Clat Express June

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June, 2021
Great Barrier
Reef's Heritage
status G7 Summit, 2021
Pakistan to remain on FATF Grey list
Agni-P missile
Russia, UK spar over Black Sea
INS Sandhayak

June, 2021
Monthly Current G.K. Magazine
Contents
National Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
International Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Legal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Appointments/Resignations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Economy Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Environment Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Awards & Prizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Science & Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Defence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Ranking & Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Obituaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Conference, Committees & Summits . . . . . . . . . 89
Sports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Days & Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Books & Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
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June
2021 National
ISSUES
PROJECT O2 for INDIA

Recently PROJECT O2 for INDIA has been launched to play a signi icant
role in the wake of the second wave of COVID-19.
What is it?
c 'Project O2' caters to meeting the rising demand for medical oxygen
by supporting government hospitals to procure oxygen and related
high priority equipment from approved manufacturers and start-
ups.
c It involves supporting manufacturers and start-ups to scale up
capacity, addressing logistics challenges, enabling supplies to
extended/make-shift hospitals and strengthening R&D and
innovation for future pandemics.
c Under this project, a National Consortium of Oxygen is enabling the national level supply of critical raw materials related
to medical oxygen.
c Raw materials include zeolites, setting up of small oxygen plants, manufacturing compressors, inal products, i.e., oxygen
plants, concentrators, and ventilators.
c To execute this project, Of ice of the Principal Scienti ic Adviser, Government of India (O/o PSA, GoI) is facilitating at the
national level, supply of quality oxygen cylinders, concentrators, and ventilators through four reputable national
technology incubators.
National Consortium of Oxygen-
c The consortium is looking forward to providing immediate to short-term relief and to strengthen the manufacturing
ecosystem for long-term preparedness.
c A committee of experts has been evaluating critical equipment such as oxygen plants, concentrators, and ventilators
from a pool of India-based manufacturers, start-ups, and MSMEs (in partnership with FICCI,MESA, etc.).
c The Manufacturing and supply consortium also includes Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL); Tata Consulting Engineers
(TCE); C-CAMP, Bengaluru; IIT Kanpur (IIT-K); IIT Delhi (IIT-D);IIT Bombay (IIT-B), IIT Hyderabad (IIT-H); IISER,
Bhopal;Venture Center, Pune; and more than 40 MSMEs.
c It has started to secure CSR/philanthropic grants from organizations like USAID, Edwards Lifesciences Foundation,
ClimateWorks Foundation, etc...
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June
2021 National
ISSUES
Kerala's Silverline Project

Recently, the Kerala government gave green light to begin acquiring
land for the Silverline project.
About Silverline project-
c It is a semi high-speed railway project aimed at reducing travel
time between the state's northern (Kasaragod) and southern
ends (Thiruvananthapuram).
c The line is proposed to be 529.45 kms long, covering 11 districts
through 11 stations.
c Once completed, one can travel from Kasaragod to
Thiruvananthapuram in less than four hours on trains travelling
at 200 km/hr.
c The current travel time on the existing Indian Railways network is 12 hours.
c The deadline for the project, being executed by the Kerala Rail Development Corporation Limited (KRDCL),is 2025.
c KRDCL, or K-Rail, is a joint venture between the Kerala government and the Union Ministry of Railways.
c The project will have trains of electric multiple unit (EMU) type with preferably nine cars and extendable to 12 cars each.
c The trains can run at a maximum speed of 220 kmph on standard gauge track, completing journeys in either direction in
under four hours.
c Every 500 metres of the corridor, there will be under passages with provision of service roads.
c Cities covered under this rail line are- Thiruvananthapuram (elevated station), Kollam, Chengannur,Kottayam,
Ernakulam (Kakkanad)(elevated), Cochin Airport, Thrissur (elevated), Tirur, Kozhikode (underground station), Kannur
and Kasaragod.
c However, the project has received lak over apprehensions that it would destroy many paddy ields in the state.
June
2021 National
ISSUES
m-Yoga app
The Prime Minister of India launched the mYoga itness app on the
occasion of International Yoga Day. Background: The Ministry of
AYUSH and the World Health Organization (WHO) had jointly
undertaken a project in mid 2019, focussing on mobile-Yoga. It
envisaged the concept of the 'Be Healthy, Be Mobile' (BHBM) under
the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to achieve
Universal Health Coverage by 2030. BHBM initiative supports the
scale up of mobile health (m-Health) technology within the scope
of the National Health system to combat non-communicable
diseases (NCDs).
The m-Yoga project focused on four areas:
c Common Yoga Protocol for GeneralWellness.
c Yoga for mental health and resilience.
c Yoga for Adolescents; and
c Yoga for pre - Diabetics.
About m-Yoga app-
c The mYoga app aims to bring assisted yoga training to everyone with a smartphone for free without needing any signing
in.
c WHO mYoga is an app for the general public to use regularly, providing Yoga learning and practice sessions of varying
durations.
c It is mainly divided into two sections, a learning tab and a practice tab.
c The learning tab is meant for those users who are completely new to Yoga.
c It features a sequential set of videos that help watchers learn the various yoga asanas with proper technique.
c The practice session is aimed at users who have learned the asanas and are practising. Both modes offer different time
durations like 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 45 minutes.
c Asanas covered in the learning modules include basic neck movements, trunk twisting, Tadasana, Ardha Chakrasana,
Bhujangasana and more.
c The app is safe and secure, collecting no data from users at all, and can be used as a daily yoga companion for persons
aged 12-65 years.
c It is available in English and in Hindi, with other UN languages.
c The app comprises a collection of videos and audio practice sessions that users can do in the comfort of their own home,
as and when they wish.
June
2021 National
ISSUES
Government ban on 'speci ic' lash sales on e-commerce

websites
Recently the Union government proposed to ban speci ic
lash sales on e-commerce.
Key updates-
c The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public
Distribution has initiated sweeping changes to the
Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020
c The proposed changes impose new registration
requirements for online retailers and a ban on
“speci ic” lash sales and mandating sharing of information
with Government agencies.
c A “ lash sale” is de ined as a sale organised by an e-commerce entity at signi icantly reduced prices, high discounts or any
other such promotions or attractive offers for a predetermined period of time.
c As per the new provisions, e-commerce companies would need to register with the Department of Promotion for
Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
c They would also have to share information with the “Government agency, which is lawfully authorised for investigative
or protective or cyber security activities.
c The information sought by the Government agency will have to be produced by the e-commerce company within 72
hours of the receipt of an order from the said authority.
c The Consumer Affairs Ministry has proposed to mandate e-commerce companies to appoint a grievance of icer, a chief
compliance of icer, and a nodal contact person for 24×7 coordination with law enforcement agencies.
c The e-commerce companies will not use any information collected through their platform for any unfair advantage.
c While the original rules focused on aspects such as transparency about product information to help consumers make
informed decisions, the amendments aim to curb the circumventing of other laws.
Applicability of new rules:
c The rules are applicable for all goods and services bought or sold over digital or electronic networks,including digital
products.
c They are valid for all models of e-commerce, including marketplace and inventory models, including multi-channel
single brand retailers and single brand retailers.
c It proposes that e-commerce irms should mention the name and details of any importer from whom it has purchased
such goods or services.
c These irms will also have to provide alternative suggestions to customers before they make a purchase to ensure fair
opportunity for domestic goods.
c However, conventional e-commerce lash sales are not banned and only speci ic lash sales or back-to-back sales which
limit customer choice, increase prices and prevent a level playing ield are not allowed.
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2021 National
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Integrated Power Development Scheme

c Recently, a 50 kWp Solar roof top was inaugurated in
Solan, Himachal Pradesh under the Integrated power
Development scheme (IPDS) of the Ministry of
Power.
Key updates-
c As part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav, the 50 kWp Solar
rooftop project is commissioned by Himachal
Pradesh State Electricity Board Ltd (HPSEBL).
c Under the ongoing 'Go Green' Initiative in form of
Rooftop Solar, solar panels are also installed in Uttar Pradesh (10 MWp), Karnataka (8 MWp), Kerala (5 MWp), West
Bengal (4 MWp), Uttarakhand (3 MWp) and Himachal Pradesh (1 MWp).
c The project further reinforces the 'Go Green' Initiative of the government envisaged in the Urban Distribution scheme of
the government of India.
About the IPDS
rd
c Ministry of Power, Government of India noti ied “Integrated Power Development Scheme" (IPDS) on 3 December 2014
with following components:
1. Strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution networks in the urban areas.
2. Metering of distribution transformers / feeders / consumers in the urban areas.
3. IT enablement of the distribution sector and strengthening of distribution network under R-APDRP for 12th and 13th
Plans by carrying forward the approved outlay for R-APDRP to IPDS.
4. Schemes for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and IT enablement of balanced urban towns are also included under
IPDS.
5. Underground cabling to include additional demand of States and smart metering solution for performing UDAY States
and Solar panels on Govt. buildings with net-metering are also permissible under the scheme.
Eligible Utilities
All Discoms will be eligible for inancial assistance under the scheme.
Funding pattern
GoI Grant = 60% (85% for special category States).
Additional Grant = 15% (5% for special category States) - linked to achievement of milestones.
Power Finance Corporation (PFC) is the nodal agency for implementation of IPDS (R-APDRP subsumed), a priority scheme
of the Ministry of Power, Govt. of India for the Urban Power Distribution sector of the Country.
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2021 National
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Snippets
c The Prime Minister Narendra Modi-led Government of India has announced two major measures for those families who
have lost the earning member due to Covid, to mitigate inancial dif iculties that may be faced by them. Firstly, the
government have decided to provide family pension to such families and secondly, provide them with enhanced &
liberalised insurance compensation.
c Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Narendra Singh Tomar virtually launched the Horticulture Cluster
Development Programme (CDP) to ensure holistic growth of horticulture. In a pilot phase, the programme will be
implemented in 12 horticulture clusters out of the total 53 clusters selected for the programme. A central sector
programme implemented by the National Horticulture Board (NHB) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers'
Welfare, CDP aims at growing and developing identi ied horticulture clusters to make them globally competitive.
c The Union Cabinet has approved a memorandum of cooperation between India-Japan in the ield of sustainable urban
development. A Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) on Sustainable Urban Development has been signed between the
Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, Government of India and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and
Tourism, Government of Japan. A Joint Working Group (JWG) will be also formed to implement the programmes on
cooperation under the Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC). The JWG will meet once a year.
c CBSE launched a nationwide Young Warrior movement to engage 5 million young people to ight against Covid-19. This
movement is expected to impact 50 million people. The Board has launched the movement together with the Ministry of
Youth Affairs and Sports, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, YuWaah-UNICEF, and a multistakeholder consortium of
over 950 partners.
c The Union Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment, Shri Thaawarchand Gehlot virtually launched an initiative
called, SAGE (Senior care Aging Growth Engine) on June 04, 2021, and also the SAGE portal to support India's elderly
persons. The SAGE portal will act as a “onestop access” of elderly care products and services by credible start-ups.
c In view of the growing problem related to children affected by COVID-19, the National Commission for Protection of
Child Rights (NCPCR) has devised an online tracking portal “Bal Swaraj (COVID-Care link)” for children in need of care
and protection.
c Union Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs, Anurag Singh Thakur launched the six modules of short ilms
of Investor Education & Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) titled “Hisaab Ki Kitaab”. These short ilms developed by
Common Services Centers(CSC) eGov as a part of their training tool.
c Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually addressed the World Environment Day event, which was jointly organised by
the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. During the event,
PM Modi also released the “Report of the Expert Committee on Road Map for ethanol blending in India 2020-2025”. The
theme of the report is 'promotion of biofuels for a better environment'.
c The Governments of 23 nations, including India, have collectively launched a bold new plan called Mission Innovation
2.0, to catalyze action and spearhead a decade of innovation for global investment in clean energy research, development
and demonstrations. Mission Innovation 2.0 is the second phase of the global Mission Innovation initiative, launched
alongside the Paris Agreement at the 2015 COP21 conference. The new initiative was launched at the Innovating to Net
Zero Summit, hosted by Chile.
June
2021 National
ISSUES
c India has been elected as a member of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), one of the six main
organs of the United Nations, for three-year terms of 2022-24. India was elected to the 54-member ECOSOC, by the UNGA
on June 7, 2021, in the Asia-Paci ic States category, along with Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Oman.
c Environment, Forest and Climate Change Minister Prakash Javadekar launched an awareness campaign on single use
plastic 2021 on the occasion of World Ocean Day, June 8. In India two-third waste was getting collected and one-third was
not getting collected, he said. India aims to phase Single Use Plastics by 2022
c The Ministry of Ayush organised a curtain raiser event for the 7th International Day of Yoga. The event was organised by
the Ministry of Ayush in association with Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY). The event underlined the
importance of the central theme of IDY 2021 “Be With Yoga, Be At Home”.
c The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the implementation of “Deep Ocean Mission”.
This mission is proposed by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), to explore the deep ocean for resources and develop
deep-sea technologies for sustainable use of ocean resources.
c The government of India has launched 'Project O2 for India' to step up production of medical oxygen to meet the
potential increase in demand due to further waves of the pandemic. 'Project O2 for India', an initiative of the Of ice of
Principal Scienti ic Adviser, Government of India (GoI), aims to help stakeholders working to augment the country's
ability to meet the rise in demand for medical oxygen.
c Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched a crash course to train more than one lakh “Covid warriors” as he called on
the country to be prepared for challenges the coronavirus pandemic may pose in the future. The programme will be to be
carried out from 111 training centres spread across 26 states. Amid all these efforts, skilled manpower is critical. For this
and to support the current force of coronavirus warriors, one lakh youths are being trained. This training should be over
in 2-3 months.
c On the occasion of the seventh International Yoga Day on June 21, 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has unveiled the
mYoga mobile app. The app has been developed in collaboration between the World Health Organisation (WHO) and
Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (Ministry of AYUSH), Government of India.
c As per the World Investment Report 2021 by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), India was the
ifth-largest recipient of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in lows in the world in 2020. The country received USD 64
billion FDI in 2020, which is an increase of 27 per cent, over USD 51 billion in lows in 2019.
c The Minority Affairs Minister, Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi launched a nationwide “JaanHaiToJahaanHai” awareness campaign
on Corona vaccination for rural and remote areas. The aim of this campaign is to aware people of the Corona vaccination
and to crush rumours and apprehensions related to Corona vaccination. It has been launched by the Ministry of Minority
Affairs in association with various socioeducational organizations, NGOs, and Women Self Help Groups.
c Ahead of the Tokyo Games, the of icial Olympic theme song for the Indian contingent was launched. Mohit Chauhan has
composed and sung the song titled “Lakshya Tera Samne Hai”. The Games will open on July 23 and over 100 Indian
athletes have quali ied for the event so far.
c India and Bhutan have jointly launched the “Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB)”. It has been launched for
strengthening the tax administration of Bhutan. It will focus on International Taxation and Transfer Pricing. TIWB
programme aims to strengthen tax administrations among developing countries by transferring technical know-how
and skills to their tax auditors and by sharing general audit practices & dissemination of knowledge products with them.
This programme is another milestone in the relationship between India and Bhutan. It will be completed in 24 months'
duration.
June
2021 National
ISSUES
c Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a slew of measures, to provide relief to
people and businesses affected by the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Minister announced a total of 17
measures worth Rs. 6,28,993 crore.
c Union Minister for Law & Justice, Communications and Electronics & IT, Ravi Shankar Prasad has formally launched the
e- iling portal of Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), 'itat e-dwar', in New Delhi. The newly developed e-Filing Portal
would enable the parties to ile their Appeals, Miscellaneous Applications, documents, paper books, etc., electronically.
c Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated a Zen Garden and Kaizen Academy at Ahmedabad
Management Association (AMA) premises in Ahmedabad. These two new initiatives are part of PM's vision of creating a
'Mini-Japan' in Gujarat. The newly launched Zen Garden in Ahmedabad will showcase several elements of Japanese art,
culture, landscape and architecture.
c Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Prakash Javadekar has inaugurated NATRAX- the High-Speed
Track(HST) in Indore which is the longest such track in Asia.
c Union Minister for Food Processing Industries, Narendra Singh Tomar virtually inaugurated the Indus Best MegaFood
Park along with Bhupesh Baghel, Chief Minister, Chhattisgarh, and in presence of Rameswar Teli, Union Minister of State
for Food Processing Industries. The Mega Food Park will ensure value addition, a longer shelf life for farm produce, better
price realization for farmers, excellent storage facility and will provide an alternate market for farmers in the region.
c The Principal Bench of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) recently directed the Vadodara Municipal Corporation (VMC),
Gujarat and other authorities to implement the Vishwamitri River Action Plan, including preparation for demarcation,
plantation and maintaining the integrity of the river. The crocodiles, turtles & highly protected species have been
breeding in the stretches of the river.
June
2021 International
ISSUES
UN General Assembly Resolution on Myanmar

India has abstained on a United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)
resolution on Myanmar.
Key Points ‹
c The General Assembly adopted the draft resolution “The
situation in Myanmar” with 119 Member States voting in favour,
including Myanmar while 36 nations abstained, including
Myanmar's neighbours India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Laos,
Nepal and Thailand. Russia also abstained.
c Belarus was the sole country voting against it. ‹ The resolution
expressed “grave concern” at the February 1 coup and called
upon Myanmar's military junta to immediately and
unconditionally release President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and other government of icials,
politicians and those arbitrarily detained or arrested. ‹ It also called “upon all Member States to prevent the low of arms
into Myanmar”.
c The resolution called on the Myanmar armed forces to end the state of emergency and respect all human rights of all the
people of the country.
India's Argument
c The reason that India gave for abstaining is that its views have not been re lected in the draft that was considered for
adoption.
c It reiterated that a “consultative and constructive approach involving the neighbouring countries and the region remains
important” in peacefully resolving the issue.
c In fact, despite its abstention, it made several arguments that overlap with the contents of the resolution – such as
welcoming the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN's) ive-point consensus.
ASEAN's Five-point Consensus
c It envisages ˆ an “early visit of the ASEAN Special Envoy”; ˆ condemning the “use of violence”; and ˆ expressing “steadfast”
support for the process of democratic transition. Concerns for India
c India believes that the solution to the crisis in Myanmar needs to come from the region. It wants Myanmar's neighbours
in South and Southeast Asia, rather than countries seven seas away, to take the lead in resolving the ix. This particular
resolution was predominantly spearheaded by the Western bloc, including the US, UK, France and Germany. Very
evidently, this approach did not sit well with New Delhi.
c It might have felt that a bunch of extraregional powers were trying to set the terms of engagement on an issue that
demands the involvement of regional stakeholders.
c Further, India, in all likelihood, was not comfortable with certain provisions of the resolution. For instance, it might not
have wanted to vote for a resolution that uses the term “Rohingya Muslim minority” or talks about their citizenship rights
June
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– both sticking points in India's Myanmar policy.

c Moreover, India may not have favoured the resolution's call to “prevent the low of arms to Myanmar”, which Naypyitaw
could interpret as New Delhi's endorsement of an informal arms embargo. Here, it is interesting to note that India has
signed a series of defence deals with the Myanmar military in recent years.
c In short, India irmly believes in working with whoever is in power in Naypyitaw – which currently happens to be the
military – to protect its own bilateral and regional interests
60th Anniversary Antarctic Treaty

On 23 June, the 1959 Antarctic Treaty has celebrated its 60th anniversary.
About the Treaty ‹
c The Antarctic Treaty was signed in Washington on 1 December
1959 by the twelve countries whose scientists had been active
in and around Antarctica during the International Geophysical
Year (IGY) of 1957-58. ‹
c The twelve original signatories are Argentina, Australia,
Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South
Africa, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the UK and the
US. ‹ It entered into force in 1961 and has since been acceded to
by many other nations. ‹ The total number of Parties to the
Treaty is now 54. ‹
c The treaty is remarkably short and contains only 14 articles.
Principal provisions include promoting the freedom of
scienti ic research, the use of the continent only for peaceful purposes, and the prohibition of military activities, nuclear
tests and the disposal of radioactive waste
Signi icance of the Treaty ‹
It remains the only example of a single treaty that governs a whole continent. ‹ It is also the foundation of a rules-based
international order for a continent without a permanent population.
Treaty about Territorial Claims ‹
c The most important provision of the treaty is Article IV, which effectively seeks to neutralise territorial sovereignty in
Antarctica. ‹ For the Antarctic territorial claimants, this meant a limit was placed on making any new claim or
enlargement of an existing claim.
c Likewise, no formal recognition was given to any of the seven territorial claims on the continent, by Argentina, Australia,
Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom. ‹ Russia, the United States and China — signatories with
signi icant Antarctic interests who have not formally made territorial claims — are also bound by the limitations of
Article IV. ‹ And one sector of Antarctica is not subject to the claim of any country, which effectively makes it the last
unclaimed land on earth. ‹
c The treaty also put a freeze on any disputes between claimants over their territories on the continent. 5. Indian Atlantic
Programme ‹ The Indian Antarctic expeditions began in 1981. ‹
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c The Indian Antarctic programme has now credited to have built three permanent research base stations in
Antarctica—named Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati. ‹
c As of today, India has two operational research stations in Antarctica named Maitri and Bharati. ‹ The National Centre for
Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, manages the entire Indian Antarctic program.
Red tourism of China

As China's Communist Party celebrates its 100th anniversary
this year, the popularity of "red tourism" is at an all-time high
in the country.
More about Red tourism-
c This project was launched in 2004.
c The purpose of the project is to promote locations with
historical and cultural signi icance to the ruling
Communist Party's history while also providing an
impetus to tourism and local businesses.
c It also seeks to spread awareness about the history of the
Communist Party of China starting from its origins.
c Historical events such as the Long March, the military retreat undertaken by the Red Army to evade the pursuit of the
Kuomintang in 1934, and the ascent to power of Mao Zedong are at the heart of the project.
c 'Red tourism' reminds people of the sacri ices made by the leaders of the Communist party to forge a modern China.
c Important sites covered by red tourism are-
c Yan'an, Mao Zedong's revolutionary base area where the Red Army arrived after the Long March.
c Shaoshan, which is the birthplace of Mao.
c Jinggangshan, where leading members of the Communist Party of China established their irst rural base for the
revolution in 1927.
c Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province which witnessed a signi icant Uprising in 1927 led by Zhou Enlai and He
Long (China's supreme commander)
c Jinggang Mountain in Jiangxi Province where the revolution led by the Communist Party of China began in October, 1927;
and
c Zunyi in Guizhou Province which is dominated by ethnic minorities.
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June
2021 International
ISSUES
Economic Community of West African

States (ECOWAS)
Recently, the West African leaders in a recent regional summit suspended Mali from
ECOWAS bodies after a second coup by the Malian military.
About ECOWAS-
c The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is made up of 15 member
countries that are located in the Western African region.
c Established on May 28, 1975 via the Treaty of Lagos, it is a regional group with a
mandate of promoting economic integration in all ields of activity of the constituting countries.
c The Vision of ECOWAS is the creation of a borderless region where the population has access to its abundant resources
and is able to exploit the same through the creation of opportunities under a sustainable environment.
c Members of ECOWAS are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d' Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau,
Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Senegal and Togo.
c As a trading union, it is also meant to create a single, large trading bloc through economic cooperation.
c The Institutions of ECOWAS comprise: The Authority of Heads of States and Government, The Commission, The
Community Parliament, The Community Court of Justice, Council of Ministers, Specialised Technical Committees and the
ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development (EBID). 5.3 Tulsa Race Massacre In news- Recently, the U.S. President Joe
Biden became the irst sitting American head of state to of icially recognise the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921.
About Tulsa race massacre-
c On May 31 and June 1, 1921, it was the af luent, predominantly African American neighbourhood of Greenwood, Tulsa,
founded by descendants of slaves and having earned a reputation as the “Black Wall Street” of the U.S was attacked by
white American mob.
c Alternatively known as the Black Wall Street massacre, the event is among the single worst incident[s] of racial violence
in American history.
c Tulsa was especially known for being an unof icial sanctuary city for African Americans suffering the consequences of
harsh segregation or Jim Crow laws in pre-civil rights America.
c The widespread killings in Tulsa targeted relatively well-to-do African Americans, and caused extensive damage to their
property.
c For years, the massacre was barely mentioned in government circles, and in newspapers and textbooks.
c It was only in 2000 that it inally made an appearance in the Oklahoma public schools' curriculum.
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EAGLE Act, 2021

A legislation that aims to remove the country cap for permanent
residency visas was recently introduced in the US House of
Representatives. It would have to be passed through the House of
Representatives and the Senate, and then signed by the President of the
United States for it to become a law.
About the Act-
c The Equal Access to Green cards for Legal Employment (EAGLE) Act
of 2021 allows American employers to focus on hiring immigrants
based on their merit, not their birthplace.
c The new law helps Indians who are not able to get green cards due to the country caps and the lottery system in the US.
c The act seeks to remove the seven percent cap for each country for employment-based immigrant visas.
c The seven per cent limit which was introduced in the mid-20th century, has led countries with relatively small
populations to be allocated the same number of visas as a relatively large-population country.
c The per-country limit on family-sponsored visas will also be raised from 7 percent to 15 percent.
c The act aims for the limitations to be removed in a phased manner over the next 9 years.
c However, the act won't allow domination by Chinese and Indian visa applicants as it would put in reserve visas for a
period of nine years for 'Lower Admission States'. 38 www.journalso india.com June 2021
c It will ensure that "no country may receive more than 25 percent of reserved visas and 85 percent of unreserved visas" in
the nine iscal years. A similar Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act (HR1044) was passed by the House of
Representatives in July 2019. Another version of the bill - S386 was passed by the Senate in the 116th session of the
Congress
UN CEO's Water mandate

Recently, National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) joined UN's CEO Water mandate to step up work on water
conservation with reduce, reuse and recycle.
About the CEO Water Mandate-
c It is a UN Global Compact initiative to demonstrate commitment and efforts of companies to better their water and
sanitation agendas as part of long term Sustainable Development Goals. It is designed to assist companies in the
development, implementation, and disclosure of comprehensive water strategies and policies.
c It also provides a platform for companies to partner with like-minded businesses, UN agencies, public authorities, civil
society organizations, and other key stakeholders.
c The mandate is a commitment platform for business leaders and
learners to advance water stewardship.
c Endorsing companies commit to action across six key elements and
report annually on progress.
c In implementing water stewardship, endorsing companies also
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identify and reduce critical water risks to their businesses, seize water-related opportunities, and contribute to water
security and the Sustainable Development Goals.
The Six Commitment areas
1. Direct Operations
2. Supply Chain and Watershed Management
3. Collective Action
4. Public Policy
5. Community Engagement
6. Transparency
UN Global Compact initiative-
c It is a non-binding United Nations pact to encourage businesses and irms worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially
responsible policies, and to report on their implementation.
c It is a principle-based framework for businesses, stating ten principles in the areas of human rights, labor, the
environment and anti-corruption.
c Under the Global Compact, companies are brought together with UN agencies, labor groups and civil society.
c Cities can join the Global Compact through the Cities Programme.
c The UN Global Compact is the world's largest corporate sustainability initiative, with more than 12,000 corporate
participants and stakeholders from more than 140 countries.
About NTPC-
c NTPC Ltd. is a central Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Power.
c It is India's largest energy conglomerate with roots planted way back in 1975 to accelerate power development in India.
c Aim is to provide reliable power and related solutions in an economical, ef icient and environment-friendly manner,
driven by innovation and agility.
c It became a Maharatna company in May 2010.
c ` It is located in New Delhi.
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2021 International
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India joins UN ECOSOC

In news- India has been elected to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC),
one of the six main organs of the United Nations, for the 2022-24 term. It was
elected in the Asia-Paci ic States category alongside Afghanistan, Kazakhstan
and Oman. 39 www.journalso india.com June 2021 More information-
c The UN Charter established ECOSOC in 1945 as one of the six main organs of
the United Nations.
c It is headquartered in New York, United States.
The Council consists of 54 Member States, which are elected yearly by the
General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms.
c Seats on the Council are allocated ensuring equitable geographic rotation among the UN regional groups.
c 14 seats are being allocated to the African Group, 11 to the Asia-Paci ic Group, 6 to the Eastern European Group, 10 to the
Latin American and Caribbean Group and 13 to the Western European and Others Group.
c It advances the three dimensions of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental.
c It serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues and formulating policy
recommendations addressed to member states and the United Nations system.
c The president of the Council is elected for a one-year term and chosen from the small or medium sized states represented
on the Council at the beginning of each new session.
c The presidency rotates among the United Nations Regional Groups to ensure equal representation.
c Ambassador Munir Akram of Pakistan was elected as the seventy-sixth President on 23 July 2020.
G7 Summit, 2021
Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the Outreach Sessions of the G7 Summit in virtual format.
Agenda of G-7 summit, 2021-
c The UK currently holds the presidency of the G7 and invited India, along with Australia, Republic of Korea and South
Africa, as guest countries for the Summit.
c The meetings were held in hybrid mode.
c The theme for the summit was 'Build Back Better'.
c The four priority areas outlined for the UK's presidency are-
*leading the global recovery from coronavirus while
strengthening resilience against future pandemics;
*romoting future prosperity by championing free and fair trade;
*tackling climate change and preserving the planet's
biodiversity;
*championing shared values and open societies;
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c Since 2014, this is the second time PM Modi participated in a G7 meeting.

c India had been invited by the G7 French Presidency in 2019 to the Biarritz Summit as a “Goodwill Partner” and the Prime
Minister participated in the Sessions on 'Climate, Biodiversity and Oceans' and 'Digital Transformation'.
About G7-
c G7 stands for “Group of Seven” industrialized nations.
c It used to be known as the G8 (Group of Eight) until 2014 when Russia was excluded because of its annexation of Crimea
from Ukraine.
c France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and West Germany formed the Group of Six in 1975 so that the
noncommunist powers could come together to discuss important economic issues, global security etc…
c Canada joined the group in 1976.
c Russia joined in 1998 and signaled a cooperation between East and West after the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.
c At present, the group includes the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Japan, France and Italy.
c The G7 is an informal bloc and takes no mandatory decisions, so the leaders' declarations at the end of the summit are
not binding.
c The European Union has been involved in G7 work since 1977, and is represented at the summit by the President of the
European Commission and the President of the European Council.
c The member country holding the G7 presidency is responsible for organizing and hosting the year's summit and
generally every member country hosts the summit once every 7 years.
WHO High-Level Coalition on Health and Energy

Platform of Action
Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare digitally addressed the irst meeting of the World Health
Organization High-Level Coalition on Health and Energy Platform of Action (HEPA).
About WHO High-Level Coalition on Health and Energy Platform of Action-
c The High Level Coalition on Health and Energy, convened by the WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus, is
composed of leaders from governments supporting HEPA as well
as leaders from selected international organizations.
c The objective of the High Level Coalition is to strengthen high-
level cooperation between health and energy sectors, increase
political momentum, spur investments, mobilize public support
and drive practical solutions.
c In 2019, WHO with UNDP, UN DESA and World Bank,
International Renewable Energy Agency, and other key
stakeholders established the HEPA.
c Platform aims to build the political, and inancial commitment
and as well as strengthen the capacity of the health and energy sectors to work together to ensure universal access to
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clean and sustainable energy to protect health.

c The long-term vision of the Global Platform is to improve the health and livelihoods of the poorest populations through
the adoption of clean and sustainable energy.
c The Platform aims to catalyse the scale of results required to achieve SDG 3 on health, SDG 7 on energy and others on
gender (SDG 5) and climate (SDG 13).
India's initiatives in this regard-
c The National Action Plan on Climate Change and Human Health was constituted by the Union government with the
multiple objectives of creating awareness amongst the general population, health-care providers and policy makers
regarding impact of climate change on human health.
c This expert body submitted its report recently in April 2021 with inclusion of Subject Speci ic Health Action Plans on
identi ied Climate Sensitive Diseases and 'One Health'.
c In the context of “Green and Climate Resilient Healthcare Facilities”, India became signatory to the Malé Declaration in
2017 and agreed to promote climate-resilient healthcare facilities to be able to withstand any climatic event.
Atlantic Charter
US President Joe Biden and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson met for the irst time and inspected documents of the
'New Atlantic Charter'.
Key updates-
c It is cited as a cornerstone of the trans-Atlantic “special relationship.”
c At their meeting, the two leaders signed the new Atlantic Charter,
pledging to “defend the principles, values, and institutions of
democracy and open societies.”
c The new Charter outlines modern-day threats including illicit
inance, violent con lict and extremism, climate change, and
global health crises like the Covid-19 pandemic.
About the Atlantic charter-
c It was a declaration signed by British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in August
1941.
c It set out common goals for the world after the Second World
War that included freer trade, disarmament and the right to self-
determination of all people.
c The Charter made it clear that the United States supported Britain in the war.
c A fundamental aim was to focus on the peace that would follow, not speci ic American involvement and war strategy.
c The charter's adherents signed the Declaration by the United Nations on 1 January 1942, which was the basis for the
modern United Nations.
c The dismantling of the British Empire, the formation of NATO, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
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all were derived from the Atlantic Charter.

c The eight principal clauses of the charter were-
c No territorial gains were to be sought by the United States or the United Kingdom.
c Territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned.
c All people had a right to self-determination.
c Trade barriers were to be lowered.
c There was to be global economic co-operation and advancement of social welfare.
c The participants would work for a world free of want and fear.
c The participants would work for freedom of the seas.
c There was to be disarmament of aggressor nations and a common disarmament after the war.
Global liveability index, 2021

Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) published the Global Liveability Index 2021 recently.
Key highlights of the index-
c This year, Auckland in New Zealand rose to the top of the index owing to its successful approach in containing the covid-
19 pandemic
c Japanese cities of Osaka and Tokyo grabbed second and
fourth place on the index.
c Six of the top 10 cities are in New Zealand and Australia.
c The overall global average liveability fell by seven points as
compared with the pre-pandemic score.
c Honolulu was the biggest mover up the ranking in the past
six months, moving 46 places to get the 14th rank on the
liveability index.
c It noted a decline in liveability in many European cities as
they battled the second Covid-19 wave by closing schools
and restaurants, and restructuring cultural and sporting
events.
c Living conditions remained worst in the Syrian capital Damascus.
c Other cities scraping along the bottom of the rankings are Lagos, Port Moresby, and Dhaka.
c The Pakistani city of Karachi also featured in the 10 least liveable cities in the world.
About the Global Liveability Index-
c It is an annual assessment published by the London–based Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
c The Liveability Index examines 140 cities worldwide to quantify the challenges presented to an individual's lifestyle in
the past year, for the irst time taking into account this disrupting global event.
c Each city is assigned a liveability score for more than 30 qualitative and quantitative factors across ive categories:
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Stability, Healthcare, Culture and environment, Education and Infrastructure.

c The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)-
c It was created in 1946.
c It is the research and analysis division of The Economist Group, the sister company to The Economist newspaper.
c It has over 70 years' experience in helping businesses, inancial irms and governments to understand how the world is
changing and how that creates opportunities to be seized and risks to be managed.
NATO summit, 2021

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held its 31st summit in Brussels on June 14th. About NATO-
c NATO is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30
North American and European countries.
c The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was
signed on 4 April 1949.
c NATO's purpose is to guarantee the freedom and security of its
members through political and military means.
c POLITICAL – NATO promotes democratic values.
c MILITARY – NATO is committed to the peaceful resolution of
disputes. If diplomatic efforts fail, it has the military power to
undertake crisis-management operations.
c NATO's Headquarters are located in Evere, Brussels, Belgium, while the headquarters of Allied Command Operations is
near Mons, Belgium.
c The most recent member state to be added to NATO was North Macedonia on 27 March 2020. All decisions of NATO are
taken by consensus.
c NATO summits are not regular meetings like the more frequent NATO ministerial meetings, but rather are important
junctures in the alliance's decision-making process on the highest level. Previously, the summit was held in Watford
(U.K) in December 2019.
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SIPRI yearbook, 2021

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
(SIPRI) launched the indings of SIPRI Yearbook 2021.
About the yearbook, 2021-
c It assesses the current state of armaments,
disarmament and international security.
c A key inding is that despite an overall decrease in the
number of nuclear warheads in 2020, more have been
deployed with operational forces.
c The nine nuclear-armed states are the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel
and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
c These states together possessed an estimated 13,080 nuclear weapons at the start of 2021. 43 www.journalso india.com
June 2021
c This marked a decrease from the 13,400 that SIPRI estimated these states possessed at the beginning of 2020.
c However, the estimated number of nuclear weapons currently deployed with operational forces increased to 3825, from
3720 last year.
c Russia and the USA together possess over 90 percent of global nuclear weapons.
c Russia increased its overall military nuclear stockpile by around 180 warheads, mainly due to deployment of more
multi-warhead land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and sea-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).
c Both countries' deployed strategic nuclear forces remained within the limits set by the 2010 Treaty on Measures for the
Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START treaty), although the treaty does not limit
total nuclear warhead inventories.
c All the other seven nuclear-armed states are also either developing or deploying new weapon systems.
c The UK's 'Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy' (published in early 2021), reversed a
policy of reducing the country's nuclear arsenal and raised its planned ceiling for nuclear weapons from 180 to 260.
c North Korea continues to enhance its military nuclear programme as a central element of its national security strategy.
c While it conducted no nuclear test explosions or long-range ballistic missile tests during 2020, it continued production
of issile material and development of short- and long-range ballistic missiles.
Bushehr nuclear plant

- Iran's sole nuclear power plant underwent a temporary emergency shutdown.
About the nuclear plant-
c This is the irst time the plant has been shut down.
c It went online in 2011 with help from Russia.
c Bushehr is fueled by uranium produced in Russia and is monitored by the
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International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

c It is the irst civilian nuclear power plant built in the Middle East. 44 www.journalso india.com June 2021
c Several research reactors had been built earlier in the Middle East: two in Iraq, two in Israel, one in Syria and three in Iran.
c Russia transferred the operational control of the Bushehr nuclear power plant to Iran on 23 September 2013.
c The plant is located near the boundary of two tectonic plates, the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate.
c The plant is designed to withstand without serious damage a magnitude 8 earthquake, and survive up to magnitude 9.
c Iran is with Israel one of the two countries in the world with signi icant nuclear activities not to ratify the 1994
Convention on Nuclear Safety, a system of peer review and mutual oversight.
Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB)

Bhutan's Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) programme has
been launched in partnership with India.
Key updates-
c TIWB, a joint initiative of the UNDP and the Organisation for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), launched its
programme in Bhutan.
c India was chosen as the Partner Jurisdiction and has provided
the Tax Expert for this programme.
c This programme is expected to be of about 24 months' duration.
45 www.journalso india.com June 2021
c India in collaboration with the UNDP and the TIWB Secretariat aims to aid Bhutan in strengthening its tax
administration by transferring technical know-how and skills to its tax auditors, and through sharing of best audit
practices.
c The focus of the programme will be in the area of International Taxation and Transfer Pricing. About Tax Inspectors
Without Borders-
c It was jointly launched by UNDP and OECD in 2015.
c It is intended to support developing countries to strengthen national tax administrations through building audit
capacity and to share this knowledge with other countries.
c The TIWB Programme aims to strengthen tax administrations of developing countries by transferring technical know-
how and skills to their tax auditors, and through the sharing of general audit practices and dissemination of knowledge
products with them.
c The objective of the TIWB Initiative is to enable sharing of tax audit knowledge and skills with tax administrations in
developing countries through a targeted, real time "learning by doing" approach.
c TIWB facilitates expert audit assistance in areas such as transfer pricing; thin capitalisation; advance pricing
agreements; anti-avoidance rules; consumption taxes ; high net-worth individuals; pre-audit risk assessment and case
selection; audit investigatory techniques; and industry-speci ic or sector-speci ic issues.
c TIWB does not cover assistance relating to customs matters nor is concerned with providing policy support, advice on
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legislative changes, issues related to (re)negotiations, international tax treaties, or litigation.

c TIWB Secretariat acts as a clearing house and interface for requests to participate in the TIWB Programme by proposing
Experts to Host Administrations (responsible for Expert selection).
Green Hydrogen summit

Recently, NTPC anchored a two days BRICS Green Hydrogen
Summit.
Key highlights of the Green Hydrogen Summit-
c NTPC Ltd, India's largest energy integrated company under the
Ministry of Power, anchored a two day workshop on Green
Hydrogen.
c Green Hydrogen is one of the most popular and demanding
ields in the current times and considered to be the next carrier
of energy.
c The online event saw leading experts from the Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) countries.
What is Green Hydrogen?
c Hydrogen when produced by electrolysis using renewable energy is known as Green Hydrogen which has no carbon
footprint.
c It has the potential to provide clean power for manufacturing, transportation, and more and it's only byproduct is water.
c As the world rapidly moves to decarbonise the entire energy system, hydrogen is poised to play a vital role and build on
the rapid scale-up of renewable resources across the world.. Applications of Green Hydrogen-
c Green Chemicals like ammonia and methanol can directly be utilized in existing applications like fertilizers, mobility,
power, chemicals, shipping etc.
c Green Hydrogen blending up to 10% may be adopted in CGD (city gas distribution) networks to gain widespread
acceptance.
c scaling up with greening of hard to abate sectors (like steel and cement) through hydrogen is to be explored. National
Hydrogen MissionIndia has launched an ambitious National Hydrogen Mission to introduce hydrogen purchase
obligations for fertilizers, re ineries involving the private sector in a transparent and competitive manner to produce
green hydrogen.
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Information Fusion Centre for Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR)

The United Kingdom has of icially joined the Indian Navy's Information Fusion Centre-
Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR).
Key updates-
c UK's Lieutenant Commander Stephen Smith will be deputed full time at the centre
for two years. The development is part of the 2030 roadmap announced by Indian
PM Narendra Modi and British PM Boris Johnson after their virtual summit in May,
2021.
c The UK is the ifth country to send its of icers after the US, Japan, France and
Australia.
c The move comes as even the UK has announced its "Indo-Paci ic tilt". The UK
already has a presence in the Western Indian Ocean Region. It has seven permanent
bases in Kenya, Singapore, Brunei, Nepal, Bahrain, Oman, and British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), and seven ships
deployed at any one time to provide security in the Western region of the Indo-Paci ic.
About Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR)-
c IFC-IOR was inaugurated in 2018, with a focus on India and like-minded countries sharing real-time developments in the
maritime domain.
c It has been also recognised by the UN's International Maritime Organization (IMO).
c It keeps an eye on the Indian Ocean with a key focus on the early mobilisation of resources in case of any crisis.
c It has been established at Gurugram, India and is collocated with the Information Management and Analysis Centre
which is jointly administered by the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard.
c IFC-IOR is established with the vision of strengthening maritime security in the region and beyond, by building a
common coherent maritime situation picture and acting as a maritime information hub for the region.
c The information Exchange initially is undertaken by virtual means, using telephone calls, faxes, emails and video
conferencing over the internet.
c Subsequently, to enable better interconnection, quicker analysis of information and provide timely inputs, the IFC-IOR
hosts Liaison Of icers from partner countries.
c Additionally, towards enhancing capability building, the it would undertake conduct of exercises and training capsules in
maritime information collection and sharing.
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Russia, UK spar over Black Sea

Russia has accused Britain of spreading lies over a warship confrontation in the Black Sea
Key updates-
c Russia has warned the UK of further provocative
actions by the British Navy off the coast of Russia-
annexed Crimea.
c Russia seized and annexed the Crimea peninsula from
Ukraine in 2014 and considers areas around its coast to
be Russian waters.
c However, Western countries deem the Crimea to be part
of Ukraine and reject Russia's claim to the seas around
it.
c Hence Britain has said that HMS Defender, the Royal Navy ship, was conducting innocent passage through Ukrainian
territorial waters.
c Under international law of the sea, innocent passage permits a vessel to pass through another state's territorial waters so
long as this does not affect its security.
About Black Sea-
c The Black Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia.
c It lies east of the Balkans (Southeast Europe), south of the East European Plain in Eastern Europe, west of the Caucasus,
and north of Anatolia in Western Asia.
c It is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper, Don, Dniester and Kuban.
c Basin countries are Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine.
c Important cities along the coast include Istanbul, Odessa, Varna, Samsun, Sochi, Sevastopol, Constanţa, Trabzon,
Novorossiysk, Burgas, Batumi.
c Denser, more saline water from the Aegean lows into the Black Sea underneath the less dense, fresher out lowing water
from the Black Sea.
c This creates a signi icant and permanent layer of deep water that does not drain or mix and is therefore anoxic and is
responsible for the preservation of ancient shipwrecks which have been found in the Black Sea.
c The Black Sea ultimately drains into the Mediterranean Sea, via the Turkish Straits and the Aegean Sea.
c The Bosporus Strait connects it to the small Sea of Marmara which in turn is connected to the Aegean Sea via the Strait of
the Dardanelles.
c To the north, the Black Sea is connected to the Sea of Azov by the Kerch Strait.
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Pakistan to remain on FATF grey list

Recently, FATF has refused to take Pakistan out of the 'Grey
List' yet again.
Background
The FATF had placed Pakistan on the grey list in June 2018,
urging Islamabad to implement a 27-point action plan to curb
money laundering and terror inancing by the end of 2019.
According to FATF, Pakistan had failed to take appropriate
action against UN-designated terrorists such as 26/11
accused Ha iz Saeed, Lashkar-e-Taiba founder Saeed,
Operational commander of LeT Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi and
JeM chief Masood Azhar. The Pakistan government has failed
to check the risk of money laundering, leading to corruption and terror inancing. Pakistan has now completed 26 of the 27
action items given to it in 2018.
Consequences of including a country in grey list-
c Economic sanctions from international institutions (IMF, World Bank, ADB etc.) and countries. The problem in getting
loans from international institutions (IMF, World Bank, ADB etc.) and countries.
c Overall reduction in its international trade.
c International boycott.
About the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)-
c FATF was established in July 1989 by a Group of Seven (G-7) Summit in Paris, initially to examine and develop measures
to combat money laundering.
c In October 2001, the FATF expanded its mandate to incorporate efforts to combat terrorist inancing, in addition to
money laundering.
c The current mandate of the FATF (2012-2020) was adopted at a Ministerial meeting in April 2012.
c There are currently 39 members of the FATF -- 37 jurisdictions and 2 regional organisations (the Gulf Cooperation
Council and the European Commission).
c India is also a member.
c 30 countries and international organisations are observer organisations which include the IMF, the UN with six expert
groups and the World Bank.
c The objectives of the FATF are to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and
operational measures for combating money laundering, terrorist inancing and other related threats to the integrity of
the international inancial system.
c It is headquartered in Paris. Various lists of FATFNon-Cooperative Countries or Territories / The FATF blacklist:
c It has been issued by the FATF since 2000.
c It lists countries which it judges to be non-cooperative in the global ight against money laundering and terrorist
inancing, calling them “Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories” (NCCTs).
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c As of 2020, North Korea and Iran are on the FATF blacklist.

Grey list /Watch list:
c “Increased monitoring list” is another name for the Grey List.
c Those countries which are considered as the safe haven for supporting terror funding and money laundering; included
in this list.
c Greylist is a warning given to the country that it might come in Blacklist.
EU's 'Green pass'

Those vaccinated with Covishield, the version of the AstraZeneca vaccine
being manufactured in India by SII, are not eligible for the EU Digital Covid
certi icate or “green pass”.
About EU's Green Pass(EU Digital Covid Certi icate)-
c It is an immunity document to ease travel within and to the 27-member
bloc.
c It will be in place by July 1.
c It is digital proof that a person has either been vaccinated against
Covid-19, received a negative test result or recovered from Covid-19.
c The certi icate is both in digital and paper format, comes with a QR
code is free of charge, is in the national language and English, is safe and
secure and valid in all EU countries 49 www.journalso india.com June
2021
c The EU Digital Covid Certi icate contains necessary key information such as name, date of birth, date of issuance,
relevant information about vaccine/ test/recovery and a unique identi ier.
c This data remains on the certi icate and is not stored or retained when a certi icate is veri ied in another member state.
c The EU Digital Covid Certi icate will also prove the results of testing, which is often required under applicable public
health restrictions.
c National authorities are in charge of issuing the certi icate, for example, it could be issued by test centres or health
authorities or directly via an eHealth portal.
c While the “green pass” is expected to make the experience of travel hassle-free for people by doing away with
restrictions, it is not absolutely compulsory.
c The EMA list only includes four vaccines now -- Vaxzevria (Oxford-AstraZeneca), Comirnaty (P izerBioNTech), Spikevax
(Moderna) and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson).
c None of the three vaccines which have been approved for use in India till date —Covishield, Covaxin and Sputnik V
feature on the list.
How does it work as a pass?
c This Certi icate will be accepted in all member states of the EU and will help ensure that restrictions currently in place
can be lifted in a coordinated manner.
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c The EU Digital Covid Certi icate holder should in principle be exempted from free movement restrictions when travelling
and member states should refrain from imposing additional travel restrictions on them.
c They can stop the holder from travelling if it is necessary and proportionate to safeguard public health.
Veri ication process of the certi icate-
c The EU Digital Covid Certi icate contains a QR code with a digital signature to protect it against falsi ication.
c When the certi icate is checked, the QR code is scanned and the signature veri ied. Each issuing body (e.g. a hospital, a
test centre, a health authority) has its own digital signature key, stored in a secure database in each country.
c The European Commission has built a gateway through which all certi icate signatures can be veri ied across the EU.
c The personal data of the certi icate holder does not pass through the gateway, as this is not necessary to verify the digital
signature.
Southern ocean as 5th of icial ocean

Recently, the National Geographic Society named 'Southern Ocean' as the world's 5th ocean.
Key updates-
c On June 8th World Oceans Day, the society announced that it would henceforth be
labeling the Southern Ocean also known as Antarctic ocean as the ifth ocean on its
maps of our planet. With this decision, the Southern Ocean around Antarctica will
be added to the list of oceans along with the Atlantic, Paci ic, Indian and Arctic
oceans.
c National Geographic began making maps in 1915, but the society had only formally
recognized just four oceans, which they de ined by the continents that bordered
them.
c In contrast, the Southern Ocean is de ined not by the continents that surround it, but by the Ant
arctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) that lows from west to east.
c The newest body of water makes it the second-smallest, after the Arctic.
c The ACC lows through all waters that surround Antarctica until about 60 degrees south, except for the Drake Passage
and the Scotia Sea, which are both roughly between South America's Cape Horn and the Antarctic Peninsula.
c The waters of the ACC and therefore most of the Southern Ocean, are colder and slightly less salty than the ocean waters
to the north.
c The ACC pulls in water from the Atlantic, Paci ic and Indian oceans to help drive a global "conveyor belt" that carries heat
around the planet, while the cold dense water of the ACC sinks and helps to store carbon in the deep ocean.
National Geographic Society-
c It is a global nonpro it organization committed to exploring and protecting our planet.
c It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States.
c Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, and natural science, the promotion of environmental and
historical conservation, and the study of world culture and history
c It is governed by a board of trustees whose 21 members include distinguished educators, business executives, former
government of icials and conservationists.
June
2021 International
ISSUES
c The organization sponsors and funds scienti ic research and exploration.

c The Society's media arm is National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the
Society, which publishes a journal, National Geographic in English and nearly 40 locallanguage editions.
c National Geographic has followed the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) on marine names.
c While not directly responsible for determining them, the IHO works with the United Nations Group of Experts on
Geographical Names to standardize names on an international scale.
PRABANDH portal
The Ministry of Education has developed an online
module for compiling the data of out-of-school children
identi ied by each state/UT and their mapping with
special training centres (STC) on the PRABANDH portal.
Key updates-
c With this online module, they will facilitate age
appropriate admissions of children in the age group of
6-14 years and those belonging to socially and
economically disadvantaged groups.
c For out of school children in the 16-18 years age group, inancial assistance will be provided for the irst time in the
current session 2021-22, to continue their education through open/distance learning mode.
c The child-wise information of the identi ied out of school children and STCs will be uploaded at block level under the
supervision of block source coordinator of the certain block research centre (BRC).
c The information regarding out of school children, STCs and their progress, as uploaded by the BRC is validated by the
District Magistrate or an appropriate of icer as authorised by the DM/DC. A quarterly progress report and a user manual
are shared on the portal.
About PRABANDH portal-
c PRABANDH means PRoject Appraisal, Budgeting, Achievements and Data Handling System.
c It is the portal of Dept of School Education of Ministry of Education under Samagra Shiksha.
c Core objectives:
* To obviate the need for submitting hard copies, except where it is mandated otherwise.
* To have transparency and accuracy in the System w.r.t Approvals, Releases, Financial Status.
* To streamline the Financial Management System, to enable more accurate assessment of actual requirements of funds
for implementation.
* For ef icient decision- making.
c In this portal States and UTs may view the Status of GoI Releases, approved outlays, coverage as per UDISE,school wise
list of approvals, school wise gaps, cancellations in approvals etc. under Samagra Shiksha
c In addition, online submission of Monthly Progress Reports, physical as well as inancial, can also be made by the
respective State/UTs in the PRABANDH System.
June
2021 International
ISSUES
c It also provides monthly status of physical and inancial progress under the major interventions of the scheme, which
automatically picks up data from the system based on monthly updates done by the States and UTs.
ADI PRASHIKSHAN Portal

Recently, the Minister of Tribal Affairs launched the ADI PRASHIKSHAN
portal and inaugurated a threeday training programme on “Capacity
Building Training of Master Trainers for ST PRI Members” as part of Azadi
ka AmritMahotsav.
About ADI PRASHIKSHAN portal-
c The Tribal Affairs Ministry has developed the portal in collaboration
with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
c Its aim is to provide comprehensive information on training
programmes held across the country.
c It is an initiative to reach the remotest area using information
technology so that tribal communities are able to have access to their
rights and bene its.
c It would act as a Central Repository of all training programs conducted by
* Tribal Research Institutes
* Different divisions of the Ministry
* National Society for Education of Tribal Students
* Centre of Excellences funded by Ministry of Tribal Affairs and
* National Tribal Research Institute
c It will also catalyze and improve the processes of conducting training by making it online and accessible to all.
c Uni ied open platform will give users access to authentic knowledge products.
CLAT 2020
RESULT
34
AIR
In
Top
100
Highest Selections
No Misleading lawpreptutorial
Shubhranshu Suraj
Test Series Claims like other Institute www.lawpreptutorial.com
June
2021 International
ISSUES
Digital news report, 2021

India is ranked at 31 in the 10th edition of Reuters Institute for the
Study of Journalism (RISJ)'s Digital News Report 2021. The Asian
College of Journalism (ACJ) provided logistical support for
surveying the Indian market.
More information-
c India stood at 31 when it came to “trust in news” out of the 46
media markets surveyed and India hasfeatured for the irst
time in its main report.
c The study found 73 percent of the respondents in India use
smartphones to access news; 82 percent source news online
and 63 percent acquire information solely from social media platforms like WhatsApp and YouTube.
c Only 38 per cent in India said they trusted news overall.
c In India, legacy print brands and government broadcasters scored high on trust levels among news consumers.
c Finland had the highest levels of overall trust in news with 65 per cent, while the US had the lowest levels of trust at 29
per cent.
c As ACJ and RISJ interviewed only online news users and English-speaking af luent, younger, educated and city-dwelling
population the survey cannot be considered as representing India.
Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ)
c It is a UK-based research centre and think tank.
c The Reuters Institute is the University of Oxford's research centre on issues affecting news media globally.
c The institute was founded in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of
c Oxford in 2006 to conduct scholarly and professional research on news media, operate the Thomson
c Reuters Journalism Fellowship Programme, and host academic research fellows.
c The Fellowship Programme, founded in 1983, is jointly based at the University of Oxford's Department of
c Politics and International Relations and Green Templeton College.
c The RISJ is a partner of the European Journalism Observatory, a network of eleven language sites reporting media
research from across Europe.
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Task force for Mission Karmayogi

Former Infosys CEO S D Shibu Lal was appointed chairperson of a three-
member task force formed to help the government in bringing major
bureaucratic reforms through its ambitious "Mission Karmayogi”.
About the task force-
c It has been decided to constitute a task force comprising leading
ex p e r t s to d raw a c l e a r ro a d m a p fo r t h e g u i d a n c e a n d
operationalisation of the 'Karmayogi Bharat', the SPV.
c The task force will include Govind Iyer, Consultant at global management consulting group Egon Zehnder,and Pankaj
Bansal, Co-founder and Group CEO of HR tech company PeopleStrong.
c The task force will be free to constitute working groups, co-opt additional members/experts/special invitees, and
consult national and international leaders in the ield.
c It shall submit its recommendations on organisational structure for the SPV aligning its vision, mission and functions;
policy frameworks for HR, compensation, IT, procurement and oversight functions, and staf ing plans for top
management.
c The task force is expected to complete its work within a period of six months from the date of its constitution and submit
its recommendations in the form of periodic/interim reports in respect of various terms assigned to it.
Mission Karmayogi
The Centre has recently approved the 'National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building – Mission Karmayogi' to
effect a transformational shift from rule based training to role-based capacity development of all civil services in the
country so as to enhance citizen experience for government services and improve availability of competent
workforce.Mission Karmayogi is a nationwide programme to lay the foundation for capacity building of civil servants, it will
help the of icers to learn about the best practices across the world. It will have two paths, self driven,
where the of icial can choose the ield of interest, and guided, where of icials will be provided with the wherewithal to
perform their jobs effectively.
The six pillars of Mission Karmayogi:
1. Policy Framework. 2. Institutional Framework. 3. Competency Framework. 4. Digital Learning Framework.
5. The electrical Human Resource Management System. 6. The Monitoring and Evaluation Framework.
Karmayogi Bharat- a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)-
c To effectively roll out mission Karmayogi, a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), namely Karmayogi Bharat, would be set up
as a not-for-pro it company.
c It will be set up under section 8 of Companies Act, 2013 as a 100% government-owned entity.
c The SPV will be responsible to deliver and manage design, implement, enhance and manage a digital platform and
infrastructure.
c It will also manage and deliver competency assessment services, and manage governance of telemetry data and
ensure provision of monitoring and evaluation.
June
2021 International
ISSUES
Snippets
c The UN health agency, World Health Organisation (WHO), has given easy-to-say labels to two variants of the Covid-19,
irst found in India. The two variants are B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2. The B.1.617.1 variant of the Covid 19 has been named
as 'Kappa' while the B1.617.2 variant is named as 'Delta.'
c Veteran Israeli politician, Isaac Herzog, has been elected as the President of the country on June 01, 2021, during the 120
members parliamentary election for 2021. The 60-year-old Herzog will be the 11th President of Israel, assuming of ice
with effect from July 09, 2021. He will succeed Reuven Rivlin, who is set to complete his tenure in July 2021 after seven
years in of ice.
c A 41-year-old man in China's eastern province of Jiangsu has been con irmed as the irst human case of infection with the
H10N3 strain of bird lu, China's National Health Commission (NHC). The man, a resident of the city of Zhenjiang, was
hospitalised on April 28 after developing a fever and other symptoms. He was diagnosed as having the H10N3 avian
in luenza virus.
c China has created a combined air defence system along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). The combined air defence
system has been developed with the elements of the air force and army of western theatre command. For the irst time,
an integrated army air defence system has been developed by china along the western borders. The combined air
defence system has been developed for putting all assets of the army and air force under central control. Since 2017,
China has increased the number of airbases and heliports near the LAC.
c The European Union and an energy investment programme founded by Bill Gates plan to raise up to $1 billion to roll out
the low-carbon technologies Europe is betting on to meet its climate change goals. The partnership would see Gates-
founded Breakthrough Energy use private capital and philanthropic funds to match funding provided by the EU.
c The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration has been of icially launched, which will run from 2021 to 2030.
United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration will be co-led by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). It was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in a 2019
resolution.
c Maldivian foreign minister, Abdullah Shahid was elected President of the 76th United Nations General Assembly (PGA)
with an overwhelming majority. He garnered 143 votes in favour with 48 against – that gave him victory by a three-
fourths majority. The post of the UN General Assembly President rotated annually among regional groupings. The 76th
session (2021-22) is the turn of the Asia-Paci ic group and this is the irst time Maldives will be occupying the of ice of the
PGA.
c Group of Seven (G7) advanced economies signed a landmark deal on taxing multinational companies. As per the deal, the
minimum global tax rate would be at least 15 per cent. The agreement was signed by inance ministers of the United
Kingdom, United States, Germany, Canada, France, Italy and Japan. It opens the way for levies on multinational
companies in countries where they operate rather than just where they are headquartered.
c Interpol has launched a new global database named “I-Familia” to identify missing persons through family DNA and help
the police solve cold cases in member countries. Describing it as a groundbreaking database of icially launched this
month, the Interpol in a statement said it applied cutting-edge scienti ic research and used the DNA of relatives to
identify missing persons or unidenti ied human remains around the world.
c El Salvador has become the irst country in the world to grant legal tender status to bitcoin. The use of bitcoin as legal
tender will become law in 90 days. El Salvador's economy heavily relies on remittances and so those who are working
June
2021 International
ISSUES
abroad can send money back home in bitcoins. The use of bitcoin will be totally optional. It will bring inancial inclusion,
investment, tourism, innovation and economic development to the country.
c Russia is building the irst naval ship that will be fully equipped with stealth technology to make it hard to detect. The hull
of the Mercury naval corvette dubbed project 20386 has already been built and the vessel is expected to be delivered to
the navy next year. The warship will be armed with cruise missiles, anti-aircraft missiles and artillery.
c Former Mongolian Prime Minister, Ukhnaa Khurelsukh became the country's sixth democratically elected president,
further consolidating the power of the ruling Mongolian People's Party (MPP) with a landslide victory.
c France will make a direct contribution of 1 million euros to the International Solar Alliance. The amount is expected to
bene it the ISA's lagship programme, STAR-C (Solar Technology Application Resource Centre) “which provides capacity
building and training activities on all aspects of solar energy development.
c Israel will become the world's irst mask-free country in the Corona period. Here the rule of applying masks in closed
places will end from June 15. This was announced by Israel's Health Minister Yuli Edelstein. The rule of applying masks
outside has already been abolished in the country.
c Naftali Bennett, the former Defence Minister of Israel, and leader of the Yamina party took oath as the Prime Minister of
the country. The 49-yearold former tech entrepreneur replaces Benjamin Netanyahu, who has been forced out of of ice
after 12 years (2009 to 2021). (Netanyahu is the longest-serving PM of Israel).
c UN Security Council elected Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana, and UAE as non-permanent members for the 2022-23 term.
All ve countries, elected unopposed, will begin their term from 1 January 2022. The election for the non-permanent
members of the Security Council is held through secret ballot and candidates require a two-thirds majority in the
General Assembly to get elected.
c NATO leaders declared that China poses a constant security challenge and is working to undermine global order. This is a
message in sync with US President Joe Biden's efforts to get allies to speak out with a more uni ied voice against China's
trade, military and human rights practices.
c A new free trade agreement with the United Kingdom will deliver more Australian jobs and business opportunities for
exporters, bringing both countries closer together in a changing strategic environment. Prime Ministers Scott Morrison
and Boris Johnson have agreed on the broad outlines of an Australia-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
c Ebrahim Raisi has won the 2021 Iranian presidential election, winning 62 per cent of the vote with about 90 per cent of
ballots counted. The 60-year-old Raisi will succeed Hassan Rouhani in August 2021, to begin his four-year term. He is
also the Chief Justice of Iran since March 2019.
c Armenia's acting prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, kept power in a parliamentary election that boosted his authority
despite being widely blamed for a military defeat last year in the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave. Nikol's Civil Contract party
won 53.92% of the votes cast.
c Japan plans to issue so-called vaccine passports from around mid-to-late July as more activities around the world open
up to people who have been vaccinated against the coronavirus.The government is asking other countries to exempt
travelers carrying the documents that of icially certify their vaccination status from quarantine or to shorten the
quarantine period.
c This is the irst time Iran has reported an emergency shutdown of the plant in the southern port city of Bushehr. It went
online in 2011 with help from Russia. Iran is required to send spent fuel rods from the reactor back to Russia as a nuclear
nonproliferation measure.Unexplained closure of the Bushehr reactor could cause power cuts.
c Microsoft reached a new milestone as the company's market capitalization hit $2 trillion for the irst time. Apple became
June
2021 International
ISSUES
the irst publicly traded U.S. company to reach the $2 trillion mark in August. Amazon, valued at $1.77 trillion, is also
approaching the $2 trillion club.
c The Prime Minister of Sweden, Stefan Lofven, has announced his resignation on June 28, 2021, after he lost a con idence
vote in parliament. The 63- year-old Lofven is the irst Swedish government leader to be defeated by a no-con idence
vote. He was serving as the prime minister of Sweden since 2014.
c Philippines has been included in the grey list of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). FATF has released its grey list of
jurisdictions that will be subjected to increased monitoring. In addition to the Philippines, Haiti, Malta, and South Sudan
have also been added to the grey list.
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June
2021 Legal
ISSUES
Process of Recusal of Judges

Recently, two Supreme Court (SC) judges — Justice Indira Banerjee and
Justice Aniruddha Bose have recused themselves from hearing cases
relating to West Bengal. ‹ In another case, Delhi High Court (HC) judge Anup
Bhambhani has also recused himself from hearing a plea by digital media
houses challenging the validity of the IT rules regulating intermediaries.
What is Recusal of Judges? ‹
Recusal, generally referred as judicial disquali ication, is the act of
abstaining from participation in an of icial action such as a legal proceeding
due to a con lict of interest of the presiding court of icial or administrative
of icer. ‹ The practice stems from the cardinal principle of due process of
law that nobody can be a judge in her own case. Any interest or con lict of
interest would be a ground to withdraw from a case since a judge has a duty to act fair. ‹ Another instance for recusal is when
an appeal is iled in the Supreme Court against a judgement of a High Court that may have been delivered by the SC judge
when she was in the HC.
Process of Recusal ‹
There are no formal rules governing recusals, although several Supreme Court judgments have dealt with the issue. ‹ Since
there are no formal rules governing the process, it is often left to individual judges to record reasons for recusal. Some
judges disclose the reasons in open court; in some cases, the reasons are apparent. ‹ In Ranjit Thakur v Union of India
(1987), the Supreme Court held that the tests of the likelihood of bias is the reasonableness of the apprehension in the
mind of the party. ‹ “A Judge shall not hear and decide a matter in a company in which he holds shares… unless he has
disclosed his interest and no objection to his hearing and deciding the matter is raised,” states the 1999 charter
'Restatement of Values in Judicial Life', a code of ethics adopted by the Supreme Court.
Reasons ‹
When there is a con lict of interest, a judge can withdraw from hearing a case to prevent creating a perception that she/he
carried a bias while deciding the case. ‹ The con lict of interest can be in many ways — from holding shares in a company that
is a litigant to having a prior or personal association with a party involved in the case. ‹ In a landmark verdict in 2015 holding
that the National Judicial Appointments Commission as unconstitutional, Justice Kurian Joseph and Justice Madan Lokur
had referred to the need for judges to give reasons for recusal to build transparency and help frame rules to govern the
process. ‹ Once a request is made for recusal, the decision to recuse or not rests with the judge. While there are some
instances where judges have recused even if they do not see a con lict but only because such an apprehension was cast,
there have also been several cases where judges have refused to withdraw from a case.
June
2021 Legal
ISSUES
Draft Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Recently, the Centre has released the draft Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2021.
Key Highlights ‹
c The new draft proposes to amend the Cinematograph Act of 1952
with provisions that will give the Centre “revisionary powers” and
enable it to “re-examine” ilms already cleared by the Central
Board of Film Certi ication (CBFC). ‹
c The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting proposes to add a
provision to the Act that will equip the Centre with revisionary
powers on account of violation of Section 5B(1) (principles for
guidance in certifying ilms). ˆ
c In other words, the proposed revision “means that the Central
Government, if the situation so warranted, has the power to
reverse the decision of the Board”. ‹ The draft proposed to
introduce agebased categorisation and classi ication. ˆ Currently,
ilms are certi ied into three categories — 'U' for unrestricted public exhibition; 'U/A' that requires parental guidance for
children under 12; and 'A' for adult ilms. ˆ
c The new draft proposed to divide the categories into further age-based groups: U/A 7+, U/A 13+ and U/A 16+. This
proposed age classi ication for ilms echoes the new IT rules for streaming platforms. ‹
c The draft proposed to add Section 6AA that will prohibit unauthorised recording. ˆ At present, there are no enabling
provisions to check ilm piracy in the Cinematograph Act, 1952. ‹ The draft also proposed to certify ilms for perpetuity.
Currently a certi icate issued by the CBFC is valid only for 10 years.
Criticism ‹
c The draft has been criticised by ilmmakers such as Adoor Gopalakrishnan, who has termed it a “super censor”, adding
one more layer of censorship to the already existing process. ‹
c The draft came shortly after the abolition of the Film Certi icate Appellate Tribunal, which was the last point of appeal for
ilmmakers against the certi icate granted to their ilm. Therefore, new draft could be a further curb on freedom of
expression. ‹
c According to the experts, the dissolving of the appellate tribunal itself was an undemocratic decision, taken without any
consultation. ˆ
c Even at present, the ilmmakers have not much say in the certi ication process, with the censor of icers implementing the
will of the Government. ˆ The Supreme Court had earlier said that the Government has no right to demand re-censorship
of a ilm which has already been censored.
June
2021 Legal
ISSUES
Delimitation in Jammu and Kashmir

Recently, Prime Minister of India held a meeting with 14 key political leaders from Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) to chalk out
the future course of action in the union territory.
Background ‹
On 2020 Independence Day, Prime Minister had said elections would be held in J&K after the delimitation process in the
Union Territory was over. ‹ Delimitation is crucial for kick-starting the political process in J&K.
What is Delimitation? ‹
Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of an Assembly or
Lok Sabha seat to represent changes in population over time. ‹ Given
the political sensitivity of the exercise, no government — central or
state — can carry it out, and after every census, Parliament enacts a
Delimitation Act under Article 82 of the Indian Constitution. ‹ This
exercise is carried out by a Delimitation Commission, whose orders
have the force of law and cannot be questioned before any court. ‹
The objective is to redraw boundaries (based on the data of the last
Census) in a way so that the population of all seats, as far as
practicable, be the same throughout the State. ‹ Aside from changing
the limits of a constituency, the process may result in change in the
number of seats in a state.
Delimitation in J&K ‹
A delimitation commission was irst constituted for J&K in 1952. Subsequently, they were constituted in 1963, 1973 and
2002. ‹ Delimitation in J&K has followed a slightly different trajectory than in the rest of the country, due to the special status
it was accorded under Article 370. ‹ In August 2019, the government of India has scrapped the Article 370. ‹ Until then,
delimitation of Lok Sabha seats in J&K was governed by the Constitution of India, but the delimitation of the state's
Assembly seats was governed by the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution and Jammu and Kashmir Representation of the
People Act, 1957. ‹ According to the last delimitation process, J&K Assembly had 87 seats — 46 in Kashmir, 37 in Jammu and
4 in Ladakh — 24 were reserved for Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
Latest Delimitation Commission ‹
On March 6, 2020, the government set up the Delimitation Commission, headed by retired Supreme Court judge Ranjana
Prakash Desai. ‹ After the abrogation of J&K's special status in 2019, delimitation of Lok Sabha and Assembly seats in the
newly-created Union Territory would be as per the provisions of the Indian Constitution.
Related Controversy ‹
As per the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, the seats for Jammu and Kashmir Assembly will be increased by
seven seats, in effect they will go up from 83 to 90 postdelimitation. ‹ The concern for several mainstream political parties in
the Valley has been that representation may be increased for Jammu after the delimitation exercise, and not Kashmir,
thereby weakening their electoral fortunes.
June
2021 Legal
ISSUES
Draft Rules on E-commerce

The draft rules released recently are broadly in line with the IT
intermediary rules announced for social media companies earlier this
year. ‹ According to the new provisions, e-commerce companies would
need to register with the Department of Promotion for Industry and
Internal Trade (DPIIT). ‹
Key Highlights of the Draft Rule
New provisions proposed that the information sought by the
Government agency will have to be produced by the e-commerce
company “within 72 hours of the receipt of an order from the said
authority”. ‹
On the lines of IT intermediary rules, the Consumer Affairs Ministry has
proposed to mandate e-commerce companies to appoint a grievance of icer, a chief compliance of icer, and a nodal contact
person “for 24×7 coordination with law enforcement agencies”. ‹
The rules are applicable for all goods and services bought or sold over digital or electronic networks, including digital
products. ˆ
They are valid for all models of e-commerce, including marketplace and inventory models, including multi-channel single
brand retailers and single brand retailers. ‹
Furthermore, to make the existing e-commerce norms more stringent, the Ministry is looking to ensure that these irms do
not use data collected through their business for “unfair advantage” and prevent any possible links they may have with
traders selling goods and services on their platforms. ˆ
On this front, the Government has called for disallowing “speci ic lash sales” on e-commerce platforms. ‹ Conventional e-
commerce lash sales are not banned. An only speci ic lash sales or back-to-back sale which limit customer choice, increase
prices and prevents a level playing ield are not allowed. ˆ A “ lash sale” is de ined as a sale organised by an e-commerce
entity at signi icantly reduced prices, high discounts or any other such promotions or attractive offers for a predetermined
period of time. Additionally, the proposed rules also look to add to the Centre's push behind domestic goods. ˆ
They propose that e-commerce irms should mention the name and details of any importer from whom it has purchased
such goods or services. ˆ
These irms will also have to provide alternative suggestions to customers before they make a purchase “to ensure fair
opportunity for domestic goods”.
Indian E-commerce Industry‹
Indian E-commerce Industry ‹ The Indian E-commerce market is expected to grow to US$ 200 billion by 2026 from US$ 38.5
billion as of 2017. ‹ Much of the growth for the industry has been triggered by an increase in internet and smartphone
penetration.
Government Initiatives ‹
Since 2014, the government of India has announced various initiatives, namely Digital India, Make in India, Start-up India,
Skill India and Innovation Fund. ‹
National Retail Policy: The government had identi ied ive areas in its proposed national retail policy—ease of doing
June
2021 Legal
ISSUES
business, rationalisation of the licence process, digitisation of retail, focus on reforms and an open network for digital
commerce—stating that of line retail and e-commerce need to be administered in an integral manner.
‹ In order to increase the participation of foreign players in E-commerce, Indian Government hiked the limit of FDI in E-
commerce marketplace model to up to 100% (in B2B models).
Heavy investment made by the Government in rolling out iber network for 5G will help boost E-commerce in India
Itat e-dwar
The Union Minister for Law & Justice, Communications and Electronics & IT,
recently launched the e- iling portal of Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT),
'itat e-dwar'.
Key updates-
c The portal will enhance the accessibility, accountability and transparency in
the day to day working of the ITAT.
c It would not only result in economization of the use of paper, savings in costs
but also lead to quicker disposal of cases.
c It would enable the parties to ile their Appeals, Miscellaneous Applications,
documents, paper books, etc., electronically.
c With the combination of digital courtroom, virtual hearings and Mobile Application providing Judicial Information,
paperless courts will soon be a reality in ITAT.
About ITAT-
c ITAT is a quasi judicial institution set up in January, 1941 and specializes in dealing with appeals under the Direct Taxes
Acts.
c It was constituted by virtue of section 5A of the Income Tax Act, 1922.
c It draws inspiration from its motto 'Nishpaksh Sulabh Satvar Nyay', which means impartial, easy and speedy justice.
c It is referred to as 'Mother Tribunal' being the oldest Tribunal in the country.
c The orders passed by the ITAT are inal, an appeal lies to the High Court only if a substantial question of law arises for
determination.
c Presently ITAT has 63 Benches at 27 different stations covering almost all the cities having a seat of the High Court
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2021 Legal
ISSUES
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology and for Law and Justice was recently locked out of his Twitter
account for violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).
About the Act-
c DMCA is a 1998 law passed in the US and is among the world's irst laws recognising
intellectual property on the internet.
c It was signed into law by the then US President Bill Clinton.
c The law oversees the implementation of the two treaties signed and agreed upon by member
nations of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) in 1996.
c They are the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty.
c Both require member nations and signatories to provide in their respective jurisdictions, protection to intellect
ual property that may have been created by citizens of different nations who are also cosignatories to the treaty.
c The said protection, accorded by each member state, must not be any less in any way than the one being given to a
domestic copyright holder.
c It also obligates that signatories to the treaty ensure ways to prevent circumvention of the technical measures used to
protect copyrighted work.
c It also provides the necessary international legal protection to digital content.
c Any content creator of any form, who believes that their original content has been copied by a user or a
c website without authorisation can ile an application citing their intellectual property has been stolen or violated.
c Since the companies operate in nations which are signatories to the WIPO treaty, they are obligated to remove the said
content if they receive a valid and legal DMCA takedown notice.
About WIPO-
c It is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN).
c It was created in 1967 to promote and protect intellectual property (IP) across the world by cooperating with countries
as well as international organizations.
c It began operations on 26 April 1970 when the convention entered into force.
c The current Director General is Singaporean Daren Tang.
c It administers 26 international treaties that concern a wide variety of IP issues, ranging from the protection of
broadcasts to establishing international patent classi ication.
c It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
c It does not rely heavily on assessed or voluntary contributions from member states as 95 percent of its budget comes
from fees related to its global services.
c It currently has 193 member states, including 190 UN member states and the Cook Islands, Holy See and Niue, Palestine
have permanent observer status
c The only non-members are the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau and South Sudan.
June
2021 Legal
ISSUES
Enforcing Contracts portal

The “Enforcing Contracts Portal” was inaugurated by the Secretary
(Justice) at the Department of Justice,Delhi.
Key updates-
c The Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) index of the World Bank is a
ranking system which is an indication of an economy's position
relative to that of other economies across 11 areas of business
regulation.
c The “Enforcing Contracts'' indicator is one such essential area that
measures time and cost to resolve a standardized commercial dispute
as well as a series of good practices in the judiciary.
c The portal is envisioned to be a comprehensive source of information pertaining to the legislative and policy reforms
being undertaken on the “Enforcing Contracts” parameters.
c It includes the latest data related to the functioning and disposal of commercial cases in the Dedicated Commercial
Courts of Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Kolkata.
c It contains instructive videos related to e- iling, advocate registration; manuals on using the Electronic Case
Management Tools(ECMTs) like JustIS app for judicial of icers and e-Courts services app for use by lawyers and a
repository of all related commercial laws for ready reference.
c The new portal also hosts online reporting by all High Courts regarding the Mediation and Arbitration centres in order to
monitor and promote institutional mediation & arbitration by way of Pre-institution Mediation and Settlement (PIMS)
of commercial cases.
c Currently, only the cities of Delhi and Mumbai are under the purview of the EoDB.
c Kolkata and Bengaluru are likely to be included in the Doing Business Report in future.
CLAT 2020
RESULT
34IN AIR
TOP
100
sh t
t B i HIGHEST
an Selections
Ved from
Classroom/Online
Coaching
lawpreptutorial
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www.lawpreptutorial.com like other Institute

June
2021 Appointments
/Resignations
c Director-General of Central Reserve Police Force, Kuldiep Singh has been given additional charge of Director General of
National Investigation Agency, NIA. He will hold the additional post after 31st or this month after the superannuation of
Y C Modi.
c Tata Steel Ltd chief executive of icer and managing director, T.V. Narendran has taken over as president of the
Confederation of Indian Industry.
c The Indian Broadcasting Foundation (IBF) announced the appointment of former Supreme Court judge Justice
Vikramjit Sen as the Chairman of its newly formed self-regulatory body Digital Media Content Regulatory Council
(DMCRC).
c Former Supreme Court judge Arun Kumar Mishra will be the new chairperson of the National Human Rights
Commission (NHRC) after a high- powered recommendation committee proposed his name.
c Vice-Admiral Ravneet Singh, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM), and Nausena Medal (NM) holder assumed charge as the
Deputy Chief of Naval Staff. He relieves Vice Admiral MS Pawar, a Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM), AVSM, Vishisht Seva
Medal (VSM) holder, who superannuated on May 31.
c Dr Patrick Amoth, the acting Director-General for Health, Ministry of Health of Kenya has been appointed as the
Chairman of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Executive Board, for a period of one year. The announcement was
made during the 149th session of the WHO Executive Board, on June 02, 2021, by the outgoing Chair Dr Harsh Vardhan.
c Former IITian, Dr Vinay K Nandicoori, has been appointed as the Director at the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular
Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana. He is a well-known molecular biologist, and a scientist at the DBT- National
Institute of Immunology, New Delhi.
c The Facebook-owned messaging app WhatsApp has named Paresh B Lal as the Grievance Of icer for
India. WhatsApp has updated the details on its website for how to contact Mr Lal because, under the IT law, social media
companies are required to display the names and other details of their grievance of icers on their websites.
c Lieutenant General Pradeep Chandran Nair, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM), Yudh Seva Medal (YSM) took over as the
21st Director General of the Assam Ri les (popularly known as Sentinels of the North-East).
c The International Dairy Federation (IDF) has unanimously elected R S Sodhi, managing director, Gujarat Cooperative
Milk Marketing Federation Ltd or GCMMF that sells Amul branded products in India, to its board during the general
assembly held on 1 June. He is alumni of the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA).
c The Indian Air Force will see a number of changes at the top as Air Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari has been appointed as
the next Vice Chief of Air Staff in the Air headquarters. Air Marshal Ballabha Radha Krishna would be succeeding
Chaudhari at the Western Command in Delhi while Air Marshal RJ Duckworth would be taking charge of the Central Air
Command in Prayagraj.
c Ranjitsinh Disale has been appointed as the World Bank Education advisor, starting from June 2021 to June
2024. He is the irst Indian to have been awarded the Global Teacher Award in 2020, will now be working on the Coach
Project, launched by the World Bank in March 2021.
c The Reserve Bank of India has approved the appointment of Vishwavir Ahuja as the Managing Director and CEO of RBL
Bank for a one-year period with effect from June 30, 2021. He has been the Managing Director & CEO of RBL Bank since
June 30, 2010. Before RBL Bank, Ahuja was the Managing Director & CEO of Bank of America, India.
c Senior administrator and former power secretary, Sanjeev Nandan Sahai is set to take over as next chairman of the
June
2021 Appointments
/Resignations
Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB). A search committee headed by V K Saraswat, Member (S&T),
NITI Aayog, cleared the name of Sahai. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board is a statutory body in India.
c The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. (HSBC) announced the appointment of Hitendra Dave as Chief
Executive Of icer of HSBC India subject to receipt of regulatory approval.
c The Union government has appointed Anup Chandra Pandey, a retired IAS of icer of the 1984 batch, Uttar Pradesh cadre,
as Election Commissioner. In the Election Commission, Pandey will have a little under three years in of ice and will retire
in February 2024.
c Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, AVSM, VSM has assumed charge as Director General Naval Operations. The Flag Of icer
is a specialist in Anti- Submarine Warfare (ASW) and has served on frontline warships of the Navy as ASW Of icer and
later as the Executive Of icer and Principal Warfare Of icer of Guided Destroyer INS Mysore.
c The UN Security Council has recommended Secretary-General Antonio Guterres for a second ive-year term as chief of
the world organisation beginning January 1, 2022.
c The Reserve Bank of India has granted approval for the re-appointment of Chandra Shekhar Ghosh as MD and CEO of
Bandhan Bank, for a period of three years. The re-appointment as above is subject to the approval of shareholders at the
ensuing annual general meeting of the bank.
c Private lender, ICICI Bank, has received RBI's approval for the re-appointment of Girish Chandra Chaturvedi as the part-
time Chairman of the Bank.
c The appointments committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the extension of the tenure of MR Kumar as the
Chairman of state-owned insurance company Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC).
c The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the re-appointment of Mahesh Kumar Jain as the Deputy
Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for two more years with effect from June 22, 2021.
c Facebook has named Spoorthi Priya as its grievance of icer for India, the company said on its website. This
move comes close on the heels of the new Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics
Code) Rules, 2021, coming into force last month.
c French defence and aerospace group, Thales announced the appointment of Ashish Saraf as Vice-
President and Country Director for India with effect from June 1, 2021. He succeeds Emmanuel de Roquefeuil who takes
up a new role as the VP and head for Thales in the Middle East.
c Indian Foreign Service (IFS) of icer, K Nagaraj Naidu was named chef de cabinet by the incoming UN general assembly
president, Maldivian foreign minister Abdulla Shahid. He was appointed for the duration of one-year tenure to lead the
world body through its return to normalcy as countries strive to bring the pandemic under control.
c India's Nagraj Adiga has been elected as the Asia- Oceania Representative at the recently concluded 2021 International
Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) Congress at which the IAU council elections were held.
c The U.N. General Assembly has approved the appointment of Costa Rican economist Rebecca Grynspan, as the Secretary-
General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). She will serve a four-year term of of ice.
She is the irst woman and Central American to head UNCTAD. She was nominated as Secretary- General by UN
Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.
c The Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) has roped in former Supreme Court Justice (Retd.) Arjan Kumar
Sikri to chair the Grievance Redressal Board (GRB), formed as a part of the Digital Publisher Content Grievances
Council (DPCGC). The GRB will address content grievances pertaining to any of the DPCGC member's video streaming
services.
c England's Football Association named corporate executive and former RAC chief, Debbie Hewitt as its irst woman chair,
ending months of speculation over Greg Clarke's successor following his exit over inappropriate remarks.
June
2021 Appointments
/Resignations
c Mukesh Sharma, a faculty at IIT Kanpur, has been appointed as an honorary member of the World Health Organisation's
(WHO) Global Air Pollution and Health – Technical Advisory Group (GAPH- TAG)..
c Microsoft Corp, named Chief Executive Of icer, Satya Nadella as its new chairman. He took over as the software
giant's CEO in 2014, succeeding Steve Ballmer. He is credited with bringing new energy to the company, founded in 1975.
The company also appointed former chairman John Thompson as a lead independent director.
c The government of India has appointed a private person Aashish Chandorkar as Counsellor in India's Permanent
Mission in the World Trade Organisation for three years.. The WTO is a 164-member multi-lateral body, which deals with
global trade. India is a member since 1995.
c Former Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, Montek Singh Ahluwalia was named a member of a high-level
Advisory Group formed by the World Bank and IMF. The group will be jointly led by Mari Pangestu, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu
and Lord Nicholas Stern. The group was formed by the World Bank and IMF in the face of the dual crisis posed by the
Covid-19 pandemic and climate change.
c Arunachal Pradesh woman, Dr Tadang Minu, becomes the irst in the state and the second Indian woman in the
country to be appointed as a member of the Coaches Committee of the International Boxing Association (AIBA). She has
been appointed by AIBA for her enormous knowledge and experience in the ield of boxing.
c British lawyer Karim Khan was sworn as the new chief prosecutor for the International Criminal Court. He pledging to
reach out to nations that are not members of the court and to try to hold trials in countries where crimes are committed.
He has defended clients at international courts including former Liberian President Charles Taylor & Kenya's Deputy
President William Ruto.
c WWF India has inducted Upasana Kamineni, Director, Apollo Hospitals, as “Ambassador of Forest
Frontline Heroes” with the aim to appreciate the efforts of frontline workers in hospitals and in the wildlife protection
space. The focus of this will be on several States across the country covering most eco-regions.
c Dr Pratima Murthy, head of Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS),
Bengaluru has been appointed as Director of the Institute for a period of ive years. She will retire in March 2026. She was
awarded the WHO Regional Director's Special Recognition Award on 'World No Tobacco Day 2021'.
c OnePlus, the global technology brand welcomed cricketer Jasprit Bumrah as Brand Ambassador for its Wearables
category. The partnership with Bumrah reiterates the brand philosophy of 'Never Settle' and the company's pursuit
towards perfection.
c The incumbent Vigilance Commissioner, Suresh N Patel has been appointed as the acting Central Vigilance
Commissioner (CVC) of India in the Central Vigilance Commission with effect.
c The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of Praveen Sinha as the Special
Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Special Director is the second senior-most position in the agency
after the Director.
c Twitter has announced the appointment of California-based Jeremy Kessel as the new Grievance Of icer for India. Kessel
is the Global Legal Policy Director of Twitter. The appointment
c of Grievance Of icer by social media companies is mandated under the new Information Technology Rules, 2021.
c WhatsApp has appointed former Amazon executive Manesh Mahatme as a director to lead the growth of its payments
business in India.
c Justice (Retd.) Shambhu Nath Srivastava, a former judge of Allahabad High Court and former chief Lokayukta of
Chhattisgarh, has been appointed the chairman of the Indian Federation of United Nations Associations (IFUNA).
June
2021 Economy
ISSUES
EU's Generalised Scheme of Preferences

A resolution has been adopted by the European Parliament, urging the EU Commission to consider temporary withdrawal
of the GSP+ status given to Sri Lanka.
Key updates-
Sri Lanka regained the EU's 'Generalised Scheme of Preferences' in 2017 on its commitment to implement 27 international
conventions on human rights, labour conditions, protection of the environment and good governance.
The status effectively removes import duties on goods from Sri Lanka entering the EU.
EU parliament on June 10 adopted a resolution expressing deep concern over Sri Lanka's alarming path towards the
recurrence of grave human rights violations, aminly in reference to the use of the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA).
The resolution highlighted the “accelerating militarisation” of civilian government functions in Sri Lanka.
The resolution came ahead of a periodic review of the 'GSP +' concessions accorded to the country.
Generalized Scheme of Preferences (GSP)-
c The GSP was instituted in 1971 under the aegis of UNCTAD to create an enabling trading environment for developing
countries.
c The following 13 countries grant GSP preferences: Australia, Belarus, Canada, the European Union,Iceland, Japan,
Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Norway, the Russian Federation, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States of America.
c Following the WTO Hong Kong Ministerial Decision in 2005, improvements were made to various GSP schemes and new
schemes for LDCs were launched.
c The provision and utilization of trade preferences is a key goal of the Istanbul Program of Actions adopted at the UN LDC
IV in 2013, and further reaf irmed in SDGs Goal 17.
c The objective of UNCTAD's support on GSP and other preferential arrangements is to help developing countries,
particularly LDCs, to increase utilization of GSP and other trade preferences and in turn promote productive capacity
development and increased trade.
c The EU's GSP removes import duties from products coming into the EU market from vulnerable developing countries.
c This helps developing countries to alleviate poverty and create jobs based on international values and principles,
including labour and human rights.
c The EU offers 3 types of GSP:
Standard GSP: It is for low and lower-middle income countries. This means a partial or full removal of customs duties on
two thirds of tariff lines.
GSP+: the special incentive arrangement for sustainable development and good governance. It slashes these same tariffs
to 0% for vulnerable low and lower-middle income countries that implement 27 international conventions related to
human rights, labour rights, protection of the environment and good governance.
EBA (Everything But Arms): the special arrangement for least developed countries, providing them with dutyfree,
June
2021 Economy
ISSUES
quota-free access for all products except arms and ammunition. They are automatically granted the bene its of the EBA
even if they have another arrangement in place.
c Developing countries are automatically granted GSP if they:
c Are classi ied as having an income level below "upper middle income" by the World Bank.
c Do not bene it from another arrangement (like a Free Trade Agreement) granting them preferential access to the EU
market.
Hallmarking of gold
Recently, the Union government made hallmarking of gold mandatory.
c The government has announced the phased implementation of
mandatory hallmarking of gold jewellery with effect from June 16, 2021.
c According to BIS, hallmarking is the accurate determination and of icial
recording of the proportionate content of precious metal in precious
metal articles.
c Hence it is a guarantee of purity or ineness of precious metal articles.
c In the irst phase, gold hallmarking will be available only in 256 districts
of the country which have Assaying marking centres.
c Gold of Additional carats 20, 23 and 24 will also be allowed for
Hallmarking.
c However, jewellers can continue to buy back old gold jewellery without a hallmark from consumers.
c Old jewellery can be hallmarked as it is, if feasible by the jeweller or after melting and making new jewellery.
Few exemptions-
c Jewellers with annual turnover upto Rs. 40 lakh.
c Export and re-import of jewelry as per Trade Policy of Government of India.
c Jewellery for international exhibitions, jewellery for government approved B2B domestic exhibitions.
c Watches, fountain pens and special types of jewellery viz. Kundan, Polki and Jadau
Hallmarking scheme of BIS
c Under the Hallmarking scheme of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), jewellers are registered for selling hallmarked
jewellery and recognised testing and Hallmarking centres.
c BIS (Hallmarking) Regulations were implemented w.e.f. 14.06.2018.
c At present, only 30% of Indian Gold Jewellery is hallmarked.
c Hallmarking in India is available for jewellery of only two metals, gold and silver.
June
2021 Economy
ISSUES
Chennai- Kanyakumari Industrial corridor

In news- The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will be providing a $484
million loan (over Rs 3,500 crore) to improve transport connectivity
and facilitate industrial development in the Chennai-Kanyakumari
Industrial Corridor (CKIC) in Tamil Nadu.
About CKIC-
c The Chennai-Kanyakumari Industrial Corridor is part of India's East
Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC), which stretches from West Bengal
to Tamil Nadu and connects India to the production networks of
South,Southeast, and East Asia.
c The ADB is the lead partner of the Indian government in developing
the ECEC.The funding will be used for a project to upgrade about 590
kilometers of state highways in the CKIC in luence areas, covering 23
of the 32 districts between Chennai and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
c Six industrial nodes viz., Madurai–Dindigul-Virudhunagar-Theni,
T h o o t h u ku d i -T i r u n e lve l i , Ra m a n a t h a p u ra m , Cu d d a l o re -
Nagapattinam, Tiruchirappalli-Pudukkottai-Sivaganga and AriyalurPerambalur have been identi ied.
About Industrial corridors

c The Govt. of India is developing various Industrial Corridor Projects as part of National Industrial Corridor programme
which is aimed at development of futuristic industrial cities in India. 11 Industrial Corridors Projects are being taken up
for development in 4 phases up to 2024-25.
1. Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC);
2. Chennai Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC);
3. Amritsar Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC);
4. East Coast Industrial Corridor (ECIC);
5. Bengaluru Mumbai Industrial Corridor (BMIC);
6. Extension of CBIC to Kochi via Coimbatore;
7. Hyderabad Nagpur Industrial Corridor (HNIC);
8. Hyderabad Warangal Industrial Corridor (HWIC);
9. Hyderabad Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (HBIC);
June
2021 Economy
ISSUES
10. Odisha Economic Corridor (OEC);

11. Delhi Nagpur Industrial Corridor (DNIC);
Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) has been considered as the transportation backbone for the Delhi Mumbai
Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project while Eastern DFC has been considered as the backbone for Amritsar Kolkata Industrial
Corridor (AKIC) project. NH-4 has been considered as the backbone for projects like Chennai Bengaluru Industrial Corridor
(CBIC) and Bengaluru Mumbai Industrial Corridor (BMIC).For the East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC), NH-5 which is
part of the Golden Quadrilateral, the Kolkata–
Chennai rail route has been considered as the transport backbone. The proposed North- South East-West and East Coast
Dedicated Freight Corridors will further supplement the existing transportation backbone for the corresponding Industrial
Corridors.
6
CLAT 2020
34 RESULT
in Top AIR
100
Highest
Selections
No Misleading
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other Institute
Shailja Beria
Mentored by: CLAT Guru Rajneesh Singh Sir (Director, Academics LPT)
lawpreptutorial
June
2021 Economy
ISSUES
Snippets
c The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council has constituted a group of ministers (GoM) in order to decide on the rates
of COVID-19 relief material. Currently, 5% GST is levied on domestically manufactured vaccines, while it is 12% for
COVID drugs and oxygen concentrators.
c Alcohol-based sanitisers, hand wash, disinfectants and thermometers attract 18% GST. An eight member
ministerial panel under the Meghalaya chief minister Conrad K Sangma to consider Goods and Services Tax (GST)
exemptions on a range of Covid-19 essentials such as vaccines, drugs, testing kits and ventilators.
c According to Moody's Investors Service, India's economy will rebound in the current inancial year to mark a growth
of 9.3 per cent but the second Covid-19 wave has increased risks to the country's outlook with potential longer-term
credit implications. Moody's Investors Service has projected the GDP growth rate of the Indian economy as follows:
2021-22 (FY22): 9.3%; 2022-23 (FY23): 7.9%.
c SBI economists, in its research report “Ecowrap”, has sharply cut the GDP growth estimates for the Indian economy
to 7.9 per cent in FY22, compared to an earlier projection of 10.4 per cent. This is the lowest growth rate estimate for
India among all analysts.
c The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has cut India's growth projection to 9.9 %
for Financial Year 2022. In March, it estimated growth to 12.6%. The rate was cut witnessing covid cases lockdowns
which have threatened to stall the nascent economic recovery of India. As per OECD, “pandemic can be contained
quickly but GDP (gross domestic product) growth will still be about 10% in 2021-22 and 8% in 2022-23.
c The World Bank's Board of Executive Directors has approved a USD 500 million programs to support India's
nationwide initiative to revitalise the MSME sector, which has been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. The
MSME sector is the backbone of India's economy, contributing 30% of India's GDP and 4% of exports.
c The goods and service tax collections for May clocked Rs 1,02,709 crore, making it the eighth straight month of
collections crossing the Rs 1 lakh crore mark. The collections have been 65% higher than the GST revenues in the
same month,despite many states being under lockdown due to the Covid pandemic.
c The domestic credit rating agency Crisil has revised the GDP growth estimate for India in FY22 (2021-22) to 9.5
percent, from the earlier estimate of 11 percent. As per CRISIL, the economy had contracted by 7.3 percent in FY21.
The downward revision is basically due to the hit to private consumption and investments following the second
wave of COVID-19.
c The World Bank has projected India's economy to grow at 8.3 per cent in 2021 and 7.5 per cent in 2022. The
Washington-based global lender, in its latest issue of Global Economic Prospects released, noted that in India, an
enormous second COVID-19 wave is undermining the sharper-than-expected rebound in activity seen during the
second half of the Fiscal Year 2020/21,especially in services. The World Bank said,in 2023, India is expected to grow
by 6.5 per cent.
c The domestic credit rating agency ICRA has projected the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of India for the
inancial year 2021-22 to 8.5 per cent year-on-year. It expects the gross value added (GVA) at basic prices (at
constant 2011-12 prices) to grow at 7.3 per cent in FY2022. ICRA is Gurgaon based credit rating agency, owned by
Moody's Corporation.
June
2021 Economy
ISSUES
c India's retail in lation shot up to a six-month high of 6.3 per cent in May, after easing to a threemonth low of 4.23 per
cent in April. In lation,based on Consumer Price Index (CPI), has breached the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) target
range for the irst time after ive months. The RBI is mandated to maintain the crucial number at 4 per cent in the
medium term, with a 2 percentage point margin on either side as part of its in lation target.
c The wholesale price-based in lation accelerated to a record high of 12.94 per cent in May, on rising prices of crude oil
and manufactured goods. The low base effect also contributed to the spike in WPI in lation in May 2021. In May
2020, WPI in lation was at (-) 3.37 per cent. In April 2021, WPI in lation hit double-digit at 10.49 per cent. The
annual rate of in lation, based on monthly WPI, was 12.94 per cent for the month of May 2021 (over May 2020) as
compared to 3.37 per cent in May 2020.
c The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has estimated the gross domestic product (GDP) of India to grow at 9.5
per cent in the current inancial year, i.e. FY 2021-22. This will take the GDP to a level that is slightly higher than in
FY20.Rising medical expenditure has squeezed incomes and demand. But recovery is on the cards. Global growth
and macroeconomic stability will support trade and investment lows.
c The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) had recently extended the deadline to link Permanent Account Number
(PAN) with Aadhaar number to June 30, 2021, due to the dif iculties posed by the ongoing Covid pandemic. So now as
the deadline is fast approaching, here are some guidelines which must be kept in mind. As per the new Section 234H
of the Income-tax Act 1961, which has been recently introduced during Budget 2021, the PAN cards which are not
linked to Aadhaar after June 30, 2021, would be declared “inoperative”.
c Moody's Investors Service has slashed India's growth projection to 9.6 per cent for the 2021 calendar year, from its
earlier estimate of 13.9 per cent. For the calendar year 2022, GDP growth is projected at 7 per cent.
c S&P Global Ratings cut India's FY22 growth forecast for the current iscal to 9.5 per cent, from 11 per cent earlier, and
warned of the risk to the outlook from further waves of COVID pandemic. It also projected India's growth at 7.8 per
cent in the next iscal ending March 31, 2023.
c Notwithstanding incremental credit growth plunging to a 59-year low at 5.56 per cent in FY21, the bank credit-to-
GDP ratio rose to a ive year high of a little over 56 per cent in 2020,according to the latest data from the Bank for
International Settlements (BIS). At a 56.075 percent credit-to-GDP ratio, total outstanding bank credit stood at USD
1.52 trillion in the country in 2020.
c India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) has projected the GDP growth rate of India for iscal year FY22 (2021-22) at 9.6
per cent. Earlier this was estimated at 10.1 per cent by the rating agency. This rate is, however, contingent upon India
vaccinating its entire adult population by December 31, 2021.
c The Reserve Bank of India has imposed a ine of Rs 10 crore on HDFC Bank for de iciencies in regulatory compliance
found in the auto loan portfolio of the bank. As per the RBI, HDFC Bank has violated the provisions of section 6(2)
and section 8 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
c The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cancelled the licence of Pune-based Shivajirao Bhosale Sahakari Bank. The bank
ceases to carry on banking business, with effect from the close of business on May 31. The bank does not have
adequate capital and earning prospects. As such, it does not comply with the provision of the Banking Regulation
Act, 1949.
c The RBI has imposed a penalty aggregating to Rs 6 crores on Bank of India and Punjab National Bank for
June
2021 Economy
ISSUES
contravention of norms, including one related to “Frauds – Classi ication and Reporting”. A penalty of Rs 4 crores has
been imposed on the Bank of India and Rs 2 crores on Punjab National Bank.
c NITI Aayog has recommended divesting government stake in the Central Bank of India and Indian Overseas Bank
(IOB) as part of the privatisation initiative announced in the Union Budget. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, in
her Budget speech, had announced privatising two public sector banks (PSBs) and one general insurance company
in 2021-22. As per the new PSE (Public Sector Enterprise) policy for 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat', NITI Aayog is entrusted
with the task to suggest names of PSUs in strategic sectors to be merged, privatised, or made subsidiaries of other
PSUs.
c State Bank of India (SBI) has launched a collateral-free “Kavach Personal Loan” to enable its customers to meet
medical expenses of self and family members for Covid treatment. Under this scheme, customers can avail of loans
up to 5 lakhs at an effective interest rate of 8.5 per cent per annum for 60 months, which is inclusive of three months
moratorium.
c As per Reserve Bank of India's data, the foreign exchange reserves of India has crossed $600 billion marks for the
irst time. The Forex reserve of India increased by USD 6.842 billion to $605.008 billion in the week ended June 04,
2021. This is the lifetime high of India's foreign asset. With this, India has tied with Russia as the fourth largest
reserve holder in the world. The forex reserve of Russia is calculated to be $605.2 billion.
c According to RBI, The scope of the Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) will be expanded by August 31 this year by
adding 'mobile prepaid recharges as a biller category. BBPS is an interoperable platform for recurring bill payments
operated by the National Payments Corporation of India.
c The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has given “inprinciple” approval to Centrum Financial Services Ltd (CFSL) to set up
a small inance bank (SFB), which will take over the beleaguered Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank (PMC
Bank). It will get 120 days to commence operations. The amalgamation with PMC Bank is a separate process that
would involve noti ication of the scheme by the government.

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June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
Antarctic treaty turned 60 years old

Antarctic treaty 1959 celebrated its 60th anniversary recently
Antarctic treaty 1959-
c The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, are collectively known as
the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS).
c The treaty entered into force in 1961.
c The treaty sets aside Antarctica as a scienti ic preserve, establishes
freedom of scienti ic investigation, and bans military activity on the
continent.
c Negotiated during the middle of the Cold War by 12 countries with
Antarctic interests, it remains the only example of a single treaty that
governs a whole continent.
c The treaty is also the foundation of a rules-based international order for a continent without a permanent population.
c For the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is de ined as all of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude.
c It has 54 signatories.
c A protocol to the 1959 treaty was signed in 1991.
c The agreement banned mineral and oil exploration for 50 years and included regulations for the protection of the
Antarctic environment.
c India of icially acceded to the Antarctic Treaty System on 1 August 1983 with a consulting status.
c The treaty is short and contains only 14 articles, some of them are:
4th Tiger Reserve of Rajasthan

Recently, NTCA has given the nod to Ramgarh Vishdhari Sanctuary of
Rajasthan for the Tiger Reserve.
About Ramgarh Vishdhari Sanctuary/tiger reserve(in Bundi)-
c It is located 45 kilometres from Bundi on the Bundi-Nainwa road,
Rajasthan.
c In this sanctuary several species of poisonous snakes are found and hence
probably named Vishdhari.
c It will be the 4th Tiger reserve (TR) for the state and 52nd TR for the nation.
c Other tiger reserves of Rajasthan are Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (RTR) in
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
Sawai Madhopur, Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR) in Alwar, and Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve (MHTR) in Kota.
c The sanctuary acts as a cushion for the Ranthambore National Park.
c The sanctuary is spread over an area of 252 Sq. Km.
c The total area of 1,017 sq. km has been identi ied as the reserve area comprising two forest blocks of Bhilwara, territorial
forest block of Bundi and Indargarh, which falls under the buffer zone of Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (RTR).
c In 1982 the forest was declared as a Wildlife Sanctuary.
National Tiger Conservation Authority(NTCA)-
c The NTCA was created to strengthen tiger conservation in the nation.
c It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change constituted under enabling
provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006.
The objectives of NTCA are:
c Providing statutory authority to Project Tiger.
c Fostering accountability of Center-State in management of Tiger Reserves, by providing a basis for MoU with States
within our federal structure.
c Providing for oversight by Parliament.
c Addressing livelihood interests of local people in areas surrounding Tiger Reserve
Great Barrier Reef's heritage status

The World Heritage Committee under UNESCO has proposed to downgrade the status of Australia's Great Barrier Reef,
recommending it to be added to the list of World Heritage sites 'in danger'.
Reasons for downgrade-
Severe environmental degradation in the Barrier reef.
Mass coral bleaching events that drain corals of their bright colours and led to their population decline by half since 1995 as
ocean temperatures have climbed.
Impact
The recommendation could add one of Australia's most
prominent natural features to a list of 53 sites in the
endangered category.
Other sites which have been downgraded are:
The cities of Venice, Budapest and Liverpool, as well as the
Tanzania Game Reserve.
Determining the list of endangered heritage sites
The list of endangered heritage sites is designed to inform the
international community when the very factors that make a
site worthy of being deemed a World Heritage Site are at risk,
and to spur “corrective action”. One of the criteria for
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
determining whether a natural heritage site should be placed in the endangered category includes a “serious decline” in the
population of an endangered species that the site was meant to protect.
About the reef:
The Great Barrier Reef, located in the Coral Sea off Australia's East Coast, is the largest coral reef(coral reef ecosystem) in
the world.
It is stretching over 2,300km.
The reef has been designated a World Heritage site since 1981 for its “enormous scienti ic and intrinsic importance”.
The Reef has a global reputation for its turquoise waters, kaleidoscopic corals, abundant life and over 900 islands.
This includes the Whitsunday Islands, Lizard Island and Heron Island.
It can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms.
It contains the world's largest collection of coral reefs, with 400 types of coral, 1,500 species of ish and 4,000 types of
mollusc
World's 1st GM rubber

The world's irst genetically modi ied (GM) rubber plant was planted
on the outskirts of Guwahati, Assam.
About the tree-
It has been developed at the Kerala-based Rubber Research Institute
of India (RRII).
The GM rubber plant, the irst of its kind, is developed exclusively for
the northeast and is expected to thrive in the climatic conditions of the
region.
This is the irst time any GM crop is developed exclusively for this
region.
The plant has additional copies of the gene MnSOD (manganese containing superoxide dismutase) in it.
The MnSOD gene has the ability to protect plants from the adverse effects of severe environmental stresses such as cold,
drought, etc...and low and high temperatures as well as high light intensity.
The new crop is expected to cut short the maturity period of rubber, indicating chances for early yielding as well.
As natural rubber is a native of warm humid Amazon forests and is not naturally suited for cold conditions in the northeast,
the plant is expected to tide over severe cold conditions during winters.
Commercial planting would be taken up later, depending on the results of the experiments conducted at the farm.
As there are no plant species in India that can breed with natural rubber, there is no risk of genes lowing from the GM
rubber into any other native species.
Though different from Bacillus Thuringiensis (BT), GM Rubber is the second genetically modi ied crop to start ield trials in
India after Bt. Cotton.
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
Rubber-
Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene,
with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.
Currently, rubber is harvested mainly in the form of the latex from the rubber tree which is a sticky,milky and white colloid
drawn off by making incisions in the bark
The latex then is re ined into rubber that is ready for commercial processing.
Rubber has a large stretch ratio and high resilience, and also is water-proof.
India is the third largest natural rubber producing country of the world, next to Thailand and Indonesia,producing about 9
per cent of the global output.
In India almost the entire rubber is produced in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
Land for life award, 2021

Shyam Sundar Jyani, a Rajasthan-based climate
activist, has won the prestigious United Nations'
Land for Life Award for his environment
conservation concept, Familial Forestry.
Key updates-
The announcement was made by the UN
Convention to Combat Deserti ication (UNCCD).
The unique concept of familial forestry relates a tree with a family, making it a green "family member."
It involves transferring the care of the tree and environment in the family so that a tree becomes a part of the family's
consciousness.

June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
More than a million families from more than 15,000 villages of desert-prone northwest Rajasthan in over 2.5 million
saplings have been planted in the past 15 years, with active participation of students and desert dwellers.
Jyani was chosen by the UNCCD among 12 shortlisted candidates across the globe.
He is an associate professor of Sociology in Rajasthan's Bikaner, has been campaigning for Familial Forestry for over 15
years.
Two candidates had been shortlisted from India - the other being Jaggi Vasudev, popularly known as Sadguru, who has
been campaigning for environmental causes for several years.
About the Award-
The award was launched at the UNCCD COP (Conference of Parties) 10 in 2011.
It is considered as the world's highest reward regarding land conservation and restoration.
The Award will recognize innovative and excellent efforts in land restoration and conservation, particularly in regards to
the SDG 15 “Life on Land” and the Target 15.3 “Land Degradation Neutrality”.
The winner will receive an individually tailored UNCCD secretariat support package for the duration of two years.
This year's theme for the award was "Healthy Land, Healthy Lives".
The Award ceremony will take place in August 2021 at the Eighth Kubuqi International Desert Forum in China.
WHO report on e-waste

The recently published WHO report titled 'Children
and Digital Dumpsites' underlined the risk children
working in the informal processing faced due to
discarded electronic devices or e-waste.
Key highlights of the report-
According to the report, more than 18 million children,
adolescents and 12 million women working at e-waste
dumpsites in low- and middle-income countries are
potentially at the risk of severe health hazards.
This e-waste is dismantled and recycled by children.
It contains over 1,000 precious metals and other substances like gold, copper, mercury and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons.
The processing is done in low-income countries, which do not have proper safeguarding regulation and which makes the
process even more dangerous.
Children are given preference because of their small and dexterous hands.
About 53.6 million tonnes of e-waste was generated in 2019.
Only 17.4 percent of this e-waste was processed in formal recycling facilities.
The rest of it was dumped in low- or middle-income countries for illegal processing by informal workers.
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
Processing e-waste exposes women as well as their children to these toxins, which can lead to premature births and
stillbirth.
The hazardous impact of working at such sites is also experienced by families and communities that reside in the vicinity of
these e-waste dumpsites.
Children working at these 'digital dumpsites' are more prone to improper lung function, deoxyribonucleic acid damage and
increased risk of chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease
E-waste status in India
E-waste typically includes discarded electronic devices such as computers, televisions, mobile phones, tablets and other
video and voice recorders, as well as electrical appliances, both heavy and light. About 95 per cent of India's e-waste is
recycled in the informal sector and in a crude manner. India's 1st e-waste clinic was opened in Bhopal,Madhya pradesh.
E-waste management rules- 2016-
1. Manufacturer, dealer, refurbisher and Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO) have been introduced as additional
stakeholders in the rules.
2. The applicability of the rules has been extended to components, consumables, spares and parts of EEE in addition to
equipment.
3. Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury containing lamps brought under the purview of rules.
4. Collection mechanism based approach has been adopted to include collection centre, collection point, take back system
etc for collection of e - waste by Producers under Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).
5. Option has been given for setting up of PRO , e - waste exchange , e - retailer, Deposit Refund Scheme as additional
channels for implementation of EPR by Producers to ensure ef icient channelization of e - waste.
6. Provision for Pan India EPR Authorization by CPCB has been introduced replacing the state wise EPR authorization.
7. Deposit Refund Scheme has been introduced as an additional economic instrument wherein the producer charges an
additional amount as a deposit at the time of sale of the electrical and electronic equipment and
returns it to the consumer along with interest when the end - of - life electrical and electronic equipment is returned.
8. The manufacturer is also now responsible to collect e - wastes generated during the manufacture of any electrical and
electronic equipment and channelises it for recycling or disposal and seek authorization from
SPCB.
9. Dealer or retailer or e - retailer shall refund the amount as per take back system or Deposit Refund Scheme of the
producer to the depositor of e - waste.
10. Refurbishers need to collect e - waste generated during the process of refurbishing and channelises the waste to
authorised dismantler or recycler through its collection centre.
11. The roles of the State Government have also been introduced in the Rules in order to ensure safety, health and skill
development of the workers involved in the dismantling and recycling operations.
12. Department of Industry in State or any other government agency authorised in this regard by the State Government is to
ensure earmarking or allocation of industrial space or shed for e - waste dismantling and
recycling in the existing and upcoming industrial park, estate and industrial clusters.
13. Liability for damages caused to the environment or third party due to improper management of e – waste including
provision for levying inancial penalty for violation of provisions of the Rules has also been introduced.
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
14 Urban Local Bodies (Municipal Committee/Council/Corporation) have been assigned the duty to collect and
channelize the orphan products to authorized dismantlers or recyclers.
E-waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2018-
The e-waste collection targets under EPR have been revised and will be applicable from 1 October 2017.
Separate e-waste collection targets have been drafted for new producers, i.e. those producers whose number of years of
sales operation is less than the average lives of their products. .
Producer Responsibility Organizations (PROs) shall apply to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for registration to
undertake activities prescribed in the Rules.
Under the Reduction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) provisions, cost for sampling and testing shall be borne by the
government for conducting the RoHS test.
Protection of heritage trees in Maharashtra

The Maharashtra government is set to make amendments to the
Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Protection and Preservation of Trees Act of
1975, to introduce provisions for the protection of 'heritage trees'.
Under the proposed amendment, a tree with an estimated age of 50 years
or more shall be de ined as a heritage tree.
It may belong to speci ic species, which will be noti ied from time to time.
Experts believe that in addition to the age, the Maharashtra state climate
change department will be implementing the Tree Act.
Maharashtra Tree Authority in local civic bodies and councils will be
formed which will take all decisions regarding the protection of trees.
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June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
The local Tree Authority will have to ensure tree census to be carried out every ive years along with counting of heritage
trees.
A proposal to cut more than 200 trees of age 5 years or more, will be referred to the state tree authority.
The tree's age will determine the number of trees to be planted as part of the compensatory plantation- as per the
amendment, the number of trees planted will be equal to the age of the heritage tree that is cut.
The organization planting the compensation trees will also have to ensure the survival of the plantation for seven years and
geo-tag the trees.
Such plantations can be carried out either in the same plot or a common amenity plot.
In case compensatory plantation is not possible, the tree feller has to pay compensation for the economic valuation of the
trees being felled (the amount of oxygen that a tree releases into the environment should determine its economic value).
The ine for illegal felling of trees from a maximum of Rs 5,000 to Rs 1 lakh per tree.
Two new national parks in Assam

Assam has got its 6th and 7th National parks- Dehing Patkai wildlife
sanctuary and Raimona reserve forest.
About the new parks-
Assam till now had ive national parks -- Kaziranga, Nameri, Orang,
Manas and Dibru-Saikhowa.
The new National parks would help promote conservation efforts
and aid tourism and agriculture sectors as well.
Assam now is the state with the third highest number of national
parks (7) in the country, after Madhya Pradesh's 11 and Andaman and
Nicobar's 9.
The Dehing Patkai wildlife sanctuary (noti ied in 2004) is located inside the larger Dehing Patkai Elephant Reserve, which
spreads across Dibrugarh, Tinsukia and Sivasagar districts of Upper Assam.
The Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary is also known as the Jeypore Rainforest.
It is named after Dehing river that lows through this forest and Patkai is the hill at the foot of which the sanctuary lies.
It is believed to be the last remaining contiguous patch of lowland rainforest area in Assam.
It is said to have the highest concentration of the rare endangered White Winged Wood Duck.
It is the only sanctuary in India which is home to seven different species of wild cats - tiger, leopard,clouded leopard,
leopard cat, golden cat, jungle cat and marbled cat.
Assamese macaque, Malayan giant squirrels are found in the forest.
The decision to upgrade it to a national park was announced by the Assam government in July 2020, just months after the
illegal coal mining controversy in the park.
The Raimona national park is within the Bodoland Territorial Region.
It is bounded on the west by the Sonkosh river and the Saralbhanga river on the east, both being the tributaries of
Brahmaputra and Pekua river de ines the southern boundary.
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
It is famous for Golden Langur, an endemic species which has been named as the mascot of Bodoland region.
It is also home to the elephants, tiger, clouded leopard, several species of orchids.
It is surrounded by the Phipsoo Wildlife Sanctuary in Bhutan to its north, the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal to its west
and the Manas National Park to its east.
Sea Snot in Turkey

Recently, Turkey has launched a campaign to clean up sea snot in the Sea of
Marmara.
What is sea snot?
'Sea snot' is marine mucilage that is formed when algae are overloaded with
nutrients as a result of water pollution combined with the effects of climate
change.
Phytoplankton thrive in warmer and nutrient-rich waters, and then discharge
the snotty substance.
The thick slimy layer of organic matter, which looks like a viscous, brown and
foamy substance, has now spread through the sea south of Istanbul and also blanketed harbours and shorelines.
Dumping of sewage in the sea along with rising temperatures is causing the crisis.
The current outbreak in the Sea of Marmara is by far the biggest in the country's history.
A 'sea snot' outbreak was irst recorded in the country in 2007.
Back then, it was also spotted in the Aegean Sea near Greece.
Impact of the Sea Snot-
It has caused mass deaths among the ish population, and also killed other aquatic organisms such as corals and sponges.
The sludge is getting collected in ishermen nets, making them so heavy that they break or get lost.
Moreover, the mucilage coating the strings makes the nets visible to ish and keep them away.
Experts have warned that the 'sea snot' can cause an outbreak of water-borne diseases such as cholera in cities.
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
SDG India index 2020-21

The third edition of the SDG India Index and Dashboard 2020–21
was released by NITI Aayog recently.
About the index-
The report is titled, 'SDG India Index and Dashboard 2020–21:
Partnerships in the Decade of Action'.
It is designed and developed by NITI Aayog with extensive
consultations with the primary stakeholders --the States and
Union Territories, UN agencies led by United Nations in India,
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
and the key Union Ministries.
13 Goals with 62 indicators were covered in its irst edition in
2018, whereas the third edition covers 16 Goals on 115 quantitative indicators that are aligned to MoSPI's National
Indicator Framework (NIF) with a qualitative assessment on Goal 17. The SDG India Index computes goal-wise scores on
the 16 SDGs for each State and Union Territory.
These scores range between 0–100, and if a State/UT achieves a score of 100, it signi ies it has achieved the 2030 targets.
The higher the score of a State/UT, the greater the distance to target achieved.
States and Union Territories are classi ied as below based on their SDG India Index score:
Aspirant: 0–49
Performer: 50–64
Front-Runner: 65–99
Achiever: 100
In 2020-21, the country's overall SDG score improved by 6 points, from 60 in 2019 to 66 in 2020–21.
This positive stride is largely driven by exemplary country-wide performance in Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and
Goal 7(Affordable and Clean Energy), where the composite Goal scores are 83 and 92,respectively
While in 2019, ten States/UTs belonged to the category of Front-Runners (score in the range 65–99,including both) twelve
more States/UTs found themselves in this category in 2020–21.
Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Punjab, Haryana, Tripura, Delhi, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh graduated to the category of Front-Runners (scores between 65 and 99, including
both).
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
Global Nitrogen conference

Eighth triennial conference of the International
Nitrogen Initiative (INI) being held virtually from May
31-June 3, 2021.
Key updates-
The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) are the main focus of the eighth triennial
conference.
Place of the conference: Berlin, Germany
The triennial event brought together scientists from around the world dealing with reactive nitrogen compounds in
agriculture, industry, traf ic, soil, water and air.
For the irst time since the inception of INI, its conference was hosted by Germany's Federal Environment Agency
(Umweltbundesamt–UBA).
It is co-organized by the International Nitrogen Initiative.
The conference was also addressed by speakers from the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), UN Food and Agriculture
Organisation (FAO) and UN Economic Commission on Europe, among others.
The International Nitrogen Initiative (INI)-
It is an international program, set up in 2003 under sponsorship of the Scienti ic Committee on Problems of the
Environment (SCOPE) and from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP).
The INI holds a conference every three years, inviting members of the international nitrogen community to meet up and
discuss ideas and exchange knowledge on nitrogen issues.
The last INI conference was held in Melbourne, in December 2016.
A key output of the conference was The Melbourne Declaration.
The key aims of the INI are to:
Optimize nitrogen's bene icial role in sustainable food production, and
Minimize nitrogen's negative effects on human health and the environment resulting from food and energy production.
State of Finance for Nature report

- The State of Finance for Nature report was jointly released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the
World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Economics of Land Degradation.
Highlights of the report-
Nature-based solutions (NbS) refer to sustainable management and use of nature to tackle socioenvironmental challenges,
which range from disaster risk reduction, climate change and biodiversity loss to food and water security as well as human
health.
Agriculture, food and beverages and construction are the largest sectors that are dependent on nature.
Out of $133 billion investment that currently lows into NbS annually (using 2020 as base year), public funds make up 86
June
2021 Environment
ISSUES
percent and private inance 14 percent of these investments.

These comprise about 0.10 per cent of global GDP.
Public sector spending for the same is dominated by the United States and China, followed by Japan, Germany and Australia.
NbS inance is much smaller in scale than climate inance.
Annual investments in NbS will have to be tripled by 2030 and increase four-fold by 2050 from the current level of
investments.
By 2050, total investment of natural needs will amount to $8.1 trillion, while annual investment should reach $536 billion
annually by 2050.
Forest-based solutions alone would amount to $203 billion per year.
The report did not cover all types of NbS, notably those in the marine environment were excluded.
However, it called for a comprehensive system and framework for labelling, tracking, reporting and verifying the state of
inance for NbS.
2021
200+
June
2021 Awards &Prizes
· World Health Organisation (WHO) has awarded Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan with `WHO Director-
General Special Recognition Award` for his accomplishments in the area of tobacco control. Every year, WHO
recognises individuals or organisations in each of the six WHO Regions for their accomplishments in the area of
tobacco control.
· Utah Jazz guard Jordan Clarkson has won the 2020-21 Kia NBA Sixth Man Award for his contributions in a
reserve role. This is the irst Sixth Man honour for Clarkson, who becomes the irst player to win the annual award
with the Jazz.
· Nitin Rakesh and Jerry Wind won the International Business Book of the Year Award 2021. The authors made
history this week by winning the prestigious International Business Book of the Year Award for 2021 for their
recently launched book "Transformation in Times of Crisis", published by Notion Press.
· David Diop has become the irst French novelist to win the International Booker prize for translated iction with At
Night All Blood Is Black, his irst novel translated into English. Diop, the author of two novels, and his translator Anna
Moschovakis split the £50,000 annual prize, which goes to the best author and translator of a work translated into
English.
· Kerala-based Thomas Vijayan, who is now settled in Canada, has won the 2021 Nature TTL Photography Awards for
his photo of an Orangutan clinging to a tree. The photograph is titled 'The World is Going Upside Down'.
· Arunachal Pradesh's Water Burial has bagged the best ilm National Award on environment conservation at 67th
National Films Awards 2021. The ilm, which is directed by independent ilmmaker Shantanu Sen.Water Burial is
produced by AM Television.
· Tsitsi Dangarembga, the Booker-shortlisted Zimbabwean writer who was arrested last year in Harare while
protesting against corruption, has been awarded the PEN Pinter prize, praised for her “ability to capture and
communicate vital truths even amidst times of upheaval”. Dangarembga was also shortlisted for the 2020 Booker
Prize for her work, This Mournable Body.
· Indian actress Tillotama Shome has made the country proud by winning the Best Actor award at the 2021 UK
Asian Film Festival (UKAFF). Tillotama won the award for her role in the ilm Raahgir: The Wayfarers. The ilm
has been directed by Goutam Ghose. The UK Asian Film Festival (UKAFF) 2021 was the 23rd edition of the annual
event. Apart from Tillotama, ilmmaker Goutam Ghose has also won the Best Director award at the UKAFF.
· The Managing Director of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (Amul), R.S. Sodhi, was conferred with the
regional award as Asia Paci ic Productivity Champion from Asian Productivity Organization (APO), Tokyo, Japan in
recognition of enhanced productivity and ef icient milk supply chain. He is the irst Indian to have received the
prestigious award, in the last 20 years.
· DBS Bank has been named by Forbes in their list of World's Best Banks 2021. DBS was ranked #1 out of 30 domestic
and international banks in India for the second consecutive year. This is the third edition of the 'World's Best Banks'
list by Forbes, conducted in partnership with market research irm Statista.
· Shailesh Govind Ganpule, an assistant professor at the mechanical and industrial engineering department (MIED),
was conferred the award with the 'NSG Counter-IED and Counter-Terrorism Innovator Award 2021 for developing
a “blast- resistant” helmet. This was the second edition of the annual award by NSG. Ceremony held at the National
June
2021 Awards &Prizes
Security Guard (NSG) campus in Maneswar, near Gurgaon.
· The 2021 Land for Life Award has been won by Familial Forestry of Rajasthan, a unique concept that relates a tree
with a family, making it a green “family member.” The UN Convention to Combat Deserti ication (UNCCD) organises
the Land for Life Award every two years to recognize excellence and innovation in efforts towards land in balance.
· Larsen & Toubro Infotech, a global technology consulting and digital solutions company has been recognized as the
Global Innovation Partner of the Year by Snow lake, the Data Cloud Company. LTI received this prestigious
recognition during Snow lake Virtual Partner Summit.
· Indian-American chemist Sumita Mitra has been honoured with the European Inventor Award 2021 in the 'Non-
European Patent Of ice countries' category. She was the irst to have successfully integrated nanotechnology into
dental materials to produce stronger and more aesthetically pleasing illings.
· The Central European University (CEU) Open Society Prize for 2021 has been awarded to KK Shailaja, the former
Health Minister of Kerala. The award was presented to her in recognition of “her determined leadership and
community-based public health work, saving lives during the pandemic”. She demonstrates to the world that
determined leadership, community-based public health and effective communication can save lives.
· For the irst time, NTPC won recognition as India's Best Employers among Nation-Builders 2021. It has been
recognized as the 'Great Place to Work' for the 15th straight year by the Great Places to Work Institute. It has
been ranked at 38th. It was ranked 47 last year.
· Cochin International Airport (CIAL) won Airport Council International (ACI) Director General's Roll of Excellence
honour in Airport Service Quality. This recognition is awarded to those airports which, in the opinion of passengers,
consistently delivered excellent services.
· French author Emmanuel Carrere, popular for his non- iction books in a high literary vein, has been granted this
year's Spanish Princess of Asturias Literature Award.
· Engineers India Limited (EIL) Chairman & Managing Director (CMD), RK Sabharwal has been honoured with the
highest civilian award of Mongolia 'The Order of Polar Star by his excellency. The President of Mongolia recognises
the outstanding contribution made by him towards the establishment of the irst-ever oil re inery in Mongolia.
· Journalist Palagummi Sainath has been awarded the Fukuoka Grand Prize for 2021. He is a committed journalist
who has continued to investigate impoverished farming villages in India and captured the reality of the lifestyle of
the residents in such areas. Besides the Grand Prize, there are two more award categories, academics and culture.
The Academics Prize was given to Professor Kishimoto Mio, a historian from Japan who specialises in the socio-
economic history of China in the Ming-Qing period. Thailand-based writer and ilmmaker Prabda Yoon received the
Arts and Culture Award.
June
2021 Science &
Technology
Natural Indigo dye

Scientists have found that the natural indigo dye extracted from leaves of a plant of
the bean family is capable of protecting human eyes from harmful laser radiation.
About the dye-
The blue dye is extracted from Indigofera Tinctoria or the famed Indigo plants that
has been used over the years to colour clothes and clothing materials.
Researchers from the Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru, and Kensri
School and College,Bengaluru, studied the optical properties of the natural Indigo
dye and found that it can act as a device to protect human eyes from harmful laser
radiation.
The study is funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of
India and was published in the journal 'Optical Materials'.
The researchers extracted the dye and stored it in a refrigerator below 4º Celsius to preserve its natural properties.
Their study on how much it absorbed light at different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum showed that the
absorption is maximum in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum.
The absorption is comparatively high for the green light as well.
The absorption's variation with wavelength indicated that chlorophyll, an organic compound that takes part in
photosynthesis, is present in the dye.
The team found that when the intensity of the laser pulse is increased, the dye absorbs more light.
Thus it is more opaque to higher intensity light and is referred to as an 'optical limiter'.
Optical limiters are useful in weakening the potentially harmful radiation emitted by powerful lasers and protecting both
eyes and sensitive optical instruments
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June
2021 Science & Technology
Nano Liquid Urea

Recently, the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) launched the
Nano Urea Liquid, a nutrient to provide nitrogen to plants as an alternative to the
conventional urea.
About IFFCO Nano Urea-
According to IFFCO it is the World's 1st Nano Urea Liquid.
IFFCO will start the production of Nano Urea Liquid by June 2021 and commercial
rollout will start sooner.
It has been developed to replace conventional urea and it can curtail the requirement
of the same by at least 50%.
Nano Urea contains 40,000 ppm of nitrogen in a 500 ml bottle which is equivalent to
the impact of nitrogen nutrient provided by one bag of conventional urea.
IFFCO has priced Nano Urea at Rs 240 per 500 ml bottle for the farmers, which is 10%
cheaper than the cost of a bag of conventional Urea.
Conventional urea is effective 30-40 per cent in delivering nitrogen to plants, while the effectiveness of the Nano Urea
Liquid is over 80 per cent.
It will be primarily available to farmers through its cooperative sales and marketing channel apart from its sale on IFFCO's
e-commerce platform.
It increases the production with improved nutritional quality and also gives a huge positive impact on the quality of
underground water
Vajra Kavach disinfection system

In news- disinfection system, called Vajra Kavach, is developed by Mumbai-based startup Indra Water.
About the system-
It removes any possible traces of the disease-causing SARS-Cov-2 virus from Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), N95
masks, coats, gloves and gowns.
It enables reuse of PPEs and other materials used by healthcare workers.
It helps to reduce biomedical waste generation.
The disinfection is done in just a few minutes.
The system is able to achieve a 1,00,000-fold reduction in the number of microorganisms.
In scienti ic terms, tests showed 5 log (99.999%) reduction of viruses and bacteria.
It was tested with Escherichia virus MS2 (a single-stranded RNA virus and surrogate of human respiratory viruses such as
in luenza virus and coronavirus) and E.coli strain C3000.
'Log reduction' is a term used to signify the relative number of living microbes that are eliminated after a process such as
disinfection.
The validation and testing of the system was done by the Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering at IIT Bombay.
June
Indra Water was set up with the Department of Science & Technology (DST)'s NIDHI-PRAYAS grant (through Society for
Innovation and Entrepreneurship, IIT Bombay) for coming up with innovations in the water sector.
Indra Water is one among the 51 startups which were funded and supported under Centre for Augmenting WAR with
COVID-19 Health Crisis (CAWACH), an initiative by National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board
(NSTEDB), DST.
About NIDHI-PRAYAS-
An early stage prototype/ proof of concept (PoC) fund is needed to be effectively able to convert technology ideas and
innovations into products, and eventually to spur entrepreneurship.
DST-NIDHI's PRomoting and Accelerating Young and ASpiring technology entrepreneurs (PRAYAS) is speci ically to
support young innovators turn their ideas into PoC.
It is a pre-incubation initiative that would be implemented through a Program Management Unit (PMU) and the incubators
selected for implementing the PRAYAS program will be the PRAYAS Centres (PCs).
Objectives-
To enable translation of an innovative idea to a prototype.
To provide a platform for faster experimentation and modify approaches in the idea to market journey.
To indigenously generate innovative solutions relevant to the local and global problems.
To attract a large number of youth who demonstrates problem solving zeal and abilities
To work on their new technology/knowledge/innovation based startups.
To enhance the pipeline in terms of quality and quantity of innovative startups to the incubators.
To build a vibrant innovation
ecosystem, by establishing a network between innovators, academia, mentors and incubators.
New missions to Venus

NASA recently announced two missions to Venus, as part of its 'Discovery Program' that aims to explore and study the solar
system.
About the two new missions-
The VERITAS (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR,
Topography, and Spectroscopy) mission will map the
surface of the planet in 3D and study its geology.
It will also study infrared emissions from the surface to map
various kinds of rocks.
It hunts for volcanic activity and tries to ind out if any active
volcanoes are releasing water vapour into the atmosphere,
sustaining its greenhouse effect.
The DAVINCI+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of
Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging) will study the dense
atmosphere of Venus to understand the trigger and
June
evolution of the runaway greenhouse effect active on the planet.
The mission will also try to determine if the planet held an ocean of liquid water in the past.
The mission will return the irst high-resolution images of unique surface features known as “tesserae” on Venus, which are
akin to the continents on Earth, and suggest the existence of plate tectonics.
The mission's accompanying Plus probe will drop into the atmosphere, making measurements of noble gas composition in
the layers.
The “ultra-precise” Deep Space Atomic Clock-2 will be tested on VERITAS while the Compact Ultraviolet to Visible Imaging
Spectrometer (CUVIS) will ly with DAVINCI+ to make high-resolution UV measurements.
The missions are funded for $500 million each and are expected to launch somewhere around 2028-2030.
About Venus-
Venus is often called Earth's twin because of similar mass, size, gravity, surface composition and complex atmospheric
processes.
For those on Earth, Venus is the second-brightest object in the sky after the moon.
It appears bright because of its thick cloud cover that re lects and scatters light.
The planet's thick atmosphere traps heat and is the reason that it is the hottest planet in the solar system with a surface
temperature of 500C- high enough to melt lead.
Venus moves forward on its orbit around the Sun but spins backwards around its axis slowly, which means on Venus the Sun
rises in the west and sets in the East.
One day on Venus is equivalent to 243 Earth days because of its backward spinning.
Venus does not have any moons, a distinction it shares only with Mercury among the planets in the Solar System.
It is also known as the "morning star" and "evening star".
Venus orbiters include-
Mariner 2 (1962),
Soviet Venera (1967) (( irst successful probe to enter and return data from another planet)),
Venera 7 lander (1970), the irst craft to successfully land on another planet,
Venera 8 (1974),
Venera 9 & Venera 10 (1975),
Pioneer Venus (1978), the irst orbiter around Venus and carried the irst radar to observe another planet,
The most recent observations of Venus are from the Galileo spacecraft, which lew past Venus in February 1990 on its
roundabout journey to Jupiter.
On November 9th of 2005, the European Space Agency's Venus Express mission was launched on a Russian rocket, with
support from NASA.
The Cassini Orbiter, which orbited Saturn until September 2017, also observed Venus brie ly and sent home some useful
data.
As of now, Japan's Akatsuki mission is studying the planet from Orbit.
June
About Shukrayaan-
Shukrayaan-1 is a proposed orbiter to Venus by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to study the surface and
atmosphere of Venus.
The mission concept to Venus was irst presented at a Tirupati space meet in 2012.
From 2016 to 2017, ISRO collaborated with JAXA to study the Venus atmosphere using signals from the Akatsuki in a radio
occultation experiment.
The three broad research areas of interest for this mission include surface/subsurface stratigraphy and resurfacing
processes; study of atmospheric chemistry, dynamics and compositional variations; study of solar irradiance and solar
wind interaction with Venus ionosphere.
ISRO and France (CNES) are holding discussions to collaborate on this mission and jointly develop autonomous navigation
and aerobraking technologies.
The science payload would have a mass of 100 kg and would consist of instruments from India and other countries.
Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST)

China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), an advanced nuclear fusion experimental research
device, set a new record after it ran at 216 million degrees Fahrenheit (120 million degrees Celsius) for 101 seconds.
About China's 'arti icial sun' EAST-
For another 20 seconds, the “arti icial sun” also achieved a peak temperature of 288 million degrees Fahrenheit (160
million degrees Celsius) for another 20 seconds.
The sun's core only reaches about 15 million degrees Celsius, which means the reactor was able to touch temperatures that
are 10 times hotter than that.
The reactor is located at the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) in Hefei, China.
Its purpose is to replicate the process of nuclear fusion, which is the same reaction that powers the sun.
It is one of three major domestic tokamaks that are presently being operated across the country, the other two China is
currently operating are the HL-2A reactor as well as J-TEXT.
EAST irst became operational in 2006.
It is part of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) facility, which will become the world's largest
nuclear fusion reactor when it becomes operational in 2035.
The project includes the contributions of several countries, including India, South Korea, Japan, Russia and the United
States.
The next goal for the scientists behind the experimental reactor is to maintain the high temperature for a long period of
time.
China is not the only country that has achieved high plasma temperatures as, in 2020,
South Korea's KSTAR
reactor set a new record by maintaining a plasma temperature of over 100 million degrees Celsius for 20 seconds.
About KSTAR-
The KSTAR (or Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) is a magnetic fusion device at the Korea Institute of
June
Fusion Energy in Daejeon, South Korea.
It is intended to study aspects of magnetic fusion energy which will be pertinent to the ITER fusion project.
The project was approved in 1995 but construction was delayed by the East Asian inancial crisis.
The construction phase of the project was completed on September 14, 2007.
The irst plasma was achieved in June 2008.
Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM)

India and the UK have launched a new
workstream to promote industrial energy
ef iciency, under the Clean Energy Ministerial's
(CEM) Industrial Deep Decarbonization
Initiative (IDDI) in the backdrop of 12th CEM
organised virtually by Chile with coordination
by the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO).
More information-
The IDDI initiative has been supported by Germany and Canada, with more countries expected to join soon.
India and the UK recently had agreed on a joint roadmap for climate action by 2030 in a virtual meeting of Indian Prime
Minister Narendra and his UK counterpart.
The objective of the new collaboration is to infuse green technologies and stimulate demand for lowcarbon industrial
material.
The partnership includes new collaboration on clean energy transition and protecting forests and joint leadership to
develop resilient infrastructure in climate vulnerable countries.
As India is committed to cutting emissions intensity per unit of GDP by 33-35 per cent by 2030, effective deployment of low
carbon technologies in energy-intensive sectors like iron and steel, cement and petrochemicals is the need of the hour.
About CEM-
The Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) is a high-level global forum to promote policies and programs that advance clean
energy technology, to share lessons learned and best practices, and to encourage the transition to a global clean energy
economy.
Initiatives are based on areas of common interest among participating governments and other stakeholders.
The current 26 members account for 90% of the world's clean power and 80% of global clean energy investment.
At the UNFCCC meet in Copenhagen in December 2009, the U.S. announced that it would host the irst Clean Energy
Ministerial.
The theme of CEM12 was “Ambition into Action-- Turning a Year of Ambition into a Decade of Delivery''.
The CEM is focused on three global climate and energy policy goals:
* Improve energy ef iciency worldwide
* Enhance clean energy supply
* Expand clean energy acces
June
Snippets
· Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) will bring universities, businesses, startups and government together at its
latest innovation hub in Amsterdam to help use digital technology to solve sustainability challenges. It will
focus on sustainability challenges faced by organisations and becomes the irst in a network of hubs, known as TCS
Pace Ports, in Europe.
· IIT Guwahati researchers have developed a “Smart Window” material that can effectively control the
amount of heat and light passing through it in response to an applied voltage. This material can help in developing
automatic climate control systems in buildings. Such materials can help develop ef icient automatic climate
control systems in buildings, the scientists claimed. This study was recently published in the journal- 'Solar Energy
Materials & Solar Cells.
· Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar) in Punjab has developed a irst-of-its-kind IoT device, “AmbiTag”
that records real-time ambient temperature during the transportation of perishable products, vaccines and even
body organs and blood.
· A new AI-driven platform called 'XraySetu' has been developed to help in the early detection of COVID 19, with
the help of Chest X-ray. The solution will be bene icial for early detection especially in rural areas, where RT-PCR
tests and CT-Scans are not easily available. XraySetu will operate through WhatsApp. It will identify COVID positive
patients even from low-resolution Chest X- Ray images sent over Whatsapp-based Chatbot.
· Indian Institute of Technology Madras' Centre for Memory Studies recently hosted virtually Asia's irst
International Memory Studies Workshop. Indian Network for Memory Studies (INMS), the irst national network
in the ield in Asia under the aegis of the International Memory Studies Association, Amsterdam.
· European Space Agency (ESA), is now developing its own probe to study Venus, for holistic view of planet from its
inner core to upper atmosphere. The mission dubbed as “EnVision” will probably be launched to the planet in early
2030.
· The Indian Institute of Technology, (IIT) Ropar has developed a device dubbed 'Jivan Vayu' which can be used
as a substitute for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine. Jivan Vayu can deliver high low
oxygen up to 60 Litres Per Minute (LPM).
· The European Space Agency (ESA) has planned to launch the world's irst wooden satellite. It is going to be
launched from New Zealand. It will be launched from a Rocket Lab Electron rocket by the end of 2021. The satellite
is the brainchild of Jari Makinen.
· The discovery of a “cool” exoplanet located 90 light-years from Earth has excited scientists in their hunt for
extraterrestrial life. According to a study published in Science Daily, researchers from NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory and the University of New Mexico discovered exoplanet 'TOI-1231 b' orbiting an M dwarf star -
otherwise known as a red dwarf.
· UN body has endorsed a multinational project called “Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Coastal
Observations, Applications, Services, and Tools (CEOS COAST)”. CEOS COAST programme is co-led by ISRO and
NOAA from the US. This programme aims to improve the accuracy of coastal data on the basis of satellite and land-
based observations. Its pilot projects are uniquely capable of using Earth Observation technologies to meet several
of the 17 UN-designated sustainable development goals for the Ocean Decade initiative.
June
· Microsoft of icially launched its new Windows operating system 'Windows 11'. It is being called as the “next
generation” of Windows. The release comes nearly six decades after the current latest Windows Operating System
'Windows 10' was launched in July 2015. Windows 11 is special because it focuses on a new user interface, a new
Windows Store, and improvements to performance, including a centre-aligned Taskbar and Start button.
· Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited and Google Cloud are embarking on a comprehensive, long- term strategic
relationship with a goal of powering 5G in enterprise and consumer segments nationwide. In addition, Reliance
will also take advantage of Google Cloud's scalable infrastructure thereby enabling its retail business to achieve
better operational ef iciency, modernize and scale for growth, and deliver better performance and experiences to
customers.
· Firmina, an open subsea cable being built by Google that will run from the East Coast of the United States to Las
Toninas, Argentina, with additional landings in Praia Grande, Brazil, and Punta del Este, Uruguay. Firmina will be
the longest cable in the world capable of running entirely from a single power source at one end of the cable if its
other become unavailable.
· The European Space Agency will hire and launch the world's irst physically disabled astronaut. It received 22000
applicants for this recruitment call. ESA is developing technologies for para-astronaut. It will give a message to the
world that 'Space is for everyone'.
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Defence
INS Sandhayak
Indian Navy's oldest hydrographic survey ship INS Sandhayak
was decommissioned at Naval Dockyard in Visakhapatnam.
More information-
INS Sandhayak is Indian Navy's ifth hydrographic survey ship
in the series indigenously designed and constructed.
The ship was commissioned to the Indian Navy on February 26,
1981.
The vessel was conceptualised by Rear Admiral F.L. Fraser, the
then Chief Hydrographer to the government.
It operated as a hydrographic survey ship in the Indian Navy,
under the Eastern Naval Command.
It was equipped with a helicopter and Bofors 40 mm gun for self defence, four survey motor boats and two small boats.
Hydrographic vessels carry out surveys related to measurement and description of features which affect maritime
navigation, marine construction, offshore oil exploration and related activities.
It was an active participant in many signi icant operations such as Operation Pawan (assisting the Indian Peace Keeping
Force in Sri Lanka in 1987) and Operation Rainbow (rendering humanitarian assistance post Tsunami of 2004).
It also participated in the maiden joint INDO-US HADR (humanitarian assistance and disaster relief) exercise 'Tiger-
Triumph' in 2019.
It served for 40 years and undertook over 200 major hydrographic surveys in Western and Eastern coasts of the Indian
peninsula, the Andaman Sea, and minor surveys in Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Bangladesh.
CIBER-2 instrument of NASA

Recently, a NASA-funded rocket's launch window opened at the White
Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, USA with an aim to count the
number of stars that exist in the Universe.
About Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment-2 (CIBER-2)-
A NASA-funded sounding rocket was launched with an improved
instrument to look for evidence of extra stars that may have been
missed in stellar head counts.
The CIBER-2 is the latest in a series of sounding rocket launches that
began in 2009.
June
2021 Defence
It is led by Michael Zemcov, assistant professor of physics and astronomy at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New
York
The CIBER-2 instrument, like the earlier CIBER instruments, was launched aboard a small suborbital rocket that carries
scienti ic instruments on brief trips into space before falling back to Earth for recovery.
It won't count stars, but it will detect the diffuse, cosmos- illing glow known as the extragalactic background light.
From all of this extragalactic background light, the CIBER-2 will focus on a portion of this called cosmic infrared
background, which is emitted by some of the most common stars.
CIBER-2 was designed to observe an expanded range of wavelengths from the near-infrared to green visible light to see if
it's there.
CIBER-2 can also distinguish light from the irst galaxies and stars or early direct-collapsing black holes.
Once the instrument is above Earth's atmosphere, it will survey a patch of sky that will include dozens of clusters of
galaxies.
The ESA infrared space observatory Herschel also counted the number of galaxies in infrared and measured their
luminosity previously
Deep ocean mission

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the
proposal of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) on "Deep
Ocean Mission".
About the mission-
It will be a mission mode project to support the Blue
Economy Initiatives of the Government of India.
It is set to explore the deep ocean for resources and develop
deep sea technologies for sustainable use of ocean resources.
The estimated cost of the Mission will be Rs. 4077 crore for a
period of 5 years to be implemented in a phase-wise manner.
The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) will be the nodal ministry implementing this multi-institutional ambitious mission.
Such technology and expertise is now available with only ive countries -- US, Russia, France, Japan and China and India will
now be the sixth country to have it.
The mission consists of the following six major components-
Development of Technologies for Deep Sea Mining, and Manned Submersible: A manned submersible will be developed to
carry three people to a depth of 6000 metres in the ocean with a suite of scienti ic sensors
and tools. An Integrated Mining System will be also developed for mining Polymetallic Nodules from 6000 m depth in the
central Indian Ocean.
Development of Ocean Climate Change Advisory Services: A suite of observations and models will be developed to
understand and provide future projections of important climate variables on seasonal to decadal time scales under this
proof of concept component.
Technological innovations for exploration and conservation of deep-sea biodiversity: Bio-prospecting of deep sea lora and
fauna including microbes and studies on sustainable utilization of deep sea bioresources will be the main focus.
June
2021 Defence
Deep Ocean Survey and Exploration: The primary objective of this component is to explore and identify potential sites of
multi-metal Hydrothermal Sulphides mineralization along the Indian Ocean mid-oceanic ridges.
Energy and freshwater from the Ocean: Studies and detailed engineering design for offshore Ocean Thermal Energy
Conversion (OTEC) powered desalination plants are envisaged.
Advanced Marine Station for Ocean Biology: This component is aimed at the development of human capacity and
enterprise in ocean biology and engineering. This component will translate research into industrial application and
product development through on-site business incubator facilities. A research vessel for deep ocean exploration would be
built in an Indian shipyard which would create employment
opportunities.
The United Nations (UN) has declared the decade 2021-2030 as the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.
The Government of India's Vision of New India by 2030 has highlighted the Blue Economy as one of the ten core dimensions
of growth
Agni-P missile
DRDO successfully light tested the new generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile, Agni-P (Prime), at
Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur off the coast of Odisha.
About Agni-P-
It is the irst of the new class of Agni missile to be launched by DRDO.
It is the sixth missile in the Agni (missile) series of ballistic missiles.
The ballistic missile weighs 50% less than Agni 3 and has new guidance and a new generation of
propulsion.
Since the missile is canisterised, it can be launched from rail and road and stored for a longer period and
transported all across the country.
The missile has a range between 1000km to 2000km, and can be used to target enemy armadas in the
Indo-Paci ic.
About Ballistic and cruise missilesBallistic Missile
A ballistic missile follows a ballistic trajectory to deliver one or more warheads on a
89 www.journalso india.com June 2021 predetermined target.
A ballistic trajectory is the path of an object that is launched but has no active propulsion during its
actual light (these weapons are guided only during relatively brief periods of light).
The trajectory is fully determined by a given initial velocity, effects of gravity, air resistance, and motion of the earth
(Coriolis Force).
Shorter range ballistic missiles stay within the Earth's atmosphere.
Longer-ranged intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), are launched on a sub-orbital light trajectory and spend most of
their light out of the atmosphere.
Types of ballistic missiles based on the range are-
Short-range (tactical) ballistic missile (SRBM): Range between 300 km and 1,000 km.
Medium-range (theatre) ballistic missile (MRBM): 1,000 km to 3,500 km.
June
2021 Defence
Intermediate-range (Long-Range) ballistic missile (IRBM or LRBM): 3,500 km and 5,500 km.
Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM): 5,500 km +Cruise missile
A cruise missile is a guided missile (target has to be pre-set) used against terrestrial targets.
It remains in the atmosphere throughout its light.
It lies the major portion of its light path at approximately constant speed.
Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warhead over long distances with high
precision.
Modern cruise missiles are capable of travelling at supersonic or high subsonic speeds, are self-navigating, and are able to
ly on a non-ballistic, extremely low-altitude trajectory.
Types of cruise missiles based on speed are-
Hypersonic (Mach 5): these missiles would travel at least ive times the speed of sound (Mach 5).E.g. BrahMos-II.
Supersonic (Mach 2-3): these missiles travel faster than the speed of sound. E.g. BrahMos.
Subsonic (Mach 0.8): these missiles travel slower than the speed of sound. E.g. Nirbhay
Shenzhou-12
Recently, China launched the crewed spacecraft Shenzhou-12 in a historic
mission.
About Shenzhou-12-
A Long March 2F rocket is transporting the Shenzhou-12 or Divine Vessel.
The light marks the seventh crewed Chinese space light and the seventh
crewed light of the Shenzhou program.
The recently launched spacecraft is carrying three astronauts to part of a space station still under construction for the
longest stay in low Earth orbit by any Chinese national.
These astronauts are to work and stay on Tianhe, the living quarters of the future space station, for three months.
The three men will test the module's technologies including its life-support system.
Shenzhou-12 is the third of 11 missions - four of which will be crewed - needed to complete China's irst full- ledged space
station.
Construction of the space station began in April with the launch of Tianhe, the irst and largest of the three modules.
About Tianhe(Harmony of Heavens)-
Also known as the Tianhe core module, it is the irst module to launch from the Tiangong space station.
The core module provides life support and living quarters for three crew members, and provides guidance,navigation, and
orientation control for the station.
It is the irst module of a third-generation Chinese modular space station.
It was launched into orbit on 29 April 2021, as the irst launch of the inal phase of the T iangong program (Project 921), part
of the Chinese space program.
Other examples of modular station projects include the Soviet/Russian Mir, Russian OPSEK, and the International Space
Station
June
2021 Defence
Snippets
· National Security Advisor (NSA), Ajit Doval has commissioned the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Offshore Patrol
Vessel (OPV) Sajag, which has been constructed by Goa Shipyard Limited.
· North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) is organising “Steadfast Defender 21 war games” military exercises
in Europe as tensions with Russia increases. These war games are being organised with the aim of simulating the
response of a 30-nation military organisation for the attack on any one of its members. It seeks to test the ability of
NATO to deploy troops from America.
· Indian Navy's hydrographic survey ship, Sandhayak would be decommissioned after serving the nation for 40
years. The decommissioning ceremony of INS Sandhayak will be held at naval dockyard Visakhapatnam and will be
a low-key event attended only by in-station of icers and sailors with strict observance of COVID-19 protocols.
· The Indian Navy is set to receive its irst set of multi-role helicopters as America is set to hand over three MH-60
Romeo helicopters to the force in the United States in July. The irst batch of Indian pilots has also reached the US for
training on the helicopters which would be arriving in India next year in July. India and the US had signed over-Rs
16,000 crore deal to buy 24 MH-60 Romeo helicopters from Lockheed Martin in 2020 under fast track procedures
on a government-to- government deal to hasten the process.
· The Indian Navy inducted three indigenously-built advanced light helicopters ALH MK-III in their leet. These
helicopters are built by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited at the Indian Naval Station (INS) Dega in Visakhapatnam
will be used for maritime reconnaissance and coastal security.
· The 31st edition of the India-Thailand Coordinated Patrol (Indo-Thai CORPAT) kicked off on June 09,
2021, in the Andaman Sea. The three-day coordinated patrol between the Indian Navy and the Royal Thai Navy is
being conducted from 09 to 11 June 2021. From the Indian side, an indigenously built Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel,
Indian Naval Ship (INS) Saryu, is participating and from Thailand Navy, HTMS Krabi is participating in CORPAT,
along with Dornier Maritime Patrol Aircraft from both navies.
· Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) recently announced that the Defence Ministry has signed a contract with Mahindra
Telephonics Integrated Systems for procurement of 11 Airport Surveillance Radars with Monopulse Secondary
Surveillance Radar for Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard.
· Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved the budgetary support of Rs 498.8 crore for iDEX-DIO (Innovations
for Defence Excellence – Defence Innovation Organisation) for the next ive years. The funds will be used to provide
inancial support to nearly 300 start-ups, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and individual
innovators with a larger goal of ensuring self- reliance in the defence sector. The scheme is in sync with the
government's push to cut imports of military hardware and weapons and make India a hub for defence
manufacturing.
· The Army conducted a successful trial by moving a military train loaded with vehicles and equipment from New
Rewari to New Phulera validating the ef icacy of the Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC). These trials were part of the
“Whole of the Nation Approach" for optimising national resources and achieve seamless synergy among various
ministries and departments. New Rewari in Haryana to New Phulera in Rajasthan.
· Ships of the Indian Navy and Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) participated in a joint naval exercise at
the Indian Ocean to realize “Free and Open Indo-Paci ic (FOIP).
June
2021 Defence
· Flying Of icer Mawya Sudan has become the irst woman from Jammu and Kashmir to be inducted as a ighter pilot
in the Indian Air Force (IAF). She is the 12th female ighter pilot to be inducted in the IAF. The 24-year-old Mawya
hails from Lamberi village near the Line of Control (LoC) in Rajouri district of Jammu division.
· In a irst, the Indian Navy is participating in a joint exercise with the European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR).
Stealth frigate INS Trikand, will participate in the two-day exercise in the Gulf of Aden as it is already deployed in
the region on anti- piracy operations.
· The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test- ired the subsonic cruise missile
'Nirbhay' on June 24, 2021, from an Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur in Odisha's Balasore. This was
the eighth test light of the missile. The irst test light of Nirbhay was held on 12 March 2013.
· The Indian Navy and the Air Force began a two- day passage exercise with U.S. Navy Carrier Strike Group (CSG)
Ronald Reagan during its transit through the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The exercise aims to strengthen the
bilateral relationship and cooperation by demonstrating the ability to integrate and coordinate comprehensively
in maritime operations.
· The Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has informed that India's irst Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-I), is
planned to be commissioned by 2022. Once commissioned, the carrier will be rechristened as INS Vikrant, in
memory of India's irst aircraft carrier.
· The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test- ired an extended-range version of
the indigenously developed Pinaka rocket. The rockets were launched from a Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher
(MBRL) at Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Odisha.
· The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully light-tested a New Generation
Nuclear-Capable Ballistic Missile “Agni P (Prime)” from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam island off the coast of Odisha, Balasore.
· Ukraine and the United States launched joint naval exercises "Sea Breeze drills" in the Black Sea in a show of
Western cooperation with Kiev as it faces off with Russia.
· Turkey and Azerbaijan have begun joint military drills "Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - 2021" in Baku, deploying tanks,
helicopters and drones in an effort to improve the two countries' combat interoperability.
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June
2021 Ranking
Indexes
&
World Competitiveness index
India maintained 43rd rank in the World Competitiveness index
which was published recently.
About the World Competitiveness index-
It is compiled by Swiss-based Institute for Management
Development (IMD).
It ranks 64 economies and assesses the extent to which a country
promotes the prosperity of its people by measuring economic well-
being through hard data and survey responses from executives.
The World Competitiveness Yearbook is an annual report published
by the IMD on the competitiveness of nations and has been published since 1989.
It examines four factors- economic performance, government ef iciency, business ef iciency, and infrastructure
It analyzes and ranks countries according to how they manage their competencies to achieve long-term value creation
This year Switzerland stood 1st, followed by Sweden (2nd), Denmark (3rd), the Netherlands (4th), and Singapore (5th).
Top-performing economies are characterized by varying degrees of investment in innovation, diversi ied economic
activities, and supportive public policy.
Taiwan reached the top-10 for the irst time since the ranking began 33 years ago (moving up from 11th last year).
The top-performing Asian economies are Singapore (5th), Hong Kong (7th), Taiwan (8th) and China (16th).
India is maintaining 43rd rank since the year 2019.
Among the BRICS nations, India is ranked second after China (16), followed by Russia (45th), Brazil (57th) and South Africa
(62th).
As per the index, India's signi icant improvements in government ef iciency is due to relatively stable public inances
(despite dif iculties brought by the pandemic, in 2020 the government de icit stayed at 7 per cent).
The Institute for Management Development (IMD)-
IMD is an independent academic institution with Swiss roots and global reach, founded 75 years ago by business leaders for
business leaders.
Since its creation, IMD has been a pioneering force in developing leaders who transform organizations and contribute to
society.
It is based in Lausanne (Switzerland) and Singapore.
June
2021 Ranking
Indexes
&
Snippets
· Centre for World University Rankings 2021- 22 has announced, 19,788 institutions were ranked, and those that placed at
the top made the global 2000 list. Harvard University has topped the ranking globally followed by Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Stanford University, University of Cambridge, and Oxford University respectively. The Indian
pack is led by the IIM-Ahmedabad which has bagged 415th rank followed by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) at 459th
rank.
· Wipro has touched Rs 3 trillion in market capitalisation for the irst time, becoming the third Indian IT irm to achieve the
milestone after Tata Consultancy Services and Infosys. The company won its largest deal ever from German retailer
Metro and has seen deal wins of $7.1 billion. India has a total of 13 listed irms that have crossed the Rs 3 trillion m-cap.
Wipro now ranks 14th.
· In Hockey, the Indian men's team maintained their fourth position while the women's team held to the ninth position in
the latest International Hockey Federation world rankings. Despite missing the European leg of the FIH Hockey Pro-
League series in Great Britain, Spain and Germany in April and May, the Indian men's team maintained its fourth spot.
· India's rank has slipped by two places from last year to 117 on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted as
a part of the 2030 agenda by 193 United Nations member states in 2015. India ranks below four South Asian countries:
Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
· Times Higher Education Asia university rankings 2021, three Indian universities secured positions in the top 100 list.
IISc Bangalore, IIT Ropar and IIT Indore have secured ranks among the top 100 universities in Asia. Like last year, not a
single Indian varsity made it to the elite top 10. IISc Bangalore ranked at 37th position. IIT Ropar is placed at 55th rank
and IIT Indore at 78th rank among the top 100 universities. Tsinghua University, China has gained the irst position in
the Asia university rankings 2021.
· Punjab, which has improved its showing from the 13th position it attained in 2018-19, topped the charts this time among
all the states and union territories with a score of 929 out of 1,000, followed by Chandigarh (912) and Tamil
Nadu (906).
· The London-based Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) has released the QS World University Rankings 2022 which
compares and ranks Universities from across the globe on various parameters. Eight Indian universities have found a
place among the best 400 global universities in the QS World University Rankings 2022, released on June 09, 2021.
However, only three Universities namely the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, IIT-Delhi, and IISc Bangalore
feature among the top 200. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has topped the ranking for the 10th years in a
row.
· The US traders have bene ited the most in Bitcoin Investment Gain in 2020, with a pro it of $4.1 billion, according to
the latest report by Chainalysis, a blockchain analysis company based in Manhattan, New York. Chinese
traders stood second, with a pro it of $1.1 billion. India has been ranked at 18th spot with a pro it of $241 million, among
the top 25 countries, in Bitcoin investment gains 2020.
June
2021 Ranking
Indexes
&
· All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2019-20 report has been released by Union Education Minister Ramesh
Pokhriyal 'Nishank'. As per AISHE in the last ive years (2015-16 to 2019-20), student enrolment has grown by 11.4%. As
per AISHE, female enrolment in Higher Education has increased by 18.2% from 2015-16 to 2019-20. AISHE 2019-20 is
the 10 in the series of All India Survey on Higher Education. Department of Higher Education releases it annually.
· India has moved down 12 spots in the global home price index to 55th rank in Q1 2021 against 43rd rank in Q1 2020, with
a decline of 1.6 per cent year-on-year (YoY) in home prices, Knight Frank, in its latest research report “Global House
Price Index” – Q1 2021. Turkey continues to lead the annual rankings with prices up by 32 per cent YoY, followed by New
Zealand.
· India has been ranked at 14th spot among 114 countries in the World Giving Index 2021, by the Charities Aid Foundation
(CAF). This rank is up from its 10-year global rank of 82. The World Giving Index ranking has been topped by
Indonesia, followed by Kenya, Nigeria, Myanmar and Australia in the top ive respectively.
· The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was second in terms of reserves transferred to the government as a percentage of gross
domestic product (GDP) for the iscal year 2020-21. Turkey has been ranked irst. RBI has transferred Rs 99,122-crore
surplus to the government for FY21 which is 73% higher than the Rs 57,128 crore paid out in 2019-20. The surplus
transferred by RBI constitutes 0.44% of GDP, while that of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey constitutes 0.5% of
GDP.
· India maintained 43rd rank on an annual World Competitiveness Index compiled by the Institute for Management
Development (IMD) that examined the impact of COVID-19 on economies around the world this year. Rank 1:
Switzerland, Rank 2: Sweden, Rank 3: Denmark.
· Bahrain has topped the globally-recognized AIRINC Global 150 Cities Index inancial attractiveness ranking for the third
straight year. The rankings evaluate the salary levels, cost of living, and taxes in a particular market in order to create an
overall score for inancial attractiveness.
· Bengaluru has been named as the most liveable city of India, in the Ease of Living Index 2020, released by the Centre
for Science and Environment (CSE). The Ease of Living Index 2020 is part of the report titled State of India's Environment
2021. Bengaluru is followed by Chennai, Shimla, Bhubaneshwar, and Mumbai, as the top ive best cities respectively.
· According to the 6th Edition of 'Sustainable Development Report 2021 (SDR 2021)' released by Sustainable
Development Solutions Network (SDSN), India with a score of 60.1 has been placed at 120th rank out o f
165 countries. Finland topped the Index followed by Sweden & Denmark.
· According to 'Annual Bank Statistics of 2020' released by Swiss National Bank (SNB), the Central Bank of
Switzerland. India with Swiss Francs (CHF) 2.55 billion (INR 20,706 Crore) has been placed at 51st place in the list of
foreign clients' money in Swiss Banks during 2020. The United Kingdom (UK) topped the list with CHF 377
billion, followed by the US (152 billion). India was ahead of countries like New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Denmark,
Hungary, Mauritius, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in terms of foreign clients' money in Swiss banks.
June
2021 Ranking &
Indexes
· Bengaluru has emerged as the top ive technology centres in the APAC region while Hyderabad is ranked in the Top 10
list, a report by Colliers titled 'Growth Engines of Innovation: How Asia Paci ic Technology Hubs are Reshaping Regional
Real Estate'. The report ranks the most attractive technology submarkets within major APAC cities, which should serve
as a navigation tool for technology groups, as they plan their expansion.
· Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, Indian pioneer industrialist and founder of the Tata Group, has topped the inaugural,
EdelGive Hurun Philanthropists of the Century list, which ranks the world's 50 most generous individuals in the last
century. As per the report, the total donations made by Mumbai-based Jamsetji Tata is estimated at US$102.4
billion. He is the only Indian among the top 10 list, compiled by Hurun Research and EdelGive Foundation.
· Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan in Central Asia, has been named the world's most expensive city for foreign
workers. Mumbai remains India's most expensive city at 78th rank but has dropped 18 places in this year's ranking “due
to a relatively weak Indian rupee in comparison with other cities in the ranking.”
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June
2021
Obituaries

· Former Denmark's prime minister Poul Schlueter, who negotiated exemptions for his country to a key European
Union(EU) treaty has passed away. He was born on 3 April 1929 in Tonder, Denmark. Schlueter served as the
prime minister of the country from 1982-1993.
· T.M. Kalliannan Gounder, the last surviving former member of the Indian Constituent Assembly, died at the age
of 101. He served as a Member of the Legislative Council in Tamil Nadu and also as an MLA thrice, between 1952
and 1967. He was reportedly the youngest member in the Constituent Assembly then and also a member of
India's irst provisional parliament.
· The former Prime Minister and President of the Republic of Mauritius, Sir Anerood Jugnauth passed away.
He is the country's longest- serving prime minister with more than 18 years of tenure. He was considered the
father of the Mauritian economic miracle of the 1980s.
· The National award-winning eminent Bengali ilm Director Buddhadeb Dasgupta has passed away. He had won
several National Awards for his contribution to Bengali cinema.
· Asian Games gold medal-winning former boxing star Dingko Singh has passed away, battling liver cancer.
Manipur-based Dingko Singh won the gold medal for India in the 1998 Asian Games Bangkok, Thailand. He was
also bestowed with the Arjuna award in 1998 and the country's fourth-highest civilian honour, the Padma Shri,
in 2013.
· Padma Shri winning noted Economist and Environmentalist, Prof Radhamohan Ji has passed away. He was the
former information commissioner of Odisha and had also served as a lecturer of Economics in different colleges
in Odisha.
· Noted Kannada poet, playwright and Dalit activist,
· Siddalingaiah has passed away, due to Covid-19 related ailments. He was one of Karnataka's irst prominent
Dalit poets, and was popularly known as “Dalita Kavi”.
· Olympian Surat Singh Mathur, the irst from independent India to complete a marathon at the Olympics, passed
away. Running with the legendary Emil Zatopek in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics, Mathur completed the marathon
in the 52nd place in 2:58.92s.
· Mahavir Chakra recipient legendary veteran, Brigadier Raghubir Singh has passed away. He was
commissioned on 18 Apr 1943 into the Sawaiman Guards as a Second Lieutenant and fought a number of wars
including the second world war.
· The former Indian women volleyball team captain Nirmal Milkha Kaur, who is the wife of sprint legend Milkha
Singh (Flying Sikh), has passed away due to COVID-19 complications. Nirmal Milkha Singh was also a former
Director of Sports for Women in the Punjab Government.
· Veteran Kannada ilm actor Sanchari Vijay, who won the National award in 2015, has passed away. He made his
debut in ilms in 2011 with the Kannada ilm Rangappa Hogbitna. His 2015 ilm Naanu Avanalla…Avalu, fetched
him the Best Actor Award at the 62nd National Film Awards, in which he played the role of a transgender.
June
2021 Obituaries
· Gottfried Bohm, the irst German architect to be awarded the Pritzker Prize, has passed away at 101. Most of his
most notable projects were built in Germany-such as Neviges Pilgrimage Church (1968), Bensberger City Hall
(1969), and the Museum of the Diocese (1975).
· Zambian politician Kenneth Kaunda, who served as the irst President of Zambia, has passed away. Mr Kaunda
served as the irst President of independent Zambia for 27 years from 1964 to 1991. Zambia gained
independence from Britain in October 1964.
· Renowned Jammu-based Islamic scholar Mufti Faiz-ul-Waheed, who irst translated Quran into Gojri language,
has passed away in a Jammu. The scholar had also authored several booklets including 'Siraj-um-Muneera',
'Ahkam-e-Mayyat' and 'Namaz Kae Masayil Quran-o-Hadees Ki Roshni Mei'.
· Legendary Indian sprinter, Milkha Singh has passed away due to coronavirus disease (Covid- 19), at the age of
91. A former army man, Milkha Singh won several laurels for the country in track and ield events across the
globe.
· Guruprasad Mohapatra, the Secretary in the Department of Industry and Internal Trade
June
2021 Conference,
Committees &
Summits
· External Affairs Minister, S Jaishankar has chaired the meeting of BRICS foreign ministers through video
conferencing. Foreign ministers of Brazil, Russia, China, and South Africa participated in this meeting. In this
meeting, Ministers agreed to cooperate on the pillars of political and security, economic and inance, and People to
people and cultural exchanges.
· The second United Nations Global Sustainable Transport Conference will be held from 14-16 October 2021 in
Beijing, China. It will provide an opportunity to focus attention on the opportunities, challenges and solutions
towards achieving sustainable transport worldwide.
· Dr Harsh Vardhan, Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare addressed the inaugural ceremony of Global Yoga
Conference 2021. The event was organised by 'Mokshayatan Yog Sansthan' along with the Ministry of AYUSH,
Government of India &Indian Council for Cultural Relations to mark the occasion of the 7th International Day
of Yoga which falls on 21st June 2021.
· The leaders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held a face-to-face summit on NATO headquarters in
Brussels, Belgium. The 2021 Brussels summit of NATO was the 31st formal meeting of the heads of
state and heads of government of the alliance. The summit of the 30-member NATO group was held as a part of U.S.
President Joe Biden's irst foreign trip since he took of ice.
The 47th G7 Leaders' Summit 2021 (Outreach Session of the G7 meeting) took place in a Hybrid format from June
11-13, 2021 at Cornwall, United Kingdom (UK). It was hosted by the United Kingdom (UK) as it holds the Presidency
of G7 for 2021. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually participated in the meeting and called G7 summit
members for the 'One Earth One Health' approach to effectively deal with the coronavirus pandemic globally, and
sought the support of the G7 grouping to lift patent protections for COVID-19 vaccines.
· The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) is hosting a three day virtual “Conference of
BRICS Network Universities”. This conference is being held as a part of India's Chairmanship of the 13th BRICS
Summit in 2021. The basic objective of BRICS Network University is enhancing educational cooperation in general,
and especially in the realm of research and innovation. The theme of the Conference of BRICS Network
Universities is “Electric Mobility”.
· Prime Minister, Narendra Modi virtually addressed the 5th edition of VivaTech. VivaTech is one of the largest
digital and startup events of Europe, held in Paris every year since 2016. PM Modi was invited as a Guest of Honour to
deliver the keynote address at VivaTech 2021, which has been organised from 16-19 June 2021 in Paris. During his
address, PM Modi invited the world to invest in India based on the ive pillars: Talent, Market, Capital, Eco-system
and, Culture of openness.
· International Energy Forum (IEF) announced that India has agreed to host the 9th Asian Ministerial Energy
Roundtable (AMER9). The 9th Asian Ministerial Energy Roundtable will be held in 2022. Dates of this conference
will be announced later and it will take forward the understandings reached in the previous meeting in Abu Dhabi
during 2018.
· India is scheduled to host a two-day virtual summit on green hydrogen, with countries like Brazil, Russia, China and
South Africa set to take part in it. The countries will discuss their initiatives around the emission-free fuel. Hydrogen,
when produced by electrolysis using renewable energy is known as Green Hydrogen which has no carbon footprint.
The event will be anchored by India's state-run power major NTPC.
June
2021
Sports
· Indian pugilist Mary Kom, lost to two-time world champion Nazym Kyzaibay of Kazakhstan, to settle for silver medal
at the 2021 ASBC Asian Boxing Championships in Dubai.
· Pooja Rani won the gold medal in the 75kg Women's Middle category inal at the Asian Boxing
Championships. She defeated Mavluda Movlonova in the gold medal clash.
· Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 in the inal, to lift the 2020-21 UEFA Champions League title, on May 29, 2021,
played at the Estádio do Dragão in Porto, Portugal.
· The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has con irmed that the IPL 2021 Phase 2 will be held in the UAE
during the September- October window. In a Special General Meeting chaired by BCCI president Sourav Ganguly, the
Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) con irmed to the State units that the tournament will have to be shifted
out of India on account of 'monsoon.’
· India's pugilist Sanjeet Kumar won a gold medal in the 91 kg weight category at the ASBC Asian Boxing
Championships.
· The International Cricket Council (ICC) has announced that the Men's Cricket World Cup in 2027 and 2031, will once
again be a 14-team, 54- match tournament. Earlier in the 2019 World Cup, only 10 teams contested, compared to 14
teams in the 2015 World Cup.
· World No. 1 Novak Djokovic captured the 83rd title of his career with victory on home soil at the Belgrade Open. The
Serbian superstar lost his serve three times in the irst set before changing his game to defeat Slovakian quali ier and
irst-time ATP Tour inalist Alex Molcan 6-4, 6-3 in 88 minutes at the Novak Tennis Center.
· Red Bull's Sergio Perez won a chaotic Azerbaijan Grand Prix with both Max Verstappen and Lewis Hamilton failing to
inish. This was the irst win for Perez since joining Red Bull.
· Germany's FIFA World Cup-winner, Sami Khedira has announced retirement. He began his career at VfB Stuttgart
and helped them win the league title in the 2006-07 season before moving to Real Madrid, where he won the league
and Champions League in a trophy-laden spell.
· Oman has been named as the host of the inaugural International Hockey Federation (FIH) Hockey5s World Cup. The
FIH said the men's and women's events will take place in Oman's capital city Muscat in January 2024. The governing
body said its Executive Board named Oman as host, after a recommendation from the organisation's Events Bidding
Task Force.
· Indian star cricketer Virender Sehwag has launched an experiential learning portal for Cricket coaching named
CRICURU. CRICURU is India's irst AI-enabled coaching website, to offer a personalised learning experience for the
younger players. The website can be accessed at www.cricuru.com
· ICC Elite Panel match referee, Chris Broad will oversee the World Test Championship (WTC) inal between India and
New Zealand, scheduled to commence at the Ageas Bowl in Southampton from June 18. The International Cricket
Council (ICC) has announced the of icials for the match. ICC Elite Panel's Richard Illingworth and Michael Gough will
be the on- ield umpires.
June
2021 Sports
· Sunil Chhetri surpasses Argentina's Lionel Messi and he has become the second-highest active international goal-
scorer with 74 strikes. He made this record in a joint preliminary qualifying round match for the 2022 FIFA World
Cup and 2023 AFC Asian Cup. He is currently behind Portugal's Cristiano Ronaldo (103) in the active international
goal-scorer list.
· Lending and digital payments startup, BharatPe has announced that it has inked a three-year-long deal to
become an of icial partner with International Cricket Council (ICC). As per the agreement, BharatPe will promote
the association across broadcast and digital platforms, as well as execute in-venue brand activations at all the ICC
events until 2023.
· The Athletics Federation of India (AFI), announced that the Indian Grand Prix 4 will be held on June 21 at the
National Institute of Sports in Patiala. The decision to host the domestic events was made to give Indian athletes the
maximum chance to qualify for Tokyo.
· The Australian city of Brisbane moved closer to landing the 2032 Olympics after winning the approval of the
International Olympic Committee's executive board and the choice will be put to a inal vote next month.
· D. Gukesh sensationally won the $15,000 Gelfand Challenge chess title and with it, a 'wild card' for the elite
Meltwaters Champions Chess Tour. He won all four rounds, including the key battle against Praggnanandhaa, and
emerged on top after a series of favourable results from the games involving other title-contenders.
· The International Cricket Council (ICC) has announced Scotland's Kathryn Bryce and Bangladesh's
Mush iqur Rahim as the winners of the ICC Player of the Month Awards for May. ICC Player of the Month Awards
aims to recognise and celebrate the best performances from both male and female cricketers across all forms of
international cricket throughout the year.
· Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat won the gold medal in the 53 kg category at the Poland Open. It is her third title of the
season. Earlier, She had won gold at the Matteo Pellicone event (March) and Asian Championship (April). She
defeated Ukraine's Khrystyna Bereza in the inal. Khrystyna Bereza won the silver medal at the Poland Open. Earlier,
Indian wrestler Anshu Malik pulled out of the 57kg competition due to fever.
· Global sports brand Puma India has extended partnership with former Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, who has been
associated with the brand for over a decade. Moving from cricket to the fast lane, Yuvraj will now be seen in a new
avatar as the face of Puma Motorsport in India, showcasing his passion for fast cars and sports-inspired fashion.
With this, Yuvraj has joined the brand's global league of legends like Thierry Henry, Boris Becker and Usain Bolt.
· Ireland all-rounder Kevin O'Brien has announced his retirement from one-day internationals. The 37- year-old
Dubliner, who remains available for Test and T20 cricket, won 153 caps in the 50-over format, scoring over 3,000
runs and taking a national record 114 wickets in the format with his lively medium pace.
· Max Verstappen (Netherlands-Red Bull) has won the 2021 French Grand Prix. This race is the seventh round of the
2021 FIA Formula One World Championship.
· The New Zealand weightlifter Laurel Hubbard is poised to make history and headlines, as well as signi icant
controversy, after being con irmed as the irst transgender athlete to compete at an Olympic Games. The 43-
year-old, who will be the fourth oldest weightlifter at an Olympics, is regarded as a genuine medal contender in the
women's super heavyweight 87kg-plus category in Tokyo.
· Jamaican sprinter Shelly-Ann Fraser- Pryce became the second-fastest woman of all- time behind 100 metres
world record holder Florence Grif ith-Joyner when she clocked 10.63 seconds at a meet in Kingston.
June
2021 Sports
· Mid ielder Manpreet Singh was named captain of the 16-member Olympic-bound Indian men's hockey team, while
experienced defenders, Birendra Lakra and Harmanpreet Singh, were named vice-captains. This will be Manpreet's
third Olympics.
· Rani Rampal was named the captain of the 16- member Olympic-bound Indian Women's Hockey Team, announced
Hockey India. Rani is the obvious choice not just for her on- ield exploits but also for her innate ability to guide the
youngsters in the team.
· Australian swimmer Kaylee McKeown breaks the 100-meter backstroke world record at the South Australian
Aquatic Centre with a time of 57.45 seconds from the previous mark of 57.57 seconds set by American Regan
Smith in 2019. Emily Seebohm inished second in 58.59 to qualify for her fourth Olympics.
· Cristiano Ronaldo has become the joint-top scoring men's international player of all time. He is currently tied with
Iran legend Ali Daei, who scored 109 times in 149 matches between 1993 and 2006. Cristiano Ronaldo scored two
penalties to tie the overall men's scoring record with 109 goals in 176 matches and Portugal advanced to the round
of 16 at the European Championship after a 2-2 draw with France.
· Max Verstappen (Netherlands-Red Bull) has won the 2021 Styrian Grand Prix. This is the fourth win of Verstappen
in the 2021 Formula One season.
· The ace Indian archer Deepika Kumari, created a new world record as she claimed three back-to- back gold medals in
a single day, during the Archery World Cup Stage 3, held in Paris.The fourth gold medal came by Abhishek Verma,
from men's individual event in the compound section.
· ICC Men's T20 World Cup, originally slated to be held in India, will now be shifted to the UAE. The Board of Control for
Cricket in India (BCCI), which holds the hosting rights of this year's event, will inform the International Cricket
Council (ICC) in this regard.
· Madhya Pradesh all-rounder Anshula Rao became the irst women cricketer to be handed a four- year ban after
failing the dope test. She was handed the ban by the panel of the National Anti-Doping Agency for faking a dope test
which dates back to July 2020.
· Opener Shafali Verma has become the youngest Indian cricketer to make a debut in all formats, when India took on
England in the irst ODI in Bristol. She took 17 years and 150 days to make her debut in all formats. She has become
the ifth- youngest cricketer overall in the list of all format debuts.
· India's Rahi Sarnobat clinched the gold medal in the women's 25m pistol event at the ISSF shooting World Cup. She is
the irst Indian to win one silver and two bronze medals in the ongoing tournament. She scored 591 out of a
maximum of 600 in the qualifying stage.
June
2021
Schemes
Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing

Enterprises (PMFME) scheme
Union Minister for Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Narendra Singh Tomar
addressed the 3rd edition of the Northern Zone Food Processing Summit
organized by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) through video
conference.
About Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing
Enterprises (PMFME)-
The Ministry of Food Processing Industry (MoFPI) launched the PMFME
scheme under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
The aim is to enhance the competitiveness of existing individual micro-
enterprises in the unorganized segment of the food processing industry and
promote formalization of the sector.
The scheme to be implemented over a period of ive years from 2020-21 to
2024-25 with a total outlay of Rs.10,000 crore.
The scheme has a special focus on supporting Groups engaged in Agri-food processing such as Farmer Producer
Organizations (FPOs), Self Help Groups (SHGs) and Producers Cooperatives along their entire value chain.
The PMFME scheme support in terms of:
i. Food processing entrepreneurs through credit-linked capital subsidy @35% of the eligible project cost with a maximum
ceiling of Rs.10 lakh per unit.
ii. Seed capital @ Rs. 40,000/- per SHG member for working capital and purchase of small tools.
iii. Credit linked grant of 35% for capital investment to FPOs/ SHGs/ producer cooperatives.
iv. Support for marketing & branding to micro-units.
v. Support for common infrastructure and handholding support to SHGs, FPOs and Producer Cooperatives.
vi. Providing Capacity building and training support to increase the capabilities of the enterprises and upgradation of skills
of workers.
June
2021 Schemes
Horticulture Cluster Development Programme
The Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare virtually launched the Horticulture Cluster Development
Programme (CDP) recently.
A brief note on the programme-
In a pilot phase, the programme will be implemented in 12 horticulture clusters out of the total 53 clusters selected for the
programme.
These 12 clusters will be implemented through Cluster Development Agencies (CDAs) which are appointed on the
recommendations of the respective State/UT Government.
A central sector programme implemented by the National Horticulture Board (NHB) of the Ministry of Agriculture and
Farmers' Welfare, CDP aims at growing and developing identi ied horticulture clusters to make them globally competitive.
The programme will address all major issues related to the Indian horticulture sector including preproduction, production,
post-harvest management, logistics, marketing and branding.
The programme is designed to leverage geographical specialisation and promote integrated and marketled development of
horticulture clusters.
CDP will bene it about 10 lakh farmers and related stakeholders of the value chain.
The programme is expected to converge with other initiatives of the Government such as the Agriculture Infrastructure
Fund(AIF).
AIF is a medium - long term inancing facility for investment in projects for post-harvest management infrastructure and
community farming assets.
It will leverage the central sector scheme of the Ministry for Formation and Promotion of 10,000 Farmers Producer
Organisations (FPOs).
Environmentalists claim that it would impact the Western Ghats heavily because the project requires huge
amounts of granite and loose soil.
For
CLAT/AILET 2021
Telegram Youtube or
June
2021 Schemes
FAME- II scheme
In news- The Department of Heavy Industries through a
resolution increased subsidies for electric two-
wheelers by 50 percent under the FAME II scheme. It
capped incentives for electric two-wheelers at 40
percent ( 15,000 per KWh) of the cost of vehicles, up
from 20 percent earlier.
Other FAME 2 recent amendments include-
The state-owned Energy Ef iciency Services (EESL) will
launch an aggregate demand for 300,000 electric three-
wheelers across a variety of user segments.
The Ministry will now target cities with over 4 million
population, i.e. Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai,Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, etc... with EESL aiming for Aggregation of
demand for the remaining e-buses on OPEX basis.
About FAME - II-
Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME-India) Scheme is launched under
National Mission on Electric Mobility in 2011/ National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020, unveiled in 2013.
The scheme aims to encourage progressive induction of reliable, affordable and ef icient electric and hybrid vehicles (xEV).
The First Phase of the scheme was initially approved for a period of 2 years, commencing from 1st April,2015.
The Scheme has been extended from time to time, with the last extension allowed for a period up to 31st March 2019 .
It is implemented and monitored by the National Automotive Board under D/o Heavy Industries.
It is one of the DBT schemes categorized under in-kind mode.
Government approved Phase-II of FAME Scheme with an outlay of Rs. 10,000 Crore for a period of 3 years commencing
from 1st April 2019.
This phase aims to generate demand by way of supporting 7000 Electric Buses (e-bus), 5 lakh Electric Three Wheelers (e-
3W), 55000 Electric Four Wheeler Passenger Cars (including Strong Hybrid) (e-4W) and 10 lakh Electric Two Wheelers (e-
2W).
In addition, creation of Charging Infrastructure is also supported under the Scheme.
Vehicles itted with only advanced chemistry batteries, meeting with minimum Technical Criteria and registered as "Motor
Vehicle" as per CMVR shall be eligible for incentive under the scheme.
Scheme will be applicable mainly to vehicles used for public transport or those registered for commercial purposes in e-
3W, e-4W and e-bus segments.
However, privately owned registered electric two wheelers (e-2Ws) are also covered under the scheme as a mass segment.
June
2021 Schemes
Snippets
· Markets regulator Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has reconstituted its four-member Takeover Panel.
The Takeover Panel looks into the applications that seek exemption from the mandatory open offer that an acquirer
needs to make to minority shareholders. The Members of the Panel are: Chairman: Justice N. K. Sodhi.
· The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Agra bench consisting of Judicial Member Lalit Kumar and the
Accountant Member Dr Mitha Lal Meena has ruled that cash deposit made by the housewives during the
demonetization scheme 2016, cannot be subject to addition if such deposits are below Rs 2.5 lakh and such amount
shall not be treated as income of the assessee.
· The Department of Higher Education under the Ministry of Education has launched a new initiative called 'YUVA-
Prime Minister's Scheme For Mentoring Young Authors'. YUVA stands for Young, Upcoming and Versatile Authors. It
is an Author Mentorship programme to train young and budding authors, below 30 years of age to promote reading,
writing and book culture in the country, and project India and Indian writings globally.
· The Lt Governor of Ladakh, RK Mathur launched a scheme called 'YounTab', under which 12,300 tablets would be
distributed among the students in the Union Territory. As part of the irst phase of the YounTab Scheme, Mr Mathur
distributed the tablets to the students of Classes 9 to 12 standards.
· Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Steel Shri Dharmendra Pradhan presided over a virtual ceremony in
which a number of initiatives were launched to provide a major illip to the SATAT initiative. This included signing of
a Cooperation Agreement by Oil and Gas majors including IndianOil, HPCL, BPCL, GAIL and IGL, for the promotion
and development of the SATAT. SATAT:- Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation scheme.
· Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced a number of welfare measures for children who lost their parents to
COVID-19. All children who have lost either both parents or surviving parents or legal guardians or adoptive
parents due to COVID19 will be supported under PM-CARES for Children scheme.
· Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO), which sets standards for the Indian Railway Sector, has
become the irst standards body in the country to join the 'One Nation, One Standard' scheme of the central
government. The RDSO, the sole R&D wing of the Railways Ministry, has now been recognised as a 'Standard
Developing Organisation' by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), for a three years period.
June
2021 Days &
Dates
· Every year, on 31st May, the World Health Organization (WHO) and global partners celebrate World No Tobacco Day
(WNTD). The annual campaign is an opportunity to raise awareness on the harmful and deadly effects of tobacco use
and second-hand smoke exposure, and to discourage the use of tobacco in any form. This year theme of the 2021
WNTD is “Commit to quit.”
· United Nations celebrates Global Day of Parents on the 1st of June every year to honour all the parents throughout
the world.
· The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations celebrates World Milk Day every year on 01st June to
recognize the importance of milk as a global food, and to celebrate the dairy sector. This year, our theme
will focus on Sustainability in the dairy sector with messages around the environment, nutrition and socio-
economics. In doing so we will re- introduce dairy farming to the world.
· United Nations celebrates World Bicycle Day every year on 3rd June to advance the use of the bicycle as a
means of fostering sustainable development.
· International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression is observed globally on 4th June every year. This
day af irms the UN's commitment to guard the rights of children.
· International Day for the Fight against Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing is organized every year on 5th
June. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), illegal, unreported and unregulated ishing
activities are responsible for the loss of 11–26 million tonnes of ish each year, which is estimated to have an
economic value of US$10–23 billion.
· World Food Safety Day is observed on 7th June globally. The aim of the day is to raise awareness about different
foodborne risks and the measures of how to prevent it.
· The UN Russian Language Day is observed annually on 06 June. It is one of the six of icial languages used by the
United Nations throughout the Organization. The day was established by the United Nations Educational, Scienti ic
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2010.
· Every year, World Pest Day (also sometimes called World Pest Awareness Day) is observed on 06 June.
· World Ocean Day is observed globally on 8th June every year. This day is observed to raise global awareness about
the importance of the ocean in our lives and the ways through which we can protect it.
· World Accreditation Day (WAD) is celebrated every year on 9 June to promote the role of accreditation in trade & the
economy. The theme for WAD 2021 is “Accreditation: Supporting the Implementation of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)”.
· World Day Against Child Labour is observed globally on 12th June every year. According to the International Labour
Organization (ILO), there are about 152 million children globally who are engaged in child labour, 72 million of
whom are in hazardous work. The theme of this year's World Day Against Child Labour is Act now: End child labour!.
May
2021 Days &
Dates
· World blood donor day is observed globally on June 14th every year. For 2021, the World Blood Donor Day slogan
will be “Give blood and keep the world beating”. The host country for World Blood Donor Day 2021 is Rome, Italy.
· World Elder Abuse Awareness Day is observed globally on 15th June every year. This day is celebrated to raise a voice
for the elderly who are abused and victimized.
· The International Day of Family Remittances (IDFR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly and is
observed on 16 June. The IDFR recognizes the more than 200 million migrant workers, women and men, who send
money home to over 800 million family members.
· World Day to Combat Deserti ication and Drought is observed on 17th June every year. The day is celebrated to raise
awareness of the presence of deserti ication and drought, and highlight methods of preventing deserti ication and
recovering from drought. “Restoration. Land. Recovery. We build back better with healthy land” is the theme for
2021 World Day to Combat Deserti ication and Drought.
· Every year the Global Wind Day is celebrated worldwide on 15 June to spread awareness about wind energy, the
various uses of wind energy, and the ways and possibilities as to how wind energy can help change the world. Global
Wind Day was irst observed as Wind Day in 2007.
· Sustainable Gastronomy Day is observed on 18 June globally to focus the attention of the world on the role that
sustainable gastronomy plays in our lives. The day was designated by UN General Assembly on 21 December 2016.
· Every year, Autistic Pride Day is observed on June 18 globally to create awareness about autism among people and
recognise the importance of pride for autistic people and its role in bringing about positive changes in the broader
society.
· International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Con lict is observed globally on 19th June every year.
· The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) celebrates National Reading Day annually on 19 June. The Day is
celebrated to honour the father of the 'Library Movement in Kerala', the late P.N. Panicker, whose death anniversary
falls on June 19.
· World Refugee Day is observed every year on June 20 to respect and honour the courage and resilience of
refugees across the world. This year the theme for World Refugee Day is 'Together we heal, learn and shine'.
· International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice is observed globally on 21st June. This day bring awareness about
solstices and equinoxes and their signi icance for several religions and ethnic cultures.
· World Music Day is observed globally on 21st June every year. This day is celebrated to honour amateur and
professional musicians. World Music Day was founded by France's Minister of Culture, Jack Lang and also Maurice
Fleuret, a French composer, music journalist, radio producer, arts administrator, and festival organiser, on the day of
the summer solstice in Paris in 1982.
· World Humanist Day is celebrated every year around the world on the June solstice, which usually falls on June 21.
The day aims to spread awareness of Humanism as a philosophical life stance and means to effect change in the
world.
· Every year the World Hydrography Day is observed on 21 June to make the public aware of hydrography and the
essential role that it plays in everyone's life. The theme for 2021 WHD is “One hundred years of international
cooperation in hydrography”.
June
2021 Days &
Dates
· United Nations Public Service Day is observed globally on 23rd June every year. This day is to highlight the
contribution of public service in the development process and to value public service to the community. This year
theme: “Innovating the Future Public Service: New Government Models for a New Era to Reach the SDGs”.
· The International Olympic Day is held on June 23 each year. The day is celebrated to encourage more people to
participate in the Olympic Games and spread awareness about the event and promote the Olympic Movement. The
Olympic Day 2021 theme is “Stay healthy, stay strong, stay active with the #OlympicDay workout on 23 June.”
· International Widows Day is observed globally on 23rd June every year. The day is widely known to draw attention
to the voices and experiences of widows and to galvanize the unique support that they have.
· World Vitiligo Day is observed on June 25 to build global awareness about vitiligo. Vitiligo is a skin disorder leading
to loss of colour in the skin creating a variety of patterns on the skin from loss of pigment.
· The International Maritime Organization (IMO) celebrates the annual Day of the Seafarer (DoS) on June 25 each
year to pay respect to Seafarers and sailors who help the entire world function by conducting sea transport. The
theme of the 2021 campaign is “Seafarers: at the core of shipping's future”.
· International Day in Support of Victims of Torture is observed on 26th June every year. This day is observed by the
United Nations to raise awareness among the people about human torture that it is not only unacceptable but it is
also a crime.
· International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Traf icking is observed globally on 26th June every year. The theme
of International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Traf icking 2021 is “Share Facts On Drugs, Save Lives”.
· The United Nations Micro, Small and Medium- sized Enterprises Day is held on June 27 since 2017 to celebrate the
work of MSME in local and global economies and their contribution to sustainable development. In 2021, the
theme is "MSME 2021: key to an inclusive and sustainable recovery."
· The United Nations observe 29 June as International Day of the Tropics. The International Day of the Tropics
celebrates the extraordinary diversity of the tropics while highlighting unique challenges and opportunities nations
of the Tropics face.
· The government of India is celebrated National Statistics day on 29th June on the birth anniversary of Prof. P C
Mahalanobis. End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture
(Sustainable Development Goal or SDG 2 of the UN) is the theme of this year's National Statistics Day.
· 74th World Health Assembly endorsed a decision recognizing 30 January as World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day
('World NTD Day').
· International Asteroid Day is observed globally on 30th June every year. International Asteroid Day aims to raise
public awareness about the asteroid impact hazard and to inform the public about the crisis communication actions
to be taken at the global level in case of a credible near-Earth object threat.
· International Day of Parliamentarism is observed globally on 30 June every year. The International Day of
Parliamentarism is a time to review the progress that parliaments have made in achieving some key goals to be more
representative and move with the times, including carrying out self-assessments, working to include more women
and young MPs, and adapting to new technologies.
June
2021 Books &
Authors
· A book titled “Languages of Truth: Essays 2003- 2020” authored by Salman Rushdie. In his new book, Rushdie
attempts to perform a defensive castling move. He suggests his work has been misunderstood and mistreated
because the literary culture has turned from brio- illed imaginative writing toward the humbler delights of
“auto iction,” as exempli ied by the work of Elena Ferrante and Karl Ove Knausgaard.
· Cricket all-rounder, commentator and coach, Ravi Shastri is now making his publishing debut, as he has penned a
book titled 'Stargazing: The Players in My Life'. The book is being published by HarperCollins India. It is been co-
authored by Ayaz Memon. It is expected to be released on June 25, 2021. In the book, Shastri has written about some
60 extraordinary talents he has met from across the world who have inspired him.
· Decorated historian and author Vikram Sampath has come out with the second and concluding volume of the book
on the life and works of Veer Savarkar titled “Savarkar: A contested Legacy (1924-1966)”. The book will hit the stands
on July 26, 2021, under the publication of Penguin Random House India.
· A new book titled '1232 km: The Long Journey Home' by ilmmaker Vinod Kapri chronicles the journey of seven
migrant workers from Bihar, who journeyed back home on their bicycles and reached their destination after seven
days. The book is published by Harper Collins. The nationwide lockdown in March 2020 forced thousands of migrant
workers to return to their native villages by covering thousands of kilometres on foot.
· One of the world's leading public intellectuals of our time, Nobel laureate Amartya Sen has penned his memoir 'Home
in the World'. The book will be published in July by Penguin Random House. In this book, Sen shares how it was
Rabindranath Tagore who gave him his name Amartya. He also reminisces the conversations at Calcutta's famous
Coffee House and at Cambridge, and Marx's, Keynes' and Arrow's ideas all of which shaped his views.
· Former Indian batsman, Suresh Raina has released his autobiography 'Believe – What Life and Cricket Taught Me'.
The book is co-authored by Bharat Sundaresan, Suresh Raina narrated the journey he has had for India and the
golden word (Believe) from Sachin Tendulkar that he etched on his arm as a tattoo.
· Jnanpith Awardee and renowned author Amitav Ghosh's authored a book titled, 'The Nutmeg's Curse: Parables for a
Planet in Crisis'. It is published by John Murray. The book talks about the history of the in luence of colonialism on the
world today, through the story of the nutmeg.
· Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik released a book of poems 'Beyond Here and Other Poems' written by senior
bureaucrat Bishnupada Sethi. It is a collection of 61 poems that are a re lection of a spectrum of experiences of life,
perception of death and philosophical contemplation.
· Filmmaker-writer Tahira Kashyap Khurrana has announced her upcoming book about motherhood, titled “The 7
Sins of Being A Mother”.
· Theatre personality Arvind Gaur has released the book 'Habba Khatoon' written by Kajal Suri. The book 'Habba
Khatoon' was Published by Sanjana Prakashan. Habba Khatoon, also known by the honorary title 'The Nightingale of
Kashmir', was a Kashmiri poet and ascetic. She was the wife of Yousuf Shah Chak, the last Emperor of Kashmir.
June
2021 Books &
Authors
· Actor Will Smith, who revealed the title and cover of his upcoming autobiography “Will”. The book, to be published
Nov. 9 by Penguin Press. Will Smith is co-writing the book with author Mark Manson, and the cover is designed by
New Orleans artist Brandan “BMike” Odums. Smith will also narrate the audiobook of Will from Penguin Random
House Audio.
· Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan has unveiled Krishna Saksena's book “My Joys and Sorrows – as a Mother of a
Special Child”. It is the epitome of the bravery and endurance of a mother, in the best tradition of Indian motherhood.
· Indian British author Ruskin Bond has authored a new book titled 'It's a Wonderful Life' is published by Aleph Book
Company. The book is written in a perceptive, uplifting, deeply moving, and non- ictional way. He is a recipient of
Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan. His First Novel was the Room on the Roof'.
· Journalist Sundeep Mishra's book titled 'Fiercely Female: The Dutee Chand Story' chronicles Chand's journey with a
detailed narrative of the gender-identity controversy that made her an iconic igure in Indian sport.
· A book titled "Kashmiri Century: Portrait of a Society in Flux" authored by Khemlata Wakhlu. She is a writer, a political
leader and a social worker, who has devoted the past ifty years to using her many talents to improve a lot of the
people of Jammu and Kashmir.
· A book titled "Policymaker's Journal: From New Delhi to Washington, DC" authored by Kaushik Basu released soon.
· Chief Justice of India Justice NV Ramana has released former Supreme Court judge RV Raveendran's book "Anomalies
in Law and Justice".
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June
2021
Miscellaneous
· The UAE government awarded Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt with its Golden Visa. The Golden Visa system
essentially offers long-term residency to people with outstanding talents. In 2019, UAE implemented a new
system for long-term residence visas enabling foreigners to live, work & study there without the need of a
national sponsor & with 100% ownership of their business.
· Mount Nyiragongo erupted in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mount Nyiragongo is one of several
volcanoes near the DRC's border with Rwanda and Uganda. Its last major eruption, in 2002, killed 250
people and displaced thousands. Nyiragongo and nearby Nyamuragira are together responsible for 40 per
cent of Africa's historical volcanic eruptions. Mount Nyiragongo is located inside Virunga National Park.
· Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) has introduced the world's irst Nano Urea Liquid for
farmers across the world.
· According to an of icial statement issued by IFFCO, the world's irst Nano Urea Liquid was introduced in its
50th annual general body meeting held in the online-of line mode in India.
· The irst Asia Paci ic Public Sector Cyber Security Executive Council has been launched by Microsoft. It
consists of policymakers and in luencers from Brunei, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore
and Thailand. The council aims to accelerate public- private partnerships in cybersecurity and share threat
intelligence.
· HeidelbergCement, the world's second-largest cement maker, plans to turn its Swedish factory in Slite into
the world's irst CO2-neutral cement plant by 2030 via carbon capture technology. Following the planned
retro it, which will cost at least 100 million euros ($122 million), the plant will be able to capture up to 1.8
million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year.
· The Kempegowda International Airport here has achieved net energy neutral status in the Financial Year
2020-21 as part of its sustainability goals. Bengaluru international airport (BIAL) has been able to save nearly
22 lakh units of energy in the Financial Year 2020-21, enough to power nearly 9,000 houses for a month.
· The Times 50 Most Desirable Women 2020 list has been unveiled, and it features women under 40 across
various ields. Rhea Chakraborty has bagged the number 1 spot on Times Most Desirable Women 2020 list.
She was in the news for most of last year due to the sudden demise of Sushant Singh Rajput and the
controversy around his death. Miss Universe 2020, 3rd runner-up Adline Castelino bagged the second spot in
the list. Actress Disha Patani, Kiara Advani and Deepika Padukone were on the third, fourth and ifth spot
respectively.
· State-owned hydro power giant NHPC has incorporated a joint venture irm Ratle Hydroelectric Power
Corporation Ltd for implementing 850 MW Ratle project in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
· Weyan, a village in district Bandipora (J&K) has become the irst village in the country, where the entire
population above 18 years has been vaccinated. The vaccination in Weyan village was covered under the J&K
model, a 10-point strategy to inoculate everyone who is eligible for the shots at a faster pace.
June
2021 Miscellaneous
· Social media giant Facebook has launched a new initiative 'Report it, Don't share it!' that encourages people to
report child abuse content on its platforms and not to share it. The initiative 'Report it, don't share it' is in
collaboration with civil society organisations like Aarambh India Initiative, Cyber Peace Foundation and
Arpan.
· Stockholm International Peace Research Institute(SIPRI) has released the SIPRI Yearbook 2021. The report
assesses the current state of armaments, disarmament and international security. China is in the middle of
signi icant modernisation and expansion of its nuclear weapon inventory, and India and Pakistan also appear
to be expanding their nuclear arsenals.
· Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal launched the 'Jahan Vote, Wahan Vaccination' campaign, with the aim to
vaccinate all people above 45 years against COVID-19 in Delhi within the next four weeks. There are around
57 lakhs people above 45 years in Delhi. Among them, 27 lakhs have been administered the irst dose. The rest
30 lakh people still remain to be vaccinated with the irst dose.
· A week-long Indian mango promotion programme began in Bahrain. Where 16 varieties of the fruit including
three Geographical Indications (GI) certi ied Khirsapati & Lakshmanbhog (West Bengal), Zardalu (Bihar) are
being displayed.
· A 1,098-carat diamond has been discovered in Botswana, by Debswana Diamond Company, a joint
venture between the government of Botswana and the South African diamond company De Beers. The newly
discovered diamond is believed to be the third-largest gem-quality stone ever to be mined in the world.
· The Delhi government appointed former Olympic medalist weightlifter Karnam Malleswari as the irst
Vice-Chancellor of Delhi Sports University. She is the irst Indian woman weightlifter to bring
home an Olympic medal. She created history at the Sydney Olympics in 2000 by lifting 110 kilograms and 130
kilograms in the 'snatch' and 'clean and jerk' categories. She has also been awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel
Ratna Award, Arjuna Award and Padma Shri.
· Delhi government has launched “Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana” to provide
inancial assistance to the families who lost a member due to the Covid-19 pandemic. According to
noti ication by Social Welfare Department, Rs 50,000 ex-gratia will be provided to every family that has lost a
member amid a pandemic. A pension of Rs 2,500 per month would also be given to those families that lost the
sole breadwinner to the Covid-19 pandemic.
· The Election Commission of India e-launched the 'Atlas on General Elections 2019'. The Atlas encompasses all
the data and statistical igures of this monumental event. It includes 42 thematic maps and 90 tables
depicting various facets of the elections.
· The Government of China of icially turned on the irst two generating units of the Baihetan Dam, the world's
second-biggest hydroelectric dam, to start generating energy. The Baihetan Dam is set up on the Jinsha River,
in southwestern China.

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Russia, UK spar over Black Sea

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PROJECT O2 for INDIA

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Kerala's Silverline Project

Government ban on 'speci ic' lash sales on e-commerce

Integrated Power Development Scheme

UN General Assembly Resolution on Myanmar

– both sticking points in India's Myanmar policy.

60th Anniversary Antarctic Treaty

Red tourism of China

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Economic Community of West African

EAGLE Act, 2021

UN CEO's Water mandate

India joins UN ECOSOC

c Since 2014, this is the second time PM Modi participated in a G7 meeting.

WHO High-Level Coalition on Health and Energy

clean and sustainable energy to protect health.

all were derived from the Atlantic Charter.

Global liveability index, 2021

Stability, Healthcare, Culture and environment, Education and Infrastructure.

NATO summit, 2021

P O D Join https://t.me/clatImpStuff for more.

SIPRI yearbook, 2021

Bushehr nuclear plant

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB)

legislative changes, issues related to (re)negotiations, international tax treaties, or litigation.

Green Hydrogen summit

Information Fusion Centre for Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR)

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Russia, UK spar over Black Sea

Pakistan to remain on FATF grey list

c As of 2020, North Korea and Iran are on the FATF blacklist.

EU's 'Green pass'

Southern ocean as 5th of icial ocean

c The organization sponsors and funds scienti ic research and exploration.

ADI PRASHIKSHAN Portal

Digital news report, 2021

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Task force for Mission Karmayogi

AIR AIR AIR

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Process of Recusal of Judges

Draft Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Delimitation in Jammu and Kashmir

Draft Rules on E-commerce

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Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

Enforcing Contracts portal

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EU's Generalised Scheme of Preferences

Chennai- Kanyakumari Industrial corridor

About Industrial corridors

10. Odisha Economic Corridor (OEC);

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Complete Study Material Based on

www.lawpreptutorial.com B-61, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur

Antarctic treaty turned 60 years old

4th Tiger Reserve of Rajasthan

Great Barrier Reef's heritage status

World's 1st GM rubber