CIRCUIT THEORY Sulla bus Inoduction ty ‘ Eleclvical Civcuits a: Magnetic Greuits 3: Single phase Ac circuit 4. Lows Rograms and “ Circuit Elementi -[Resielos, Inductas, Cope 5 Sources Voltage Soovrces LKeaveent Sources — Coe Sovovces Terese Sources Dependent Sovrces —> Noltoge and cument relation of passtue eleneah + Qome 1% * Sawtooth * tHlongulay Yr, 7 Square £ Ooo, —> Kirchof's tows - cekecr -KvL a Network Reduction techniques * Series + Yaratiel * Sertes and Poratle) —> Shor +o dette Q 4) celta to stay (4 to Y ) Scanned with CamScannercha ye te particles —> charge ts electrical property of atom 7 chosqe Ss nether created Nov Geatroqed converted — charge can be +Hansfeved and bipolar repete (poten) -ve (lection) > charge ts — Cherg e is quantized | Q=ne [a fs ‘atener] —> si unit of charge ts Coulomb ee -1609 K16% le = Qu xid® electors * Curent — > The vole of flow of chouge is known as corel i= doy dt —> st unit of curvent Ps Ampere Ves te b ag Scanned with CamScanneroo os —> The low of electons and aivecion of conent 4iow ts aways tn opposite dtvectton ‘ qe Je at > tere TO) may be a +onctron of 4 ov tt may be constant —> the ime taken fs trom 4p to t Yepasented Ci oo — > DC- Atrect Current - constant ec - Atteenaling cuvrent - Changes perioctcalty Problems, 1. Determine the +totod energy entering a terminal between t= sec to Sec: Current 7 passing “through the termina Tart) sii ST ied at ay > fiat ai = | @r-t)st = ee -£) Z = -i - 16 ee = W9-6 Sxb4 3 oor 3 = ara FB ~ —_—_—_———T Scanned with CamScanner29) How much energy doe a \ 200 W ame elethy, consume 9 & hours: ssl) P= a00W He (t) = hovs Energy = 005 (60x60) We PE 2600K YOO = \u40000 J 39) tow much energy, charge is represented by 5,504 electrons - seh \e= =t6or 416 g,saue =? Rea ured charge = =S,52unb602 619 © Scanned with CamScannerBAS\C Concerts ONiW-4 \ntvoduction +o Elechte Chreutt chavge : Chovge fo the electric property ot atomic particles measured fn Columbs A Unique feature of eledtvic charge ts that te can be “vansterved trom qne Poxt of veut 4o. anothey. be.) sk ts mobile ; where th can be Converted to anothey storm of neta Chovacteristics of Chovae : = a is Bi polar Charge of teledtvon fs -e€ = where ; \_ proton ty ke e= vb0Q2 x10 c —» The charge ts quantised According to the experi mented obser vottons, the 4 4 vos only charges that ocuy '9 natore ave tateg multiple of eleclronte chong? hey ne 7 > ; states The Low of Conservation of chovge " nov stot charge con nether be created destroyed: only transfered th th — > Eleerics ecHech ore attributed T° a . in mol Seperation of charge ana chayg® Scanned with CamScanner| “he motion of charae ceales an eledvic 4lyia- Teorrent] Electric Content: The vale of chorge flow ts known as eclectic current (or) time vate of ead of eX The unt of Corvent fs Ampere CA) Note: The electvical eHecls caused by the charges hy motion depends on the yole of cheacge Mathematicatly the relation between curent, Chowge ag time ts vepresented as i= dq dt where = Current to Ampere (A) q = chawge ta coloumbs Cc) = Hime ta sec R= sec = 6609 HI : [ + ivection of electrons —_ airection of cuvent g The charge crransferved between time ty and ¢ rteqrating Ahe above equation Scanned with CamScannerfrom the above equation, the current need mot be & Constant thot Can be several type oF wave forms. ey charge con as with me in severod — example S divec\ cuwent that rematas constant with Carreat - Ac Alternative current that varies with Hme renee on sine. I one Ct) D-c. ts i ploliog ey. The Voltage oy potential difference ts the cneray vequlved +o move a unit charge , theough an element- —> To move the eledon %1 @ conducty ta a Particular dtvect on Yeqyutved Some Worle or enerny tonstast transfer - We Vie Power ts the Hime vate of expanding or observing ener ih ts measured §n watt. Mathematically We Tepresent the eqyustion os Scanned with CamScannerp= cw. qdwdy sy ax elecvica) civeutt , the fan of Conservatig, » 4 must be obeyed Any Anstant of time se be ttro. ln now energy he algebras Sam of powers mu: ve, =Pro i.e., totos power eared +o the circutt must be balonce +0 the “total power observed Ener The capoctty to do work fs Called ener y unis of energy - Joules + TO Calculate ee we Use the expresston [ws = fe-st| Scanned with CamScannerthe networking ements Active ave classified They ove 1 elements ond Into two types. passive elements Passive Elements : eek fasswe element energy” er) f Gyculk element Is a nelwork element which — consumes 4s said +0 be Passive TF the “fotos energy delivered to 11 from the vest of the Gycutt is always positive Cnon~ negative) ‘ We Jrat : [use >0 ° Exompe Vesistor, \nductor , Capacitor ets - A Nements * Active elements are Copable of genevating energy which @ passive cannot — oF muse an active element ¢ sone which ts not passive - Examples: Bae Gnd Curvent Sources , Batteries , qn erators ete Tassive £lements : Reason yl | * Kesistor: WM Kesistoy : ae ies Ohm's Law Ved ae\ at constant temperature Re Ci¢at)| ol = temperature coefficient — /% = Aemperature Scanned with CamScannerN= ie a) L= Ye Nole: Resisloy 5 oO energy desipate element uk) aways consumes active power Series eee of ee Rs Gument ae WW, | Fematas pS NB B Some [Ra = BFE Powatter eee of Yesistos lw oe Lyi — le TT 2 vot 7 —T * a ecat’ e | Some. d Scanned with CamScannerae ohms fow in Copacites Qov where @ = charqe a \ = peplied Voltage qecy R16 ave Mineo and passive demenls Current t+ dy 2 dG " dt de ») Jrar> fev Power Cp) =vi pe wee Energy W) = frat oY, = slope Vote power CPF vec dy we JPdt at ~ joule) doe Jove wee - Scanned with CamScanner¥ Note: Capacitoy ts a passive element which Store, \ ER electic Held - (death oy Yeo) power energy fr athe tom of MH da Not Consume any active antl - Fovachl Sevies Combinatron of Capacitors: G G@ & IMR 2 iS Ny Ne Va Cony Poot Qc v= % — -Lriet A Cog Gy ts Vera = Vit Vtg o 204 G4 Coq a oy a sete bun 4% @ Pararre\ Combination of Capacitoa. rr rr [soy a - Ceay : ms os rv [og | 8 : 3 9 3 Prot Q= cw Vy = Gut Gvy = Gy Gu tGy VeMsu2i3 at's. + Inductor : ) Inductor stores the energy fn the form of magnetic Field - y _- = Ng = Flux per tom 4 Scanned with CamScannerOhms faw for Inductor * ‘ unit = = Henry | (y= 43] | wt oat Hemp gen fag Carrent Fe & Jv Power Puts fuser] Energy Ws fodt = jee: ore) energy We ouy We firdi at - {i Note : ‘tnerg stored tm inductor at any fastant WMI depend on curvent Flowtag through the inductor at that +Hme- Sevies Combination of Inductor: be ly Leay th I, =P TIO, Ley = 4+ 13 Scanned with CamScannerPovaliel combination of inductors : ¥v att , i | bey . Lio, => ~ I ) I | & L_atyyp—__! teeta te | dey br b oy fdive Elements + Sources: Sources f —L — ~ 7 Independent Dependent ) — — s \ | I Voltage Coatraled — Vo tage cor Ss Curent veltage Wek ai vor CUVS ww Source Source ip | Cvcvs) Cvecs) [ mr (dead practread ideas practices # \deal potkoge Source Intemnod yvesistane = Zero & =d => Load Naan ts ‘independent of load Current Scanned with CamScannercharacteristio | ww) ks Constant No > Av Gwe) _& \nte nas vestatance = & £0 Scanned with CamScanner,> Load voltage Aepends on Joad current Ney QSL. Chava ctevistics t Vu ies vee MT es Stee : . lov 5, RE) Le lemp) Mv) Ae SA SN an aoa +5N HR 2A gv not constant - & \deod Current Source SS Sv rc | T Interna) resistance uw =Q 20 Scanned with CamScanner=> load Current fs tadependent of loud voltad e Ve =TLRL < is-S,2 Mu L Chovacterista: Ale). Couto . y eo LS sige ee as Re s ——> + N sam: BO) vy (¥) a) (Lv sv fen QL lov sa cL as A constant * Proctcal coment Some: . 7 ML \nrerrsd resistance 2 & #2 #2 Scanned with CamScannerSD load current depends on Yoad vor Characteristics: 5,10) Se ny > Dependent Sovrtes ov Contolted Sovrtes . Voltage Controtied voltage Source CvCvs) . Novice contorted Current Source Cruces) « Current Controlled voltage Source Cecus) q Current Controtied — Cotvent Source (ves) A} @ dependent —_Indepracnt Indepesient Bilatera | unilateral — > Time variant and Time fouarigab — > humped and disturbed —> kee ond ve Scanned with CamScanner+ Uinear fron “near An clement fs said 4o be linear if for all time ts characteristics fs 9 strat ght ine possing though ongin owtherwike , tt fs Said to be non-Voteat - « Active [passive - An element 1S sets 4o ve active if tk celivess net amount of eneray cae ae athewise, Tr (5 Sats 4o be passive. Note: The Resistor (R), Inductor (1) and Copacttor Cc) ave guid to be pasive S$ R20; L120 7CEO non- negalive slope of choracteristics * Gtlateral /Unilaterad + An element % scfd +o be Llotead if Tt offers same impedence for different alvection of Some Cvritent Flow, otherwise , tt is Said +o be untlaterad. + ‘itme Variant [Time tnyaviant AN element %s said to be ime Savariont if WS chavacteristics does not chonge with Hme + . Otherwise tt ts Satd +o be Hme variant * Lumped | dist buted. — the netoork consted of a number oF Sfmple Clemes and o sei of coaynecting fads, the we COlled lured — nedework « ~ Goteins toficite number of Smal clement “Ash bured Network. ‘ \ \ Scanned with CamScannerUni laterah. Time Novtont : vaviont 1 1 Scanned with CamScanner» Kirthotes Laws # AIL Boear elements ave btlatera elements z Zromple ' neal wot “@ N y Apassive J Bilateras /\ . Tine Bavarian t Sumoed | pe - \ Non-\near. a Non - linear - \ / Active Time fnvariant Unilaterad. \ Jumped Ktychot$ ls Lars: eel: \n Somped network at any fastant of +me't the Agebratc Sum of the Tncoming and out geing curtent ak particular node fs Eero. + Somped ne toork * Conservotion of cho ¢ “Applicable for au clements [independent On nature of = elomext] . Scanned with CamScanner— \no fs Anterconnediiog Ap+85 = Ustytir @ A, -ay- tat h =O Jumped network for of 00 ny oF th Pode ong at any Hme ‘t', the alge brat sum of — branch Corrent enutog “the node fs xerp j-e Sum of entering corrent= Som of leauta Su, at 4i,-4) Ty+lyth=o Ay ttys dy coy ot = she ar te wAytts a WF Ay FS = AH, ey 5 Note: Oth ts applicable onl O it ts @ H soliows -the fow of 2 g ‘independent = of y tor Nature Ty Qh Conservation 7) 1 correcb lumped network. OF element of a Scanned with CamScannerple Kv: In b tomped Network , the alqebrate som OF Fanch W0ltages around “the a a to seg “4 7 Kop Ts equ Scanned with CamScannerayy ley “ey day (os = sw, +} @ Jumped network @ Conservation of energy @ \ndependent of nature OF element Delto to stor: . . A g Qo / Z 0 ~ Pa —_ (a Mh S Cec Ro = Ree Rao, Rog RoeRt q Re = Ree Rea Ram tRact Pog Scanned with CamScannerProof : Berween A od B Bebon ARB Rx Re =k, —O R= Rag ll CReat ae) —@ Ben B ond c Betoo @ £6 & rR =k —®@ R= ae lI (Regt Rae) —O Beran A ond © Beton ASC & +e, =k, —@ Ra = Reali ant &-) —O From eayuction O and Raw Vo 4 Rea. From equation @ od © Rai & = Rac ka * Rae Raw Rag t Sac% Rea From equation @ od © Rat R 2 Rea Raat Reakang Raat Coct &m Eq un © — Lan 4 Re-R = Raw Rac — Rea®ac Reg tact Ra mn sim © 9@ AR iS Rag Pa Reatlact Roa —® —® —® —~@ Scanned with CamScannerRe Ra, = Rai®e * 8% TRER al Le Roe = RaRo © Re Ret Re. Qy a a Rp Re -We Know —thot _ Scanned with CamScannerw Rae Rag h a a = me P, 5 Ro = _ Ae Foc . Rage ar Ro Bont Rat leg ” Rs Ree Ry —— Rew + art Reg Consider Rake * eRe + ReRa Raw Packea 4 Ree ®o Par 4 Ra Rac Rin a Reet Wo) v ~ Boe*Ract 8a (Raat Roc Rea) (Bont ®act Ren) Rang Xa ac [Reet tact Xe} Se 2 Rao teat ea] = Rag Ree Rac Reet Bact Rea Raa kovkeo Rake + Ree +R Re >| HRB Reet Rach eg 8 Re: Rea \ > Re Raptacthen Ra Rac = Rat Ret Rak Re Ra = Ra We t Reka t Reka Re. Scanned with CamScannerSterley u \ \Ran = Bakar RoR + Re Ra | a | a Re | (an Tee \Ra = Rae tla % + KRa | __ L ee | a ° eee Fe Network contains Lineay teststors aa 1a? Ydeo! Voltage Sources. If the values of a he Yesistors ore doubled, then “he vol acras the each ‘eslstoy is @ halved © dovbled not Chore ®none of she above - aa) Somes Case - it & = gv gs orn awT tn ° = = 4A 5 = \ amp Lf YQ, Fayre. R= PR Key VR Fo rhs | Vez iv Whe i " Yesiskos ave dovbled Voltage vemalas Constant Ul sa, xs Go 3 yy Se ar oo L Scanned with CamScannerKCL at A Kye at boop @ + Ny FVD PVA A =O -Y¥, +50u4SvV 20 Ny FS uy Ny Fup? 2x4 =Sv a Mess Va 795% | Bn 2 9 ae an Ray? b z + a L { us vat nn Q b = 8 Ba o ve 3 an, ie x Ray = PNdNS \ Loe x thas Q Ray ao Rap = 1 Sovce Tonsformation : 3, Os T Py * ere OT Scanned with CamScannersh vi the value of i= se a 2 as => a ve Oh) ton fo : Z ~® “ > ah i eI Ly a N ou %y Veo = REIS ve Sy Ye 2 ah T4 5 zYv, aX et a anys TSA 3 s0sa qu got A conection fs made ceanistng of veststaat ‘A in Beds with OU combination of @ ad resistances: “Thyee resistow OF Values on, a, Qe provided - Consider an posible Pemotution | Scanned with CamScanner bhof the given vesishors Ante the positions A) B C one ‘deattfy “he Configurations wrth max, porsble oven vesisronce and alo the oad with min post ble overa Yesistonce. “The yatto of max +o an Valves of the mesistunces 7 Sy Onar = 4 | ¢ ter Ring Az ions, Bz sr 1 c=an (eo HEA % Bran 7 CsA Ra n+ BE Btc = 10 4 10, | Q . “ 4 mi a wy tr 2, s 2 Wn 3 c=5n OD ArRt, Besa 4 CHIOM Scanned with CamScannerx aN = oy fu a A vy lov kye ot foop syV-ON +N, FO Nye -ay} eee) ku a toop@ ~\ov -8v - €-4V =O fe = “say kve at loop @ “NV, -6UPBVTWY=0 Scanned with CamScannerwv kKve at loop 3-62, +e=0 €=2 Te6ir > 13 +6(3) = 134d |< > Bly, Wee ® A m7 a Find Rag - i Scanned with CamScannerlag? Ga x) oe (t% Reg = Wtntx ot eRee 4% waW Ss kan / X-x-1=0 we At (ty L io . ee R cannot be ve 8, '> uo = > wha. oe tind Gy*? Va! b a a Wheos. , stone, Pride Cb ) Cowen! ta an % 9 aw - eS. i i) b= Le a “De = ae Raw ae Th yee Scanned with CamScannerW- § * Y ie Prod Ray? b \e ‘4 Wo. ca baboneed headstone ri a ~ 7 Spr 1% 9 ve Fad Ruy= \ oo x BWNQ == Sk. 2. ue: owe? . Qtr 3a 33 Rio MR = Re WOH -60.59¢ 4 ion 16 Ril RE=R= tone .co.535 . foie le x Use { of 1° S Quy = d-ASKEUS “\ 3 rTtouy i “ Scanned with CamScannerr Rage FD \ 3 . fa y 1 vesistance of 4 » Find the power loss fo ces Areut gn ae my o an te an an So}! a Be es e. R= 8 bogs Qeayr 4 Ry km La, Osan D431 4 Rye 2 Le lose Wer A oath Y- 0-sQn ID Scanned with CamScanneroO A oO lov Kye -1~ \-4usxi Ho=0 (Oo = 1 (8-945) f= 19_ ol-qu tl Rs 3.380 Power toss of (In = SR > @aa)R SW No ww find Ras >? Qe e S Rone 20 fore 4 ae a . 4 { => 4° b OF ar 2. Ray = O° Scanned with CamScannerB \ Q) Find the vsttage drop across 4 a | \ “PP leq We at lop @ ~4i)-a, +5 =0 S= 64, = Ye oss V=080 Applying kvL a loop @ (0-94, — St, =o log Br tbe 'Y, =14ae VY =the Mun = tuk4 = O-8xy = BQ Vv Von = tygt2 = V4QpQ = Qeyv ‘ny - Nun” ‘ye > Poe Scanned with CamScanneras amplitude vouing with vespect 40. the dime % Known as Signa. Chonction with OQ variable +) © Square : Signal: Graphical representation T= Hme period Fe ~ecyoeney Mothematica) expression Ww = th y oft s UL Les 7 Werer © Ramp Stgnal: Grophtcal representation: Ww hoy, (t,0) Scanned with CamScannerP Motkematlicod expression < ( “ay = At (0ZteT) =mk \ T 4° rae) ret fhe t Te) xCH = * & © Saw sooth Signal: “f Graphical representation: u Mathematical expression xO) = Ak F Yani we Signol : a fea) tepresentation 1 yf Mathematical expression: a =¢ Be jostey v etsy ada(ed 1 B® a Scanned with CamScanner9 Fique Shows the convent Howing Avoogh the inductor of resistance 1 and fnductonce Qt, cetrermine -the enevay observed by tthe Inductor upto the C* toa — Setonds, L pao XC) = ab 5 eter 4) { W)C > gepew 2 aw P- 3 w= Jpat $ e= TROD e__ Rerien Pevt (r= tess | ot Ca “Energy stored + frerqy dest pated Energy Observed = all. = ats) 3 &g = |¥eat - Jara } oo 8 a ~ous | € J (lat = a6 [+h = 360) = ei. Je. ~ eats = 4a 3t-d@t) 3 ot i ae Be fear a 2h = qruy = 36y hae acca = os ae Scanned with CamScannerB fraay stored Ya Inductor = EL, FEL \ = 3640 = 3bs “Energy dest pated *y Yesistor = €@,t ER, = unt FQ = 465 Energy absorbed = ER yea, + EL, 4€L, = 36+ 9utarto > 120 5 N fs Constant, then the energy observed ty Zero; Stace dhe fnstantaneos power is Feo oor - Stentor ly fot constant capacitor voltage, the energy observed 5 Zer0, Since the instantaneous power tS ey © \n the above problem, tnd the ener ou stond by she civcult lero x4 sec es: Espey © Eur t AL =3640 =36 © In the above problem , eneray observed upto Infinite - is mm' €> é ATR + &,* SFL +e, Rw eae W Scanned with CamScanner | Ket When the Corvent ‘hrough on ideas YedugMagnetic circus => Faraday faw CMtagnetic Inductor ) —> Concept of Self and Mutval \ndoctance — > Dot Convention —> Coeffictent of Coupling . — Compostte magnetic Greotls seat —>7malusts of Sees and parallel magn éte Gres Self Inductance When a current changes in a circuit, the magnele $l faking the same Circuit changes Cvrce-verwsa) . and em~ 4s ‘induced tn +he Circuit: This Induced emf te proportional to the rate of change of corent — 4 ts constant of Poportionality calied self -Inductane, 7 The tnductance can ako be Expressed as ae OF Scanned with CamScanner| I Mutua Inductance : ( \ , ; + is cole) le coil 2 Vedu. 4 %, %, vee Ng 8h -O v= de @ i a ha * da tom 0 ® M,-ab 2 0,-4.8 Way dt Mo = 85° 9¢n ly Mo = mada, Qe Nast ; Q ’ ak \ oR Mig? Mg, Me Ny adn = ne8ar at dip 7 Vedw ligt In ay Medium: 1, So | He Ndbe, Md, ae iy atl te fo > wey @ VeL d@gy di Nz N-ad 3 as 9) From OL @) = 2: mdg at Scanned with CamScanner= 1, yeh a + Mh Oe Lah sudty a hae ot ay 6 a 5 + br fn The +0 coils with self Yndoctance 4 and 1, thot close proxienily with each other: The cotl | coxvtes cyvvent ty and cdl-a covries corvent 1, then = Bef 7 By 7Hokage fox of ctl $j), 7 Metoa flox My, 7 Motual inductance of coll 2B wrt 1 When 2 coh ave Inked with aty as a mediom, the flor And cCorvent ave, linearly yelated ond 4the expression ef mutual Inductance. $y May 2m adn ' Mig = Pr bx at Coefficient of cov Hhog tx) « sOeMident of coupling (Kr) * Ny ts defined as the -fracton thay links dhe cot @) of soto! fox Scanned with CamScanner_ Fratton of dota fot which Roks the othe, «4 4s Called coefient Of coughing heh 7 Bee, Deviuation : Mig = Ba : ne Mo, = 2 On iy ea 7 Mig = Mgr % c Me Ja. wide a i Ms ON Gab. did ihe BO, ie SOL Yb og § i ’ Me iG a to ip v : Ms LUk Dok Convention ; a \F two coven Gve entering (leaving) into the dot at the some me dren the yolt a eneraied cive to ‘the motvol tnductonce wi be sve. Scanned with CamScannervy = bya ym ote ve Tat ae Ny ely.dhk yah ot or Wo one cvrvtent 5 entering the dot and anothet corfent &% leasing the direction the dot theo he omotvol Inductance the voltage qererored dve to + wit be -ve: © Ut) L a > boy 4 Oh Or _$_. uy a Yen Mattes, =(leq gat) Ni, = 4d + uy a + mgt Vu = Ud + mdi dt de a in a Game Gr gt — a Scanned with CamScannera Pr vet Gieacam) , Teas bt +20 | Wey tM, Vo> Gtr em) ee sh 2) Coupled cols %9 poratel @ fe AO, adic Sa dt ve Sd i L 2 “Abe _ {J a y= ea ait, 4 dha) é&yy cra MHL ney Vy = Li SbO) omc) y= aS 5 mci e . ar i SOW Lo dO ay & dt b ab oT “ Hele M) 2 dum Mou Dye Ie "| - Vsli- usm Vso = Us Tt-4) Ay = [n ‘ 2 Ls -Woy vy mos = Ys T4-M) Scanned with CamScannera“ = WTu-s) | aya) 3 , Lh- me = ot. Ahly ¢ dict oF SP = > We Tbrty-an) Cu MY Ns = tea = Leg: Vs Tati 2m) buy-N” Vs = Neg Seta) ee bi, - (a Tey : ott esl Ss L-N) uj-my vse by SAG) _ xy ALG) vy= tarSh&) _ 4 diay ab ar oe = at Ns? beara ( bm ata) | | : oe | vs mat tb gta) LaF Sw, ALG) 2h at 7 —_— ds dr db Bey) Lue -4™ & Scanned with CamScannerNe vs 2) 2 wT \. ly a vs[ ty] \ by = on . Livy +My \-m w vs [utor) apg). TLE) A) veto i SSE 7 Tay en p 2 Qu! uy = Leap Ws Lateran] dey rm Litem 7 Ht 4aM |. serves hove an eq "wo cols ore cynnected ta aida inductance of OT when connectéd 4a Gnd evivalent Inductance ott when Connection 5 Opposed - Calculate mutual Inductance of atl. we 4 oe = Eth OM = Ou Ley Lea = beg = 4 14-9" = 09H OC ithen oppmed) Scanned with CamScannerums 0 a4 + Tap Tedecrvely opled cals hove salt todoctances eso ms t=a00me- [f coePhtient of coupling ts 06 O-find he value of mutual Inductance @ what ts the morinwm possible valve of m2. Bf Given 4 = SON; cy =atomM y kis wis Me KIC, @ m= oS Teo pa00 pF = sue vole & = snd ge eonoh = sd pw? faa aw CL @® wer oLk 4y moe volus k=} Me The Mati te Tsoxa00n5e > =10! Me toon? [He worn], mae wale) Scanned with CamScannerCod MEE Leal. den = 4 6+ +.aC2) -22)-20) = Ybe eh MA = b+B =\y [Tea = KH | dS —s —— Scanned with CamScanner