TOPICS
Competition among developing countries
 Globalization vis-à-vis Mcdonaldization of
Business World
 ASEAN Integration
 International Trade
 Womeconomics: Women and the Economy
 Climate Change and the Poor
GLOBALIZATION
The integration of industry, commerce,
communication, travel, and culture among the
world’s nations
POLARIZED POSITIONS
 Those who support globalization focus on
the improvements to general
standards of living that it brings.
 Those who oppose it express concerns
about its impacts on the environment,
unionized workers, and the poor.
POSITIVE EFFECTS TO DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
1. It creates greater opportunities for firms in
less industrialized countries to tap into
more and larger markets around the
world.
2. It allows businesses in less industrialized
countries to become part of international
production.
3. It provides advanced telecommunications
and the internet.
4. It provides new technologies for the
environment.
5. Transnational corporations aid less
industrialized countries.
GLOBALIZATION AND PROGRESS
(PRODUCTIVITY OF RESOURCES
[STANDARD OF LIVING])
Globalized Economies, 2007
1. Singapore
2. Hong Kong
3. Netherlands
4. Switzerland
5. Ireland
6. Denmark
7. United States
8. Canada
9. Jordan
10. Estonia
11. Sweden
12. United Kingdom
GLOBALIZATION, POVERTY, AND
INEQUALITY
1. The growth of international trade is
aggravating income inequalities.
2. Global commerce is increasingly
dominated by transnational corporations.
3. Protectionist policies in industrialized
countries prevent many producers in
developing countries from accessing
export markets.
4. The volume and volatility of capital flows
increases the risk of banking and currency
crises, especially in countries with weak
financial institutions.
5.
to attract foreign investment leads to a
“race to the bottom” in which countries
dangerously lower environmental
standards.
Understanding UNEMPLOYMENT
C. Wright Mills – an American Sociologist, offers a
useful distinction between “personal troubles”
and “public issues”
“When, in a city of 100, 000, only one man is
unemployed that is his personal trouble, and for
its relief we properly look to the character of the
man, his skills, and immediate opportunities. But
in a nation of 50 million, 15 million are
unemployed, that is an issue, and we may not
hope to find solution within the range of
opportunities open to individual.”
- Our personal problem can be a public issue -- we
are not the only person who is experiencing it
UNDERDEVELOPMENT + INEQUALITY =
POVERTY
According to Prof. David, we are dealing with two
realities:
1. The reality of economic underdevelopment
2. The reality of inequality
PROSPERITY WITHOUT GROWTH
“The political system gives the poor their political
rights and freedoms, but their economic
vulnerability prevents them from meaningfully
using these rights. What happens then is that
they use these rights mainly to secure short-term technology to reduce or replace human Thailand
economic benefits, rather than to shape basic employees wherever possible.
A REGIONAL GROUPING THAT PROMOTES
economic policy.” – (David, 2017, p70)
ASEAN Integration ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SECURITY
Globalization Vis-À-Vis Mcdonaldization COOPERATION AMONG ITS TEN MEMBERS:
(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
MCDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY Brunei (1984)
SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS
George Ritzer (1993) Cambodia (1999)
Brunei
 This “occurs when society, its institutions, Indonesia
Cambodia
and its organizations are adapted to have
Laos (1997)
the same characteristics that are found in East Timor
fast-food chains” Malaysia
Indonesia
MCDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY Myanmar (1997)
Laos
Efficiency entails a managerial focus on The Philippines
Malaysia
minimizing the time required to complete
Singapore
individual tasks as well as that required to Myanmar
complete the whole operation or process of Thailand
Singapore
production and distribution.
Vietnam (1995)
Thailand
Calculability is a focus on quantifiable
OBJECTIVES
objectives (counting things) rather than Vietnam
subjective one (evaluation of quality). 1. To accelerate the economic growth, social
Philippines
progress and cultural development in the
Predictability and standardization are found
ONE VISION, ONE IDENTITY, ONE region through joint endeavors in the spirit
in repetitive and routinized production or service
COMMUNITY of equality and partnership in order to
delivery processes and in the consistent output of
strengthen the foundation for a
products or experiences that are identical or ASEAN was established on August 8, 1967 in
prosperous and peaceful community of
close to it (predictability of the consumer Bangkok by the five original member countries:
Southeast Asia nations
experience).
Indonesia 2. To promote regional peace and stability
Control within McDonaldization is wielded by the through abiding respect for justice and the
Malaysia
management to ensure that workers appear and rules of law in the relationship among
act the same on a moment-to-moment and daily The Philippines countries in the region and adherence to
basis. It also refers to the use of robots and the principles of United Nations Charter
Singapore
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES: Comparative Advantage MERCHANDISE TRADE BALANCE
Mutual respect for the independence, A business or a country with the lowest X–M
sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and opportunity cost of producing a particular good
TRADE RESTRICTIONS AND NO
national identity of all nations; should specialize in that good
RESTRICTIONS
The right of every State to lead its national A country enjoys Comparative Advantage if
Trade Restrictions vs. No Restrictions
existence free from external interference, it has…
subversion, or coercion; Trade restrictions cause the value of international
 Superior resources
trade to grow
Non-interference in the internal affairs of one  Superior capital
another;  Superior Labor Trade Restrictions
Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful Economies of Scale 1. Quota
manner; 2. Tariff
The average cost of output declines as a firm
Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and expands its scale of production Quota
Effective cooperation among themselves. Differences in tastes A legal entity on the quantity of a particular
product that can be imported
Countries can gain from trade as long as tastes
differ across countries Tariff
ASEAN Community 2015: Managing Integration
for Better Jobs and Shared Prosperity PHILIPPINE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS A tax on import (tariff imposition harms
consumers and benefits producers)
- Asian Development Bank Exports in 2015
Some Trade Agreements
“The success of ASEAN regional integration will 1. Electronic equipment (US$ 26B)
depend on how this affects the labor market and 2. Machines, engines, pumps (US$ 8.2B) 1. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
quality of life of women and men in the region.” 3. Wood (US$ 2.9B) (GATT)
4. Medical, technical equipment (US% 2.4B) 2. World Trade Organization (WTO)
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
5. Ores, slag, ash (US$ 1.6B) 3. North American Free Trade Agreement
Reasons for Trade (NAFTA)
Imports in 2015
4. ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement
1. Comparative Advantage
1. Electronic equipment (US$ 19.8B) (ATIGA)
2. Economies of Scale
2. Oil (US$ 8.3B)
3. Differences in tastes General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
3. Machines, engines, pumps (US$ 8.2B)
(GATT)
4. Vehicles (US$ 4.9B)
5. Plastics (US$ 2.3B)
An international tariff-reduction treaty adopted in
1947 that resulted in a series of negotiated
Sexism and the social media
rounds aimed at freer trade
World Trade Organization (WTO)
The legal and institutional foundation of the
multilateral trading system that succeeded GATT
Damsel in distress
in 1995
North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
Signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United
States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North
America in 1994
ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)
Aims to achieve the free flow of goods in the
region resulting to less trade barriers and deeper
economic linkages among member states
WOMECONOMICS:
Women and the Economy
SEX AND GENDER DEFINED
Sex refers to the physiological and anatomical
characteristics of maleness and/or femaleness
- Penis: male
- Vagina: female
Gender refers to one’s psychological sense of
oneself
- Male; masculine
- Female: feminine
- Either/or Feminism Defined
“Feminism is a movement to end sexism, sexist
exploitation, and oppression”
- Women are like an animal whose always
following men Waves of Feminism
- Damsel in distress
1. First wave
2. Second wave
3. Third wave
- Her burgeoning sexuality is a threat to
another woman, so she’s killed. Her only First wave feminism
asset, physical beauty, is what saves her
Votes for Women
in the end.
- Betrothed at birth to solidify a political Second wave feminism
position, she is killed by another woman
“Personal is political!”
out of spite. Her owner…ahem…fiancé,
saves her with a kiss. Again, sex is her Burn-the-bra movement
only salvation.
Miss USA 1969 Rally
- This princess must get married to satisfy
the requirements of the law. Her Third wave feminism
reluctance to do so causes her powerful
Feminism is alive and kicking
father no end of trouble. She is enslaved
by a powerful man and is only saved by Lipstick feminism, girlie feminism, riot grrl
the wit of a street rat. feminism, cybergrrl feminism, transfeminism, just
- This one drastically changes her physical grrl feminism.
appearance so as to be more attractive to
“Yr a big grrrl now; you’ve got NO REASON NOT
man. The price is that she can’t speak. No
TO FIGHT!!!” – Bikini Kill
problem, she has nothing to value to say
anyhow. She is saved by a prince. “It’s possible to have a push-up bra and a brain
- Saves a prince’s life. With her only asset, at the same time.” - Pinkfloor
her sexuality.
- She is saved from terrible living conditions The Glass-ceiling
by a prince. He does this, not because An unofficially acknowledged barrier to
she’s such a hard worker, but because she advancement in a profession, especially affecting
is beautiful. women and members of minorities
Women in the Philippines?  More susceptible to climate change and in
housing that is less resistant;
FOR EVERY WOMEN (EXCERPT)
 Lose relatively more when affected;
By Nancy R. Smith, 1973  Have fewer resources to mitigate the
effects;
For every woman who is tired of acting weak
 Get less support from social safety nets or
when she knows she is strong, there is a man
the financial system to prevent or recover
who is tired of appearing strong when he feels
from the impact;
vulnerable.
 Their livelihoods and assets are more
For every woman who is tired of acting dumb, exposed;
there is a man who is burdened with the constant  More vulnerable to natural disasters that
expectation of “knowing everything.” bring disease, crop failure, spikes in food
prices, and death or disability
Foe every woman who is tired of being called “an
emotional female”, there is a man who is denied Source: Human Rights Council
the right to weep and to be gentle.
For every woman who is called unfeminine when
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BHxj58Zt
she competes, there is a man for whom
ddTGBvvoQiYfMQtUEw-nookL
competition is the only way to prove his
masculinity.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND INEQUALITY
 Increase in the exposure to climate It is exam time again. Wishing you all the best as
hazards we face our final examinations/requirements. Be
 Increase in the susceptibility to damage calm and have confidence in yourself and you’ll
caused by climate hazards be amazed at what wonders you can do. Good
 Decrease in the ability to cope with and luck. (Fighting!)
recover from the damage.
Source: Islam & Winkel (2017)
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE POOR’S
VULNERABILITY
PREPAREDNESS AND RECOVERY