Science and Technology Development in the World Aim High! At the end of this lesson, you can: + write an essay about the impact of science and technology on the society and environment; and * design a graphic organizer featuring the different inventions and discoveries that changed the world over the course of history. AQ vem What is the focus of the people during ancient times? The people during ancient times focused on: Transportation and navigation, Communication and record-keeping, Mass production. Security and protection, as well as Health, aesthetics ond architecture Transportation was significant during that time because of the following reasons: people were trying to go to places and discover new horizons * search for food * search for a better location for settiements * trading of surplus goods for things people lack Communication and record-keeping were also essential in ancient people's endeavor to: discover and occupy new places facilitate trade and prevent a possible conflict * remember the places visited * document the trade done Security and protection were taken into consideration during this time through the development of weapons and armors to: * establish new alliances with other people met with different culture and orientation * protect their selves from stronger nations which tend to invade weaker ones to take the resourcesEngineering is another field which wos also ventured by the ancient people to integrate their needs for: * establishment of protective structures from human attacks and natural disasters * better transportation, and * construction of bigger and stronger infrastructures Health, aesthetics, and architecture were also deve oped during ancient fime because the people were not contented on the beautification of infrasiructures and surroundings but also abie to prolong life with the large scale manufacturing of food and headway of clinical innovation. What are the significant technological advancements during the ancient times? Here are the different significant technologi including some of the achievements of the early ci * Sumerians Babylonians Egyptians Greeks Romans and Chinese | advancements during the ancient times, lizations such as: ‘Sumerian Inventions Sumerians, known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things, pushed them to develop many things like the followin a. Cuneiform-. The first writing system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbo's which are curved on clay using wedge instruments and left to dry. It allowed the Sumerians to keep records of things with great historical value to them. b. Uruk City. It is a great wonder not only because it is considered to be the first city in the world but also for the way it was erected. It was built using mud or clay only from the river. c. The Great Ziggurat of Ur. This is also called the mountain of God. It served as a sacred place of the Sumerians’ chief God where only their priest was allowed to enter. d, Itigation and Dikes. These were created to bring water to farmlands and as well as to control the fooding of the rivers. These enabled Sumerians to enjoy year-long farming and harvesting; thus, increasing food production.@. Sailboats. Sailboats were essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and technology. f. Wheel. The first wheels were not made for transportation but farm work and food processes. g. The Plow. It was invented fo dig the soil at a faster pace. With this tool, farmers could cultivate larger parcels of and faster, resulting in mass production of food with \ess time and effort. Babylonian Inventions Babylonians were considered great builders, engineers, and architects. One of the significant contributions of Babylonians is featured below. * Hanging Garden of Babylon. It is one of the world’s greatest achievements in the field of engineering and architecture. Want to know about its legendary origin? Please follow this link (hitps:/www.ancient- origins neVnews-history-archaeology/hanging-gardens- babylon-001060) Egyptian Inventions The Egyptians’ engineering feats were told in many stories, especially the infrastructures established by the pharaohs. Besides designing innovation, they additionally have contributed other practical things that the world currently considers as fundamental. Coming up next are some of the Egyptians’ accomplishments: a. Paper or Papytus. The major accomplishment in Egyptian record-keeping and communications. It is a thin sheet produced by processing the papyrus plan b. Ink. It was invented by the Egyptians by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. It was used to record history, culture, and codified |aws.c. Hieroglyphics. It is a system of writing using symbos developed by Egyptians of which they be ieved that it was provided to them by gods. ¢. Wig. Another cosmetic invention of ancient Egyptians which was wor for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purpose. Greek Inventions d. Cosmetics. The cosmetics were invented by the Egyptians for two purposes- heaith and aesthetics. Kohl is wom by Egyptians to prevent and even cure eye diseases whie make-up serves as protection from evil based on their belief. Tipe acer nth arent f. Water Clock. The water clock was widely used as a timekeeping device during ancient time. It utiizes gravity that affects the fiow of water from one vessel to the other. The Greeks’ major achievements include in-depth works on philosophy and mathematics. They have given many contrioutions to the world in the field of science and technology. @. Alarm Clock. it is one of the most utiized gadgets today that was invented by the ancient Greeks. It utilized large, complicated mechanisms to time the alarm and made use of water that dropped into drums, which sounded the alarm. i) @ © sic cit catn Roman Inventions b. Water Mill, It is seen as one of the most significant contributions of Greeks to the world. They were commonly utilized in farming processes like milling of grains, which was a fundamental type of food preparation during that time. It expands the production of rice, cereals, and flour.The Roman Empire was considered the most grounded political and socia! substance in the west. It was viewed as the support of governmental issues and administration during that period. Beside their commitments in governmental issues, a great deal of revelations developments stil significant today can be ascribed to the Roman Empire. @. Newspaper. The fist newspaper, known as gazettes, contained announcements of the Roman Empire fo the people. b, Bound Books or Codex. it is a stack of papyrus pages bound together and covered by animal skin, which contained records and documentation of historical events and newly legisiated laws of the Roman Empire. cc. Roman Architecture. The Roman architecture wos considered a continuation of Greek architecture, hence the resemblance. However, it was stil regarded as pioneering since their new building and engineering technology was adapted on architectura’ designs established in the past. d. Roman Numerals. The number system devised by the Romans to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns. Chinese Inventions Chinese civilization is the oldest civilization in Asia. It is also known as the middle kingdom. China is located in the far east of Asia. @. Silk. It is one of the things that connected Far East China to the world. Its trade opened China to the outside worid, making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges: thus, bridging the gap between the westem world and the middie kingdom. Tea Production, Tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea eaves. The tea production developed by the ancient Chinese may have resulted in making tea as one of the most popular beverages today.the most expensive infrastructure that the China built. | was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and contro! the borders of China. b, Gunpowder. Gunpowder is one of the most interesting inventions in China because it was accidentally invented by A : the Chinese when they mixed charcoal, £3 = 3) I sulfur, and potassium nitrate. Pei dhdietdinarwsoenlt What are the inventions made during the middle of medieval times? Medieval/ Middle Ages The middle age was marred by massive migrations and invasions when wars were widespread in such period. During this period, great technology was needed in the fields of weaponry, navigation, mass food and farm production, and health a. Printing Press. According jo Streissguth 1997, the printing press was invented by Johann Gutenberg. it was invented to address the need for publishing books that would spread information to many people at a faster rate. b. Microscope. The microscope is a device that magnifies things that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It enabled peopee to observe very tiny organisms. psa cercehatamabotct pe ¢. Telescope. The telescope is an optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects. d. War Weapons. The development of war weapons also occurred during the middie ages. The weapons were developed not only for offensive but also for defensive purposes. i ns conhor en ase What are the scientific and technological developments during the modern times? Modern TimesThe fast increase in the world's population during the nineteenth century demanded more foods, well- improved food processing and medicine, efficient means of transportation, upgraded machines as well as fast and effective means of communication. Below are the inventions and discoveries made during modem times: @. Pasteurization. This is a process of heating dairy products that would kil the harmful microbes, which cause spoilage. This was invented by a French biologist, microbiologist, and Chemist named Louis +r Pasteur. atacuet AP FSS expan compasausit ae b. Petroleum Refinery. Skrabec, 2010 cited that the petroleum refinery industry was established through the development of kerosene, which was invented by Samuel M. Kier. ¢. Telephone. The telephone was one of the most important inventions during modem times. It was developed by Alexander Graham Bell, which benefits both the people and the government in ensuring an easy and effective communication system d. Calculator. The creation of modem calculators didn't just prepare for simper number-crunching figuring, yet additionally brought about the improvement of increasingly complex handling machines like the computer.Do these! G. Activity 1. ESSAY Directions: Search for one great achievement in any of the given time period (ancient, middie, and modern) aside from those mentioned in the module, print a picture of your chosen achievement and paste it in a sheet of paper (Long bond paper). Then, write an essay about how the chosen invention impacted the people and the society during that time period it was made. See Appendix B.1 for the rubric. Name: Date Submitted: Year & Section: Unit & Lesson: Attached pictureActivity 2. Design. me Directions: Design @ graphic organizer featuring the different inventions/ discoveries during ancient times, medieval times, and modem times. Write a brief description of each invention. Use a separate sheet of paper for your output. (Long bond paper).A sample of graphic organizer design is given below as your guide. Please see appendix B.2 for the rubrics. Date Submitted: Unit & Lesson: Ancient Times . . Sumerians Babylonians > Egyptians Greeks > Romans > Chinese . . Medieval Times ( Modem Times . .8.1. Essay Writing Rubric Rubric for Assessment of an Essay (maximum of 15 points ) [ 3 2 7 e INTRODUCTION el-developed invoduction)niroduction creates Iniraduction ‘ackgyound details rackgroundiHistery engages the recder and nterest. Sufficient adequately explains _ fare o random casttement”” Eteiesnret contre bockoreune fne background, bul_ follction of ONCLUSION jetailed background ——_|ntorreation i (ay lack deta. Thesis fntormation, information. Thesis clearly provided. Thesis cleorly states the postion or unclear, or not totes ¢signicont ond nor elit elated to the topic. -ompeling postion or onciusion s sisi vague or pootet. ‘oncluson effectively feccgnizable and ties. unclear. [Conciusion effectively wrapssummarizes topics. yp cimostallioose Conclusion does ip ond goes beyond lends. ‘ot summarize main estcting the thesis ints ‘IN POINTS Ihe mcin iceoorathess [ihe main idea canbe The main ideo can be More than one of ‘ody Paragraphs —_—iiclements clearly defined. jdentifed. The wiler Identified. The writer he following [here may 86 mace than hares relevant ores some foblems may be nlormation, tacts and jnformation, fects end evident: The main kexpetiences. Thete is alexperiences, but moy jdea snot ear distinction how problems going fdentiicble. The between general from general ter shores some forervations anc bbservetions to formation, But is peciics. Supporting fpecifics. stronger _firited or unciecr. jetals are relevant Guppcri one greater Details are missing nd explain the main fatienticn to cetols _forrepetitious dea. ould strengthen this per ORGANIZATION ‘ogicel progression of eos Logical progression of Organiofion sclecr._ No dicemable Structure ith @ Clear structure thot jdeas. Transitions are _[fransifions are present. organization. Transi ransitions sihonces the resent equally iors ore nol esis. Tron hroughout essay. resent. Connectio ‘lure and gracelul s between ideas je0m contusing oF Jncomplete. ne je popershonesi ond |Wlers voice ers voice may pling is confusing, iter’ Voice, thusiastic. The language is}s consistent and ‘emerge strongly on hard to |Audience Aworeness, jatural yet thought. trong. The writeris _loceasion, then retreat falow. Language is ‘ovoking. I brings the topic aware of cn aucience.behing general, vague. No jolie. he reader feelsc fhe recderisinformec aque, tentative, or faudience ong sense of interaction and remains engegec. pbskac! lenguage. awareness. No ih the writer and senses entences have varies The wrteris aware ot variety in sentence eperscn behind ine bucture noudience. The iructur. cs jeder isinformed, but ing s smooth, skilful, and vst work at herent. Sentences cre remaining engoged rong ond expressive with ‘entence structure vied sructure hows some variety. \ECHANICS ‘unctuation. spaling, Punctuation, speling, A few errors in istracting eros in ling, punctuation, capitalization cre -apitaization ore inctuation,speling, punctuation, eopitatzation sonect. No errors. fgenerally corect, with Eopitalzation. (3-4) koeling, fc few emer. 1-2} Ecpitatzotion Inlroduction/Conciusior Main Points ‘Organization Style: Mechanics fot PointsB.2. Graphic Organizer Rubric 4 3 2 Sequence of ‘Sequence of | Sequence of Sequence of information is information is | information is information is logical, well logicalend | somewhat dificult to ordered, ond easy to follow. | cisorganized. The follow. The. interesting The sequence | sequence sequence of The sequence of the graphic _| of the grophic the graphic of the graphic organizer orgenizer is ‘organizer is organizer mokes sense. | hard te follow at unclear. makes sense. times. Each Each Most The amencment is amendment is ‘omendments omendments complete, complete, are complete & are not explained well explained well expleines. The complete. the and translated ond transicted student hos student has inthe inthe some Gifficuities student's own student's own aifficutties understanding words. The: words. The explaining the the student student ‘amendments in omendments demonstrates demonstrates her/his own. cane exploining ful good words. them in her/his, understanging understanding own words, of each of each omendment, comendment. Work has no Work has one Work hos three Work has four spelling errors or two spetiing spelling errors or more and/or errors anc/or ‘and/or spelling errors gtommaticel grammatical grammatical and/or errors. errors, errors. gremmatical errors. Graphic Graphic No more than Design of ‘Organizer is Organizer is three or four grophic ottractive, ottractive, graphic organizer is uniform and uniform and improvements sloppy. well designed welldesignec. are needed. Mojor The organizer No mote than Consultation provements has balance ‘one or two with teacher ore needed. ‘ond uses up graphic could have all space improvements been useful. available. The ore needed. fonts used are easy to read, > Deadline of submission is on or before September 1, 2021 > Pls. follow the format given above.