01 EIT Sprinkler For Storage 2564 07 24-25

Sprinkler system for storage
Source : Local regulation and NFPA 13 Standard
Sprinkler system for storage 1

Fire guts Bangkok auto-paint warehouse
The fire broke out at the warehouse of

Thainakornpaint and Chemical Co on
Ramkhamhaeng Soi 201 in Min Buri
district, said Pol Capt Kowit
Khraikhruan, deputy investigation chief
at Min Buri police station, who was
reported at about 1.30am.
Fire trucks and crews were dispatched
to the warehouse as flames spread
rapidly, fueled by paint chemicals and
thinner stored inside. Foam was then
used to combat the raging fire. Firemen
took more than 2½ hours to bring the
blaze under control. The warehouse was
gutted.
Source :Bangkok Post

ไฟไหม้ ระทึก ! โกดังสิ นค้ าฟาสต์ ฟู้ด เสี ยหายหนักหลายสิ บล้ าน
เมื่อวันที่ 14 ม.ค.61 เวลา 17.00 น.
เจ้าหน้าที่ดบั เพลิงจาก อบต.บางปลา
อาเภอบางพลี จังหวัด
สมุทรปราการ และพื่นที่ใกล้เคียง
รวมถึงหน่วยบรรเทาสาธารณะภัย
ไฟไหม้ ระทึก ! โกดังสิ นค้ าฟาสต์ ฟู้ด เสี ยหายหนักหลายสิ บล้ าน
กว่ า 30 คัน ต้องช่วยกันพังประตู
เหล็กม้วน ด้านข้างของโกดังเก็บและ
บรรจุสินค้าประเภทฟาสฟู้ดส์ของ
บริ ษทั ชื่อดังแห่งหนึ่งริ มถนนเลียบ
คลองส่ งน้ าสุ วรรณภูมิ ตาบลบาง
ปลา เพื่อเข้าดับเพลิง
Source : Workpoint News 15 /01/2561

Fire Investigation Summary
At 8:23 p.m. on Tuesday, May 23, 1995,a four-alarm fire occurred in a bulk
merchandising store in Quincy, MA.
At the time of the fire the building was occupied by approximately 60

employees and 100 customers.
The single story building was of noncombustible construction with an area of

122,395 square feet. The display merchandise and bulk storage was a metal
double rack system throughout the store.
The building was equipped with a fire alarm and sprinkler system.
The fire started in the lower storage rack of an area that stored
pool chemicals.
An investigation conducted by the Quincy Fire Department and the

Massachusetts State Fire Marshal’s Office determined the fire was accidental
in nature probably caused by a chemical reaction involving the pool
chemicals and leaking motor oil.
The motor oil leaked from boxes containing lawn mowers stored in the
vicinity of the pool chemicals. The lawn mowers were shipped in containers
that included a small quantity of oil which had to be added prior to use.
Based on the NFPA’s investigation and analysis of this fire, the
following significant factors were considered as having contributed
to the loss of property in this incident:
❑ Incompatible materials stored too close to oxidizers.
❑ Materials stored in excess of allowable storage heights and within

18 inches of the sprinklers.
❑ Inadequate sprinkler design for encapsulated materials.
❑ The lack of in-rack sprinklers.
❑ Rack shelving of solid materials and wooden slats spaced too

close together.
❑ Storage in aisles, which reduced commodity clearance between

adjacent racks.
Source :NFPA Fire Investigations Department

Initial Design Consideration Factors
• Standards and local regulations concerning stored
goods, such as those applicable to chemical goods
storage.
• The shape and size of the storage areas in relation to
the characteristics of the commodities to be stored.
• The loading and handling methods and storage
structures in the warehouse areas.
• The warehouse location in relation to the production
areas and transportation facilities.
• Free space between the stored goods and the ceiling

Lessons Learned from
Understanding Warehouse Fires
• Sprinkler Design Must Match the Fire Hazard
• Sprinklers and Sprinkler Water Supplies Must Be
Maintained in Service
• Fire Detection and Notification Must Not Be Delayed
• Occupant Fire Suppression Attempts Often Fail
• Fire Defense Strategies Must Consider the Environment
• Fire Prevention Efforts Can Be Focused
• Provide and Maintain Effective Compartmentation

ประกาศกระทรวงอุตสาหกรรม
เรื่อง การป้ องกันและระงับอัคคีภยั ในโรงงาน
พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๒
ข้อ ๑ ประกาศนี้ใช้บงั คับกับโรงงานจาพวกที่ ๒ หรื อจาพวกที่ ๓ ที่เป็ นโรงงานที่มีความเสี่ ยงต่อ
การเกิดอัคคีภยั สู งหรื อปานกลางตามประเภทหรื อชนิ ดของโรงงานที่ระบุในบัญชีทา้ ย
ประกาศนี้
ข้อ ๓ ในประกาศนี้
“โรงงานที่มีความเสี่ ยงต่อการเกิดอัคคีภยั สู ง” หมายความว่า โรงงานซึ่ งมีการประกอบกิจการ
โรงงานที่มีการใช้เชื้อเพลิง วัตถุไวไฟ หรื อมีลกั ษณะที่ทาให้เกิดอัคคีภยั หรื อระเบิดได้ง่าย ทั้งนี้
ตามประเภทหรื อชนิ ดของโรงงานที่ระบุในบัญชีทา้ ยประกาศนี้
“โรงงานที่มีความเสี่ ยงต่อการเกิดอัคคีภยั ปานกลาง” หมายความว่า โรงงานซึ่ งมีการประกอบ
กิจการโรงงานนอกเหนือจากประเภทหรื อชนิ ดของโรงงานที่ระบุในบัญชีทา้ ยประกาศนี้
พระราชบัญญัติโรงงาน พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๕
ได้มีการแบ่ง โรงงานออกเป็ น ๓ จาพวก คือ
▪ โรงงานจาพวกที่ ๑ ได้แก่ โรงงานประเภท ชนิด และ ขนาดที่สามารถ

ประกอบกิจการโรงงาน ได้ทนั ทีตาม ความประสงค์ของผูป้ ระกอบ
กิจการโรงงาน
▪ โรงงานจาพวกที่ ๒ ได้แก่ โรงงานประเภท ชนิด และ ขนาดที่เมื่อจะ
ประกอบกิจการโรงงานต้องแจ้งให้ ทราบก่อน
▪ โรงงานจาพวกที่ ๓ ได้แก่ โรงงานประเภท ชนิด และขนาดที่ต้ งั โรงงาน
ต้องได้รับใบอนุญาตก่อนจึงจะ ดาเนินการได้
ประกาศกระทรวงอุตสาหกรรม
เรื่อง การป้ องกันและระงับอัคคีภยั ในโรงงาน
พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๒
“ ระบบสัญญาณแจ้งเหตุเพลิงไหม้” หมายความว่า เครื่ องตรวจจับควันหรื อความ
ร้อนหรื อเปลวไฟที่ทางานโดยอัตโนมัติ และอุปกรณ์แจ้งเหตุเพลิงไหม้แบบกด
หรื อดึงเพื่อให้สัญญาณเตือนภัย
“ ระบบดับเพลิงอัตโนมัติ” หมายความว่า ระบบดับเพลิงที่สามารถทางานได้ทนั ที

โดยอัตโนมัติ เมื่อเกิดเพลิงไหม้หรื อความร้อนจากเพลิงไหม้ เช่น
ระบบหัวกระจายน้ าดับเพลิงอัตโนมัติ (Automatic Sprinkler
System) หรื อระบบอื่นที่เทียบเท่า
ระบบดับเพลิงอัตโนมัติ
ข้อ ๑๒ โรงงานที่มีสถานที่จดั เก็บวัตถุดิบหรื อผลิตภัณฑ์ซ่ ึงเป็ นวัตถุที่ติดไฟได้ ที่มี

พื้นที่ต่อเนื่องติดต่อกันตั้งแต่ ๑,๐๐๐ ตารางเมตรขึ้นไป ต้องติดตั้งระบบดับเพลิง
อัตโนมัติ เช่น ระบบหัวกระจายน้ าดับเพลิงอัตโนมัติ (Automatic
Sprinkler System) หรื อระบบอื่นที่เทียบเท่าให้ครอบคลุมพื้นที่น้ น ั
ข้อ ๑๓ การติดตั้งระบบหัวกระจายน้ าดับเพลิงอัตโนมัติ (Automatic
Sprinkler System)ให้เป็ นไปตามมาตรฐานสากลที่เป็ นทีย่ อมรับ
ข้อ ๑๔ สถานที่จดั เก็บวัตถุไวไฟ ที่มีพ้นื ที่ต้ งั แต่ ๑๔ ตารางเมตรขึ้นไป ต้องติดตั้ง
ระบบดับเพลิงอัตโนมัติที่เหมาะสมกับสภาพพื้นที่น้ นั

Ring main not less than 6"
Private Hydrant Mean Hydrant connect with fire pipe
Public Hydrant Mean Hydrant connect with CW pipe AHJ

(MWA)

Fire Test for Rack Storage

Source: NFPA Journal 2013

Source: NFPA Journal 2013

Factory Mutual began testing sprinklers in 1884
❑ In the past 30 years, the focus has been on developing
ceiling sprinkler protection.
❑ FM Global began research into “large drop” sprinklers in the

1970s and “ESFR” sprinklers in the 1980s

Sprinkler Types
❑ Control Mode Specific
Application (CMSA)
Sprinkler. A type of spray
sprinkler that is capable of
producing characteristic
large water droplets and
that is listed for its capability
to provide fire control of
specific high-challenge fire
hazards.
❑ Intermediate Level
Sprinkler/Rack Storage
Sprinkler. A sprinkler
equipped with integral
shields to protect its
operating elements from the
discharge of sprinklers
installed at higher elevations

Source : Mecalux

❑ Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinkler. A
type of fast-response sprinkler and is listed for its capability
to provide fire suppression of specific high-challenge fire
hazards

General Storage Definitions
❑ Available Height for Storage. The maximum height at which
commodities can be stored above the floor and still maintain
adequate clearance from structural members and the required
clearance below sprinklers.
❑ Cartoned. A method of storage consisting of corrugated
cardboard or paperboard containers fully enclosing the commodity.
❑ Ceiling Height. The distance between the floor and the underside
of the ceiling above (or roof deck) within the storage area.
❑ Clearance. The distance from the top of storage to the ceiling
sprinkler deflectors.

❑ Commodity Combinations of products, packing material,
and container upon which the commodity classification is
based.
❑ Conventional Pallets. A material-handling aid designed to
support a unit load with openings to provide access for
material-handling devices.

❑ Encapsulation.
❑ A method of packaging consisting of a plastic sheet completely
enclosing the sides and top of a pallet load containing a
combustible commodity or a combustible package or a group of
combustible commodities or combustible packages.
❑ Combustible commodities individually wrapped in plastic
sheeting and stored exposed in a pallet load also are to be
considered encapsulated.
❑ Totally noncombustible commodities on wood pallets enclosed
only by a plastic sheet as described are not covered under this
definition.
❑ Banding (i.e., stretch-wrapping around the sides only of a pallet
load) is not considered to be encapsulation.
❑ Where there are holes or voids in the plastic or waterproof
cover on the top of the carton that exceed more than half of the
area of the cover, the term encapsulated does not apply.
❑ The term encapsulated does not apply to plastic enclosed
products or packages inside a large, nonplastic, enclosed
container.

❑ Expanded (Foamed or Cellular) Plastics. Those plastics, the
density of which is reduced by the presence of numerous small
cavities (cells), interconnecting or not, dispersed throughout their
mass.
❑ Exposed Group A Plastic Commodities. Those plastics not in
packaging or coverings that absorb water or otherwise appreciably
retard the burning hazard of the commodity. (Paper wrapped or
encapsulated, or both, should be considered exposed.)

❑ High-Challenge Fire Hazard. A fire hazard typical of that
produced by fires in combustible high-piled storage.
❑ High-Piled Storage. Solid-piled, palletized, rack storage, bin

box, and shelf storage in excess of 12 ft (3.7 m) in height.
❑ Packaging. A commodity wrapping, cushioning, or container.
❑ Plastic Pallet. A pallet having any portion of its construction

consisting of a plastic material.
❑ Reinforced Plastic Pallet. A plastic pallet incorporating a
secondary reinforcing material (such as steel or fiberglass) within
the pallet.
❑ Roof Height. The distance between the floor and the underside
of the roof deck within the storage area.

Palletized, Solid Pile, Bin Box and Shelf Storage.
❑ Palletized Pile Storage Palletized storage consists of
unit loads placed on pallets that are then stacked on
top of one another. A pallet load usually takes the form
of a cube, with dimensions of about 4 ft to 5 ft in
height, and consists of a single package or multiple
packages.
❑ Bin Box Storage. Storage in five-sided wood, metal,
or cardboard boxes with open face on the aisles. Boxes
are self-supporting or supported by a structure so
designed that little or no horizontal or vertical space
exists around boxes.
❑ Shelf Storage. Storage on structures up to and
including 30 in. (0.76 m) deep and separated by aisles
at least 30 in. (0.76 m) wide.

THIS IS PALLET STORAGE THIS IS BIN BOX

BIN BOX
Plastic bin boxes on a rack storage array. When sprinklers discharge, the water may
cool burning combustibles, but there is a risk of structural overload du to the
accumulating weight.
THIS IS Shelf STORAGE

THIS IS SHELF STORAGE

Back-to-Back Shelf Storage. Two solid or perforated shelves up to
30 in. (750 mm) in depth each, not exceeding a total depth of 60 in.
(1.5 m), separated by a longitudinal vertical barrier such as plywood,
particleboard, sheet metal, or equivalent, with a maximum 0.25 in.
(6 mm) diameter penetrations and no longitudinal flue space and a
maximum storage height
of 15 ft (4.6 m).

Palletized, Solid Pile, Bin Box and Shelf Storage.
❑ Solid Pile Storage consists of cartons, boxes, bales,

bags, and so on in direct contact with each other. Air
spaces, or flues, exist only where contact is imperfect,
or where a pile is close to, but not touching, another
pile and wide aisles give the lift truck plenty of room to
maneuver.
❑ Solid piling gives fire the least opportunity to develop

and spread due to restricted air access for burning,
resulting in a fire challenge less than that for palletized
or rack storage.

Rack Storage Definitions.
❑ Aisle Width. The horizontal dimension between the
face of the loads in racks under consideration.
❑ Bulkhead. A vertical barrier across the rack.
❑ Face Sprinklers. Standard sprinklers that are located
in transverse flue spaces along the aisle or in the rack,
are within 18 in. (0.46 m) of the aisle face of storage,
and are used to oppose vertical development of fire on
the external face of storage.

Illustration of aisle width.
Aisle width is Distance from face to face
Best Position Point to install SPK

❑ Horizontal Barrier. A solid barrier in the horizontal position
covering the entire rack, including all flue spaces at certain
height increments, to prevent vertical fire spread.
❑ Rack. Any combination of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal
members that supports stored materials. Some rack structures
use solid shelves. Racks can be fixed, portable, or movable
.Loading can be either manual — using lift trucks, stacker
cranes, or hand placement — or automatic — using machine-
controlled storage and retrieval systems.
❑ Transverse Flue Space. The space between rows of storage
parallel to the direction of loading.
❑ Longitudinal Flue Space. The space between rows of storage

perpendicular to the direction of loading.

❑ Racks, Single-Row. Racks that
have no longitudinal flue space and
that have a width up to 6 ft (1.8 m)
with aisles at least 3.5 ft (1.1 m)
from other storage.
❑ Racks, Double-Row. Two single-

row racks placed back-to-back
having a combined width up to 12 ft
(3.7 m), with aisles at least 3.5 ft
(1.1 m) on each side
❑ Racks, Multiple-Row. Racks

greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) wide or
single- or double-row racks
separated by aisles less than 3.5 ft
(1.1 m) wide having an overall width
greater than 12 ft (3.7 m).

❑Movable Racks. Racks on fixed rails or guides.They can be
moved back and forth only in a horizontal,two-dimensional plane.
A moving aisle is created as abutting racks are either loaded or
unloaded, then moved across the aisle to abut other racks.
❑Racks, Portable. Racks that are not fixed in place. They can be
arranged in any number of configurations.

❑ Solid Shelving. Solid shelving is

fixed in place, slatted,
wire mesh or other type of shelves
located within racks.
The area of a solid shelf is defined

by perimeter aisle or flue space on
all four sides.
Solid shelves having an area equal

to or less than 20ft2 (1.9 m2) shall
be defined as open racks.
Shelves of wire mesh, slates, or

other materials more than 50
percent open and where the flue
spaces are maintained shall be
defined as open racks.
Double-Row Racks Without Solid or Slatted Shelves.

Double-Row Racks with Solid Shelves.
This is Solid Shelves
This is Slatted Shelves
Double-row racks with slatted shelves.

Open-Top Container. A container of any shape that is entirely or
partially open on the top and arranged so as to allow for the
collection of discharging sprinkler water cascading through the
storage array.
SHALL NOT USE ESFR SPK APP.

Classification of Commodities.

Classification of Commodities

Class I commodities
❑ Class I commodity shall be
defined as a noncombustible
product that meets one of the
following criteria:
(1) Placed directly on wooden
pallets
(2) Placed in single-layer
corrugated cartons, with or
without single-thickness
cardboard dividers, with or
without pallets
(3) Shrink-wrapped or paper-
wrapped as a unit load with
or without pallets
Class II commodities
❑ Class II commodity shall

be defined as a
noncombustible product
that is in slatted wooden
crates, solid wood
boxes, multiple-layered
corrugated cartons, or
equivalent combustible
packaging material, with
or without pallets.

Class III commodities
❑ Class III commodity shall
be defined as a product
fashioned from wood,
paper, natural fibers, or
Group C plastics with or
without cartons, boxes, or
crates and with or without
pallets.
❑ Class III commodity shall
be permitted to contain a
limited amount (5 percent
by weight or volume or
less) of Group A or Group
B plastics.

Class IV commodities
❑ Class IV commodity shall be defined as a product,
with or without pallets, that meets one of the
following criteria:
(1) Constructed partially or totally of Group B plastics
(2) Consists of free-flowing Group A plastic materials
(3) Contains within itself or its packaging an
appreciable amount (5 percent to 15 percent by
weight or 5 percent to 25 percent by volume) of
Group A plastics the remaining materials shall be
permitted to be metal, wood, paper, natural or
synthetic fibers, or Group B or Group C plastics.

Example of commodity classification

Classification of Plastics, Elastomers, andRubber.
❑ The following materials shall be classified as
Group A.
❑ ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer)

❑ Butyl rubber
❑ EPDM (ethylene-propylene rubber)
❑ FRP (fiberglass-reinforced polyester)
❑ Natural rubber (if expanded)
❑ PET (thermoplastic polyester)
❑ Polyester elastomer
❑ Polyethylene
❑ Polypropylene
❑ Polystyrene
❑ Polyurethane
❑ PVC (polyvinyl chloride — highly plasticized, with plasticizer
content greater than 20 percent) (rarely found)
❑ SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber)

Group B.
❑ Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate,

ethyl cellulose)
❑ Chloroprene rubber
❑ Fluoroplastics (ECTFE—ethylene-chlorotrifluoro-ethylene
❑ copolymer; ETFE — ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenecopolymer;
❑ FEP — fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer)
❑ Natural rubber (not expanded)
❑ Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6/6)
❑ Silicone rubber

Group C.
❑ Fluoroplastics (PCTFE — polychlorotrifluoroethylene;

PTFE — polytetrafluoroethylene)
❑ (Melamine (melamine formaldehyde)
❑ Phenolic
❑ PVC (polyvinyl chloride — flexible — PVCs with plasticizer
content up to 20 percent)
❑ PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)
❑ PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
❑ PVF (polyvinyl fluoride)
❑ Urea (urea formaldehyde)

General Requirements for Storage
Is Ventilation Fan
Because if lower the Spk op temp will Prevent of SPK Operation Temp

Owner, Gorverment
Or insurun

Source : Mckinley

❑ Hydraulically Designed Occupancy Hazard Fire Control Sprinkler System.
12.8.6.1 Unless indicated otherwise, the minimum water supply
requirements for a hydraulically designed occupancy
hazard fire control sprinkler system shall be determined by
adding the hose stream allowance from Table 12.8.6.1 to
the water supply for sprinklers.
12.8.6.2 Unless indicated otherwise, the supply determined
in accordance with 12.8.6.1 shall be available for the
minimum duration specified in Table 12.8.6.1.

CMDA use AS and
Design Area to
choose number of
sprinkler
ESFR use number 12

Protection of Miscellaneous and Low-Piled Storage

ONLY CMDA Use Design Cruve!!!!!!


13.2 Design Basis.
13.2.1 The protection criteria shall be selected from Table
13.2.1 and Figure 13.2.1.
13.2.2 Installation criteria as permitted by NFPA 13 and

design criteria and modifiers as permitted by the
density/area method of Chapter 11 for ordinary hazard
Group 1, ordinary hazard Group 2, extra hazard Group 1,
and extra hazard Group 2 occupancies shall be
applicable.
13.2.3 Where K-11.2 (160) or larger sprinklers are used

with EH1 or EH2 design curves from Figure 13.2.1, the
design area shall be permitted to be reduced by 25
percent but not below 2000 ft2 (186 m2), regardless of
temperature rating.
13.3 In-Rack Sprinklers.
13.3.1 General. In-rack sprinklers required by Table
13.2.1 shall meet the requirements of this section and
the applicable storage protection and arrangement
sections of this chapter.
13.3.2 Discharge Criteria. In-rack sprinklers shall have a

K-factor of 5.6 (80) or larger and operate at a minimum
of 15 psi (1 bar).
13.3.3 Water Demand. Where one level of in-rack

sprinklers is installed for miscellaneous storage, water
demand shall be based on simultaneous operation of the
hydraulically most de-manding four adjacent sprinklers.

13.3.4 In-Rack Sprinkler Locations.
13.3.4.1 In-rack sprinklers for miscellaneous storage shall be
located at the first tier level at or above one-half of the storage
height.
13.3.4.2 Horizontal spacing of in-rack sprinklers shall not exceed 8 ft
(2.4 m).
13.3.4.3 In-rack sprinklers shall be located in the longitudinal flue at
the intersection of the transverse flues while not exceeding the
maximum spacing rules.13.3.4.3.1 If no longitudinal flue is provided
in single- and double-row racks, in-rack sprinklers shall be located
within12 in. (300 mm) of the center of the rack while not exceeding
the maximum spacing.
13.3.4.4 Where distances between transverse flues exceed the
maximum allowable distances, sprinklers shall be installed at
the intersection of the transverse and longitudinal flues and
additional sprinklers shall be installed between transverse flues to
meet the maximum distance rules.
13.3.4.5 Where no transverse flues exist, in-rack sprinklers shall not
exceed the maximum spacing rules.

Protection for Palletized, Solid-Piled, Bin Box,
Shelf, or Back-to-Back Shelf Storage of Class I
through Class IV Commodities
14.1 General.
14.1.1 This chapter shall apply to palletized, solid-piled,
bin box, shelf, or back-to-back shelf storage for a broad
range of combustibles.
14.1.2 The requirements of Chapter 12 shall apply unless

modified by this chapter.

Non Plastic Warp
Plastic Warp

Protection for Palletized, Solid-Piled, Bin Box, Shelf, or Back-
to-Back Shelf Storage of Plastic and Rubber Commodities

Place in bad position
not balance and not
stable it call falling
down to the ground

Protection of Rack Storage of Class I Through
Class IV Commodities

Steel columns of Building not Rack's columns!!!

We can interporation between 4-8 ft!!

We Must Choose which one Greater

Typical double-row rack with back-to-back loads.

Miscellaneous Storage
13.3.1 General. In-rack sprinklers required by Table 13.2.1
shall meet the requirements of this section and the
applicable storage protection and arrangement
K- factor of 5.6 or larger and operate at a minimum of 15
psi
(1 bar).
sprinklers is
installed for miscellaneous storage, water demand
shall be based on simultaneous operation of the
hydraulically most demanding four adjacent
sprinklers.
But Can Add IN rack for
option

FIGURE16.2.1.3.4.1Ceiling Sprinkler Density vs. Storage Height

Can Add In Rack more for reduce Ceiling SPK Density

Heater , High Bay Lamp ETC.

Intermediate-level (rack storage) sprinklers showing
integral shields that protect operating elements from
the discharge of sprinklers installed at higher levels.

FOR CLASS ! to IV
1 level not request
Water Shield
Every level

Miscellaneous Storage
13.3.1 General. In-rack sprinklers required by Table 13.2.1
shall meet the requirements of this section and the
applicable storage protection and arrangement
K- factor of 5.6 or larger and operate at a minimum of 15
psi
(1 bar).
sprinklers is
installed for miscellaneous storage, water demand
shall be based on simultaneous operation of the
hydraulically most demanding four adjacent
sprinklers.
CMSA

Smallest Value for CMSA

Early Suppression Fast Response
( ESFR )

NFPA 2019 Max 14 m.

Double-row racks with solid shelves.

Cannot Use K 5.6

❑ ESFR sprinklers shall be used only in wet pipe systems

Exception: ESFR sprinklers shall be permitted for use in dry
systems if specifically listed for such service.
❑ ESFR sprinklers shall be installed only in buildings where roof
or ceiling slope above the sprinklers does not exceed a pitch
of one in six (a roof slope of 16.7 percent)
❑ Where ESFR sprinkler systems are installed adjacent to
sprinkler systems with standard response sprinklers, a draft
curtain of noncombustible construction and at least 2 ft
(0.6 m) in depth shall be required to separate the two areas.
A clear aisle of at least 4 ft (1.2 m) centered below the
draft curtain shall be maintained for separation.

Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing of ESFR Sprinklers

Ceiling/Roof Heights Up To 30 ft (9.1 m)
Protection Area Spacing
Construction Type ft2 ft
• Noncombustible
unobstructed 100 12
• Noncombustible
obstructed 100 12
• Combustible
unobstructed 100 12
• Combustible
obstructed N/A N/A

Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing of ESFR Sprinklers

Ceiling/Roof Heights Over 30 ft (9.1 m)
Protection Area Spacing
Construction Type ft2 ft
• Noncombustible
unobstructed 100 10
• Noncombustible
obstructed 100 10
• Combustible
unobstructed 100 10
• Combustible
obstructed N/A N/A

❑ Sprinkler temperature ratings for ESFR sprinklers shall be

ordinary. unless 8.3.2 requires intermediate- or high-
temperature ratings.
❑ Minimum Protection Area of Coverage.

The minimum allowable protection area of coverage for a
sprinkler (As) shall be not less than 64 ft2 (5.9 m2).
❑ Maximum Distance from Walls.

The distance from sprinklers to walls shall not exceed one-
half of the allowable distance permitted between sprinklers

❑ Minimum Distance from Walls.

Sprinklers shall be located a minimum of 4 in. (102
mm) from a wall.
❑ Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers.

Sprinklers shall be spaced not less than 8 ft
(2.4 m) on center.
❑ Clearance to Storage
The clearance between the deflector and the top
of storage shall be 36 in. (914 mm) or greater.


unobstruction because opening part more than 75%

Can not use with multiple row Rack

Protection Criteria for Rack Storage of Class I Through
Class IV Commodities Stored Over 25 ft in Height.
❑ Control Mode Density–Area Sprinkler Protection Criteria.
a) For single- and double-row racks, the water demand for

nonencapsulated storage without solid shelves separated by aisles
at least 4ft wide and with not more than 10 ft between the top of
storage and the sprinklers shall be based on sprinklers in a 2000
ft2 operating area, discharging
b)
a minimum of 0.25 gpm/ft2 for Class I commodities, 0.30
gpm/ft2 for Classes II and III commodities, and 0.35 gpm/ft2
for Class IV commodities for ordinary temperature–rated
sprinklers or
a minimum of 0.35 gpm/ft2 for Class I commodities,

0.40 gpm/ft2 for Classes II and III commodities,
and 0.45 gpm/ft2 for Class IV commodities
for high temperature–rated sprinklers.
(SeeTable16.3.1.1.)
b) Where such storage is encapsulated, ceiling sprinkler

density shall be 25 percent greater than for
nonencapsulated storage.
c) The minimum water supply requirements for a
hydraulically designed occupancy hazard fire control
sprinkler system shall be determined by adding the
hose stream allowance from Table 16.3.1.3 to the
water supply for sprinklers . This supply shall be
available for the minimum duration specified in Table
16.3.1.3


ongitudinal Rack SPK.
Face Sprinkler

Sprinkler Water Demand
In-rack Sprinkler
water demand
+
Ceiling Sprinkler
water demand

Total Water Supply Requirement
In-rack Sprinkler water demand

+
Ceiling Sprinkler water demand
+
Hose Demand

Rack-supported ASRS storage arrangement. Photo courtesy of FM Global.

Combustible Stock Storage Questionnaire

Combustible Stock Storage Questionnaire

01 EIT Sprinkler For Storage 2564 07 24-25

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Sprinkler system for storage

Source : Local regulation and NFPA 13 Standard

Sprinkler system for storage 1

The fire broke out at the warehouse of

Source :Bangkok Post

Sprinkler system for storage 3

Source : Workpoint News 15 /01/2561

Sprinkler system for storage 4

At the time of the fire the building was occupied by approximately 60

The single story building was of noncombustible construction with an area of

An investigation conducted by the Quincy Fire Department and the

❑ Incompatible materials stored too close to oxidizers.

❑ Materials stored in excess of allowable storage heights and within

❑ Inadequate sprinkler design for encapsulated materials.

❑ The lack of in-rack sprinklers.

❑ Rack shelving of solid materials and wooden slats spaced too

❑ Storage in aisles, which reduced commodity clearance between

Sprinkler system for storage 6

Sprinkler system for storage 9

Sprinkler system for storage 10

▪ โรงงานจาพวกที่ ๑ ได้แก่ โรงงานประเภท ชนิด และ ขนาดที่สามารถ

“ ระบบดับเพลิงอัตโนมัติ” หมายความว่า ระบบดับเพลิงที่สามารถทางานได้ทนั ที

ข้อ ๑๒ โรงงานที่มีสถานที่จดั เก็บวัตถุดิบหรื อผลิตภัณฑ์ซ่ ึงเป็ นวัตถุที่ติดไฟได้ ที่มี

Sprinkler system for storage 15

Private Hydrant Mean Hydrant connect with fire pipe

Public Hydrant Mean Hydrant connect with CW pipe AHJ

Sprinkler system for storage 19

Sprinkler system for storage 20

Sprinkler system for storage 21

Sprinkler system for storage 22

❑ FM Global began research into “large drop” sprinklers in the

Sprinkler system for storage 25

Sprinkler system for storage 26

Sprinkler system for storage 27

Sprinkler system for storage 28

Sprinkler system for storage 29

Sprinkler system for storage 31

Sprinkler system for storage 32

Sprinkler system for storage 34

❑ High-Piled Storage. Solid-piled, palletized, rack storage, bin

❑ Packaging. A commodity wrapping, cushioning, or container.

❑ Plastic Pallet. A pallet having any portion of its construction

Sprinkler system for storage 35

Sprinkler system for storage 37

Sprinkler system for storage 38

Sprinkler system for storage 40

Sprinkler system for storage 41

Sprinkler system for storage 42

❑ Solid Pile Storage consists of cartons, boxes, bales,

❑ Solid piling gives fire the least opportunity to develop

Sprinkler system for storage 43

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Best Position Point to install SPK

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❑ Longitudinal Flue Space. The space between rows of storage

Sprinkler system for storage 49

❑ Racks, Double-Row. Two single-

❑ Racks, Multiple-Row. Racks

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Sprinkler system for storage 52

❑ Solid Shelving. Solid shelving is

The area of a solid shelf is defined

Solid shelves having an area equal