“ates CONTEMPORARY WORLD LISANDRO E. CLAUDIO PATRICIO N. ABINALES Ee C & E Publishing, Inc.The Contempo it © 2018 by C & E Publishing, Inc., Lisandro Claudio, and Patricio Abinales ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication m: be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitte in any form, or by any means—electronic, mechanic photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the pri written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing-in-Publication Data IZ. Claudio, Lisandro E. a ‘The contemporary world / Lisandro E. Claudio and 2018 Patricio N. Abinales.—Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., ©2018. xii, 182 p.: ill. ; cm. Includes bibliography and index. ISBN: 978-971-98-0862-6 1. Globalization. 2. World Economics. I. Abinales, Patricio N. II. Title. Book and Cover Design: Lynzel S. NaguitUnit 1 1HON 1 sublication maj LESSON 2 or transmittes ic, mechanical thout the priol E. Claudio and & E Publishing, LESSON 3 cs. I, Abinales, Contents An Introductory Note to the Student ix The Relevance of this Course x This Book's Approach xi The Structures of Globalization 1 What is Globalization? 2 Global Experiences 5 Some Description 6 Globalization: A Working Definition 7 Conclusion: Globalization from the Ground Up 9 The Globalization of World Economics 12 International Trading Systems 13 The Bretton Woods System 16 Neoliberalism and Its Discontents 17 The Global Financial Crisis and the Challenge toNeoliberalism 19 Economic Globalization Today 22 Conclusion 24 A History of Global Politics: Creating an International Order 26 The Attributes of Today's Global System = 27 The Interstate System 30 Internationalism 31 Conclusion 37LESSON 4 LESSON 5 Unit 2 LESSON 6 LESSON 7 LESSON 8 The United Nations and Contempor; Unit 3 Global Governance 39 What is an International Organization? 40 The United Nations 42 Challenges of the United Nations 45 Conclusion 46 LESSON 9 A World of Regions 50 Countries, Regions, and Globalization 51 Non-State Regionalism 53 Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism 56 Conclusion 58 LESSON 10 A World of Ideas: Cultures of Globalization 61 The Globalization of Religion 62 Realities 65 Religion for and against Globalization 66 Conclusion 69 LESSON 11 Media and Globalization 72 Media and Its Functions 73 The Global Village and Cultural Imperialism 75 Critiques of Cultural Imperialism 77 Social Media and the Creation of Cyber Ghettoes 78 Conclusion 81 Mov and Globz The“Pe It's the Womer The Fer Popula Conclu Globs What i: Benefit Cou The Pre Integre Envi and | The W Man-n “Catch Climat Comb; Conch Conclusion: The The Global City 83 Endnotes 135 Why Study Global Cities? 34 Defining the Global City 85 Bibliography 1 Indicators for Globality 86 Index 172 The Challenges of Global Cities 89 The Global City and the Poor 91 Conclusion 93 About the Authtemporal {jnit3 © Movement Lg and Sustainability 95 iwsson9 Global Demography 96 The “Perils” of Overpopulation 98 It’s the Economy, Not the Babies! 101 Women and Reproductive Rights 102 The Feminist Perspective 104 Population Growth and Food Security 105 m 56 Conclusion 107 twason10 Global Migration 109 What is Migration? 109 Benefits and Detriments for the Sending 61 Countries 112 The Problem of Human Trafficking 114 62 Integration 115 \wsson11 Environmental Crisis and Sustainable Development 119 The World's Leading Environmental Problems 120 Man-made Pollution 122 "Catching Up" 125 m 75 Climate Change 127 Combating Global Warming 128 Conclusion 130 56, Conclusion: The Global Filipino 132 Endnotes 135 Bibliography 155 Index 172 About the AuthorsAn Introductory Note to the Student Why do you need to study the world? At first glance, the world, as a concept, is abstract. After all, your daily experiences uve considered interactions with your country. When you read the news, you read about the Philippines. When you engage in an official transaction like paying taxes, you deal with the Philippine government. Almost all of your classmates and teachers are Hilipino. However, you only need to step back a little bit to see that the World “out there” is already here. For example, you likely have felatives who are overseas Filipino workers (OFWs). Every time these relatives visit or send something home, they are bringing part of the world with them. Even if you have not traveled outside the Philippines, you have likely heard stories about foreign countries from these family members. Some relatives might have {old you about the wonders of Rome. Others may have shown you pictures of San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge. Others may have dlescribed the lights and towering buildings of Shinjuku. Needless to say, the media and the internet are also your windows to the contemporary world. You watch American movies and can probably sing at least one K-pop song. If a major political event occurs, you don’t even need to go to CNN.com to find out more details; friends are already posting articles on Facebook. Finally, your consumption habits are global. You have dined in a McDonald’s, ridden in a Japanese car, maybe owned a Korean mobile phone, and eaten Australian beef. You are already a citizen of the world whether you are aware of \\ or not. Just by living your life, you automatically think about the contemporary world. This course will be your guide.The Relevance of this Course As the semester progresses, we expect you to realize the relevance of the material gradually. The succeeding lessons will introduce you to the major themes in the study of the world while providing opportunities for you to connect this knowledge with your experiences as a Filipino student. At the outset, though, why study this course? Why is it required for all students in higher education? First, studying the outside world is a cure to parochialism or an outlook that is limited to one’s immediate community. A Person who is concerned only with his/her family, village, or even country is parochial. The parochial person is, thus, close-minded. By teaching you about the world, this course aims to stretch the limits of your imagination and outlook. We will share with you unfamiliar ideas and cultures that may spark new interests and concerns. Not everything in this book will excite you, and that is fine. However, we hope that, at the end of the semester, you would have discovered new intellectual interests that you will continue to pursue. We also wish for you to explore the places, peoples, ideas, and cultures that you care about and value. This expansion of one’s ethical horizons, as you will see, is the very core of what it means to be a global citizen. Second, it is important to study the world because it can teach you more about yourself. Knowing about other countries allows you to compare your society with others. The experiences of communities outside the Philippines may provide solutions to many of the country’s current problems. They may also provide warnings about what not to do. Everyone, for example, desires economic growth. Isn’t it beneficial if policymakers know what economic models and policies have worked for other countries and what have not? Philippine national hero Jose Rizal said that anyone who has learned about the world will be haunted by the “ghost of comparisons.” Once you know about other societies, he says, you will not be able to look at your own in the same way: You will start comparing and asking various questions. This drive to compare will happen even when } {hat suddenly appears. Lastly, you need te Jolt to become OFWS. | More and more Filipino af you who plan to we this course can serve a who choose to remait phenomenon of globali sompanies operating i growth of call centers a industry as a whole. Du larger trade of goods jnterdependent. Filipin interdependence. You « 4 well study it. This Book’s App This book will not the world. Such an app any good world alma: countries. Instead, thi jnnues. The goal is not hut also to expose you that “out there.” Centr jlobalization—the dee ideas, economies, cult s concept further. 1 ying globalization yy, on in our world As the study of § attention deliberately core courses of the r