Pluralism

 It is the philosophical theory that there is more than one basic substance or principle,
whether it is the constitution of the universe, of the mind and body, the sources of
truth, or the basis of morality.

Moral Pluralism (Ethical Pluralism/Value Pluralism)

 Is the idea that there can be conflicting moral views that are each worthy of respect. It
thus implies that there are some values which may be equally correct and
fundamental, and yet in conflict with each other.

1. Globalization
 Defined as the world-wide integration of government policies, cultures, social
movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas. The
British sociologist Anthony Giddens defines it as intensification of worldwide
relationships which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are
shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.

Some Problems with Globalization

a. Globalization uses up finite resources more quickly
b. Globalization increases world carbon dioxide emission
c. Globalization makes it virtually impossible for regulators in one country to foresee the
worldwide implications of their actions
d. Globalization acts to increase world oil price
e. Globalization transfers consumption of limited oil supply from developed countries to
developing countries
f. Globalization transfers jobs from developed countries to less developed countries
g. Globalization transfers investment spending from developed countries to less developed
countries
h. With the dollar as the world’s reserve currency, globalization leads to huge US balance of
trade deficits and other imbalances
i. Globalization tends to move taxation away from corporations, and onto individual
citizens.
j. Globalization sets up a currency “race to the bottom,” with each country trying to get an
export advantage by dropping the value of its currency.
k. Globalization encourages dependence on other countries essential goods and services
l. Globalization ties countries together, so that if one country collapses, the collapse is
likely to ripple through the system, pulling many other countries with it.