Measures of Central Tendency

. Mean : Average of the score/ value

. Median : The middle score in the set of values
. Mode : Score which has the highest frequency

Measures of Variability

Variance - it is calculated by taking the average of the squared

deviations from the mean

Standard Deviation : Calculated as the square root of the variance

Range : Difference between the lowest and highest values

Formula for the Mean & Variance of Samples

Sample Mean :
-
x. = ∑x / n

Sample Variance :
-
s^2 = ∑(x - x)^2 / n-1

Relative Frequency Distribution

– Sample of n measurements drawn from the population

Probability Distribution
– Constructed as a model for entire population of measurement
3
n
2
µ = E(X) = ∑ xi P(xi)
1
i=1
X = Discrete Random Variable
P(X) = Probability Distribution
E(X) = expected Value

x P(x) xP(x)
0 0.12 0(0.12) = 0.00
1 0.13 1(0.13) = 0.13
2 0.24 2(0.24) = 0.48
3 0.39 3(0.39) = 1.17
4 0.07 4(0.07) = 0.28
5 0.05 5(0.05) = 0.25
µ = 2.31

Variance of a Random Variable

n
o^2 = E[(x-µ)^2] = ∑ (xi - µ)^2 P(xi)
i=1