©COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DECEMBER 2001

COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN AISC-ASD89
Technical Note
Bending Stress Checks

This Technical Note describes how the program checks the bending stress for
AISC-ASD89 design. The bending stress checks are described for cases with
and without composite action.

Bending Stress Checks Without Composite Action

At each output station where there is negative moment in a composite section
or there is positive or negative moment in a noncomposite section, the asso-
ciated bending stress is checked at the following positions in the beam, as
applicable.

! The top of the top flange of the steel beam.

! The bottom of the bottom flange of the steel beam.

! The bottom of the cover plate if it exists.

Table 1 lists the equations that this program uses to calculate both the actual
bending stress and the allowable bending stress at each of these positions.

Table 1: Equations for Actual and Allowable Stresses for

Noncomposite Bending
Equation for Equation for
Location Calculating Actual Bending Stress Calculating Allowable Bending Stress
Top of beam M (d − y bare ) See Table 1 in Technical Note Allowable
top flange I bare Bending Stresses AISC-ASD89
Bottom of M y bare See Table 1 in Technical Note Allowable
beam
I bare Bending Stresses AISC-ASD89
bottom flange
Bottom of M (y bare + t cp ) See Table 1 in Technical Note Allowable
cover plate I bare Bending Stresses AISC-ASD89

Bending Stress Checks Without Composite Action Page 1 of 6

Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 Bending Stress Checks

The following notation is used in the equations in the second column of

Table 1:

Ibare = Moment of inertia of the steel beam (plus cover plate, if

one exists), in4. See Equation 3 in Technical Note
Transformed Section Moment of Inertia Composite Beam
Design AISC-ASD89.

M = The design moment, kip-in.

d = Depth of steel beam from outside face of top flange to

outside face of bottom flange, in.

tcp = Thickness of cover plate, in.

ybare = Distance from the bottom of the bottom flange of the

steel section to the elastic neutral axis (ENA) of the steel
beam (plus cover plate, if it exists), in. See Equation 2
Technical Note Transformed Section Moment of Inertia
Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89.

Positive Moment in a Composite Beam

At each output station where there is positive moment in the composite sec-
tion, the associated bending stress is checked at the following positions in the
composite beam, as applicable.

! The top of the concrete slab. This check is performed separately on each
side of the beam.

! The top of the top flange of the steel beam.

! The bottom of the bottom flange of the steel beam.

! The bottom of the cover plate, if it exists.

Table 2 lists the equations that the program uses to calculate both the actual
bending stress and the allowable bending stress at each of these positions. In
addition to the checks listed in Table 2, if the beam is unshored, the program
performs additional checks. These checks are described in the section entitled

Positive Moment in a Composite Beam Page 2 of 6

Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 Bending Stress Checks

"Important Notes Regarding Unshored Composite Beams" later in this Techni-

cal Note.

Table 2: Equations for Actual and Allowable Stresses for Positive

Bending in a Composite Beam

Equation for Calculating Equation for Calculating

Location Actual Bending Stress Allowable Bending Stress
12a, 12b
in Technical Note Elastic Stresses with
Top of concrete 0.45f'c
Partial Composite Connection AISC-
ASD89
7 11 or 12 in Technical Note
in Technical Note Elastic Stresses with Allowable Bending Stresses AISC-
Top of beam top flange
Partial Composite Connection AISC- ASD89.
ASD89 See Table 2 in the same Note
6 11 or 12 in Technical Note
Bottom of beam bottom in Technical Note Elastic Stresses with Allowable Bending Stresses AISC-
flange Partial Composite Connection AISC- ASD89..
ASD89 See Table 2 in the same Note
5 1 together with 11 or 12 in Techni-
in Technical Note Elastic Stresses with cal Note Allowable Bending
Bottom of cover plate
Partial Composite Connection AISC- Stresses AISC-ASD89..
ASD89 See Table 2 in the same Note

The equations referred to in the second column of Table 2 for calculating ac-
tual bending stress are derived for partial composite connection. When there
is full (100%) composite connection, make the substitutions shown in Equa-
tions 1a through 1g into those equations:

Note:
The formulas shown in Equations 1a through 1g are not in general true. They only apply
as substitutions into the equations listed in Table 2 when you are considering full (100%)
composite connection rather than partial composite connection.

Equations 1a and 1b show the substitutions to make into Equation 12a of

Technical Note Elastic Stresses with Partial Composite Connection AISC-
ASD89 if you are considering full (100%) composite connection.

Positive Moment in a Composite Beam Page 3 of 6

Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 Bending Stress Checks

Itr
St −eff left = Eqn. 1a
(d + hr left + tc left −y )
beff par left = beff left (Ec left / Es) Eqn. 1b

Equations 1c and 1d show the substitutions to make into Equations 12b of

Technical Note Elastic Stresses with Partial Composite Connection AISC-
ASD89 if you are considering full (100%) composite connection.

Itr
St −eff right = Eqn. 1c
(d + hr right + tc right − y )
beff par right = beff right (Ec right / Es) Eqn. 1d

Equations 1e and 1f show the substitutions to make into Equations 6 and 7 of

Technical Note Elastic Stresses with Partial Composite Connection AISC-
ASD89 if you are considering full (100%) composite connection.

yeff = y Eqn. 1e

Ieff = Itr Eqn. 1f

The y term in Equations 1a, 1c and 1e is the distance from the bottom of the
beam bottom flange to the elastic neutral axis (ENA) of the composite beam.
The distance y can be calculated using Equation 17a or 17b of Technical Note
Transformed Section Moment of Inertia Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89.

The Itr term in Equation 1f is the transformed section moment of inertia about
the ENA of the composite beam assuming full (100%) composite connection.
This moment of inertia can be calculated using Equation 18 of Technical Note
Transformed Section Moment of Inertia Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89.

Equation 1g shows the substitution to make into Equation 5 of Technical Note

Elastic Stresses with Partial Composite Connection AISC-ASD89 if you are
considering full (100%) composite connection.

Seff = Str Eqn. 1g

The Str term in Equation 1g is the section modulus for the fully (100%) com-
posite transformed section referred to the extreme tension fiber of the steel
section (including cover plate, if it exists). This section modulus can be calcu-

Positive Moment in a Composite Beam Page 4 of 6

Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 Bending Stress Checks

lated using Equation 3 of Technical Note Elastic Stresses with Partial Compos-
ite Connection AISC-ASD89.

Important Notes Regarding Unshored Composite

Beams
Steel Stress Checks
For unshored composite beams, the stresses are checked as described above.
In addition, for unshored composite beams only (not shored beams and not
noncomposite beams), the program also checks that the bending stresses in
the steel beam do not exceed 0.9 Fy when stresses are computed assuming
the steel section alone resists the DL moment and the composite section re-
sists the SDL + LL + Other moment.

Equations 2a through 2c illustrate how these stress checks are performed by

the program.

At the top of the beam top flange:

MDL (d − ybare ) MAll Other (d - yeff )

+ ≤ 0.9 Fy Eqn. 2a
Ibare Ieff

At the bottom of the beam bottom flange:

MDL ybare MAll Other yeff

+ ≤ 0.9 Fy Eqn. 2b
Ibare Ieff

At the bottom of the cover plate, if it exists:

(
MDL ybare + tcp ) + MAll Other ≤ 0.9 Fy Eqn. 2c
Ibare Seff

In Equations 2a through 2c, MDL is the moment due to dead load and MAll Other
is the moment due to all other loads (except dead load).

Important Notes Regarding Unshored Composite Beams Page 5 of 6

Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 Bending Stress Checks

Concrete Stress Checks

For unshored composite beams, the bending stress check for the concrete
slab is determined based on the SDL + LL + All Other Loads, not the TL mo-
ment. In other words, for unshored beams, the steel beam alone is assumed
to carry all of the DL moment alone. The composite section carries the rest of
the moment.

In the above paragraph,

DL = dead load

SDL = superimposed dead load

LL = live load

TL = total load

Important Notes Regarding Unshored Composite Beams Page 6 of 6