:! v!.....5. ~j,
1/ !J v! cJ~JPz .JJ'cJl; if (lSi v! ~ L V' J, t".r;£/.::.l!tj
'f'",;o v' eJ v!j; -vi~;JJ, SUJ.J'J/ )'-/ "-.::.AJ L"-
/.;k LV' e: L ~ V' L~ Sri .::/!J';; ...fI~, f
._:;;
/ J;J/ rV' j~"::;JV' T e'J v! ~)'")~ L/- _j~ r.;kr -1/
/ ~ v' "- V' L V' 'M~ ~"j~'/ -:v! L V""~_~
~J "::;J

r v' L uJ~~L U~ !Jf.J.?"' "0.1/" L v' v! ,1797 -V~


/ UJ~~ JI;.- (j k ~V""~-JIId ~ VJ.I;.- "- o.JJL-!OX
S,.$ L V' !b: (I;.- o;f/ ~,/ ,J~.JJ'~ J ..;.!"' .;kJ '-J d
.JJ'cJW-- Yo! -:"- Sif.!V ..::.v-'.JJ/uJ.i' S!.JJ' Jv.:://
~J

[;,i i..L ttGJL ~!.J ~, L V' V" tt,) t"J~;k.::.A ~ J~i~


fV = (r~ v!.::/~ '-t' L ife -~if~.?~ ",.JJ'J~ J'~J'
"';J~ V!,L~"J; v!.....5. Yo-1/~J..v. r~ i.. L U-t1~:;'-'

",. ({J;/ U~ o-"J L;cJ' £ Lie '-.JL L" Lj Yo.JJ'~ L~V'J'


-lJ~oJ
t./t / ~'fy --:~ r v' P! L LJ ri / ~ ~,v! .;k
v'Lv'VJ7 ",.J-t;-Lv'i..v'J;p~( -:"-,,.j_~
126

fIJ O.li' -: J'. JIP '::'-.1'" o~ S cJ~J"'" fIJ k' " ej'.t' ( .::.-~
L f,Uj .::?tJ lut.lA )JI L~ I/;_;~ I(:;j ~)j L ...b. ~
"i U.l~.IL ~1~ J'.,;C~'.1 LVI 2... VI L~~ t,GJ ( .::,.r'~
(17)-v! J-~¥ S "':'~7cJl~ ()L~;S v'.p!L,;C~I.I
~Ij L (:;j S V'.IJI~..v ~I.I'::)JJ L ~u, J.f1 (?z S ife
d S~ S~jiJ. ,,-I L ~..v JJI ~tJJv~I (~ IcJJ.6 )~lf
~ 12... L )tt' if?1j J'. cJ~J-'1 y.cJJ,6 J.?--~ ~ J} L VI
Ji ~!if JAI));I oju,/. "- if- J'. ty.". Sife ~I IJ~.1f
ft I.::;,u, S ,/e f~ ,M-:"- J'/ S't!'..v L VI 2... VI -~;
~ I,/e Lif-I/'f!- f cf..i)i. e: L J..l;.o L v' {~L~ 1
S~ "T'jl Lf JI#~ j~I..f. '1801-: )JI Jf t:"-VI f '-J ~
~ '-y"jl v! "".3 S ~L ~yJ.Iiii ~I V~ L VI ~J VI -~ _;)
J~~I LVI dJ.tf~~ j J{ .::.-G"iJ.Sv'ul.;:_~;V.l~-: ~
,1802 .::.fI22 u.f! SL~~;;j J11_f, S V' -?Ji ",,,1t.f IJ
Jf.Jq;' .::.-IJ~l:)~J-'1 L VI f8) J'. cJ~J"'" Y J'..I{ (Y- J'.
(18)_1) r:£:f (.7~')JI I) Oi.,,-J'J) X~j O.JGJJ)1uc.l
(4)
~ v! C)f 0~Ip ~J:.57. L ~dy J) I.)! uJy. ( (;,i ~.It.
I..f. ,'.v.' 'I" I~ J'. Lly I..f. ,1751 Ji.01 - cJJ.6 Y JJ)JI I) Ji.oj-fi
'::;'J VI ~r l:)~J"'" J'. ,1778 vf ~jiJ. J.j J'. I)'J.I.lJ' JIj LVI
~ 4f,,-12... VI I) C~k' ~ rJiJ. f Oli 4f!' J'. J;'~I..:..-:!'
oJ )JI V~iY ),. ( (!IV IJ.i L J{ LvI v! ~f v'-if J ~..,.,.I-I(
';{r ..::;...
U~J.jJl ~ ,fi fj~ ~JtJ, -: u! f1783 -vf I".::.-L}v
(t L uP~~.J L J{)JI uil/ JIP ~, L J.?-; )/c.p., cJ)J u~
127

-= v! UJ.I~.IJL v' _~f ~ ~ U~J -= ~J 1,p J.lt;,..


cJI;--J~':;J
~~ ~, i Cf ;-v L ~ J.lt;,..L J[ ~.I! JIfi f j ~'J.I
.I!h.I~L v' Yo J~ ~ .I~.IJL ~ ~ -?J v' IJi. oj _Ii C~
~ ~~eJ,f Ylt.l Jr v~L Ji. oj ~ V'09>-t)J) ":">Jj v! ="orJ.I
-~ Li~jJJ.I'Jo.lGLv'uk.IJ'Y v!~
cI-
J (;fJJ,' ~') ~ efi' "Yl ,;'J.I -!~SJJ Ji. oj ~ ~
v' eJ) cf -= 'f-Ih)yllI r .I'r}'/L cJ~ )--/'~..v J. .I'JLf
.::.-,~r.IJ' cJLvr v' L UJjij v! -=--'.1 -1/~ .I'r}'/:L. L a ~
+SL uJ'!l L ~ V o.li; f ~~~, v! Po:L.) o.li;
1/v~L ~v"v.PoLL~Yl(}P L~ v' Ji.oj
0/ JJ eJ~ L .::.-,~r~, " v' ~ --lIlY' r U~ efl'~' ~ V' .IJ'
_vfJ~IJV.z
~ ;..1-= s:~ Yl r~ v~L v' ,..p. v! .::.-viv cJI L Ji. oj
~, eJ -"-).I~' .:/;iJ, Su;~ JIP ~.::.J> SoJ L -=l)eJ f
Lv' d S~ S.:/;iJ,L ~y J..I'JL~' fli v! tt J ~ 0'
e,f Sl)i~ '''-).I~ (:.,j...fi eJf~~~ -= -'r}) J} "'J
.I'YlL="orJ.l8
d'i S{;~ j;l. L Ji. oj ~ cI- L J} ,;~L.I!k ...fi ~, .IJI JYl
~~~jverl S
-S.I/" ="orJ.I
J~~-!~S~ y J'.I.::,.JJJ.lJ'~ V J..I'JL _f V/.ll Ji. oj
r.::.-~V' i St=" S{:.,j ~I ~ L V' L~'J ~ .;t r cJl;--Jk
~.1

~ .::.-~ (j...(l v! ~V-J~ -= _L e,:l ~ Uk.~/l)i~/i flh J~


v! {:.,j J V'(20)-JYl ~ '::'-JGo! ,j.v! (;,j J v' ~ -?J J vI eft
(21)_£ 0:l)i~ LYl LUI. ~ J{.IJ' ~ 1,jr '~.Ii 300 /IV'

.I!k J'J -= v! jf 1,f fj._f .I!k 6 ~ 4 e,f ~I S Ji. Ijj


J.,z ~f J~.:::....e'.Ij "-/ JJ .IJI ii~~,eJ~ L v' -I ,f Yl.I'YlL
128

(22)_j

vf ~(pu,,' f! V- (;) J~~ L v' :.rT ....t.J1(~I(Ji. I.5j


:e -~ Jf t J!.J~ I(1.:)'V- I.:)~J~ L I.5v 4.lYl.Jl),
-,J J~I.5n'.;,' JL v.!' L~ YI Jj v-....t.f! U'~ .JJ'')' _
-~ C~~ ~J I;f I(ci!j ~/~ v.!' L~YI.JJ)p ~ f! _
-,J J~I.5JJ'';'' JLI I.:)'.tl;L1.:)' ~ L~/ V-..b.f! _
J! ~~, V- if- ~~ I.f' J! 2... L u~j V-..b. I.:)'~ _
(23)4 JYI
Jj;J~ JiJ 4 V~L v' i T 1// YI;~ Ji.l.5j ~ V- ,1895
,J J I.5J~~ ~.JI j~J~ ~ I.:)'.JJJL (g ,;-' L V,,J ~.J'p
L v' U}JJ ~ -,J )~Jj -fI.Ji ~ J I(j -fl1( V' ~ if-
)'(,.-
(24)_:L.J~
~iI.:)~J~ V- ,1780 f! 'YI~ ~~ I(V'~ L L~ L Ji.l.5j
i.Jj J--:iJJV~Lv' 'YI )~f .JCOI.J}I(uh~ J~L k"y~-~
eJ ~i J 1:1- i:--:~ L?-, )J' ,)t 'J}.Jt 'J'J'~ J~'.JJ;.JL.--\;;!j
v' -~ ':-J l;;,j ~, I.:)~ L ,,;CJf-'.J.JJ'.J~Jf!.J{;'" ~ C/ J~J
~ V- ~ L v' 'e~J~ ~ 'r" e~ -~ j;J~.J 'li 32 JiJ 16 J?I..J,.;1)('" I(
J~ 1.:)'.Jj;l{ ~/(25)_~ C/ 1.5.J~I.:)LjL ~ ~, ~.Jj L if- _eJ

f! ~ Uir.::J LL V,,J AL ~.,J.J.J!h e.J~ e"" SvI ~.:.J>


.I); ~ 25 eJ L ~{tr ~ ..:.v-~.J.Ii~ .J/p ~ 51(VI", V' ~ Cl. J?I..J
I.:)~J~ eJ ~,J ~.,J.JJiJ -{, ~i ,.;~LJ V' ~ V' -~ C/ J~J
(21)_~ .!t' I(j;J~JiJ 5 V~LVI i 1/~

(5)
.JJ' JJJ LYI ax L J[ V- 1.:)~~...11; I(UJf!( oJ ~.JI. 1.:)'
129

JJ v! 1'1803) '-J d /tjJ.6 L,_g J.7. f ~uk I" "- .JI~I .

-1/ "r .JJJr u~Yo(" oJ "- tjt:-~ 0' ~v L vI -~ ) ,.:.! "'


vI ~ L v!.:oJ1P It' ~.J;,fr j ~/ u;'-~ Jtjt:-~ L J{'J£
~ "- tjt:-~ j ~) ,,~~ ~v L ..:) JJe~ r} It IYo (' uJ ~.Jt. 2._
1"J~j
v!.tj~~~~

) '.P
(1)Philip Mason.:A matter of Honour. NoTWl"C'l'l.
1974.P.29.
(2)Herbert,Compton :European .Military Adventurers,
Karachi. 1976.P.9.
(3)Shelford Bidwell :Sword for Hire. Lon~o~-.
(4)C.Grey. 197J.P.ll. 7,f: ~~ (5)
:European Adventurers in Northern 338,f: ct:1(6)
. India. Lahore 1929.P.2~. . . ,,, I
48v : ~ (7)
222,f :"~I (8)
12,f: ,-/(9)

H.G. Keene.:Hindustan under free Lances. (10)


. , Shannon. 1972.P.P.13-16.
11,f : "-J~ (11)
6,f: ,-/(12)
371 ,f : J: 1(13)
364-358-357-351-347:'"' "~I (14)
13,",:J.J~
400-398 : J: /(15)
339-388,",: H~I (16)
-189178-157-141,",: H~I (17)
130

216-183i./ :"~, (18)


22 i./ :"~, (19)
28-16i./ J.:J~29-15 V: "~, (20)
68-65 i./ :J;1(21)
77 i./ :"~, (22)

106 i./ :"~, (23)


100-92 i./ :"~, (24)

248 i./ :"~, (25)

215 .r "~,(26)
131

:1I-~ .',/."'."
uV-JPiui - r: - .. 4« tf., ~1}:.)JJI.l~1
,-I v-~V'JPi'-..l.~ ~'VI
.1
?-).1J J'I):. tJ/} L tJk u _LJ'Z /~ ~..:)~ )JI~ J-:'.l/
If' )JIif)~I/)I}1 J~IJ~)JI ~;lrV 'cr 1:)") r tJk L tJ~l
L I);/.IX;; i _;JI L)JJ JI..&:I-~ J'Z ( ... J:. ..:)~
1P. I}:.)~
)JI'f- crJ
J~12....L ~V'JPiJI I}:.lfl Oi _; )JI)~ r .::.Jj jJ _;

-v.r a ~~~
)JI

;;~
t
~t:-tl '...f I)V v.:J)~1~
I(';:'Jvl"f
L;:/. t.-h-- )y?
~
oj 1;:1
J:~"-~
I(vi '~
v.:J'7

v~11(
cC ) p,,) ~ 4f1~
L ~)IP
15/.I/. I}:...:)~.s c)V'JPi
~I 'JV'JPi

(1)_Z- £..1):. '-AL '~I; pjIJ/-IJ'" L If'Po'f- CJ'Z~J;~I


~~;;~~ L tJ~JJ:.~; L I)V v.:~1 L cI J.I
¥- ~ ~ r J' ~~ '"~~ ~I 'f'f- '" J:.'-)~ L p.
0;z,-.))JI~}Uil u ''f- JJ'Z"..;f 01ff!" J~ 0if- ''f- CJ'Z~IJ
Po")(;1 L 1f;J~)JIj,1}! u r.) If')JI'f- ~ r
r~gllV' )JI
f'f- LJ'Z JG' vi u ''f- c£J u/'v.r e..~-t)j L t!'i.' L 'vl
.r
(2)_£)p,,!;)!1P L J)j )JI/lr-'":,,JI '..;..G
tJJJI C '-.:)~
~JPif 'f-I))J/'"f ~L,;J ~/'If' uk
_;I)I/.~ ~I';:'J If' vlr ~I
I(~V'JPi ifu 'if)~1 L cJJ)! )JI

J:.~V'JPiYo..:)~ J'" -~?I}:.tJP.,f ~ j;rJ 0:"" )JI~ vlr


L if-,J ..:)~SP. ~I U 15J ~ L fyl L ~I )JI 0it/ f
2....1f1 _z- LJ'Z ~jJ~ )JI~j (Ii 0-" )JI t')j (Ii L )i~ If;
132

v;L if.~cC1"~ ~ if.. - ~~ J ~.n' ";:".IA} ',/- ....p


(.? L1' e- v!.If ";:".IA}'~.I(".-L ~JJ 1.1' y..IJ'~ ;~".I' I('::)JJ
Vi' -{eJ'}7J L if.'~[if2 ..;:.,'AI .IJ'..;:.,~~ 'u~Y At~ ~ c£
~ I UJ1(iJ'.I; ,Jv~ L if. .IJ't.! jJ1";:"~,J uill'L (l)' J
O;Jll(...p,J V' s.T-AU: y.t.! ~~,J (.If v! J.~ L v' -t.! JI
:cJi~ 2... v' -t.! j.fZ~ .:.::-.j~.IJ'PJ/v! if. -t.! jJ1 Ji
,}'- vJi eJY ,J eJV'JPi"b...'JI(eJ' '- J;~ j).j i Li v! eJV'JPi
"
eJ' -t.! ,J ,.y, .IJ'Ati' ~~.I' y.IJ.'J I ~~ J~";;; 1.1' L U';' .IJ'
L J't! I eJl), ~~ ~ 'v? uiJJ ~j~ .IJ'J!'v! ~~ 1.1' 2... L
? (Ii2...LLb:...;'it-{)J,Jv; {/J..c; 't.! j1'r~..;:.,L;,y(1i
~1'r~J't! J Jv; J'ij .IJ'JI.? y.~~ 0:' ...p i:..Jft". v! V'
LU";' i J),t".~1 UJ~ 2...0" 'T- ti~ tJ.1( wfI A ILl;y' ,-'
-Y1'.I~'{)}Y/~~v'
V' OJ '-":;J,J do Iv? If..;:.,~y.J
.IJ!.",..;:.,~ 0/ JJ OJIJi L V'
1.:)' v! J..c; j-"f .IJ'lS.I~J.l1( ,J 1.:)' L~ If.l!?'; J..c; V 1.1' f L".
V' .IJ'.i...;;:-~I:.l. {.Ii' lSJI.... '-1.:)' OJ 2._ v"~ [~'- ,.y, "b...'JI(
/ .::&..;:.,~ -=--1.:)' .IJ'U"./.'/.
oj '- J;~ tJ.r- Jl .i...;;:-, tl;y' I.I~

ji#f ,Jdt.v A.i...;f". ~ If J'J v! ~ 1.1' OJ ~~ ':'.IJ',./-


L if.'i:.. L1' ..;:.,"/,J 1.1' OJt.! OJ"-' 1'J~~j,J (" L ?
JJ1 ~ ....c; ~ lSAU: ~,J ~ 't.! j". cJ~I.:);"J' d; J eJ~ v~
, -~~t1"~>'.I~J~v!~}IrZ,?-~ ,J";:;'Jv"t.!
~":;J...p,JL1'.I!?' IJ.;:;;) ;j' ~It jV'JPi 'OJIJi L 1.1'
.IJ'u.t?- o~ OJ 2._ 1.1' -I j". f .:;,-I. i.J ,J d' v! ,.'M' f 1 If
L". ./t:- '- ..;:.,}Ir V L 1.:)' OJ'-":;J,J if..i... ;;:-.1 ~ v! ujIJi
.. ..
_Lf.ll.#l,-I.lJ1
133

j.Jl{ ~ .JJIif ,f- ~It. uk-- S ( "f v;


L ~I' I.)! ~_,;
(( s' V- ~I 2... VI -~ z:« / ~J L (~J~ 2... L .::-~!/
eJ~j f if jy; ~ f S~I .JJI~ ;£.1 cfj j.Jl{ u '~,f- ~~( 0;/.

'L~1~J ';-, ~IJ.JJI L~ Jlf..:)JJ 'v.:~


J .::-~!/j.Jl{ eJ~j ~
-~ ?-.J.f' ~ J ~ ~I .JJI~;£.J .::-~ 7-~ (~J~ ~ 2... VI
~ L~• y; .JJJ.:A ~ ..:,j~ Vtt.,I.JJIJ;:;_I"'Po
I ".
.. L Li ~~Jk;
"-' .J1j/. .::-/lrV 1;;' v! '-/lr j.?1 -fi rv J> 2... L ~I .JJI
d~S~~Jk; eJ ~I -~ Cn I~ iJP J:~Pol.)! J~j S ~I 2... VI 'vE-
L ~I Po L 1r.J V- '-/lr J~ ~ 4-J -~ L.f'" ~ u~J/
-I.J1.J.JJJ~ u#.JJI UJ.JI'; J~ f~ ,Jt t 2...
Jj1J~2...LP ~d- ~ C~~U;JJ(I/.JJI (~~V (~I

'u.Ju ~~j o.J~ S~J vI L U,,)I 2... vI -~ ~~j S ~I s» OJ

-~ z.),v! u.,dJ. .JJIU;~jJ~ S~I uP~(II .JJI tf:


L ~I ~ LJ~J~ ~ (~ L vI .JJI.::/f ,f r.) o.J{ U .

-fi ( vlJ} DJ ..f,[ ~ (~I UJ.JIJIL vI .JJI..:;,;;f J~Jk; V- JJ


(

.JJI~ ~ "-' (~ .::-~!/~' i ,:,


~ L ~J~ ~ ~I .JJI~ ~ cf. ,.p
2... L ~I '7-) L zC q :ti' ..k ~ 2... vI '--1/ J:~ 1;;' If' ;.;
, -~?-~.f' y; 4 ~I 2v L ~I eJ -~ o.JV' ~ (fi.~ (II .JJI(~

UJl?
V-..:,j~ J~Jk; fJ'i' 1;lJ.J,t.JJIuJJt L if.'~J OY. ~ ~
~ ( u!.f "I.)! fl'-y'I'~ t.f'ek:oJ~ ~ ui.Jl J~ uk u ~.f' (
'~L~ J.JI ~ J~" 2... L uJj~ .JJI~jtJ. ';-, OJ f~ Jr'I
.:A~,f-I V-Po~ S)~I ~~if.. ~LUJ{../I V-.JJJJ''-y''J1~
~~Jk; L J{ 2... v"~ CY;.:A V (r I.)!.::-)r' vI _f,[1~ (:_.,
134

(3)-V/ OJ~.:;..1)').1;JIP OJ s:~~ 1-:/.;tJ. L Jf' f""u 1 (~ L


U~J~.:;..1)').1; J~ .lJ'I:)~ JIP L -:/.;tJ. L Jf' v' Po L v'
u! 1:)'...:1;L "y' I:)~ L I:)Y' J" L Jf')''v L ~~ tv!
J!..;:.I J:~r 1:)' .lJ'L J!iy.I J J, t,./!, u! ~;lrJr tv!U~J~
OJJr I:)V-J~u! OV v._r:i' Yo (FANY PARKS) ~~ Ji 'Lx
o Lj J~ .lJ'oj d~ u! ~;b.--jV-J~._f":::;Jv' r 7- (if
~ J} L if. (Col. Gardner);j/( J.f -~ r~~.f J}.I OJ~
:f""u L)! k> ~ Lv' 1 "fOJ~':;""::'-.1;I:)~
OJ'7- JJ1 -t.lj L I,;" G"Yo OJ~"f JI.-1.1J' l:)ilV I:)~ -f'"
L ~ L ~ (.I = .[.1; if.'7- j;G" .I; u' u! ~ v'
'(4)ttL~ r, ',._,I •
• I) J ...lJ

7- k"ah..(d'...:IVLv' .lJ';j.l( J.f{.I} vI; L~~Ji


o;j/(J.f'v! OU~J~u!~L"Y'I:)~ LdV-J~Lu?
.lyrC(t ( if. -1 JJ1':;" OJ,/ 0'1:)'...:1; O'~ If"L ~~'OJ~
HEDER) .:;.._r.i .lJ:!':cJi ...f'1!- OJ~ "f ~ "f v' .lJ' ~ ,,(...01'
JJ1 .:;.. (HERSEY
0'.1 (G" " "'r"'j ,;-' 'PoL OJ~,,(...01' .1';(5)-1
u! d'...:1;O'~ ~ U~~ 01:)'.1)' 0{ ..:iJ.) JIY'~; 0uLJ tt' .lJ'
d-' -V:J1':;" uLJ d~ J!u~~ 0uIJ L;j.l( JJ(6)....J!J1
Lj ~/ JJL v' 1~I -:-->L" ~ ~ 'o~"f(AllenGardner);j/(
.J, oj OoP d~'V ~J,/ J'" OJ~0JamesGardner);j.ll(viJ
OJ~O.l.lt?cI~'~ dY; L JJml f 'f- = ~ (v' -JJ1 .:;..~ j~
L OJ~ I!-.:;..vI i IJ.'J.:;..'L u";1~ -1JJ1':;" ~ "f v'
L;jl( J.f-'J1':;" I:)~ OJ'/'_?: (1:)'" v' 'LJ1 P J"'}
eJ~

OJ,/ j '~.f L)''v ';-'.:;.. ~ t,./!, .lJ'~)''v (OJ'/ u! ~ v'


o;j/( JJ(7)-J.fUJ~.:;..v'u!Po.lJ't J"")''vL;j/( viJ
135

~ ePfl 'V "5J~ S ;1/{d''''' 'J11v! c.I'~1V Oi~ tJJ~ Sub


;1/{-J11 J.lY L ~IJ) Jt:--J~oJ~ Sv"~ rj reP c.lV:-Yo J11
(8)-'f- ~ J'" 'tJ)IJ;t) S VI f~ } ",..::..~
c.I'~1V~~ VI /
VS c.I' f ~.;..
11 Ltf S u~t:--J~ J1~J~j -:r ub~ c.I'
c.I" tr..::,.;~
Jt:--JPiv!)I_';)JI..::..V' ..::..L"...J
v!u~ L c.I' .JJI,f
;j/{ L ~~J! -~ 41t.L Jt:--JPiv! J~j V .JJI,;; v~L
jt:--JMv! .11»1 J ..::..IJ~'~ di.J .7;-' OJ f 'f- "" v!'-A L c.I'~1V
(.7 )JJ_,/ L c.I' 'i:.. L.Jlj' J~j Ltf S UJJ!? Jt:--J~ .JJIi:.. ~ 11
J (.I Jt:--J~ 'u0' J Lj L c.I' s: Ltf Sc.I'~1V {-JI L cJ~JPz
.If S_)\JJ ~ UJY ~.JI S c.I' .JJIs: L~~; .d L ~IJ.J
J! -i/ ~ L;j.J( JJ(9)_v!' k.~SeJ", )JI v!' J'I.Jv! o)Ib
c.lk".IJLui.Jl 500 'V v! tJJOAlOO/ ..::..1.1V!" ftl ~ vS~
C11 '11yf
(lO)ttU11 ?

....fi~ L (RHEINHARDT)..!,..j.J~ dl.J Oi~ L -:V.J?


~I 111rj Yo ~ VI '1JIJ i;-.J S ~ J/ Yo S tJJ~ ~ "::".11c.I~

'J11~ V ,h.I? tJJ~tJ/ JJS vI -~J",:,,1b7 r "':"~ L e~J~f


'L11 2{.J"":"'"iJ Jl.-: L uJ:t/t(ll)-,f 11Jl.-: v! Po .JJI! c.I~ Yo

~ Jt (HERVEY)'-M v! f'1680'~ If J.ttlJ Ju~j ~~


. -v!' ~£~.JltJ~~L./
~I '1v! ;;f L f'yl L c.lt:--JM ~IJ.J Yo S ;£.1 (.7 '-i~
.::.-'"~Jr- .JJ' J~....fi l/, (.7 v! f'yl":::;J vI ~.Jb" L L)JJ!
'Jr c.I~~ v! V"~)"; Yo r (.7 '1
'J.ttlJ 'U~..f.:'tJ.JJe.J~'..::..~~
~ .I? ~ (t L j,lJI v!cJt:--JPi Yo j,ljI i:.. Li ctjJJ, .JJIY -?'j
'11 )1"..", u_,i~ ~ / (~Yo v!' U~..f.: ~ L vI -~ r£ (.7 .JI~~
" )JI ~ ~ t:fl L "::"Jf-I.J ...{I Yo;C 1 {_Ji.J? .JJI~ v!' " / tJ.Jj
136

L (7(12)-v! ~ .J114...I.(.7 L 1.1''" .J? '- (t L ~~ .Jfr


.J~J.JI ,J (.7 s» v! d~JPz ~J 1.1' j~ y.1( (.7 v,...t .11,.- .11,.-
d' ...I.'" .JJI~,:, Jy. Jt '-UJ~ /- 'V/U{ 'Vl.J ...I. lSAt.J
L u~I/'::-~'J.J (Iid' - ojJ ojJ 'L!,J c.t! PJI ...I. '-.J~ L
-" ~I:;'tf
¥ f ,J -=<:~ ,J.::-~1.1' dl.JJJL .::-itJ. '- ~ .:;j..JL J,ljIf
2... 1.1'''f- ""';ilV L ",:,IJ; y.' Vl ~J y;"-:<-} .:A L (.7 L 1.1' lSr
,JL! "-:<-i LvII !,.JJI ~ L".JJJ4- L Lj L vl.JJI L 1.1'
I( JJ y. (CHARLES METCALF) .....;~ ,j.J~(l3)_<fc.t! .::-j!'

u~J~JPz,J 1.1"" U~.J ...I." I.::-.J~} '...I. i~ .J~~ '" ~~~.J


s
J- d.J eJ 'f- C! 1I'l5/ ...I. f1820 y.~. c.t! ~;; ...I. ~.J~ L
(14)1,- dl.t1VL

" Lf.J~' !.tj V .JJ'..:)~ J~JPz :Jt'- -?J,J ub~d'


_I_,rJ I" d,l( u~~._;,j;I L..:)~ J~JPz '- -?JJJ.1 _,r.J,f.

{:)J.JI( u;rJ' d~JPz ...I. uyf L d' ',- -?J J u'}.J1J~JPz


t
)j.Jt Jf y. vS~~~ _,r LrJ' u:t!i L el' ~ -?J,JJ.'I_,r
(15)-LrJ'LrJ' J~JPz""';/ ...1./LvI L vl_<f elv,J
e~ '- (t L LrJ' I (~.JJl/fyl f" (:)J.J-: ...I. .JJJ~
£ J.~ L 4-/ 'i-' ,-,jI)' 7- ,:,IV~.JJ~1;;' u Jr " Cf tJ. J~tJl
~~:C.JLJJ{~'vf' f ,-,jI)' 7-t''})IVJu;V 'i-'.JJIvf'
dV ~J L LrJ' f" .JrJ -: u~L v' .JJ'if J!tJ.?.J,J.J~ 51
(l6)-e:.z....f ~rJ'Of
137

u~i.v"J!~~~.JJ''f-Ly;J!~ 'Y;J~i IY rv~


.JlrL v~ U~J'~t;'.:-}lr V J~J~ u! I.)}J.)~/JJ L 1.).,),
OJ i LlJ fUV ~ L (HEBER) d ~'~y;J~J~ OJ J!u!
(17)_~~.I JJ~' J1~.lJ'~ Ly; ~;J' W J.lr f .lJ'J~
C)!jtJ,

)J'I.)y"rJ'j,;-'u! i;;y.;;f -: r f!/' u! ~}lr U)'~!


~ L'lj'i tf(rr ( If"~;-~ ,;-' Jj )J' 'f- ~ (;JJ, i. L.::/.Ai
J'j~' .I'J ~ .lJ'/-'fi f~ C)J.I -: J! u! cJ~J~ i. VI ''f-
~;;f r..:<) V' i~ -:Sct;JJ,'~ Lf~ (1JJ, i~ 1) i. L.:i/'.Ai
(r"'1.)Y;'1'''V Yo )J' v!~ ~ y J.I(;J) V~L if- 1Ji
'y;l:)~ JI.)Y";JJ,V~L/".11 ~ -?J J.:-.7.' I:)' V' 'i;.. Lf
J£ 'f- 0') ..!-Jr) ~ ~ u! J; JVlr ~yi -:Jct;JJ, 'I Jf
U,...r )J';( {J;). Llf J(r....;.lr)J' ~ ~ Y.~ r UJ~i
DJY; ~

(;JJ, -: L .I,~! -v!' Jy; tL;. J!'Jj,I J v' I.)~'~ ti) ...J~ u!
t;' Lf.::/.Ai J'jJv' ~ 'VI i:.. ?-.lI.)~'j L UJ?j J ....6~
)J'

~ ~ Jf-:u! J; S~}lr.f i:.. ~ J; i ~ r cJ'.t1; ,;-' .lJ'


L.::/.Ai J'j~' .lJ'~vi'e;.:'G ~ OIP~Jlr Suk L I.)J:t)i'i:.. ~
u~ J.~ L.lhvL'; Yo / ~ r ,;(r lie .£.1 (1JJ, i~ 1) 2....
.7.L)~~ i:...£.1 "-' (;JJ, 63 i. L.::/.Ai J'j~' L v"~ ~ A.J~
_i;_Lf~ (;JJ,u!i;;J ...fIOO
(;JJ,~ i.LJUf~J.:P f~ .I;'--J-:~.I) JI; ':::;Jv'
...J~~' 'I Jy; 0: JLJ" Yo 'L S~ IIJ f~ -:(rr if- ~ U'y;
138

-:-,-f J~ J~( ~JI.JJ' Ll (,/1:P -Ll L,r L~ lJ' V


~ J"..IP ctjtJ, (Li Po L LJllJ' IiL! L)!..:;,/JA ;-v L G"i ,;-'
.) Yl ,-y~ JY'IP v~
L G"i ,;-' ';-I.JJI L)! '-/ LYl2... z, zs
(l8)-L1I ~'L S:P
L! .; -.G. ;-v L L)~G"i,;-' 'ctj tJ,u! L)y.j J~Jk L) if-
L!L ctjtJ, 2_ L.::/.JP ;-v ,;-' u!( A/'A rJ[ L) 0" s:
(STEWART) ":"'l'~' ( V' ;-v L t.:Jc"{ -flu! ,,}780 He -"
LYl ~J lJ' (~'&.Iv ~t '&.Iv 'JJ'J Lf JII. ~ Sv~'ltlJ~
'~!p u! t.:JLv L v' e: Ll), t.:JLv ( v' y. J 155 eJ~ L v' '~
-,J JYl J~O!oj.'2.... L /I1JJJ.JJ' L)~ / 'L~
S t.:JIlJ' ctjtJ, L V' lJI t.:J'.;;1P :t/i s-r ~ L vS~J'!
LJ1l5l~ ictjtJ,Z-' 2... Lt.:J'.;;1P(' (j'( f tf-l5J o::/) SL),r''-
-Vl L,r if- &J~j ~ V' ':'.JJ
A~-::"-.J.J 12 ~ Cfl~ u-,,~jIf cJ~L..- (rr vI u~l)IV-1

A~-::"-.J.J 8 tfJ"- ~ If....;./. .JJI ",:,,1) <j~ h/ -2


A~- ::"-.J.J 7 Ii C~!)f v~ LY- h./ r UJ.J~'»-3
A~-::"-.J.J 6 ~ Cf.Jui::I rf tJ'v~ LY- tf -: .J( ..:,.;'.»";t -4 .
..;~~ - ::"-.J.J 12 L{..JJ~
-5

AL - ::"-.J.J 4 L{..JJ~";t-6

A~- ::"-.J.J 4 ,j:>' -7


A ~- ::"-.J.J 8 ~J'J-8
A~-::"-.J.J 8 iJIJLf u7' -9

A~- ::"-.J.J 8 ujjJ -10

AL - ::'"-.J.J6 uj.JJ ..;t -11

..;~~ - ::"-.J.J 10 F -12


139

F ~t-13
AL - =7J.l4 Iil)J~~ S1.);)j>. J': -14
AL - =7J.I 8 Iici.ll)~r Sl)t.lI)I-:
AL - ~.:.u6 Iil) (!lVI I(~J.I -: .I,.a~t -16

AL - ~~.1 24 i:L) J(;J Sij .IJ1 i:LtJ:~ j>. .Ii: 6-17

AL-~~.I4 _lI/-18

AL -=7J.I 5 tJIJLI~ .I;~ -19 .

tJ1JL./ -20

JL -21
JL~t -22

AL -._z"~.12 J -23
...
*-~J.l2 JIJ;;::" a. a,L I.)J},1-24
My ..

,,;J! i:stf-25

.::....
~l? L =7J.I 3 LIJ L~",118-27

If: -28
AL-~~.I4 If: ~t-29
AL-~~.I8 I!'x -30
I!'x ~t -31

J -32
.I,....r£-33
M Y

'-Ai/. .IJ1 s: L~) L l)~{j>. If'42 -35


(20)i: L)-"Ji,' 1V-
140

.n' / of ~IP Jir S~~JPi f 7- cc: ! 1~ej'~' ~ 1)"


f1858 ft.)' :ti' -fI_i:.. L! .,r k'" JI,..-' ~.; U.,rr/ (.I;' JC)!jJJ,
~, j ~ (j JJ,I)'~L u~, I.)! Jlp; .I;' 1)" L 1)" .JJIl'~~
JPi v!

/- (jJJ,"£ ~.,J.J 4 ~ ~.,J.J 12 f tf -=. ( e'j- ~I ~.1 l.,r../. IX


I.)' s» -:I.)! ~1)?" L jJ.J(21) -tj.l J! J!? S1)" j 'IA L!,
Jt 'cJrLv' 'or Jt L v' 'e~ K r v' (~'ef.l'~ (jJJ, r v'
(./;p r v' »:» r v' 'ef ..f! J~L v' Jt p.L ~t 'ef _;~
'.,r o!4 .IJ''-.I~ 'A.I:i; 1218 )'1,..- L 1)" j e! jJ 'e 1)Lf OJ ~

(22)_i:..Lf

l.5)y

f / If-:.:V~...f' SJ'x .IJ' J J'j I.)! vir ,;'A~!


rL'J ~ J~ 'L~ 1/)' If.. uAy'4f",; 4f"~.J. L~ ~ If.! J~
v' tf Lu~':Jr 2... v' _I) ef'",_?.::A J: Vlr..f/
/'::"("J.I
L I)".JA "e '/ j)'.,r.::f; J ~~ tjJ If I.)! J)y S~"I/.Jh"
i:.. z:« ~ Y.lf I.)! if. I) r.,r;;J -fI ( u.,c;lI J'j I)'~L J{.Jv
.; UJ~ L 1)" .IJ' / J.,r,,::.,J )'V L v' j I) r! Ji~ If~ OJ

Lf J~'/.,,-:.J)i_r.' L ~ / Sv' .IJ'-: i:.. L.,r 2.(.(1) '-.I~


(23)_i:..
-I~ ,-.~ 1/""&
V i ~fi~ OJ ~ ~ ~ ~~.1 D J~I ...v-/ (BOB PETT) ~ ",:",.1.
Suy"jJJ,~! S,:-j L_/L
'

'j)(Ut- tj ~~, ft J.,r.lUz; U)JJ


(24)_1)~ I.)! J)y )'1,..- L I)";;J -fI rUJ.I'y.:I
j' (I.)! J)r S1)""£ ~ I) ~ vf fi~..£';:)J I)":t)i-fl
'-/ '-/ JJ ~ '-/ ...f' L ~~~, f ..£ uk -u.,r 'y u:! ( ';.1
141

VI Ly;2...1; JLS.tftJl .If f...f ~ Ii c~~ ...f ~ ,.f ...f


Jy; U~;.JJI J~',-J,( v;L Jr Ii 2... vl'~ ~ Lr L
'J~',-J,I.J~ 4- v;L j,lj'r _Ii c./I/r u ~.Jj L J'-(25)'v!'
'v! J; I)!J~I L ~I.tl; L vI .JJIL vI Yo' v! u~J( .JJIU~;
50 ~ 40 .JJI I( UJ.JIY'\;.?'Lr. J Uy'!j .d'v L VI j C)j
~J u~ fi~

Ly; t'" '"" uiJJr..JJI UJ;: -: 'i:... LY;.JIY' "' UJJ,(.JJI J~ ~jJJ,
(26)-i:...

J.llY; JJ) .JJIU.Ju ~~; S ~!/'I)!~ AJf LSi; 'I)! cJlr~


S
I)!~~; (j~f If'""ct;JJ, .JJ'Ii C~ '""~, J".,'J I(uJ:t/r J;;-l
.::,.t,;'J~' .s: ..,:;1'J~ '"" u}~j u}JJ cJ' u 2... v' '/ J~ jf ~~
~./~ fJf~ ~ J:. cJ~j ~'J} u~ L JJ.J'o.Ju U f V!,.f
JJ.J' .JJ'O.Ju (GEORGE THOMAS) ife [:.,.J~Yo ( .I? He 'i:...
J; j JIJI/(FRNAK LINE) ,j'-j.J" i'Y'~' L vI Ii Oi.-r}
.:;A;C I~ Ii 01.'"" JIJ.J LSzJJ) .JJ'O)U -: f ~ LJ' LSJr J~
J; ,..7.; lSJ'I I(if./ I)!U.JU J;";"; Lt' .L V' Ii t4if U.)i J!'
(27)_1/2... :t)

"re z:.. .J~' -r'_,;-?¥' L':::;J vI .L 1)";1 ,.f I,)! -r'l ~


c;' If-:V
L A.JJ L e~J~ ,"".I} (~ Yo i:... L~ .J~.JJ J ~!/'~
un tJ~ .JJ'~!/'u I)~ 'Ii C./'y;1,)! j~ .J~.JJ <I(;t "Ii Cy;",:,/
I)i~ I( rl- i;_ L~ £.1 J;) -r'l (Ii v! A.JJ(28)_" Cl ~
I)! .J~.JJ
142

_i:
lie s: £.1 .f.J~' tf Jl? (VL FY' L u,..:, lJ' 0"
jJ..t'...;JJ~ ui'J SUJ.J;~ '~.J~ '~;L/.JJ' v.i- '/.;f'~P
r
_r/ u!JJ.J' J U.JG'tJ1...g u! U.ifI?'tJ1
't~? 'tlJ'~~-v! JJ1lJ' tS FY' tf tf ~J~ tS~,
J (s,t .JJ' i: L~ { uilJ v.:'
FY' ~LJ..-'" '~ » .JJ'~ .J~r u}~
(29)2 L.f ~ ('h{ L ~ JI' J ,f.J

.JJ'i: £. J1J~u! ;;f L 'Y' ~ tf :t.Ji u! .JJJ~ oj;


~~u,7 ;-lr- ;-lr- L J" J ,;'j '~ /.(~~ ~~ S .r v.:' D~J~

viJ J.f')~';:? ~ ~~ tS D~J~ .r I;C, lie e.L.f 0. tf


I/., if ~{,J I'~' L v' c.-" 0. ~1b7 r ...$.";~ '.JJL-!;C,
-~
)~,
f ~1b7 r _;~(30).~

J?J~~
~vt; J....; u! loSv v.J18u! ";"'0. v' L u~~ ~ .JJI Uh_./t
~ _!.JJ' .,:;,i:t J~J~u .JJ',f J., JJ1 loS.JJJ
u! ~, ~; ~; .JJ'JJ1
~~J~ ..:tJ1.57. ~ ~ v! ~~y.J J;! tSJ....; v' £.~ LJ1 D~

v',f uk-- ~ ~.J'J' J)( -f' J{ ~(~, uk-- r J{ v!


I.:)'.":::;~
-=i:)'~j.JJ'.?C A.JLuL; u!~~~y.d:-jo.LJ{ ~'~..:tJ
,J} y. ~ ~ v' i: L; L.f r} ":)JJ .JJ' L.f .;:/, u! ~~J~
/'J' uP! L (}rtIf..~ ,;-' .JJ'" CJ1~;;f ~j,y r~, i: L;
143

J;S (;,112.... vl(3l)-! J"~ JJt;,.. Jf d~L (;,IIs: Lf~ r


L (;,I~JPi = f !~ = r.t (;,II!J,,", ~n.- JJI ~ ~I S (;,II
j'. L p. L fyl,.J JfJ~I J;:;.l} S(;,IIJJIfl. J / r.t Un
r.t (;,IfL" ~vti
...t. !':;;IJ Jli:h -J/ _:, '-15v '-l:J18Jyf
"-J~ L u.i~JPi =JJr elf 2_ vf ~ ~ ~ J;1U,-t7 ~f L.;:.,j ok--
(32)_~ " ~vt" J.? r.t
(;,I~J-'1 f! = u J" ~v15JJJr.t .;:.,l;.bi ~ if- -?J 15/ JJ
un (;,If'f- JrJ", J} (~f~ JJf s:" ~v~;:i.J SuJ~ r.t
t.zJ ...P ..Jf '- uJ~~ JIP JJI ~Jf ~v t;;~i L1-" 8~ ~f L
(33)_~% C"f~ f'- elf Ju-fJI((;,If'- vf ~f ~v
ti LUy J~ r.t (;,I~J-'1jt,. .Jot,. L..:)u, ok---?J tJd
u.i~J-'1 L u';f L~ ~~JI.-:/ u.i~J-'1 s,S J"/JJf ~f ~v
~ / uJJf JIP Lu';f Jf! J~ S~ ~;,JJf e:. J:!.", ~f;' L
-'-l:JJf! '-l:JfJJ-t7 r.t ~ L.;:.,j ~;, vf ~;~ '- UY!J/ ~f
(34)

,_r.,f.;: Jfpi Su'iJI ~ r.t (;,I~J-'1...t-ji L 15v '-l:J18


C" f ~ L ;!fJJ#. ~f JJf t.f 15J~'- u'iJI ~~J-'1 '- -?J S
r .;:.,LYJJ .;:.,~fJJJIP JJf ~J Jt I(J,-
JrL -?J S15~:t_.If'~
(35)_u!! "
I(

/ u;/. Ji r..t. uJ:t_./t L V'L?f L u;/. S~;, JJf":)U, ok--


S Lff~f 15;/.Ji {J} vI; L p. (;,I!/ Jt r.t (;,I~JPi ~f~
. Jf}JI( £. J ;fj'. Jo;f f rf"f JJf vIP !J:yt,. L (;,IfJL S J"f
.;:.,~~(;,IfL(WELLESL Y 'fI798) J?J JJf (CARNWALLIS 'fI780)

Sf~ ':;;IJ r.t (;,IfL.f8~ '- uJ2~J-'1 f uJ:t_.If Jjf 15Jf,,~'p f


-Sf~.;:.,j '-~_;;; .JJf..:)~J(!:.-J-'1.f ~Li LZo'
144

UJ:r_Ji':::;J v' Ji Po L....6. Jfl857 J....;~ Lt UP.·U}JJ


~!.I 0:., .lJ' '~J~ .r u! c.I~Jk .e: L v:! .I~' O"~ Y/
.:~J91857 ~ " I.)JJ~ JJ~ ~ c.I'..:..~ L c.I'.n' v! Jr.".
LA" .lJ' ~~ ,J.'.J d O"~ -fi -J/ _;2... L c.I~Jk J'
(;? J~Jk .lJ' "(;G':r_)i ~ P! L v' ! d -fi J!u! cJ'~
,f~~J/ tJ1 r i ,,~~
J~Jk 'J; /. J~~J:r.Ji ~ ~ v' .lJ'

f~ V'J~'L ..:../Ir V J..:)~ J(i ~ij Lt c.I~J~ ~ ~.lJ'

-J.fJ,~ u;:7. «.t'

, '1. Bernier, F.:Travels in the moghal'Empire AD.


1636-1663, London, 1914. P.3.
2. Sleeman, W.H.:Rambles and Recollec-tion of
Indian official Karachi, 1973.
P.339.

3. Kincaid,Denis:British social life in India (1608-


1937) London, 1938. Reprinted
1973, P.58.

4. Fany Parks.:Wandering of a Pilgrim in Search


. of the Picturesque. Vol. i
Karachi, 1975. P.412.
5. Holman.Denis.Stkanda- Sahib. London
. 1961.P.228.
6. Fany Parks, i, P.412.

7.· Ibid. P.90; Sleeman, P.P. 345-47.

8. Keene. H.G. :Hindustan under Free Lances.


770-1820. Shan on, Ireland, 1972.
P.152.
145
9. Fany Parks :i, P.P. 390-97,413.
10. Ibid, P.90.
11. Sleeman. P,595.
12.· Holman, Denis, P.161.
13. Thompson,
Edward :The making of the Indian
Princes. London. 1978.P.P. 183-
4. ,
14. Ibid., P.184.
15. Fany Parks, i, P.393.
16. Jacquemont.
Victor :Letters from India. Vol.ii, Karachi,
1979.P.241.
17. Thompson, P.183.
18. Kincaid, P.93.
19. Ibid, P.94\
20. . Fany Parks, i, P.P.209-1O.
21. Jones, Capt. Oliver,
J.R.N. :Recollections of a Winter Campaign in
India in 1857-58,London; 1859.
P.125.
22. Kincaid,P.97.
23. Ibid., 1>.97.
24. Mudford,Peter :Birds of Different Plumage.
London, 1974.P.69.
25. Ibid. P.68.
26. Bidwell,
~!lelford :Swords for Hire. London,
1971.P.128.
146

27. Keene, P.140.


28. Holman, Denis,P.228.
29. Ibid., P.230 :Mudord, P.62.
30. Holman, Denis, P.228.
3l. Thompson, 1H2.

32. Kincaid. P.149.


33. Edwards,
Michael :British India. London, 1967.
P.34.
34. Ibid., P.34 :Kincaid, P.145.
35. Edwards, Michael, P.33.
36. Ibid., P.32-33.
147

Jj S':;'.Ilf uk -~ J.llf .:;,~ JI~I L I:)~J~ .IJI 'T.I!

v.:J16_Li :el' .IJI~'}


',.sf" v-p!A .IJILf,l~1 'JJ.I 'Jt! ~
l,df .IJI~J -: ~ U~J~;'l L ':;'.Ilf Yo ~ .IJ' -:.I~f V- Jv
Yo ~J J~)' (V ~.Ij L....t ( -f1 L 1;.Ii..1;:.;;(1 'T{ _,f Yl ,J>
.IJI s, r?
JJ) I:)~.IJ L J'' " w' eJ!
.IJI JYl..:A1.1J
~ ':::;JvI
_tl./Jt" cJ~~
SuJ?'CI:)~.IJL I:)~J~ .IJI'T.I! ~ v-,;.. L.:;,~ J.llf
I././'"i -,_ft'x .:;,L,Lv S'T.I! JI V- '-.I~ L I:)~J~]
JYl t,.,) ..IJ
J~J:.J~/ V- ,1235_IYl t,.,) tYl .Jl,;.1 V. .:;,L,Lv 1:)1~ ,j.v
L) ~ .:;,L,Lv V- '-.I~ L I:)~J~ L (JOHN MANDEVILLE)
r rI:)Y-J~ .:;,L,Lv-: L VI k"f1l4,,_i -:L VI --?fi -k",i ,,_if
L I:)~J~ V- I:)~j ~ 1) V- ,1330~) I:f ~ ,j'1 v.r S~IP L f
J.lJ~Jt (Odovicus) JJ'JjJI fYo vft ~cr~; 4- ;; V. '-.I~
~I I:)I.lJJL vI .IJI~ k"r r~ ,;~~ tfi LvI -v! '":"'? ~
Po L vI _~ V',i v! ....~ ";-,~I -v! JYl ~IP .:;,L,Lv Yo
L J>. .lJ1 ~ ?C -f1 r ~J f Yo 'f- Cl (t r ~J) .IX V. ,1563
-~ k"r r~ "!"II~ v.1:)~~
(1)
~ L I:)~J~ Yo -~ oj if' if~eJ ki v-I:)~ J~ Yo JI ~
148

)'v L ~~J~ fr.,! JJ. ~" .zCr~..JPol ";"~,;-' .0' ~i..E tJill
t~ ~ V- t'v" v' L.I (V ..::.-1lW J)i
~ _;/ ..E~, Po f ~~,
..::.-ji ~ V- P'?oC L~..J L JJ. v' -Lft. To-i (J, of "
~~J~

L ~ ~i{1i "V V- ~~J~ ~ Po L v'(I)-~~J? r L.I


';-, V- '-A L ~~J~.I~~'J tJr. .r.Li "'~
~'iJ' ~ ..::.-'JC
Jl:i' eJ ~ (V JC JJI Po V- '-A L ~~J~ V- ";"it. L ..::.-IJC
-" oiLJiiJ' i!/'"
V- d'- 2. J~~ L ( Ji V- ~, _Li V- ~~)~ "'~ Po
'~(1Si 'biC ,J ~~J--'"i L tJ';' -~ J~Po (' iJ'~ '.zC'o?
jJ' 'i' jJ'
r.,!~ ~ J:. '-A L i J "::'-'J~ ,JtJii ..::.-111, Jtr '..:.)~
t
J V- (:.,j,J ~~J~ f~ lie _I_C i~ ItJt.i~ ,J ,,-/tr J~J~
(l655-68),i..l. -To- f ~ OJ d ~Jvi ~'2.... v' ,0' To- If.! .J.iI
)'v L (:.,j i~ v:! V,.ii KY"iJ' ,,-~/KY" fr.,! ,_;! .... ;r ,;-'L

o/JJ i ~)j r ~JJ,J Jt. _;) -f1 Lv' -Lft. 2f.lt ~~J--'1
fPo L J ~ J.IJ:. f1746 -Lft. Jli: 41tJ~~ ,J tt~JL v' _;)
t ,J J~ f ~J J 1IJ ~ I'~J~L ~i -~iV- ~~J~ ..E Jv v:!
-41~ t'v" iJ' To-41~vr
)'v L tJd~ iJ' tJi~J 'tJ!.E·" I~~J~ J' ~ v'
~~J~ ~ L.1f ~v
~ .. ..
vI .:,..~.. JIM'~
.:;.JJ '" .,111(.
-,~ ~'J ",. '"" I.)JV!.I
J} tS .:,..~y Ji'( .?CJ~:eI' iJI,J Aju, iJI J,~~; J'. ~
L tJfl L ~~J~,_;! "-A L tJii ~I 2.... vI -~ Li ~~J--'1 ~
V- d'- Lr "i} L~ eJ Li :eI' Po V- f'N.' lie. -~ _i;I ...::.-'JC
:?
~ 2... v' " ~ fY' P. r~,J~-To-)j Jv (1615-18) Ji if~
Lv' -" ~~(~ 1;;' V- i~iJ~ L tJ';' 2... v' iJ' ~ ~..w Jc;:'
(Downton) J ~~'j iJ' (Best) ~ V-~, Lft.a (t L d'- .IJ' eJ~
149

J~~ -" tJIJ;{i ~ J_,I(Keridge) l;;/._i:...zL fp. i:..


_'~.:;_u~ JI ~ Jz-.IJ (j~-,,;~
fl'J iJI iYy(Mieldenhall)
cJI;:--J-'1-1A L"r ~~ iJI O'i~iJhI -: f" Jp rvI .:;_-?J SvI
~ tf liJ J .:;_
cJIiJI ~ z:« .zL hI JI s» Jp ( U~ L
-i-L"r
::Y ( cJIs: ..::-tJpp. v.. ~-AL Ut.'i! iJI UJ:(../I v.. uli (~
'er" I:!'i iJI ..::-IJ~ScJIJYy -" .:;_.,;;;,~iJI JyL L cJI;:--J-'1
OJ i.vI i:.. ...P .:;_U~I;:--J-'1 J) i} L ~ LII.:;_ ~~
v.:,
'~!/'lllJ LII~/( iY J L'( iJ, i:.. ~.:;_ eti S..::-j ".;.!I
(~UIIIJ).f 1).,1 v.. cJI;:--J-'1LU,)I~_i:..;£ ;~fI'JiJI J>J
U? f IAJy p.( L(' 'r!-:f" Jp -:v..~ALcJliJf
v.:,.:;_
i ,:_ -?J vI -4ft. i.J/ v.. U~ L cJI;:--J-'1(IJI ';-, L
-IS,?IS;£ ,f-I;, iJI 1O'J ~I u~;
(2)
LvI -J/v.. ,1612 v.. "::-iY /1 J)j J; 1).,' L UJJI
~J/I. Po "Iij L Li iJI Li "::-iY v.. f1613 OJ 4'- Lu/ ;p.p.1!)!;tJ,
v.. ~A L ,~I J)j SU~ cJIJC ~ "r ;,IJi "rL J~i;1 iJI
iJI ~,,-:I)I u".-IJIL U,)I v.. J~i;1 iJI ~Jj! -v/ ,j'I..::-L)v
ud I J)( -v/ ..::-).j .:;_ ~ij L cJIJC 1/~ ( u_,ItJJ
" i} "'~
~.d iJI Ui!/ f iJ'i ,?I
If UJ.zC:(.-" Po L L"r (~ L
OJ

r
J~i £ "r ~ -J!I) J v.. J!j £ "r ,j'~~ij L UJiIJ
-JI) ..Jlr
~ ( VI -t! Ju/tt/ I IfUJ:(..I,"/ I J)f IfcJIv.. "::-iY
v.. ~JJI. OJ ,.f(~ L U,)I P. / I 0'/ JJ Po L "::-iY-" r:/.'iV
~1J:~)j L d'j )JI Uy_,.,1e)}" ~ J (' )JI (IVI r,j 1Jj.f -!
~f~I Jj.f s» -:)r J) r .;.)1( _rJ CuI~ ~~"' ul/r vI ...rJ C~
Ji? J,J y. v!)I _rJ L~k")J~ ,11 £)1..-- ~v! J~tJ.J:} ~ i
JcJI,.1£e: L./ ~ .;.j.f J l' v! cJ"~ LuI?- DJ ~ z:«
cJIj"rJ ~ v? -:IJ{ L J) if~2... vI -v! J.llY; f 1)7. 4.J11t"
_L~ I)J./.t~ I)k.~.;.;.)1( J Po L vI )JI L~JlP-7. 4.J11t" ,f
I.7.C J;;J 2... vI 'rJ ,;I)/.~ J! Vlr r-;,)/.
':::;JvI ,.I;;
2... vI -!Jy; ~ .;.:1 JI v.. Vlr ,f .7.C)JI rJ C~VI. ~ .;.)lP
2...LJ{ ~ ~)~I J;;J r(Adventurer)r.( LlfL.7.C L J{
tV ,.1£LJY' LJ#.?v! f'k.' 2...£ 1.1' i rJ Ly;",:"If·' (U~
-:IUy'!j v! f'k.' ;_?.J'J s: J{ -~ L./ ~ J} I ~;iJ. V'
V~ I...t. )JI ';')f j" s: 27-, ~ DJ ,.1£s. ,=-J ~ ~jiJ.

eL 2... L ..{I.Ji .s.L./~);fl )JI)v v.. (j L.L.I L ,jI


~ -:J!2... L ';'JV (.) vI .e: Lli ;-'" -: tll.l'rJ C./ly; e/
,.,0 rJ C./ J~I U;{ ,;/ ~U)Ir,fi-;/)V ...J)""_~ L./ljt
L./ J' ".;.1'J.IJIP I'v -~ [./ k"r ~.Ij £ tJj{ ~ )I Y JJ
")}£ j(;i )J' rJ L'/'y; )I t' ;-1..-- £ v' ~ L~.Ji~~ ~ Ly;
cJ',.I£~Ly; J,J JIP J( v!)I £ 1.1' -~ Ly; v! ;-'" IV. ( cJI
~ Ly; J! (~DJ~ L cJ'-!J./'y; )Iy;L ~.,J) ..{, ..;)"" elt" ,f
-!J~I)JJ!)JI JJ,;J! Lli ~, -~ ~ v~~ j"y.
L UJi~J~y. ~ L./~ v~~,,y.J~L JJ,f cJ~J~ JI
_~L./~j J/...J)"" ~ cJc:.t, v! f'k.' _rJ C'/,y; y~(~J 2...
Y'~ ~J,f Jlk" -~ L'/'y; ,::;""U"}.I1 j~J~';'lZW £ cJ'2... 1.1'
L):f v! tJ?- ~~ J!J, JI v! Uyl..-- JI.,C;'£ J{ -~ L~ y; Ji)~
151

J.I'J' ...:.-Ly.J0;.1. {.J} IfJ ~ v' '[~i~.I~.1t).JJ;J!;: .JJ' Ii


-v! J~
v.t (j ...:.-L,IPe v.. '-.J~ L J{ I:)~.JJ L J f1642 ~ f1630
~ .:; v.. '-.J~L J) .J'" L I:)I.JJI...:.-1J,P L ct;u. L J{ ~ 1:)1
I)'.J",I L! I-:.JJI JJ~J'J' ~ Lf..v.;"':'-JV v.. ,;L; v' "e -7
-J -J
v' J-" ,-f/ Jv..I:)J "':'-JV I:)J L .;Ii' J.I'-" e.J~JJv..I:)J
~~ 2._ L [;-j fi~ L; ct;u. Po L bYJ-~ [.1'-" ,f-bYJ ()~ I:)J
.s: L.I J;' ~ v.. ui~~s: L.I
I:)J L ~ _i:...J/" ...:.-G"J'
L [;-j .JJ'(~2._ L (;u. fi v.. u?-
'J/ v.. ",:"y .s: L-" 6 2._ L Ji ",:"y .::..r'JJ L vI .JJI.JV
J-' VI;!J.J v.. ~.Jt. Lf J f1638 -v!' J-" J~~.JJI ",:"y o;!)
J.JI{ J "':'-.JY-~ ~ -" {;)J.J~ v' v.. ! 1J.JI{ J I:)t;--JPzf' J J-"
J-" J: JA -: J.IY Lv' 7 J ...!...J{.J;: v.. f1668 v.. '-A L! 1
"':'-JV .JJI LlIu~ L v' .s.'-/ J1~.J,f v.. vI -J "':'-.JII .:;;
'-"'{L (' ....J,1 v.. do i:.. 6 ...:.-1.JJ'iL (' ,f { uk .s:'-/ L
8~ 4)! .JJ' J 4:-12 ~ 4:-10 ...:.-G"J'L (~_i:.. J~,f- .J;~ .JJ'
-J J)I-" J;~ UX v..! 1v.. ...:.-G"JII:)I.s: LJI-" I(~~
1-"~ 1...(1 S~.J18 -~ C-" ~.JV eJ IX~ ":""'"v.. -::"UVI
Po L .JV -J u.J¥' J~.J v.. "':'-.JYi.. L5 ~ v.. dol J.I
;: ~ [.1'-" c,.Jlf'~t)JI...p-~ [.I(~~ti'i f;: ~ U,-" ~ ~~,
Mariner).J IJ ,-J...p -~ C~~ ~.Jt. fro ~ c£ ~ SI:)LL,.-v'
L.J ~ u.J{ J .J,i/. .J,i.JJ f~(~~ v'_~ Cjj.{;-.,d/ "' (Purser
v..
J~ fro ~ U,-"u).-f ji -,-J? e,t"l UJ::";u. L -:f. .JJ'
_L LJI-",J: L ~ I.J I~J u{;-:-~U(ylJuy'~
O.J? "':'-.J,vlV...(I S..:.-'";u.-~ Cjj.{ ~ {' J.JIJ i v..1:)V-J~
152

J~ J J/" ,;1lv ~{ 10 .If J VI JJI ~ C~tf1IJ ~;;,-'.»lL LJ'


J~ .t1,;1lv ~{ 20."/ JJI ~ C~.t1~fl ..J ~ VI Po L Jv ,; -!
.»l L Jv,;,l -~ Cvifl ?- u JJI (j J; ~I Po L Jv ,;,l -!
v! ,f-I el// L U~ IJJI( J,,-; 1.5/ JJJJI ~ C1. e.J r ~v IVI
'JJ,,-;II'J JJI ~Jrl elt O'l J UytjtJ,c)I.L L.t1~ ~
uJij('!JtJJ.t1r3"J}L~~U~JJJI! J~JIJ'~c)~I
J:., JJlfl ..L~~.I~ ~I Jc))i ~ 4.1.1(r J.U
j v.ll.5jJJ"";t.iV
~c~~ (jtJ, 1Ji' -fI.L LJI.t1 J! d-/ JJIf'j .J'v .J'v L
-~ ct;f U:~jOlP 1UJ~ fj'.
~ JJI fyl J! L UJ).t.J L J{ L.t1 ?-J v! c)t"---J~
J cJ~ i L~fi~ u J! ~ 2... vl.L 2...JJG;1J) J}I L UJJIJ
;:"-J!G7 r cJIJJI 1llJ Llil IV. .J'V L c)1_LJ ¥&~ Jv. r .::/;
C~k"Jl(- J.c)~1~Jj J Lllfi j ~ ,,~JLllu ~ -~ C.t1
Lr LvI j c~~ If-/ If-/ JJ ~ If-/ --fl J! ~ J[JV -~
JI"..,,If-J,fu j ~j C~fi~u~ -~ (jtJ, L.t12...~ r 1.5;:~
CJI.t1
_~ L~ Lj'. ~ ~ I.)! VI j CJI.5JI"..J uJ(Ji JJI ~ J; ~C.t1
,IJIu/.f" j'. ~ LJ u1.t~ ~ uj,ll JJJ c)I~ I.)! fl~I
-v!'
tf If-~..J _,;( !;(J,I~yi tf cJI_f Yy J.t1J1JJItf ui,ll o~
2.... VI -l u:
J~.t1..J,,;( J I, j L uL J1JJItf c)I 2... VI J.t1 i
,.,iJI ~c)~1 i..LuytjtJ,Lc)I L)! c)t"---J~f JJJJ;_;LJ[
-vi Li ~c)eJjl,.,iJI J;~PoLvl-J!~JI~
.~~ uflL VI j ~i~J"" J,JI ~ ~ f1698
I.)! If-J~L
k"k"~ ufl~~/L f1697 JJI fl680 f 'f- ~ ::y ~ c)I -v.t UJ
4I.t. J! i;i J uytjtJ, o~.J'V .J'V L uytjtJ,~./t "e J!i u~..;
i JJI.t1~yJ,Ier{ AL Jr} f ~LJI.t1 o~ 50 ~40 ",:",1,IJIj
4
153

2.Llltl.£ "Y-15z -fI ~.Ii (Ii _£ z:« .I'.tl!' JC;:, Jj ':t .IJ'
v' _ti C,-r.I'.t~)j -v! JI',-r J.1Jy' L~.d L c)' r Jc)'
J~~~!/ 151t)..IJ'Jt v!.»l _£ L.!',-r L 15.t~J/. (Ii v!
1.I''i' _£ L.!',-r J:.IJ~ J~Jk .IJ'tJ.r" Jt 2... L L~ tll_,f
-I JI',-r..:..!J VI;
s: L.f~~ 2._ L (;;7 v! i~_d'l,;L.lv ~ "eyo L .I'~
~J:-:' " UJJ./JJ _d'l,;L v' s: z:« .1',.-v! !~,EJv' n' .IV
~/JJ .IJ'J'b 2.L,-r .1',.-v! uiJ( ~.I' L ~/-£ L.t1
L.!!J .sv i_ (j? 1 ~ .IJ'.IV L J{ Jj ':t" UJ.I'':; c)~Jk
s
J~.l ~1tJ, L v' ,f ~ J~ r..:..~ v' '-.I} 1.11; J{_£
L ":"JV-i/ JJ OJfti 15.1~':t 2... L ~ (Ii 2... v' -",.l15k.~
-o» e-2._
o(.Ik..IJ'ti ~ if k. _)j I! I J.l1( J":".1"-L UJ~ v!.»l
u_';' e: L ..:J:IP JUJ11.;:.IJ'!I-ti ~if2 J,j 2._ L UJ11.;:"
(2)+J.!.I~ Oi~ L
(3)
'z -fI c:;'-
v! ~.I~rJ'r
J- .IJ'J:!. L v' VJ~
v' _ti O'jP 11.;:Oi 4
rs»2... L UJ'?'C ~.Ii
':t .IrJ _ti U',-r >/

Lv' _ti 10t_,JJJ" JAi ~, fl uk .IJ'ti Ci-J) JvJ~ .f ~ r


4--} ,.!C)Ll,;'- U~J)'C ~ C~!J tf ;--J (lIP ,,;1.;: L v' .»l"'.I)
r
~.?C fi _ti tf.l nI...f _r;JJ'- 4:- 10VJ~ ~,-r _; Jrl '-
"'o(.Ik._ti C~ t.fAV'" 11.;:...fC)J ~/ JJ ~I 'iLi .»lL VI t"k--
/'J' /,JI ~J ~ 1 Ufl.lJ',f J,-r L,-r 2._ ~.!cj iPi 1.11; J UK~
f £ Li v!~/ ~z L.!.I~,f L'J Li L ~.1 '- L~ -J'
154

jJ'i Jw ScJIPo L VI i:.. L~ £(~ L cJI~ Ii CJ'i ~.?' l)~


IJ'iL)! Po Jw ScJLv -,J jJ'i ~j~I SL~L)!! Po L J~-_,J
lt~ /ce j~ j~ .0' ~ L~ ~.f J,{cJli L ,-j( -,J j.f
VI if -:.s.L~ J~s.Y' L)! Jw ScJLv ~ ~J VI _Ii C~
z.),~ ISLJJ",.J} Jii). f~I (.;~ .zC~.JiY' r.,J j~S2._
-I j~J~ JWSu'}.JI.JJI.Jv-i;_?-~t;:~ji5r~i:..
Ji5 JI)i _Ii C.!Jr'JJi5j./- _Ii CJ'i.J#. el?~.Jlt' r et.J#.
1/~ ~cJLvr vl-;)i-I j~OJ ~ ~I '} C.f IS~~ r
s,'f- ~ 'Ii ~k-- ...fi Yo ~.JJ~_Ii C~JJ~(r t.f ~.Jj L ~;.J _Ii C~
s.~ J, &J s: Li(' Ji~ L jit~!v..c: j~ SLy .JJIo.t~JI
f ,J jJ'i ~ 1-: SUJ.zC ~.Ji_i:.. ~ ~ £ L Ly L)! J, .JJI
ji5 r",
cJLv j-"f ';-, cr.J~I iy.J J.il~.f '-J...;[Il:l. &J

L uJ.7.C cJI L)! .J~.JJ2_ Vl(3)-J I).Jlr '}£ J'i ~ v!I)f


Jk-"r yi .JJIi;_?-.J.J~ L)! upl cJI~.Jj L fyl ~ ~,;{l)
L cJI~ J Sji5 r'i:..~.f ~IP v?r j),f ~v L
Jlr ~
if~.JJI<i'1~ ~~ Sl)J:J! L)! .J~.JJf -,J j~ 4&. r./ Se~
cJL}r ji5 ~ el?J~ f JL i:.. L; 2._ 0'" ~ ~ SU~ J.J
-u;:.f~IP
(4)
L ~ tf -f(,5 JUVI L ~I .JJIb.JC
/-' vI tf J{' ~I .:-.!I

~JJIPcf.JJI ~ 4.1"" U£ ~~I..!-.!Ij; f 'f- ~f.Jj "' Jly vI ~ Po


J~JPi "' ~ S,_;l. f v!
~~YoJ 0" cJl &J r;:,f do "::;Ib O"k-- ...fi L)!
r J{ f 'f- tfr uj.J~ ;; r;:~J~v r vI L uP. J;I L ,-}lr
';-, &J L.f ~1P"::;1b uk-- JL Ii~.f ~ "' cJV'JPi ~ I.)i I~I ehl
155

L J{~,..!.--:!," L tJ.f' _£.1~'" v?r j.ll{ eJ~j~ eJ~j2....


v' .IJ' 'f- ~~~ ~ -:"~'J .IJ'uiJt,; J.lL / J!.J U' v! ttJ'Jj J {:;.if
L .(k. .-YV" &~G"L 1.1-
l.).. . '!.::.v-(...
• --r f t::.... LJ .IJj./ -:..L.
_ ()(cJ~ J~ L 0",.."

2....:;.-' L/ J'''' iy.I J J, uk-- ~L-- ~L-- L';:'J .IJ' ~ "J ~.Ij
4f 2... v' t.f J'''' -:..~yuk-- 2... L J{ -v!~'"-:..~yJ.ll(
_lJ..IJ' L~.f v.: ~'" ,t,j j.ll{ eJ~ &J_lJ.L v' f~ lS,,-v-
-CJ1v.: &,tG &J~jv.:, L-:..~Y
~ cJ~JPz j ;, ( J{ f 'f- ~J!.J SU}.IY ,;; v! J.l;.o L v'
cJ~J~.IJ'J J{j.lI{JP -f'~--:-r ;'.IJ'~&J'.I'J/I(L.f ~
e,y "J
L lS;'~' v!..:.v-k--~'L -:..1)'" uk-- LJ1LJ1 ~'j L
1..1' _L ~ LJ1 "'J v! .::.v-k--L lSk.-:-yV" If".ff. OJ .IJ' e: r~
f~ I)' J~JI(-:..1)'" ~ .IJ'J:';:'1h uk-- -f' .:J L J~JL -:..1)'" J{ 2...
I(uH cJ' v! L~';:'1h uk--/ J{-I)') i]I., v! -:..Ll.lr uk--~ OJ

./v'A .IJ'L
y
z.).J,.!';:'J v' _L LJ1 Jr.Y ./ y
ey fy.~"J 'X
_LL.f f
-:..~r.Jr. v! ~-AL J~ ..!.--:!,L (Zinkin) I ;
L J{ ~~,
J? .IJ'cJ(;ij, f 'f-l;i'1( 1..1': V,!-::: V,!lSJ
1..1' '::'-.Il( cJk--.IJL uJ. OJ

&.If v! Ub/ 2... L UJ.I)~ v! cJ(;ij,._f .Nt A-" f JJ1 ~v2...


v' -~ C~~J£.f(JJ; .IJ' L.ftjv.:, 2... v"~ CJ1v.: ~p.-J
~~Jv!P'k.'a.J -:".IJ/,fu_,J~2....LL~.I'J;i'j/ ~/
lS.I~ ~ v! Po '~ ui~J .IJ' utE ~A '~ C~ I~j
2:...'.1
cJ' -v:'~uk{ j.ll{ 2.... L LI) L~ L uJ'?'C Jr i LJ1 ~~.IJ
-~ v.: -:-yV" J/I( ~ v! LJJ& ~ r.f.. cJ' L ~J}.Ir r./ ui:(
Jy ~ 1..1' i ,j J~SJ~' ~~, ,f v! .IJJ1..1' ~
tt~~, ~"

-~ LJ1 ~p.-J ~ V,!J L\..-- J£'~ ~'J~' ..J. v.! cJ~J~


156

.1_£ L~ L; L~ I.)! u,..P';; L,J~ ,JJI)y....J)'" I.)! cJI;:--J~


1uJJ1 L ui~J I.)! f1623.1-1 J.11 ,.f-' .::,,).j DJ~j~ U~J
''::''j'" uk k" t.,j ~ cJ~J~ L u"':1 2.... vI -v J!J ~ ~.J~'
JJ' ~,. (',JJj

~ ukJJ' V;J'"(G"
'"
u~ ./- Jjl{- It' u! ~. ('It' jJ' G··
,,~ ,
v'J.J,
f
~ J.11 ~J V' ...{LJ u_,l~ u! d~' v)~; t)...i./. ....tt:-
f
d~J~ L u,..:, 2.... v' -J.11 ~; ~~ J U~Ju! uk' '-lJj(J,
-uJ)~; '::"jl{ J~ jJ' OJ? ~
vfo. Yo cJ~jJ L ui!7 J~J~ I.)! d~,JJ L Uk' '-lJj(J,
I.)! ;.. L v' -v)~;~ "J L udY JJIuJJ' u! d' ".11
uj'.t'
s'.j1 JJ -:u! ~k-- -v)~; t)A", uh~ L u,..:,
Ilk" ,.f-' ,JIV' If ~.::"L~' L d...;! u! J..L.- V' jJ' J.11 L uk. --:,Y
J[ J.t! 2.... V' .s: Z Jlr- JlPoj u! Li ",:,,'Yo r 1.# ...f f1828 J'£
_I) C.11t)1u'"j tJ. L
u!;'. LJjlr-DJ~ ~...G.t~jJ'ltJ; JJ[tJ J~
,.f-' I f I) -::..t. I) ,f-' ..:/; L.f ,.:.! " j ~~ ~cJI ~}i J.11

jJ'tf-j '-t' ,,~ 2.... v' L~ J uJ'jiJ'::"jl{


Ly}. ",:,,'i ~ If/ OJ

f1764jJ' ~ J:,.f-' ~/ DJ~jJ' -:.f tf-j L)J"IP .::,,~y~ v'


) J"IP '::"'j~' L ..:/;) JI.?' (IV' ~J'b ~.iij L u"':'.u!
_2....
t
~ DJ,J.'.11,.f-' D.tGJI ~ Jd~JPi 1J[ J.IY L j I
-I) ,.;j ~~J;cJJ:!. j~ "' v' u! f1828 -Ijj JJ}- J.::,,;; liilb.,~
J; ~I!jJ 2.... vI -I Jz~ t.f ,.f-' .:.-} I.)! up. IJj J[ ~}i
.11J7-; jf Yo ~ ...{jj~L (Peel)
:f 4.I..J '::"~'1-:I) ~,J~ cJI;:--JPi.f
1;1;0' u:rl'", f
d~JPi ;tlPozI'::"jl{ 't) .::,,~'j' '~ ;lj/.I:f"'
,.:.! .t. ~I(., fLu' ~ ~'t)1.":-~ lip J'J jJ' JV' ...JI),
157

-J
~ ,; ~} v.. l)fi JIP J[ f 1J1~.::./; JiU,/. e: vI
L~ JPe~" ty> J; Pe.l-1 uE !'".1,1 Ju;Ii Iufo e, ..f,{
L ..:-tJlP~~~} v! l)p. 4- A./ ol» .1,1 £. Lfi/-...p. u s:
"
,;" v.. ,1798e: VI ~ ~ '-- l)d~..f~ I J;!, "~ fl~.::J
~~ dkl'JY'..f~ JJ d v.!1 .lJI IY"';U; L l)i1/ .lJI duJ..
~~J.."JJIv.. ,1856 4 k"~A " l)_;:"~Jd' e: vI £. d'P ~
oj ~ d~I ,J '-- -?J J",I .lJI V"~.J.r " ""Y '-- -?J !~ ",J.I

" ty> Pes:1


JPeY> "l)/j d' OilJ ,...jJ ..:-IPP o:/t i.. vI -J'
v.! .1,,"1 I(..:-L~I'-- dNl.lJI£. L./.J.l d L .:.1)1, .lJ's. L.tf
-4:..L.!
= J j jlPeI(1:)1"~l)~L.-il t ~J~A..:.-; Pev..;.. L .:.1P;.t
1'r~~J;,.- ,/.'--.:.~!.."JJII(~ I:).lI,~A..:.-;! .iJi,.f 'f- '"
J; L J[ v.. vI (j ,; -1v.! --V ~u,/..::./; v.. 1:)1 f.:.)./

.lJI~u,/..::/; O)J,...j JvI i.. vI -4:.. Jf OJ?' -:..A -4:..--V


~L1f.:.L,AP"l)iJJ~ d)J.lJ'iJii..v'.lJ'Jfv.! {J[
-lIe.l
_ ZZ,...,AP./
.,., '·~J.lJI
" L).r.

LvI .1,1t! d~J~ J; L ~u,/.f 'f- t:ff J: Lr cf j


r
~L -6. ,.Jt,.. 7 v.!1 I(t !J~ _£.v.! ~IJ '-- JI, '-.l{
~ ,..:.!" I:)~,~ d L "Jliil ,j..lC" ~ L l),:t!', L'r iJ.'J fl~
15iU,/. I:)~J--'1-~ v~;;-" '- ..:81.) r ,-I i ~~A ~ .lJI
I(c,L

£.?~ v.! t;_"'; J!"..:..l ,.( ,--I" .lJI~ !.r.:r eP.lJ u1i '--..,...,..
__
.... -1.:.:/ JJyl Sdl '-- -?J S vI ..f,{
L oJ I:)~J~ I-:/u,/. L~ ~ ~I SvI , I~ t d~Jk~·
f~ A " ~L v.. ,1804 2... VI -J~":-.lJ/ S ~IP S l)rl.l of.
158

r"'- "':'"'"
tt'f-,.)i A'~'- flf L ~ v! '-.J~ L if-
~~J~ -:"

,J ctv-~ ..rc Ji J.! ';;'.JJ/ S A 2... vi "'~ 1.5/ .JJI ~r Vl.J


_L~S~lP
j r"~ v~L ~u,/. ~~J~ ji f 'f- ~ f J' Li I j
!',-...J,,j' ( vi r.J. '":{.J!.,.(,[ ,J ~ ';;'.JJ/ JI S~GJ ';-, ,-I

'ct','2... V' v! J" ~ ~...,/S ~~~.l1) ~ I~", J~


,-12... L ~lP '- "':'"'"~I ~ JI) .JJI Jy. '~ ''';J.J '~I;)~I
'.Jit..
y
'~f. ;~ 1A ./~~J~
2... L ;£.J I.,,, .JJI I~ tf ~GJ ( ~~J~

L5~--ft 1-:--u,/. _L ~ L vi {.2{'- cf.)j .JJI~I'- ....... v '~~


~ LVi,)", c) -L~\(~GJ ( ~~J~ f L5~~ 2... vi J! c)
(4)_1)v!J~ L v'-:,.(,[ _I)~ ~~~ ,;;,~IjI

(5)
J.71~L.f .:,.t 1z ..;'J!L J; t)'1 tp".Jt .JJI --ft
Lu.t::ltr ct' L u';' .J,' c.f" u~ltrYol u,Jt r.J. ~~ ~ f 'f-
.r
,J~ t!!.,;:f" d,J 1-" r,;;,LJI" ,;;,tJIP eJ S(~ ~ Yov! 1-.
~j./
• 7
,;;,IPP fl) ./.
yV
,.1 J~ r U'"--{'v-
...fl~I cC IPIftt,;;,IPP
':'.1'_.::....
,.
4 ctV-~.f -U" "'i,j L ,;;,.J'i .....;/ I)~tlj (V .JJILie 0.) ~
Jj.f u~,I) (~I ( ~ .J~I "h-' I)~ .JJIr; ..J» '- ~I f;c. r.J. -'
(~ u'tf1Jj.j fl) L5.JJ/ 2... L t,;; L uji Jj.j .I,' ~IP ,J JL
~lP ~ u,j~r.) v'-L~ ~ c.i 2... L ~lP Jct' .I,' c.f~~
C"~ r u~jij1.51· V.u'.JP"f2.... vI r; JjIJ tI; r l;,j J!2.... L
_I)C~ ,,)iiS v'e~
'.IVjL~,,!)J! j~..f,ji.J,I I)

f v!.J1.~Yo c.f" '- ('i' ~.J!. ~ tS uJ:t!, r.J. f'~'


J)( ~.Jt. ~ -: j L~ IJ..'J +.1 L5)J e.J~' S ~,.....;/ "',;;,j.j
159

J~",~ L v' -v.: d~.JJL I.)j.-v? JJ",r d~.JJL I.)i:/


""" '-/ JJ...fi.::J L ..:..'JlP j)f -:If.:;i;Jv'! t v! dt;..t,.JJ'
_£~ , .,
.1./

Lf.Jg;' o.J~J} v! I.)b~i ; tt' L J{ ~~,~, v! ,,1687


~j L f j,l-ll.)fl JIP"" )"v .JJ'z:.O.J!£ 'L';: z!..l.)~J L,r
tJr", J!_JJ.JJ' ~ 'r..r/ ',J':.Jf v! fl..~:'v! ~j J'd' oJf (;.v c£
":'~-:r ..:..Iv_;'; V'~ ":'~r ..:..Iv_;'; L V' j J £ [;)~ _£. L,r
J' d' 2.... v' !I' )"v L ..:..~DJ~j """ -?J J' j~ uk-- L dt:--J;:-Z
J"" J'dt:--J;:-Z j'. f L! J' (i ~ b~ 0:' ...fi f J,r ,.r,}
.»!,L jJ)" uk-- uA .JJ''-Jf Jr.1J...l.. L I.)fo. Lfr Il.)r~.J
-.;f f ~"I ..:..'JlP j.J,lf,;-' """dL' J cI"'
J' rv' .I''J J>~ r~j O!t....fi v! d~~ 2... L I.)J~
'-J", -:V [;).:;i;J L ":".11/ f -: IJ '1/J v! ":"~'J.J J'dt:--J;:-Z v.:,
.JJ' OhL I.)jJUo! 'I.)#. L,.f .::J {~'L! V'.J{~ """v,f '
Jd' ~ oJf t.t.v W", -:V ~j tt' L I.)~' 2.... L ~~~J J' d~
.;:.,:1 J'd' """V' j 1(Il.)jJ~ """~~rL I.)~'.JJ'J,r ~~rII.)j'.j
l.)j'.jJ'dt:--~u f,,r V(...:>, -:II.)J:t!' ",,)"v .JJ",r.J~' v! .lin
~ L I.)d'i .JJ'I.)J~ {~ -Lil ~ '-J d """ Jvi I
J~f.JJi".JJ'...it./'.J£ -I)Jf~.v oj'..t'JJ v!. U;;-~.J J' ~~
~Iv~,j f j v! IJL UJJ L .;;; f~' ,
tt' L U';' v!,ufo. J'~
L
~ """ ~ J.s J.?o J t v! d' .IJ' O.JJ J' r;,j Jt:--J;:-Z
,j'..tt I(
~; II.)-"t:--~f'J 1I~-: L I.)~' J' rv' .JJ''J ~~L I.)d'i
v.:,J!L I.)J~)iv!Po L! VJ~' 2... L vIP ,;-' f '-J v.:,
, (5)-V.Jg;' lu}J.j
160

"- ..:t' VI .nl " ,ft J,lft{ J'Zj "- ..:t' J ':;'.11{ .,;! u,~
.,;!cJlr,~ 2.... VI _£ 'f-.1 ~ Jj7 .I~I,.:;,~ e: £.. .,;!cJ~I
..J- ~ IJIJ ( VI.1,1~ v.! '.I~ r~ ...L u';1 2.... L ~~r
~ rJ L u';I.A _Ii V'Lui.tf "f~ L~ 1J~~'" rul} f J
-J ~,~ 2.... L J,; L .:;,IJ~J~....;/ .1,1~ J"; fJI/

(6)
J} s:...f ~ ," f v.! ~vr.:::;,
ft vI .,;!cJlr~ Iu'~
-J::.J v.! .3'1,.- r cJIu~~.I,I .:;,GtPI'~~ ~i J '-;~ JIr~
LI, L.I cJ,bi.3'1,.- L cJI"- ..:..? J ,Jf 0.11( ~ f 2.... vI
uj; .s: U'~ JIr,~LI, Lft J./.I.)! (;,i J JIr~
cJI_£::;..
r cJI".Ii' OJ!?'.I,I.,;!,f' JG:" L u.ilr,~ f d .:;,~ft,,,C)/
fOJ;"'.,;! Lit IcJlr,~ v.!1.1,1~.3'I,.-
" 1#. cJ~ J '-;~ JIr,~..:t' o~ "- .,..,..w(i "- .,;!"cJ'.
(.IJI L,.;" ~y. L cJI.t!;'O.lJ~J.i.It .IJI,y I"~J~4'0)'/1
.I Jf~ ~I JJ} J cJI"-..:tJ vI .IJIs: z._.IjJI LIJ .:;,'.I?'
Jj .I,I':::;U,'~ /t vI 8J "-..:tJ J cJ'i·.1vI LoA/I -!J~•.1
J.tj 8J "- ..:t' S..I- .nl ,-.I (ilj r;,; IJ.tj JI ft £ ~J .3t.-- r
J cJ' .31,.- L At;! ":",,,L-r L V' -vf ~oJ'...' oL 2.... L L.lI:/
.I"" Jft v.! ~':::;J 'Jki JIv! Lft J.}l IvI .1,1" Jl.l o.l'J6,
J o)JGJJ cJ'.31,.- L V' _Ii "".I (ilj r;,; J~IcJI,.;:/ w(i ft
-v! J~ft u/1./..7.
Lft ;;-.1 I.)!~ f ft f L L uP. cJIPo L v'
':;"J~

.:::;u, of..,;! cJlr~ - L ~ zC "-.;:,;!~ _4:.. 'f-.1 J1 v.! '-.I{


,,)JzC ~.IiJL 1;;' f'J1 •..(G -: Iu,?C JIrJ~
8J "-..:tJ JLJ1 _;L
161

r
S vlr J:. vlr J/.'1 LI/f J:. U;. '-/JJ ~Jj L
v.! U~ 2.... L JI,I.~vl.!i " L.MJI,I.~ eJ~j "" ~~~

L ~I JL' If~j J;/ UJ.?L ~Ji L UJ.?L J~JPz 2.... VI -v!'


J~JPz fl.M ':t ~~...(I ~ VI.! -...f f -=I S JL ,;-, u ~Jj
_I.M/ UJ.?L ~Ji e...(G u~j ~ VI JJI~ J v.! t~IJ{ IJ{/ UJ.?L
-1/1 .,..,L¢ I 4r J:. '"(Ji...fi~ /01 v.! .J! 'JjJ1.J:. cJ~JPz 2.... VI
~IJlP L uJ'?'C ~Ji L UJ.J.C J~JPz fl.M -: cJ~ Y JJ~VI
J; ~I 8J 2.... VI JlP>!t. JIl~ SUJ.3S ~~J~ S cJIJJIV(~2...L
L UJ.?L ~Ji ~IJlP L cJI~ ~ vI.! -£f v.! (i ..::.J? J\)
(6)_fl.M;...!IJ.,(v
~~JPz.J.L ~Ji f ,J ~Ji' -: 0: S u;~ f ...Jj u/JJ
J .::/; ~ ~J (,JJJ,;l)U: JJIJ~ V.-,
• '-'.. .a....;:_I L ' '"E/"v.
y \.I .. - ,{j v-. '"
~~!tukj / UJ.J.LJI L J~JJf 2.... vl,J UJfl~ ~j J:. ("
jI;SUPyJJI(.J.L JI-.../ f'{ //1 Lu!.f {uJL L.!J
~I_i:.~f ~lPcJLj ~ J/~If~le"'(G~U~I?~SJ~JJf
"J J:. ~Jlf J~ .J.L ~Ji u/JJ JJI :t_/I ~ ~J S u?!/ JJ'.i
J..~ ~/,I./. ~ ~I eJ JJI I.M~L,.:;i /UJ.?L J~ ~ if- L Lf Ujl..tf
0: eJ ~Jj L ~I JJI fl eJ f .Mc,.~ L ~I ~ j;~ ...(1 .J. £ f ,;
L UJ.?L J~JPz JJIJ{ 2.... VI _L L\{ f.M t~ ....v J:.~Jlf
~JI( S J{ fl/.M J~J:. JlP L c.I'-: JJI fl.M ~ ~ ~ VI JlP
S 0:JAS J{ L UJ.?L J~JPz ':;;'J L ~Ji' 2.... VI -'f-J j;}f
-s,jJJj ~J~JA-:J:.v'JA He
~ eJ?-: ~.M ~ /JIP ~JyI S~~ JPi Lj}fJ'j...Jj ";'J/
~~ ~~ifJ~tun J~ ~I(- L u?II ~Ji J:. ~~JPz f
r;( ~I ~,u~Jf~ ~ uj~ JJJ..t1 L c.I~JPz fy. / UJ'?'C ~j ~
162

-~ I:)'.)IJGJ (./ VI -,f J:)


L J[ .l.CJ'~j-:.::....
JIJ L I:I~J~ J;- OJ ~ ;-1..-- (J[ L if..J« uJ.l.C Y JJ
fi 1J =".,J) tfo L UJ'?'C ~)i ~I fLM i.. VI ~IJ -: ~.?C
-:
-v.:I/)~'/(.::....u~j)y.
-s:~ JIrJIrVI~ 0'
1)J)j
)JI ~p
)JI k.;k u! do L UJ)(111..--J~ u! J~
~JJ '-z )(111..---: u! J~ _~;-I..-- ( UJ~.lI
LV,-:,,/ £ )JI s: Lljf ~ ( I:I~ IJ'J .s: ~J Jj Ifyl -:
)JI JJ:) )Il~ (fl)) J[ f ~~~ i.. v'.::.... J[ L I:I'_~
L )J-JI DY ~ z: vI -J JIf-IJI;; J'vl u! ~)~ J'()'~~
'f' I:I~ I~IJI;o L UJ'?'C L J~ vI i 11)1 (~
.::.... -JtJV L J[
JL J'J[ L e J'J~
~rI~~ -1J;-1..-- ( Jf L u';1 e: vI )JI
-~ L11J~J d~ )!P! .::....J~=".,J) dJ:!.30.::....IJ£~
~z ~ ( U}IJ L.I I:IJ~ ;-1..-- L vI )JI ..:.-.:L1J' J[ (./ vI
~I ~( fyl Po L JIJJ ~ )JI.?C JI;,. '? '-E..if'(-? -1/%
L )~I uk-- -1/% C11JI? L
;-1..-- d' e: L ~ L ~IJI;o
L.::./'; .r ~)JIL2....::....Jl..--j J.j lJ[j~.JI;.I u! ()')()IN
~~ u! do '~j u! .::./';LJ,J'I:I' -H -::uVI j)_} ,-)IJI 0'1)
JI?e)JJljll)!vd{)JI~')vl)! --d~)JI ?~'~ I:I~'::""

)JI Jt.i').If IUy"I;Y.J: ~)j L ~~fl,II JJ)~' Jf'I:II)JJ u'


~L# -:~ I:I)J ))1 iIi i.. u' -J t.i') % -d -JtJV L 1:1'

.. )JI'L L.l1f ~JJ'::"" I:I~J~ /)}., j'~~. y. -H jJ' L LL~.


_'i -
e)

-: ~)j L l:)i~ )JI LJ'i ~~I?'..JtJV L -:J) ))1 ~JJ J'I:I' L LM


L d,Ji!.1.) u! fI773 _L~ ~fI
f J! J'~I u~';Y ~

f1764 -tJ/,; J} ft J/H f t()'J.I;:~(),k.h{. v".;LJ, L J[ ~;j


163

_~rd L JY'_;r jJi.",.:..tJ.1r L J{~Jj L ~I ~I ~ u!


a, L ~;tJ. J,IIJ1~'; .J.-l.- r~; J -:;,,1Il1u!,]f t:::- P. L VI
f cJI ~,I,f J~ r/ J L)J11Jt-cJl_Y 0;" tJ1 ~J.1.I ~, JI.t1.!1
_; ~~JI ~ cJlP J: J,I J _; ...rr J! lSJ .:..~!tDJ~j t:::- DJ~;
':"?J U

-1.1.1
VI JJI lSj.1 u!..r JDJIJIJ,;"- -(I J{u! -to L .:..IPJ.1.I1 cJl
.:..~ -: t:::- -:i /$ vl-k' f f'" f J1;;1 ~k--;;-'", cJ~,pz L
t:::-

Vir J~,pzj _;) wfI u!'(;;J/ L,]f u! cJ~,pz si- Jr u!/.


-:JJ J
L ,]fJJI L)~""; vlr~! _;)lS/ JJ v! L)~J~JI J
J,I J

:ti't:::- J
.:t' JI, L)},J cJI -lJ.!l t:::- i~L .:...,IP .:i)J /.'/. u!
J

_LJ1J'!i ",cJ~,pz

-1
Philip Anderson :The English in Western India.
London, 1856. P.P.5-7.
268-97 v: "~1-2

John Fryer. :A new Account of East India


and Persia. Vol.l, London, 1909,
P.214-1S.
12_1 :~.JJe-3

159-156: cf J~I
248-247_1 :J~

J.B. Tavermier :Travels in India. VoU, London -4


1925, P.7

Manucci :Storia do Mogor. London, 1908,


Vol. 1,P.62.
/

164

Maurice 1£ Taya
Zinkin :Britaia.and .1... Requiem for
an Empire London, 1929, PP.ll-
31.
A. Loyal :The Rise and Expansion of the
British dominion in India
London, 1929, PP.34-49
J{ ~}f~f 41J"';i J& ~f 1f) : J.}'J f If) -7
218-216:..t - ,1976- )"~
165

fI8S7

JIJj ~ ~ ~ (1), (e-I'::;; VI v. cJ~Jk / J{ 'J;I~I


13'1J oj v. uY'" J:f L cJ~J~ _;~ L VI .nl ,J (j.l Yl !{
/.f Yl ~ 'v! J,~ JL111.l7. Ifif. (iii ~ -v! (j.l _;I vii
J JIJi .IJIJ,~ ~ ..I£I/)~/~ A L ~;~ L VI 1i~.1
IfcJJ a,r .r .::}JJ J JL,:. .I~IrJli~ ,:. 'Ii r,;; r ~j1), j ,:.~ L
~~ If UP'LzoJ J:f .IJIU~ ,:.1; 'j~jl/l If U?; 'U~_; O~
~ ~ v. .:-tJlr cJI -~ ~ f cJ~ / U/; L~A L~ L.lL
~/ JJ ~ Yo v! (j.l cf. ~; (j (j U~J.IJI s. 'f-.1 Yl Jljl 4-'-' L
L.I J~I.I~ L uj~ .IJIffPJ '~j 'uj~ ~J '~;. _;~ L
.I~.IJL U;'-~.1.IJIU?; cJI s: v. J If Lff / ~/(JJ ~

.s: .:1L U? jV
_Ii ~ If v. J'i JL11" .Ii' J~I/ ~;~ L r,;; (~ J~
.I1/.~ _Ii r J~~ I z~v cJI r (II ~ J'f ~
L "':'"'" r ~yl 'f-~
I.l.l;J~IIf ~;~ _Ii cJ~ 2... L r,;; L J'i~ .IJI/.~ It' p.
2... L u/; -i.;! (j.l J'f f L f -f1~ .::..';;>J If r,;; J~0'
VI 2... v' -~ r,;; J~OJ i z Yo; tJ~.::.. ..:). .IJI(i J ~ '~-'

v. JJ)' If ~j1),.Ii ~ -1/J'f f~ .IJ'J~ 0:-' v..IJJ L .I~I


t..t!' uL.t: ~f.l~' ~j1), If .I1/.~ .IJ'..d' vIA j LJ'f U'Jij OJ

If cJ~JPi J{ ~,!gl~I V. .:-tJlr cJI _,J jYl ~I If a r,;; J~


J~JkV. JIMIIt' L vI o/.'.::..,,::,?- If ~.I1JI~ V.~~
.IJJ
,.:. o

..:-~y 8J~ja: 8J~j2... ,;-f JJf~lif e.tG e~G"~c- u#. L ur~J


,_;!/ JJf~~ J~JPi IJ} L (~L Jf ,_;!JJJJf..&:fVf vi~IP
~ fJ~f IJc:JIJJI..:-1'JJ(IiS uk L U";I ,.II) ~/. ( ...f .JP vI
~k-- J~JPi s: 7-J v.! J j 2... L(" J~JPi ~ -::2... vf r;
,;-f ,.I~ f!J'ljj'L J_;jvf If ,_;! elf-::~ l:hJ JJfJr-f' ..:-1fJJYo ,_;!
v! ur1J S eI~JPi Yo k"J~f IU)'.) I)i el' L U";I 2... L JI_t;f
,J IU':?J ,;-f c- ~j JJffJPJ ojJJ"";iJVS UJ1lr (/- ~ LJ'l
-yiJ t~j'-.J J'ff '-JJ?J 'tl/
is v! ~J~ Jt..:-/. JJfJt JJJ-::,_;! ur1J J cJ~JPi
Yo L~ J'l..:-60:;1 v! ?"i"~JJIJUf JUf v! Jif} S ? eI~ ,.I~
Yo S o-~JJf~k-- J~JPi.2.. LJ'l r "..:-fJJIJ S~Jjj'j 1 J'
J~ -k" J~f Iu}J.) v.!f L Jf'" ~ J'lbi- ,_;! JJJvf )_;jf
S eI~JPi ,.If J'l ojf~f c- do v.! L~ £ ..:-~fJ~ L uk" J}
)'-/21 L J~ UfJ'UIVOJJJJ:" I)iJ 41~elfJ"" U.fr-f d ~k--
v! JJJVf(l)_~ 1/ ,J f 0: c- LJPJ u! ..? ,;-f ~ .fUf IU.fJ'.
Y JJLf'( IcJf~1V~ r; ~ J'l'( J~
Jf_t;fcJf~1V If reI~ J;i
L UIVJ.R/ _y.1ulV;~/ L UIVOJJJJ v! JI':: _I) ~f J"IP
J~U~'r; v!J~ JIP0:. -~f ..:::
J} fl!.z c-.::/; 'r; c- elf~1V
f' J..::;u, IU;~
C- -?J L elf(f' 'r; k"..:::"J f_t;fifl.d L J
.2..2!:.f
J;#-I" ~IJJ (~ S LI/ J IU':?J JJfU"-'_7,;-f C- fl'J

IuJ'. JJfO~ SJ~I t,j UfJ~ UIV(i C- LJPJ L 41JJf


UfJ~
L,J L UIV.:;JJ ~IP L .JJ.Jf[.;11(2)-11/J Iuh JJf k"J)J
S .JJ.JIt,I1(3)-1Jf c,~ ~ojl ojl c-f k"Jai' ":"'t---fJ JL ~ el' ~
Lf O;JJ"";iJVS vf 'f rf '-1lr "' vI f rJ'v? "cJ'i ,.I" ":-J~
167

-~
':".I~ J j' .IL ._!;} v! ':".I~ J't i ~Y v! ~; J~.1 :: ~
-I I.:..~(~~,
j.,r ~.J~ JI J' .:J. J '":-"lj o: 1.1' .IJ' tJ./
d_)' d.;;)1L U~J~ LfPJ i V~ ~~ ~ L u}W' o: f1748
(4)-V/ OJ r.4)) ~j'.I; 1.1' li' IJIP ~~ e...Ji. L 1.1' .IJ'Vj'I
,.;>'.1J ,-:,,'}i j.,r ':".IJ/ ~ 2_ L u~V ~ ':::;JL -G.
...J,..l.- 1.1' .IJ'~ L.I J~J.-cl: J"J/.; ~ uJ.I'~; .IJ'UJ..1.L 'uP-V
1.1' i J,,* {;,j Lt' ~ L u(; tJJ.lJif -~L~VJ~' ,,:/~(' /t v!
~ 1~.1~, J"u; L 1.1' ~.,J.I:: ~ L.,r-;::..J.I J1J 0' jJ ...fi ~j ~
.;!
V.'(5)-1J -;::..J.I L ,-:,,') 0: L UJ..1.Lu-?tj .IJ' :t.J', VJ~J
V.I~' 1.:..1'J.l0k-- U' (j' J' (j~J.P; L uJ-"~.J L 1.1' .IJ'~~~,
uyl' u~ v! J~ 2_ 1.1' -VJ~' Iu}J.) U' (j' 2_ L Jv~U'.IJ' . ,.
-v
J' ~1lr .IJ'.:..?.1'u?;t.-- tJ.I~.IJ ~IP .I'.ti' vk-- ~ ~ ~ L
s: 6h ':::;J1.1' o: (j~J.P; Yo VJ~' Iu}J.) U' (j' L tJ;.IJ"";iJP
~ ,~ .:..j J/2... L J{'~ ";>JJ' uj~(j' v! JJ L ,j'2... 1.1'
-J.,r
1.1' .::/;tJ.:: L u,f' -I J' uJ:!j j~J.P; -=<fi v! {;,j S~
.::/;tJ. --?/~, Yo 2_ 1.1' -~ ~ ~ .::/;tJ.~, L ~ f J'.I~' 2_
-~ L.,r~ .I~'; LJ"'~' OJ c;!.I.I~'
(itj /(;J) Lv' f £.1 ~ I';-J (j~ 2_ 1.1' ~ 2_ L ~eJ
r
,y ~ u".} .IJ'u _.(Zj r~,~ tJ.I'J~JJli' OJ ~";>J 0' .IJ'~ V
_~L.f

(1)
t~ ~~, J' u-"'j.f):.IJ'~j 'ffPJ 'J;t.-- J1.1 J' (j~J.P;
168

IJII ~JJJJI? ':'-?J .e:~ J;I..:;.... vII! A~.J L J[-v!


'"(fi r~IP JU;I ...f U~ s: L.f J~I 4-.7 L (' fi OJ V- L.f
J;~ oJ t.) 0' _i:... ~ uiJJ if- V- VI
UJJ~ J{ ...f .:iJJ VI ..:;....
~ rO'e'(SJ[ r./I...fl tt -I ~ ;/...:;....
UJit;.-J~v! YI JJI
Jju, J:' ~"' cJl_i:...~ J~ J} J1~
JI~.J L J{ f" OJ 1% =
J~Jif- -Ojl_tl JJ J~J~ ~I ~" ttj}fJlj _;j ~Jf' eJIJI
iJi
_~.:.-L# V-,...I.-l- LU~I;r~",,j>. V1-fo C)JIJJJI
" C)Ip r 'f~ tJj V- UJit;.-J~? r" JJI...fl V- ~'e'(S C)I
L C)I..f £'-1 JJ1 tf (il UI~ J....; t.f .:;,/!2_ L ~Y't.f (II'~
~ 2_ VI - J./.
~UJ1C)v jt;.-J;;.z OJ 7~" (lSi J~I (lSi fi 2_
(jV ~.fA" UJ;!J' L.:;,/f L 4.1'JJIJJ1 rr ~
ok-- S J[
~.f r? L {:;~I t!~..:;....I L (I' ji ~.f
if-vl?I '( 4.111t!;:,.;
ok-- J J{ 'f- Jr J....; ~1¢I~ v! ~k-- J C)t;.-J;;.zflJ1 tf
&0 J-Je VJ L v' ~ 'v!)v t.f {:;Y.V JJIJ~I 1ft:¥! .:.-IPP
JJJ

JJIJJ1F cr.~...fl J-~J JI ~JJIJL1~t.f C)t;.-J;;.z'LJ1,;,i.;:


JJI 41JJI'J? Jt 'j~ 'J?' L if- L (lSi L J~I L OJJ..Jj jJ1}
L J{L.fF ..:;....
u~.) JJIuk 'uil.{ ok-- J;I 1U;'-~J U/JJ
JJIIf J~ C)I2_ L ~ 1(1' jt;.-JPi flJ1 = ..:;....vI ~ L V- ~
2_ L J; JC)V'JPi":;""J;~ J-JCJ~I = -fJ.:.-I{..:;.... Uiy;!_
..ijJOJljr _;u;LuJJtf~Lr ~J£IJ1':'-:~ _/ylil4-
U~ i:... L uj~ '" C)I(I' Jr ~JJI JLJ eJ~j..:;.... ~ V- vI ji ~
(I' u~Jv! J-~J t.f ui.'i
JJIUJ~IJU~ U~ .::/!t.f UJJ'1
L oj~j jJ1}f~J.f.:.-:~ -: L DJei:... 4ft..:,.-(,..:;.... C)I..:;....J;~ ok--
~Y't.f (I' L C)V'JPiL J' vI L 4.1'~ UJ1;; r~ (1:1ok--
(L J/" ~~J t.f /l)JJI(i 2_ vI J1}J Jlf ..:;....
(Uii J~I d.?~ ~ 1
169

'Jyl L I!)I.t1P 0'' 'J-'? L LIJ


.J~.JJ ~~ ~/ r VI-Lf ,f-'
~ i:.. Lfl.JI:/" L .:;:;jl p. i:.. ~UI. ,.1)14-/
~LL,il J J;!J
if .A!IJf L ~ ~.J~ P. J~'(~ /-.tl V'/(11 f T -:~
-~rJr1.J U/ JJS I!)~J~ JJ J(JIP If..~ 1.f11l{ "c,tl...f e"
(2)
p.,j O'.J.f1'/~~ ~1)iiJ~1J~ I!)I.::/; S J[ J..I!)~J~
J J:~e_ ;-1.-- ;-1.-- L 'T"J¢I~ .s: 'f-.J.f1VJ.J J..1!)t;.tl';:;'J vI
I!)~J~ ~I./I L vI i:.. 'f-.J.f1~ J.. -1-" L 'T"J¢IvI P. ~1)ii ok--
~IP~IS J 2...L£.J.J~.I. JJ) ~IJ[-i:..T.J ~~V,.J ~ J..
.JJI2... L...6. ~ .::/I.J 41!)~J~ ~IP~I -: S J[ ,j 0'.1f.J~I
v!
.J. -f' L ~IP~I I!)I2... vI .JIAJC;:I2... L (II ~ ~IJ.J
0.1. AJI J:~J ok-- J 0;), S ,-}lr ~ vI .JJI1J ~ f!lt / ,-}lr
:"Je ~.f1'/~~
~I.Jt " vI i C~1'; / _;f 1.Jp )i ';:;'J L~ vfy (1)

-J&
c..!f>I~"JI _C~l/eP ( J{ 4- S Ji.Jl J.. J)~' (2)

-J~J',f-' IYj J'~~~Ij2...LJ,:.v.y J..J}~ fC.f1


fi~ L j~I L~; ~Ij ~ J.. VI i 1.f1(.;V (llii ( '-~ (3)

~Ij '-t' tlltll cI'.I.-f' ~cc: k: J.. ,,:,j J/


J.. J..J2... L
(Ii S LII J.. ,,:,j L J..JeJ J,[ ~.1.1.1. L LI'J;-~~
-~ cc: f ,f-' 'J'~ ~ U.Ji~Ly.J
.J~ ..:JPI.. J.. ~tJ.lr "
0;), ~f i f.f1 V; I!)}'i ( UJ" S e-r.: (4)

-01/
_'.f1I?: " L~LII >. ...(1 2... L Jt.~ J.. Jk- (5)
170

-J~~J}u:t,fubjJlt~ (6)
-,f I~ Ji ')t L)! ,jf If!J, L,.)I; L J' (7)

,f I.)fl L .::./f ~ ~)j L if. (fI8I9) ~') J? ct/; (8)

(' L)! I.)j)~; )j' I.)j)/.~ ~ v"~ J:) J' ~ {/.~ '~')
-ll{~ j

v?,~>. >. ~ Ji J ':::;'j V' L)! iy) s _/'L I.)i~ (9)


LJ'i) (I.);J'~2... L I.)~ J} J£ J!~(.;V t~ (i
_L
'JA L)! J1 U:t,'/' -,f'~ JJ 4- L)! I.)~~ L .::-IP~' J.j
-{j~ JIiZ'-' ( ()~i,f ( lSi~' 't'jj;.o J"J'1.::./'f ,f ,fi U:t!,
~ ,f ~j '( ( ~ oj >. ,f ui .:)v ,f ~ L)J:)~ L)! I.)}()jl ..Jf
. ~ 2... L.::-~ .::-'j ~' L U~, u:~, i ,~( ( L~ L/. )jl c.l~~'
)j' jRi~' i ~,~~~ L)! if.,~ ( (~ oj ,f( (j ~, ~ '1Pf
(6)-k"Jk> J~tL l.)}jJc.l~
L~~ J' ;#_i. c.l~-: ~ u.f~, ,f ,..u,. u' u:JIiZ'-' ( I.)yi)(
j ,.JiiJ U)~j)( -:,J. L~ 'J~ ~J, ( 1.)..r.:~jRi
';"')j L c.l'fi:.. fl.
_i:..fl.L~~
i vf'~u~LfJ:L)! (', L c.l~jRii ..J) ~, L .::-IP~' c.l'
)I..~,j'{)j' (j -:{J",V' Lb)C -J~'~JJ 4- L)! ~j..J) U/jJ
J{ V- ",:,,0;1' V' _~i ~,.J' ( fI857 L)! ,.;:. L (J~ V' ~ (J~ (
~..::..Y.) v?u, j~jRi..f l.::-j J.yv ~ J; ._fi JIP/-.::./f ,f
~, ~~( L)! V' ~ (J~ ~, c.l~)J L l.)"'Uii J~' jJ fI857 -v!'
'J'{-=<'j) ,f c.l'J(t,f c.l~jRi~}f2... V' -~ ~ J; ;:,J t~ lSi
-,J d ,f J'/,. .::./'; J'/..::..Y.)
)j',.
171

(3)
Jl
~...;! el' 'f- cC ~ IJ.'J ~ L~;;;i ....;i:I/ ....~ L 1'1857
S t! S S
L ~JGo! 1:)1 fl..c:I ~JGo!VI L L)r. ~ r L)J1j ;;;i~ Jl
~J S1:)1 svf'~JifJ: ...;! el' L L)r. ,/. J.j SJ[ 4i
~1Pf.L.#I
e~ L L)y.j Po L ~JGo!0;:..
)JV... . '!'- ~..:-Ly ..:-Ij.nl ......-1--'
,v-r •
r el' ~
8J fl/),f. ",..:-~
1)'1 / J'
..:-;Z> S~ S
)JI JI) jr.;: '~"" tt ~
1)'1 )JI 4./.J;-L.-r el' -LJ1 e: ;-L.- L el' L J[ .Yo -JiJV L (u;,. el'

L 1)'1 )JI J[ L UJLhl) (V el' ~ ~ 1'1857-v/ JLh) S ",:",t¢I .


r uJ1j ..x ':')J ji L U';I 2.... 1)'1 _i:.. ..:-liW hI ~ UJA~.Nf
/, y;),f. ~ ~J SL)J1j...;! L,)'i)yI JP! )JI 1/~ J ~...;! 4;-J;-L.-
8J s: £ t;; ,f-' J) J~L)~ J-~)J~ Jk 0/JJ -Ly; ;-L.- L el'
-SJ.J,S J[ "';iJV L uy}j )JI 'f-) )IJ~JL J[
eti L~~Jlj ....;i:I/ ";;IJ 1)'1 Ly; -;£ b)L S 1'1857v! )JJ J.:..A!
~J
.. )Jj /.,.~L· vr'l7'-"
ar' ~
,.I~ _0;:.. a--'~ ~ v-

,v.-,,, ,.,1 0;:.. LIP. IJ.'J ~
. '! v,
oj~I J/r UJJk ....G.S1'1857f LJ1
u! 1)'1 )JI oj L u;~ ...;)'"
-t!....G.J;>SL);~ )JIJk....G.~f 'f-~..:::;? f~,f-' ~
L L);lJ..-'"f); if.I./.J L)~V ); 0' J! L L)JJk...;! vI
VI -
r'I f~L.. tJ~ ~ /..:::;?
.. _~ ,-.!cL.,v..,.
~ L)J'l./t It.~ 1Wr....G..VI' v-
L elt:-tl i:.. LII' r_;,/ elij
y
el~ JJI /y JL L (;(Jk 2.... L Lj
y

tSUi.t~ S..:-~1)'1 u! 1)'1 ~ elk:.Yo u! ~) ~L J')jj ('!jJ


.Yo 'ul;J;; nl/JIlIL u;~ )JI Jk --?/ J; u!.::/$ 0)1a" f 'f-
f 'f- ~ -=; ~ 1)'1 Iy; .J,i/. JJ. ~ ~ _/ L I)'I'~ I)'y~ oJ! ~
~L 1'1857-t!J~ ~~ SJJ ...;! U;~ )JI L)JJk L UJJ!
....
S1:)1 f i:.. L~ L)~/ J;/ J~J~~ L)~ IL)-tJ~Jk '~J;; ...;!
L UV~ ()"J )JI i:.. LA 2.... u~ { u! UJ) Ij~ L JJ 8J 4y; e
172

p. u~V ,f u~J~ 2. LIA 2._ L Lj '- UJ~ J.IY L r


,+cC fv.! ~~/-,-I''-l:Jv!..AvILu~1
.nl ,f .I~I .:;,~ L ':;'Ju.t..Ju; L J[ ~ ,1' 'i- ..:;;;}> -=
-&" L ,~L uiL¥" .:iJJ1.1' j 'I~ v! '-,? .Iltil r (;)1v! (;)~~
eJ '- ?-'~,fl -~~ jJ r ,~I L .::./'f JJYI v.. (;)~~ L P.
~ ~ u1/,1'i:..,:, ~IJ r./ O.l{ '- .:;,tJlP
.IJI..::..--k--,f
(;)~~
1.1' v! ,1857 ~i:..~, tf (i .::./'f 0:1. >. ,f 1.1'~ i:.. ~, ,~I r
..J/..ij -=,1't! ~ l,f (;)1~ J; 0:.1. I..A 1.1' L P. 0:.1.
I)! (;)V-~ ,1'1/v.! .Ii ".:;;;}> 1.1' L U~I -'i-.1 JJA._£. uiL¥"
,1' Ii-= ~ b" (;)1ji '+ ,f U~JPi-=<1' ~ L/.! I)! ~ I (;)L¥"
,f (;)I-="~ j',/.~(j '-A I uJJ~fJf J'(j '- (;)~J~ UJ~I
1.1' 'f ~jJ ,~'- ?-'~-1if' J.U
r cf.J.IJ"~J. L '-y'JJ 1.1'L
v.. u~JPi..J) 0/ JJ.IJItJljtJ~f ,f 0,1 J0:.1. .IJI~ l..ij
p.1t:J,f J!fl (""JPiLu? L.t1~I.:;,";;IJ£ -vf'~u~lf~
v.. (;)'-I/J); /ij '- ~ 0:.1. 11.1' 'i {~J/ (;)'.IJJL,.,.~ v'
f (;)~I b" .:..r~J~~I L U? ''i- JIP,f ~I ~ ,f ..±II.sItS}".
:~if":"/If ~ ~I 'L
e~ ":,,V (JIV .1;/ .:)1 .IJ Jj ~
e~J~ ..±II .sl ..J liJ JIP
't!
,f.t1 J...; v!.IR p..J('" JI{ --&' L U~I
.J('" ,-A ,-I
,1'1i ,.,JI--&, -= it..t1 Ji> .:;,~~
L UJJ~'- 1.1' tf J....; it
I..ij vt f ~V"'.:? o.lr{JIFI("" J~ L 0,1 J .IJI~ 0:1.
j~,
L '~J~-1/ .A Ib-: b"JI.;:L U~I i:.. ~ tS}".-(II)! J'J-l/.IJ/"
NL U~I 'LJJI.;:'- J'v.! v..~ ji JI ,1''{{ '- (;)1"1.1'
~vL vI ,fl(1)-1h j~'- v'f~'v.!' L '~J~{VI '- U~JPi
173

..A J v! ,1857 -J/ _;~ 0VI L:r I~ v!'" oJ.! cJtJ..--"~ .Po
-V!.JJiJI cJ~~} I.))JJ",,~I)I LVI
Ji Jiji J} / ,.,.~vI L r P.L UJI;;JcJ~J cJ'V--~~ /.
-?/ v'.Po'~ ~J/-i / I.)~ ~I" ~ v! Jp. L~} .JJItJ.:, ""
IIJ ~ P. L..J(; L ~~ vI L I.)J.Jl!cJIJ',{'£,f- L JJ)
J.Jy" / I.),.!~.JJI OJ>
/0Lf .::.,.'t .JIJGJrI.)J:/I /Jj j L.n.JV/
1.)(; ",:,1) L ~/. !V ('j'
:'T- J~0vI cJk: r.IJI.-!
.nJ~IJJI.I~ (;,}'J'~~,_t!/{':"Ju.tJj;I L v!
'e~ 'J,./. "./.1/
,..I.;; _tlJ) vII) .JI.J:.1Jr~ J'.1'o nl t
vI _I) JJ.J'" ~ '.J~1:1J:J.J (/- ytJ ~ J5 .JJI.JiI.)~
J'. -1/v!' ~,rJ. f" -Bf L ~~.J.J;: .JJI1.)(; ~ """ ~J

-? -~}_,(~ f" .I,? "" L (;,} t


L cJ~~....,; ..ilJ
V- .Ik#' '-/- (J vI (I) ~.1 J I.),.!~J~1/,.:.! ~I L v!
cJI~/ If- ~ I.)~I)'1.)1;1P. -1/y ~~p. L 1.)';1 -l ,f-
v'-'''cJ} J~r d,; V- V'v!"",,(;,}S....,; .IJ'IJ/-
(8)YIV 1/IJ/- v!

JI.JIfj~ '~~ tt:,)i e~ .IJI.-! v! do 'lhl.l.J? L ,1857


~~y Ifdo -~ L" L~ L J[.Po~ Jj eJ =v! ~ ~j6> .IJ'
~J} ~ r cJ' "" d) V- ~ V' z..
VI -v! J" J5 "" cJI
f Jlr..:J> J;I eJ ""A V- ~.J~ 0~k--rfl) J~ _J. I),f- ';1/
V' L ~~ tt J~ 0v' L vf f ~(p .I,_t;,.IJI~~y J"J/ L
v! ~rvI _I) ~~ z.. L..::,.,;>,'~' L U":I.Po'T- d' "" ~r
I~ f /..I; v' eJ /. ~ V!,j-- .Po SI.)J.I
'.J:."'".IJ'I.)~ I L u,.:,
:"Ie - /. uJ,f-V!,j-- = J!V- _;L; L (;,~ ~I L
ALJiJ~ : ~I,)J
174

AL.I'l; 25 J;.I,IJir;
AL.I'l; -£1 .I I;r.,...
-v? ~VJ.1t" JUJj~ ,R.
AL ~"'.1 13 .I I~
AL ~"'.1 35 )~f
(9)AL~"'.1 6 ~~ .I,' e.l~
, cJ~ .I,' ~ ~ J,~0" A v! ';:'.I~ J ~~r~L" tt
O'~ ,1'~ v!.... ~ V' ,1'1) r~ e~ .IJv.JI, If.. z. ~f tll f ..::/}
v:jJ .1,1.;:,Ly.lJ.I~.IJ~',j'::;, V' s: 'T-.I.f ,J.1P r .I,' J;:j
.;:,yt

(10)4J J eJ~

L u,)'Z. ,'// j'. L .j'rIL u,J, v! ....


~ vI L f1857
OJ -lk- if.! J:" I:t:::- uJ..; J', LJ1 Ji~ t:::- cJ~'~ .I,' cJ~~
Lu';' _~p Ji'l L f~'L (lSi L'{ .1,1s: ~f wI oty v! tiL
~ ~.I{ V' ..j~ 1/if.! oj';:' r.;:,111,.I,' J; J..;Lj
(' V'.I~.I~ v! .... .
v!
A L.f'( 'VJ. L J{ j'. f .;:,I,tl,I' (1.7 cJlOJ ,1' LJ1.;:,tL'" L
~ ~~J.lljt;,;/ L J{ dif if "e _L tJ)'o;:j f .;:,~I,.J JI{ t:::-
-'T-f ~.115.1~t:::-' .1,1 'T- (.I JL)JJ;:.z -= f J~ L .IJI.-!cJr;{Vi
2... L ut.~"':'""t.t.lJ~ t,;(i/. v! uk- f S~ tf " vi L u';'(ll)
...fI S L~ J~ if.!, t:::- ~~ S .::/f f ~ .I,' 'T- c~til u,{
L""J,'J"'.I;~/.(12)_L~ ~.f'(0:1(.1 V' 2...vl'T-~ I
v? tJ.3.1f -:J'~~.1,1 J;:j .;:,J '~..z fl/Ji I,)! cJ~1 -..f' ,;-'
j'.

~, .1,1fY' v! ,;Lj L J{ ~ -v? j;;f v!..u. L cJy J~,~


t:::- ""It'(13)-IJ1;£ ul-f I;jJ1 if' OJ.lJIjJ1 if.! .;:,J S uil;:r;
J
/.. J A
.;:,~
V' LJ1 L) ",:"IVt:::- UJ.7.l.IJ'UJ)Kj v! J'IJ1VV cJ~1j'.
175

tf Un L -?)J JJI v! .::)I~ v! J...I.- L ,.,.jp ~I ..( ~ )Jj "


~ (iv!?'"~ V'(14)+ J7 4- tf cJIYo 'i- C~t.t1}'IP"~I})J
..('i- Ci v! cr j~ Jlr ~ iV1~ 1;;...,1;;;i J',I ~~ L fI857

~ ..(1) 1i CJ1~ v! cJ~Jk <:~ .11..-- L ":,,,t¢I vI ...f .)If J (I'


(I'i rr )I_t;y /. cJ'~(;~ JI)JI JJ1":"JI,;!';iJPL cJ'~(;O'~ cJy
-fl P.)I_t;I~fi -bj c?
L 1.:)1 s: ?.J .JJJ.JJI J) I;;... u~~ (li 1.:)1
J~ J/I.)! J~;~ J~~cJ'~(; O'~.1.::/;
1.:)1 .JJII) P. JL,.J--I
(I'_~ L~_; J.- J/r .:;$ ~' )JI z.: .:;$ ~ 1$'u,J JtJ ~
z_ vI - J[ ~ if. e: JL,.J--I~ 1$'.11 I.:)y J~Jk e: L
L cJlp L ~j _y ~ ~ ){/. v!,.,.~vI L (I' L cJ~Jk
L o"'J~J)JI ~ I;;... L cJ~Jk
Uiy -v~
It; I~..Ar Jj ~
-f!vI JJ1 ":,,,k-~--fi ~"J~ ~ if.f ~~ .J:.~).~ vI ..:..~..Ar
J{' 2.... v' ~ l5.J~I;;... ..:-~ L ":,,,JJjilJ:r- .JJIJtr J uk-- Lhl.JL
-J.!J1'( fJ1.J~r u#. L~i .JJIJ;I..--'Jliiltv?u,...;J~ ~

(4)
~I,.v J -...id~ V/1;;...1)J L cJ}J Ji cJ~Jk""~ L fI857
CJ1'AI'J ~I ~b.JC D~ I;;... ui~ (V cJI~ 'LJ1)~ ~( J t 'L
LI/ .,.JJIL. v."",))fI857 -~, l% ";iJPL UJt.:7 J ..:..~I} 0'.1 In Yo ~, .
..:-~ ~~.J .JJI~ u! if-'~ (J~ --f' ~.11;1 .JJI..:-~IJ.J..:-y;i
L.JI_t;IJ .)Vl~1/t !:-.JI_t;IJ.) ,,?)iI.:)~JPi-JJ1d~
1;;...,1 ;;;; Ifl )JI 1Jf JIJ I.)! .Nt .J:..Af'f JIiJ I;;... JvJ cJJ.l I;;...!
~ filS! ~j L U';::~JPi 2_ vI JJ1 f';" ~ ,JP Jj v! cJ~J~
l.Jr uk-- .JJ'~}I ~ ~j I.)!1.:)1 L J~tIf' ~ JJ1 (~t-fi
_Lf'.J'..Ar.
M _
176

LIp

J. Sarkar :Fall of the Moghal Empire I,


Calcutta. 1950.P.P.59-60.

178-175:'" <rT '*"") .JJf bJC -2


111-104:'" (T '*""): "~f-3
80-79:'" (J,f '*""): J V' -4
62-61:'" : "~f -5
15-12:'" ,1958,;tr ,1857: ctfJ-f I;/.' -6
144-143:4.1 '1960JJ«(J~,.,.:»J'LJf.t~ rPiL~:..J U~-7
¥ JJL.!Ul; ",:"fi:J:1f I(,1857OJfji ....p.: ob. s: ;.c-8
166-165:'" ,1966~ if
P.c. Gupta :Nana Sahib and the Rising of-9
Cawnpore. Oxford. 1963. P ..P 87-
81.
135-1344.1 : U~ .1-10

5 '" : I;/.' -11


11 : 4.1 : "~f -12
31 :v:"~f -13

36 : '" : "~f -14


177

L ..J'J v' s:tf- 2_ v'.::..t" Jl.i' I)! b.l Sd!;:--J-'1I,,1857


I(I;.j J'1.1.L U,), .J.~ (. (~L UJJt .;/ _:,I)! d!;:--J-'1Po
/i -tf- LY;I)!b.lLf~ ~f ~ 1.1':.0' 'i-' I)! d!;:--J-'1Lf J_.;?
y; (~ ..:..~ ~ I)! '-A L V' tf- L11u~..; ~J¢, Yo f ..J'~ r" &J
'v.r Lf JJ:::_J1 ~ ,;-' ,;-' i)y' I.::..t" S'_;;'J V' .IJ' v.r L~
.IJ' uiV 'uif..vk-' ~ "" ,,'k.' -: f' 'f- 21.-- L '_;;'JL ,,1857;; if..
..:..'J' ''':'''Y'' L ..J'J v' I)! ,,'k.' ~ji +~.1 ~ r .!$.I)! or»:
L:,,1857J!;:--J..tjJ£"".I ...f UJ:t!,.;/ Jy;.!$.1f Yo",..::..::;' .IJ'
&J

)"1) .I;' v' r.::/, OJt"' d' .IJ' s. ';j .I;' V' ~ rlJ;,-
J~J &Jj

(t (.I~~'.L UJJI"e -S~ ..:..~f J'", (.;,-iy'V'.L U,),


-: ~.I~ J£,_;!"".I~~' Y; (Ii L d!;:--J-'1f~J~;", V'.IJ' 1J
L V;.IJ' j' 1~ .IJ' JiG".::/' SUJJt v! ~!;:--J-'1s» ~ (_,P
1..1' fl) ';J!? L ":"JGo!&J 'y; ....~ Yo .IJ' 'y; J'J) Yo r u.i!;:--J-'1.;U;

.£..:..1I1PL 1857.L ()y.J eG"J.IJ'J.if~ 'U~ d!;:--J-'1do 2_


~~.SL.).i!;:--J-'1(';" -: fk"'A;' r ..:..~V' .IJ' 1f"".I".;':;_'.L U,),
1~t
_I) .;U; L.::/; JiG" ~
. ui'.v~'uiY' oiU,/.1)! '-A L ..J'J v' r I)! ,.'k.' ~
f:ijk.~V vif-:I)!ji .IJ,LtJ.I ~",..:..~ Luj.ly' .IJ'
-0-: "e _Ly; J.,,;..:..y;i L u.i!;:--J-'1v! ~~ L '_;;'J 1..1'
~ vi' if- )J' I) ~~ r ..:...?- 2_ L UJJ' '_;;'Jr,,1857f 'f- .:;;;?
178

-Jf I.f') Yi)~ ,_?u, jl;:--JPi ~j ~j )J' ~~) Yi ~ )'tl' ~ c.I'


''::-J~!, "";iJ,7 L.::/; ~')J' ~ ~) .a,z JC'r' Jv. lJ) v.. c.I' ~ V'
r ....
j 'Yi ~~-:-->. 2... v' i:.. tf-) J ~ 4f )~ ~~....~ ~~I?'
~~~t.!'::-JGo!s U'2~ J'J ~ L/fL/ (.;; tJ)i "'~ V'L u";'
v' )J' !( ,..,v L Un fr L lSJ~rS J v.. if.f t.! '::-JGo!U:' ~,
-k")l,$' ~.::-~~.7;-''''';iJ,7 L.::/; lS)U,/.L/
JI ~f~ J~~ji j tf '::-J~.LuJJ~ v...)/- v.. fI857 -:-->.
.::-Gt,C;,~ j;ji v' v.. ~"j2 _t L~ Yi r~ I.f' k n' tf- ....~ ~,
~j lS)U,/.lS)'J....j (V tf V' o:./J).YJ tJ)U,/. f t] ~-?J tf V' _LYi
S u'2~ '::-JGo!~ f~ft{/J j;ji v' .L u";' 2... vI -t.! Jz~I;)'j",
-t.! ~/ ~, c.I~)J L.::/; )J' u'2~ ~ ~ c./ v' -t.! '::-JGo!
~ .::-Gt,C;,c.I~)J L (',)J'.::/; cf Jf~'::-Jl1!v' L/.IY L V'
JJ'.;)llS)J ....j lS)!'- S _;'J V' u i:.. .zC ~)!Yo v.. ,;ft -~ ~
~fuil;:--JPi ~ -?J S~~(; sj. f i:.. tf-) J'j/ L-6(
+cC ~'Y"";iJ,7L V' tf-)~ .::/f f'Yi J~
)J'

uf..i (V"";iJ,7L L)JJ' -:-->. f'Yi ~J v' ~i J'" ~_;'J V'


f'!( J~ ~ aAJJfJ}.L.::/; tjJ, n' V~J( ~ L/ lS/./
'''':''Y''' L ';'J vI fL/ v~ ff'~v'.L u";' v..1.f'.J"'-'
)J' '::-~YoJ

LYi' {(.;jJ a)~JJ L 1;1' LJ"':"~~ .:::JJ/. ~ 1;1' _rt L~ I/)i "'&0
b)C S--t.S L)'2~" L -}oj -;- ",:,,0"J; J. J..!.- v' _L~ ~J) /
LJ ~i~_;'J .L V' V- V' -JYi e~v.. f1867 ~ I;I_NJYo t.! ((
L fY' L I;II;:--JPiV- -1-' L ~;lS)U,/. f S I.f';:~ S .::-~
V' LYi
.::/; (j ~ Sun L;;f Of), -VL/ (JJ ~ '::-~YS c.I' / ;;f
S ~~(j S ii) 8J 'Jf v~L ~ L I;IVaJ jJf JYi f V-
v.:J'i~
.::/; LS:J'I L uP.u~ 1;1' ..flYi= 4" _rL '" (Jj ~ 1;1' ~ '7}
179

L v' .J." v.! J~..ir -:1 -:-~ ,.P f JII~ liZ v! U;JG-!-JtJ;L
S(j~~ -J) S":"Y" J'" 'f Yl15.1~~ ..:..~..ir.IJ'f ""~v IJlP
-!
S..:..~..irI;;'J '-.I{ Yo rs: ~ ~yt 4-' v! J.~ L v' .I
(J~ ~ cJ~.IJ L J~J JJ.: -:~;i L cJ' e.'f-.1 ~ v! tYJ.I
~ .::.<~ L u~, e: v' '" -J) SUJ;JI J v! J>. f !
.IJ'f"~IPo:t. ,,:,,} IcJ' i:LYl (UV Yo.; UJ:t!r ~ ~~ tf uJ?'V'J;;.z
(UV Yo L UJ;J! s» 15.1¥' ~ e: v' -:-V'~ ..(v L 15y.; ,;I~
f...f uk -~~ Yl LpJ .IJ' (.J,~v L cJ' 8J L~.; UJ?'V'JM
.. a/;,.. r (UV L cJ' ~ A L ~; 15:t!r ~ L u}.Iyt J'V'JPi J}
v' -~ v!;I~I ;I.JJ ~'V'IJ':::"::JJV u~ U;.I1 J!.IJI V'~
S
cf
Yo 'f- ",»J'V'JM ( '1857" ":,,C(J cf: -J -If J~~ I~ ..,...,..
Sv' f S# ~~;'{-k"LV' j J:'' '(}$ v! fl891 ~ cJ..,;l
~; I~; ls}U,./.IIJ f JYl ..:..12 -:I uJ?'V'JPi ~ S0)
--?J
~ J~ ( ":"JG-!IIJf JYl ~ .:.A -: It!'; JYl ~ ~; }i' ~~
_CVv!JJ
L J~tJ! f,Yl i.. vI ....~ '.It,..( ,1857 (J./JY' L J~ L v'
4i L V' ':'.IJ cf J;v ) J L yiJ j~ J'.1 .IJI -:-->~ tt '15}yt
£_L v.! ..:..~..ir,:,~~
_( J/v! (I/-JU; L -:J.I L ~, 15Ji
{_Ji cJ' L V' i.. VI '" ~ Llr / UJJ~ S~; 15J1 L ":"JG-!V'
'-t'
.IJ' ..:..'2 '15.1J1! L Ur.f'f- cf..JJ.} Sut'~ .IJ' UJ.I;clf'u}7-
-~ (($-''1.1~JJf~' 15}U,./.)'-Jd f UJ?'VJM~.:.A
-:.1. v! (1'1883) ub.lL S.I_; J~J_.v." ,,:,,0"'-t' L 7Yl- J'.1 - j
L ScJ' ~ .JJ' ,J _"I~ L Ut1~v! f'~1 f ~~ LYl L.f
":"JUo!

~ 1:)' ,0' L ":"-1 '-.i'J' LiJ L./:Jt I:)i'; -JYl .1/~; v! -1-.
180

L UYlJJJJIU?Lz ~I
v! ~I .2.. J'I.lt
v! uj ~ ....J;I v! ,.;. VI i 1/Yl
~ .::/; ~ -?J ,.f -:,,.f y. ,1'V;_J)~;
r JY1'
~ J~
-~ V'~!(JJ J
~ UJJI.i~ ~I ~ ,1'i:.. J~.lIR"j eJ.lJI.I~
-OJ)~;.lL..:.-}LYl L~I e~G ( J"'I.J:L U';I
~I ~.I-'" L)'IV 11./" 'f- r' '7.JiJjji .lJ'...f' v! '-.l~ L fI857
uLK. fl) ~( ~I .2..v! ~I;--JPlJ~y. fl/J; L ~!),O}u,/.~
~I,j J; v! .I'.ti' O}U,/. .:.qri J~,7- :Y ( (I' JI;--JPl...f
v.!1 .lJI~o/.I(I'L Ur. ,1'~ p. ( fyl ~~ -?J J7. f O.lV
J G"L Ji Jjji v' ~.1.1" L)'IV J}1)1.lJI.I~ (-J -~ IJ ~ .::/;
JjV -..fi JU)~ J.I? .lJI,....~'.IV,1''f- r.,I L J; 2... VI .2..
~Jv.- 0' -;-1Ji Jjji 0" "? -:,}I'v! U;~L ~,~ j lS'F' -'f-
UH L U}~ ,1'1/J; (fI86I~'\t fI857 J~J.lJ'-If.," ":,,C(Lt' L
L.::/$ o}u,/.8J -:'.lJ'~~ f~J 1UJJPl.lJ' ~1,)1'v! ,....~ v' 1
.2.. v.! "";iJV
Jlj~' L U';Iv! vl'r.,I J!y.",~';".. VI L 1J~I;--JPl/lr
,Yv! '-.l~ L ('7.o}u,/.f 'f-I/~~ i 1...Jd'(j' UH .lJ'U~~
.JG" ".I'; ~I;--I/',,:,,0" J 0),J112 .;
~,;"..
VI ''f- J.I~I J"..IV .
~ J.I~; 1J;:j J~JJ~JJ~~ fI857 L.._;;.p v! v' -'f-JJ
r uJ~~·L JJ 't7.' r JJ P. L v' A .lJ' 'f- 1/~~
.lJ'tYl .I.J:.lJ
J JJ Lu/; e;~r ";;'J v' -'f- ~~tc tYl ,-I' ,-'I' r vlr '-.l{
2! u';' y. 'f- LYl J!~ J,)J~' L -:J~ej';:' r vI 'Yl;' y.", iLJ
, '_~P!.L';;IJvl
oJ! v! -:,LjvI-JYl f'k.' JoJ'ji ...fi v! ~~JPl ~
j
'~.::A .lJ' J.,y v!~' .lJ'LI'~ .:,~~ v! uH "";tJP L .::/;
v! do f L~ I/J~'1uJ);~' L C.lL fl) 0.11/ 2... L L)
181

\ ~I '- j} 1,)'1;";;IJ~,1857 v! cI VI' ~ ~~ SI.)JJ! L I.)fl


JJI::-!""';iJP L.::/, UJ! f':f""';/ ,:,v! jJJ VI J',[Ii J~~
U:~)I;~UJlj; L I.).t?f ,-/.' 4f J'i' 4-' v! jJJVl..J. v!Yl
~ ,1857 ~ d~JP;" Lh~t,.. - UJ - UJ o: ,:,Lj VI -i~-v.:J.I dV
~ L VI -JYl ~r.:'- dj v! ,1909 Yo / ~C1.; "UJlj; --G.
,_;!j'",,' j~..ir'-X ~C1':f.a ~V~ ir.: (t ~,L._;;,v .; c?-~,
(j j~JP;ll.)i~ jJ' I.)JJP; v! V' J'!j L U.; (j jJI 'f- j /
II.);JJ d~ jJI JP; L'J? ~ v! --G. jJI 'f- V~ '- q ~
""';iJPL jlpl jJI.::/' J j f 'f- VV.:,;;~':fjJ' 'f- V~b:jJ/-i
-~ ~JJ! L (j jV-JP; of q.LI.);~ jJI I.)JJP;
v!}:--~ L UJlj;I";;IJ L ,1857 (,1947) pi. L r?~ j"/.
jJI" ~ Yl r jlpl UJ! ~I J,['VV dh: ,-.I·L~,.J;;)._i:I
r ~,_;! j'",,' ,:,'k4':::;? Lifo LLf dh: ~t,.. L .:i"~..irIDjL
"J!:C - v:' -v:' ~C1t.lI '- ~ v! J...L- vI _Ii IYl~J/J...L-
t".,..Jt,.. v L UJlj; --G. v! ,1957 L.::/' ~ d~JP; Yo 'f- ",1857
L Jjt,.. ~ ':f'Yl;; Yo v! ,1857 f 'f- ':f.l ,.J;;) ~ !:C4 S~r.:.;
-(f -j; 1.1 ,.J;;) vI L!:C 4'::"JI::-! oj -f' ':f..J.'Yllf.! v!;'.
'\:"JI::-!~ I.)..('~v! '1857" ~C1Lt' L 1.)';1 jJI 0j L jl,.4$.".
J1.)-!1~JP ':f_J 'I ~ '::"JI::-!Jj JI ':ff~ jJj .; v' v! (,1957)
V:' -v! 4· r"::"J~ v' OJ J!Yl~ J~ U,; Yo d'jJJ v' jJI i Jj?
"JJI::-!U,; v! Jj? j~JP;" LYl L.I.::.)J~ ~ vI L 15/,J~ - ~-
oj -f' ""';iJPL .::/,uillu ,1857 fV ~ 1.1 ,.J;;) vI v! (,1957)
~ ~ ""';iJPL I.)JJ! Yo 'f- LYl'-I.)JJI::-!d' jLJI rVI jJI" "::"JI::-!
. . -v! JYluj";-1
j_y,~ jJIJ;tl-Jr'V~..LO:J.I";;IJVlv!d~
182

.s.
(-J L u";'.:;... vi' V' 'V)1j uJ';! 0 u)~ I.N?J)! U){ V'
j 0 JI) n' .....
..... ~ '-.II,.- V' f 0 -=<:L1 0' ;;; L J;$/' .JJ'.JJt
:r
-~v.!.:;...UJJ-'1 r v' .JJ',J "u}~ U)J
~ tfiL _;'JV' a! 1:)' v.t,f / ~Cf.Yoa!JJ)',,~';y'V'
f1857" ",:",Cf~, L uk'"..J .J.-'f- V".JIPf' I.N?J)! 0u)~ ....;/a!
..:..:t -: )J' 'f- V'~ ~ c)j If~ ....;/ v! (fI960) "-=<.? ;~~ .JJI
;;;If' s: ~ ~ a!...fi v' u~;.:;... ~ f~ r.'f- 0~ I,JLJ
-'f- "fI857" ",:",Cf0/ Jy) (lJf.:;...,
-fi ojA ,fl-~.Jc~If))w I f1857 a! .::/, uJ' )JJ

J I:)~J-'1cl .JJ'IfuJ';! -t. L U-"~J-'1.:;...'a! J..l.- L uJ';!


jf J~' ~~, ~ 2... L v' -=<:fi 0'/-)y' a! uj. I:)~ U}JJ

rJ.-~tJ 1:),i'V ~ L j.. - Jj -~, u! f1922 " P V' -'f-


...;~,J.::..~
V' L V' v! V' '\5.J,1lfh-- ,J'::"JGo!
J~J-'1" " I:)'?
,J' ;;;i v' '..i' J~J-'1'£ J! 'J~..::;?)J a! f1857 fV'e.J~'
~~J~ ,JU~ ")} J;G' a! cJ~J-'1flf Lv' L,., LJ ..:.>t;.J
o .J~.JJeJ .JJ'~ 1£.1r-? I.:.._? J;G' V' 0 1:)' L uJJ! .JJ',J
..11,.- L ":::;'J f~ ''''.JJ/ -: ..J'tJl., _£ LJ'.J{ I",:",'l )J' .::..Ly)
.f _£ [_ LJr r'? ..:.,,;;{e.v-"'LJ'.Ji .,.I_'l J .::..Ly) 1:)' eJ..11,.-
1,1, .,

a! .:::;? i L~ IJ.'J.JJ'~ Vv.! ~ I~ J}G'0 e~J~L u";'


L UJJ! 4 SL)}'JL.fJ~J J?t..J~ SL)J~./IP!. L f1765
-~ I£J(6" Lu~.Yo 'Jjl(~ V' LJ(6".J,pl 1;;' a! I:)~J-'1
J.JJ.i Iv' '~JI., r ~ JI.,J.J.JJ') f:-..(, .Yoe~J~~ .:;...-?JV'
~ I 0 .::..~V'L uJJ' PJ. L fl848 -'Ji IJr,;, v' L uJJ! L
.:;...e~J~Lu";'vI' v'-L~J'u;.JJ"";tJV0.::..Ly) Oi~ f 0~;
,..;.!"' IlIJJ'L u,..:, u! f1856 -JU;)) "";0; 0 V' ~ V.d.Yo r U.J'JGJ
183

IJ.'J 2... I.f' -!f (J/ ..:;...j~ L I.f' It h ~,; L &~J~~ L)


.r
J ..:.-L,....1 J I:);~ .IJ' ~~.1 ~ ~~ S ":'-J~,,:...-ji,,:...-jitJ~./ii L~
_L t::......I).:;.J)r;(..:.-L'J.I
J; ';.1;' Y Itj.l'JIh &J _( jJ. e,... r..:.-~ , "'-
I.f' I(.)J~/tv.. 1"1857
,.1'#'; I.f' .!fA)./I&~J~~".IJ) L "::;U,L (.)".:,2... I.f' -I./..J)
SF &J ~ ('/' J":'-:/ Yo S&~J~V- tJfl.Jt !fA; J JCj..:;..., .IJ' ~%
L L/ .IJ' V!f ,jJIJr..:;...') I-J.ltj (/. 1&~J~.p! L I.f' 'L~
S .M!J~ J'J L~ J% _;u; L tJJJt &J .Jt !f JJ V- 1:)1.1..:;...'.P!
.r
Lf'.I''; I&~J~ L tJJJt JYoJ~L tJi~ (ti 1:)'_L~?,; ~~
-~(t r.l'; 11"18572...if' .IJ' IP(' I:)Y J;~ IJ} .IJ'
.Y/":'-~ ..:;...~ LI.P Jlr .IJ' rf'" '(j':~ Yo.; _;;'J L 1"1857
...f ,_,II/ ...f' -V:.Y/ .; ~J¢, ~tj f ~ IJ1 " ~ if' &J IJ1 0'.1
-Ii C~II(' ...f' ItJiJ~ J'J L.tZ V- ,,:,-v..J .IJ' tJJ/ V- ~J¢, ~tj
1:)'r.~ Lb1 &Ci ~ i V:.Y/":'-~ ;-v L JV" ~,;,... I.f' ~f
V',;,;-'&~ &~ ,_,iJ~ ~.IJ' Ii t..i' ":;"'I-/JJ -{, ~ r tJiJ~
Yo V- ..J...!.. L 1"1857L.Y/ a.l V- cfj I Z I.f' -v:
.Y/.::J L ..:.-tJlv
~ ..:;...)i1..Ji;i JJA I_;;'J I.f' L.Y/ ~ 11:)' IJ1 ~.Ii ~v ~ L
-7 ~.1~ Lz(J .d'v L .::.Y J Llf L
L I:)~J~ .M!J~ J~~" I:)~ ...f',;-' L Jj~ -Ji - J.lJJ'

I.f' L.Y/ 2!!..:.-tJlv L j~ L 1:1J:J.I (1"1972)".I'JGJ.IJ' J~ V-.I';


-1
v.. L.~I.f' I:)k--.IJL (.)i~'.1 .IJ'(.);W' Yo 7S (jJ I:)~ S JfY
f(~.I,t;,~, LfF ..::;u, S tJi~'.1 L tJ"':' .IJ' Li ..:;...tJ I:)~;'
_;v; L (.)JJt ~ .IJ'~ ..:.-GtC>, ~ V- tJ.Y/J./tJ;JJ 1:)'2... I.f'-ki
t;' &J f~ _,g;> ,,~, I.f' _;u; L 1:)'L (.);W'v.. I.f' i L.Y/.::....~
tjiU,/. ....;!lP/. L I.f' L d;~'.1 f L J) ~Iv ~'J
.I't;, '.Y/I;!'C
184

_~..!..: L)! UyLz U.I'JGJ.IJ' J~u~~ VI; .IJ' ~J)'1r- r.:;.,;f


.I_~ r u)~u ~.1;1;1 L)! u;.~YouJ Y J; L)! f1857 ~ U'
S c;: J> ,t,.
'y; D..(G.::;_
/ v.! ~ L)! ~~ L u)~(V
..!,.~ U -~

cr.; S do .IJ'~ '(' v.! j~u~L~ u£ u)~ .!''f-.1 Jy'1; u ~


v' -S L U,)"~~.1 ~ ~,.f ~t..1u~;~ .IJ' v! v.! i.l;
'::"J~

c u~~~U}U,/..7./j1f.::;_ L)! d' 'f- S J~.7./ JI} U/JJ S


L U";' i ~ y; .1/ :tI' .IJ' S L U~~ ~ s: ?-.1 J;;)
'::"J~

.IJ'i:..J~i L)! u~'( .7./Yo.! S.lL"!"~£./);'"uJ £ d' L)! U~~


(Pattern) dh YoL)! f1857 "j'i?y -'f-.1 .IJJ.::;_Uy'~ d' u i:.. JIP J j
(if .::;_ UJJ't'~~' Yo)~; DJJ''f-.1 )JGJj1f .I'~; ))L f ~ u~
v! '::"J~ L U,), e: v.! e,y' £ LV .::}JJ ~
c~ ri:..
Ly;
Jd' e: J~i .IJJ .::;_Jy J.z .IJ'~.I~ £ c;: ~ Yo"e -~~
,..,.J J ( L)! l:l' z_ v' -I f ~ v.! )'Ir- £.::}Y- L)! 0L .I'J'-t;
S.::}y- S Jy )J'-t; S u}l/.IJ' uJ)~j do.!-~ JJ} vl?' .IJ'
-'f-.1 ~ 1).::;_....~ v' u t] J~~ L)! 0L'::;_-?J
.::,.).( d.'~ 'y; '-t; ,;f ~, ~, r L)J.7.C L)! ..;Lj £ )p' u}U,/.
L l:l'.7.Cl:l' .I-'f-.I )JGJ £ uJ:tI' ~ z_ V' _i:.. Ly; ..(,j.:,..(. L)!
Yol S Un~ (j!J. JI1.1~ ~ _C'(' d~ /.::,.)( S do S.:Jl~
..::;u,~, L U,),i:.. 'f-.1 I), Dt'G.::;_V' .IJ'i:.. v! .:;.,;j!J. JJ[~
~/ JI}...fISv' -k"(r z_ £ ~ £.1 'p' uiU,/. £./J~' /
'f-.I./ (r z_ L .::,.'JlP£ J{.IJ' i:.. L)!.I;(. "::;J v' Yo'f- S l:ll; .J'
_i:..
V' L)! l:l' 0')'1r- /'~ ~,.f L f~ l:l~ f.:,..(.
L)! ....~ V'
~l:lL1)')J~ 'f- ":,,,)'.I'J L)! .I'P' uiU,/.l:l~~ k"fLy;,.f .::,.GiP,,,
£,1;;pi V' 'f- UJ,;i 0:J, L)! v' J'[ 'f-l:lL1)'.1'J-~ fl) J~ r;;
185

1.1' 'Ii 1.t1~ --?/ ~~ rI:l- .nl i:... v.. ~jJJ, S J{ Yoi:... OJ dIP f~

,-,";11,_;.! If!I .:)IP JL S v.. L~ L cJJ'! ..;Ii ..;/ 2...


f~ '-'~

-SAjl,; ";j)#L'-'JJtL
.~ Po L J~ L J{i L~ liJ / ,...~4/' "yO ji ~ 1.1'
v.. {t,j~~.nl ok-- v..;'. L 1.1' i 1/(i .I11i1 ~I v.. cJt:--Jk J~
'-'JJt _1.t1J~ (iii ..;1.lI~j~ ~yP ~ ,-,J..; cJl-J!; '-'~..;
-J J!'/ SL.lf / JI ok-- L '-'J.I~ ~ ~yP v.. 4JJJIL
cJl ~ ~J s.»J!J.I bi' ~V:.t1'::">Jjc.f!j S cJl v..,..u... 1.1'
e.-rLr( cJ~ ji 1/,.:;;-; 4IJJ' L '-'J:r/t ~ v.. ;1856 -J$ JJ ~ v..
J./1.t1~j ~I S cJl-i:....Ij~ '-7..I~ v.. 4IJJII.t1~ ~~./.~;
~ '-'JJ! f J J'lj ScJl i:... ~ b?--' L cJl 2_ L ~IP .IJI J
" 1.1' J!.f 't,;)..; OJ i:... ':-J ~~ ~Ii.'Yo/ y
4IJJI",:"I}.IJ' ".Ie.-rLr
'~jji / (UfJ t.5.1~ L if. -S J'J.I.Ir ";j)# L cJl.lJ' L.t1,/. .I~
.I~ J} (~~ L.i L ft,j 1.1' .IJ' l// ;;f r fY'~ Li L 1.1'
cJ' _L.t1 /{jJA (j~.I!i.' 60 L ~j S ",:,,')P. L J~I L 4IJJI_~.t1
~J~ ,J '-'Jj~ ~ ~ 0' .IJ' I/'~IJJ ~ ok--.IJ L ,-,ji~~
-,f cf. i.:-J~,J ,-,Po?J- .JjI.l{jJ.I ~ '(J/
:£..(IJ;,- Yo", cJt:--Jk JI L '-'JJ! v..P! .IJI cJ'.lJJ L ,...~
1.1'
f 4I.t~/ ,-,ii ~ ,.;-0 L ~ji 't~ "~~ I,-,ii-i:... LIJ':-J !Jr JJ OJ
f~1tft 't.l.lL---"'I'-'iAI 't.l Jr-~ I'-'~ ,-,i.ll 'tOr 'tlJ' J e.tj

JI L (IJ;,- cJ' - e).J e).J ~ ~ S L'6 .nl.lY ",-,,r. L ,-,ii 't!-} I


uj ~JI ,-,ii L ,-,j~ eJ~ L cJ~Jk J~~ ~yP .IJIcJt:--Jk
t .IJ' OiL L',... f~1P! el;.. .IJ'>- L:11" ,-}Lr '-.I{ .IJ'~ £ L.I
-~.1,/. J~£.IJ' L t.5~1
..1£ L.t1 ./.I./. L L.t1..; ~'JI L fl857 v.. ,-,j~ L cJ~
186

uiu,/. "' uk .JJ' ~ ~i v.. )~, v..


uiu,/. fI849 ":,,,1[., .JJ' fI843 /JIY
2._ v' ~ Li ,,/- ~I.-- L un
(~.f/0' J':::;'J vL &0 L jJ)
v.. v..
JJI"J. tJ' J,? u,;~~ u~ ~ -J/ v! fI857 uj~~, v..
-I.["J1
uJ'ji J..ff1857 v! ~~J ~\;:-'JPi Po L uJ'ji ,sr./. JYy
~ /JIY J ":,,,1[., OJ s:'f- iJ'.1 J1? f -:,j V- ~~ 2._ v' I/~(t r
r f (Ii ~, -v./ j~,eJ~j ~ eJ~j f uiJI"J. J'J LJ1 v.. ~~}.
(ji r v' JJ1 "::"JI"J.Yov.. fI857 -~ ,y."' .,::..~~eJ~; ~ JIP ,j..IC
-:f ~":"'Y" .IJ'"::"~YoJ OJ", uk iJ''; '~ ,,/- ~ uj~ L ~~
Lv' .IJIiJ'.1 JJ.JI v! ~\;:-'JPi J~-J/ ~.Ii (~"::"JI"J.-: 'j& "::"JG-!
f .,::..";;'J L fI8S7 2._ v' 'f- ~ uj~,,/-',j f r ~, ~ .V-i ~
~ ":,,,1[., J' s,'f- "::".IJ/,s v' i ,;.IJ''f- "::".IJ/',s ~ v..;:-- ~ v'
"::".I)r OJ f -:,; .IJ'-y ~ v! v,,j L u¥'f 1.1./~~ -: /JIY J'
-JJ1.IJJ ~ uj~ L ~~"::"JI"J.,s fI857 ..1£ -v./.I';J';) A'}
-'f-"/- ~ r~.Ic ,s uk -:2._ v'
·187
88l

~y~
f1526 /.~ cI...J'2 -1
f1530 (.::/f .m ~) Ui'" c/_...J'/t-2
f1555 ~ f1540 .::/f .JJJ t.).JY'
f1555 (.::/f .JJJY») Ui'"
f1556 JIcI...J'J1lr-3
f1605 Jill. c/_...J'.Ji -4
f1627 ~ .JJ'J-5
f1628 UIll..~ cI...J'":,,,t) -6
f1657 (~ .::.-1}) ~ Jy -7
f1660-1657 (~ J~)vI .~-8
f1658 ;:Pt.. ~j ..!.;J' cI...J',f -9
f1707 ·~t'-10
f1707 ~~)~(r-ll
f1707 JJ' .~ .JJL.!- JJ' (t...~ -12
f1712 cJl:l' (-'. -13
f1712 .~ .J'J UIll. cI...J~ -14
f1713 /.ii-15
f1719 '::'-~.J..J'cl.J c/_...J'~ -16
f1719 (» UIll..~ ..J.uJ' cl.J -17
f1719 /.~ -18
f1719 ..I cI...J~t -19
f1748 .JJL.! .~1' -20
f1754 (JJ;:pt..c/_...J'~ -21
f1760 (Y' L)~ e~ -22
f1760 (.:Y; .JJJU;) (JJ r~ _A'r. J c[.)' JIJr
e~ -23
f1778 ~.J'~-24
f1788 (.:Y; .JJJYJJ)(JJr~e~-25
f1806 (JJJ.ld.)'rF- -26
fl858-1838 (JJ e~.JJl-!c[.)' l:tY -27
189

JJ) JlfJG
(~'f UIVsr" P" tLl"..".?; JJ.J'- _..;;,. ~J); cr.'
~1877-1867';(r'O/.i ,if . ~'I.'
~1958~ j~..b..JJ' )J..J' d.",:,,'i
if -..::..-; ~t:.JJr(1Il1
~1956~if-~ L ~57 JGvi'
ji/ J' J;;j J'h J .J~.JJ<..;/}: ~.J?J J (j'_ r!' - if-'
(j~j
~1966.J.t1L1 J' ~/lr
".?; JJ) .J~.JJJJ t.d L j~(~a~ :.
~1967~ifJ'~
~1963~ if -".?; JJ) «(.JL.t.-p) ",:"L:i' ' ~. : ulVJIV
(~)J~f(IV' - ~ t~t,.l JISi ....' ,j.P
~1959JJ '~Jt-- Y' a.J~'OJ'jf ..b. O~.J&-' ~~}
(~).J.t1L1'.d ~, lJ' a~ J..A!'J or.... ,vt.J
~1950l.t1L1.d r~,.JJ'J» a~ .JJL!
~1965l.t1L1'rJ.:i~..p '~/ .::-L1~'-:.J.::-/.

~1962~ if J.J .J~' ,£'.J ulV .I ~ '::-JW


~1s91-1888;(r ~y1.1' JL : )J..J' (~'UIV j'i a~

~1955.J.t1L1-.J_;~t--'J ok",!
,.,?/ JJ) 2 k (UIV lJ~'~ e~J) J' J r
f'1961 J..'f-J'I~'
. -
cI_..J' if- ,9'"
~1966 J..., ,",-~J~J .JJI.J~I- ~Jt-- Y' a.J~1 : J.:v ....,,J?
~1965~if/'Jt.".?; JJ.l1c(.ji;) ,/. :' .J~~I:J'? (JJi
(~).J.t1L1~1857/ JY'.1 (~
190

fI896;:.i 2 k -.1m' diY .,:..lI''; "~~'J!


fI971.J..t1lJ -1,)1; ":;;')J' D.JC t'J.Ji'J,y
. flQ~6 l_.t

,..?;JJ.J'- D.JC d~.JJ'" o~


1'1965~ 1/-UJ~;/t..JJ./ L)L}' ..JJ./
.d 0"
1/-¥ .JJl.!L)I; ~'i '{V r 1'1857 UJ'j; ....t.

rf
ub.?
UJ~;t) .Ji' ~ 4r
(~).J..t1lJ .,:..p.~r J'j; ~..J
1'1957 JJ 3 k J'L.J '.t~ r Pi f~ L)'Y/..J
(\')~1/ibJJ'~ e~J~;(;.;J e'iJ oV.i'J,I
1'1957 J,-Jut;j'.J~ -,..?; JJ.J'-~ "'="; O/- /-(f /-'
1'1960 ~ I/Jut; .i'J,I -,..?; JJ.J'-U.JJ:> c.I~ JVJ~/-
1'1919~ 5-1 k -ibJJ'D.JC L)I; lI'r
1'1930 ;:.a\;0 J~r.JJ:> .::..--~ C.JC
1'1963.J.t1JJ..;f,j; :
191

Malwa and Adjoining Provinces.


Vol. 1-2. Shannon/Ireland, 1972.

Mudford,
Peter :Birds of Different Plumage. London,
1974.
Orlich, Captain,
Leopold Von. :Travels in India, including Sind and the
Punfab Vol. 1-2. London, 1845.

Parks, Fanny. :Wanderings of the Pilgrim, in Search of


the Picturesque. Vol.l-Z, Karachi,
1975.

Sarkar, J. :Fall of the Mughal Empire. Vol. 1-4.


Calcutta, 1950.

Sen, S.N. :Eighteen Fifty Seven. Calcutta, 1958.


Sleeman, W.H.:Rambles and Recollections of an
Indian Official. Karachi, 197,3.

Spear, P. :Twilight of the Mughals Cambndge,


1951.

Srivastava,
A.L :Shuja-ud-Daulah. Calcutta, 1939.

Thompson, E.:The making of the Indian Princes.


London, 1978.
19~

Andrew, cr. :Zaka Ullah of Delhi. Lahore, 1976.


/

Basu, B.D.Major:Rise of the Christian Power in India.


Second edition. Calcutta, 1931.
Bidwell, S. :Swords for Hire. London, 1971.
Chamberlain,
M.E. :Britain and India. Hambden,
Connecticut, 1974.
.Chandra,
Satish . :Parties and Politics at the Mughal :
Court. 1707-1740. Third edition.
Delhi, 1979.
Chaudhary,
S.B. :Civil Rebellions in the Indian Mutinies.
Calcutta, 1957.
Dubois,AbbeJ.:Hindu Manners, Customs and
Ceremonies. Reprinted. Oxford,
1959.
Duff, J.G. :A History of the Marattas. Bol. 1-3.
Calcutta, 1912.
Edwardes,
Michael :British India. 1772-1947.London,1967.
. .
_____ :King of the World. London, 1970.
_____ :The Orchid House. London, 1960.

Ganda Singh :Ahmad Shah Durrani. Bombay; 1959.


Grey, C. :European Adventurers of Northern
India.1785 to 1849. Lahore, 1929:
Gupta H.R. :Later Mughal .History of th.,
Punjab.Lahore, 1976.
Gupta, P.e. :Nana Sahib and the Rising at

You might also like