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Analytic 2 Review
Analytic 2 Review
Parabola
II. Ellipse
III. Hyperbola
2/4/2016 7:18:30 PM 3
PARABOLA
A Parabola is a locus of a point which moves so
that it is always equidistant to a fixed point called
focus and to a fixed straight line called directrix.
Y-axis
Where,
V(0,0) a = distance from
a a LR vertex V to focus F
X-axis
d f d = distance from point
Directrix to directrix
P(x,y) f = focal distance
General Equations
Y-axis
1. Axis parallel to
the y-axis:
X-axis
Ax2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 O(0,0)
Y-axis
2. Axis parallel to
the x-axis:
X-axis
Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 O(0,0)
Standard Equations
Vertex V at origin (0,0) Y-axis
y2 = 4ax
Y-axis
y2 = -4ax
2. Axis along x-axis
opens to the left
X-axis
O(0,0)
Standard Equations
Vertex V at origin (0,0) Y-axis
x2 = 4ay
3. Axis along y-axis
opening upward X-axis
V(0,0)
Y-axis
4. Axis along y-axis x2 = -4ay
opening downward V(0,0)
X-axis
Standard Equations
Vertex V at (h,k)
Y-axis (y-k)2 = 4a(x-h)
1. Axis along x-axis
opens to the right
V(h,k)
(Opens to the right if a is positive)
O(0,0) X-axis
−D
a=
4C
2. Axis along x-axis Y-axis
(y-k)2 = -4a(x-h)
opens to the left
V(h,k)
(Opens to the left if a is negative) O(0,0)
X-axis
−D
a=
4C
Standard Equations
Vertex V at origin (h,k)
Y-axis
3. Axis along y-axis
opening upward (x-h)2 = 4a(y-k)
(Opens Upward if a is positive) V(h,k) X-axis
O(0,0)
−D
a=
4A
Y-axis
4. Axis along y-axis (x-h)2 = 4a(y-k)
opening to the left
V(h,k)
(Opens Downward if a is negative) X-axis
O(0,0)
−D
a=
4A
Eccentricity of a Parabola, e:
- is the ratio of the distance to the focus to the f
distance to the directrix. Note: f = d. e= =1
d
Latus Rectum of a Parabola, LR:
- Is a line that passes through the focus and
perpendicular to the axis of the conic. LR = 4a
E2 − 4CF −E −D
h= k= a=
4CD 2C 4C
−D 2
D − 4AF −D
h= k= a=
2A 4AE 4A
I. PARABOLA: y = 2x2 – 7x + 5
Past Board Problems 2x2 – 7x – y + 5 = 0
For Axis Vertical: Ax2+Dx+Ey+F = 0
1. Find the equation of the
−D − (−7) 7
axis of symmetry of the h= = =
2A 2(2) 4
function y = 2x2 – 7x + 5. 2 2
D − 4AF (−7) − 4(2)(5)
a. 7x + 4 = 0 b. 4x + 7 = 0 k= =
4AE 4(2)(−1)
c. 4x - 7 = 0 d. x - 2 = 0 9 7 9
k=- ; V( , - )
Solution: 8 4 8
−D −(−7) 7
Y-axis a= = = (Opens Upward)
4A 4(2) 8
y = 2x2 – 7x + 5 7
h = x = (For Axis of Symmetry)
4
4x = 7
X-axis Thus,
7 9
V( , - )
4 8 4x – 7 = 0 4x – 7 = 0
2. Compute the focal length y2 + 8x – 6y + 25 = 0
and the length of latus For Axis Horizontal: Cy2+Dx+Ey+F = 0
rectum of parabola 2 2
E − 4CF (−6) − 4(1)(25)
y2 + 8x – 6y + 25 = 0. h=
4CD
=
4(1)(8)
= -2
−E −(−6)
a. 2 , 8 b. 4 , 16 k= = = 3 ; V(-2,3)
2C 2(1)
c. 16 , 64 d. 1 , 4 −D −8
a= = = -2 (Opens to the left)
4C 4(1)
Solution:
LR = 4a = 4(-2) = -8
Y-axis Note: The negative sign denotes the
y2 + 8x – 6y + 25 = 0 opening of a parabola.
Thus,
V(-2,3) LR = 8 a = 2 & LR = 8
X-axis
a=2
64 m
3. An arch 18 m high has V(0,0)
the form of parabola with a 8m
vertical axis. The length of a (-32,-8)
32 m 32 m
(32,-8)
horizontal beam placed 18 m
across the arch 8 m from (-x,-18) x x (x,-18)
the top is 64 m. Find the 2x = ?
width of the arch at the
x2 = - 4ay ; (Opening Downward)
bottom. @ P(32,-8); x = 32, y = -8
a. 86 m b. 96 m (32)2 = - 4a(-8)
a = 32 m
c. 106 m d. 76 m @ P(x, -18); y = -18
Solution: x2 = - 4(32)(-18)
x = 48 m
Thus,
2x = 2(48) = 96 m
4. Find the location of the y2 + 4x – 4y – 8 = 0
focus of the parabola y2 + For Axis Horizontal: Cy2+Dx+Ey+F = 0
4x – 4y – 8 = 0. 2 2
E − 4CF (−4) − 4(1)(−8)
h=
4CD
=
4(1)(4)
=3
a. (2.5, -2) b. (3, 1)
−E −(−4)
c. (2, 2) d. (-2.5, -2) k= = = 2; V(3, 2)
2C 2(1)
Solution: a=
−D −4
= = -1 (Opens to the left)
4C 4(1)
Y-axis y2 + 4x – 4y – 8 = 0 Then,
F(h-a, k)
F(2,2)
a
V(3,2) Thus,
X-axis F(3-1, 2) → F(2, 2)
5. A parabola has its focus Since,
at (7,-4) and directrix directrix is y = 2 (Axis is Vertical)
y = 2. Find its equation. F(7,-4) → F(h, k-a)
-4 = k – a ; h=7
a. x2 + 12y – 14x + 61 = 0 k=a–4
b. x2 – 14y + 12x + 61 = 0 Then,
a = y – k = 2 – k = 2 – (a – 4)
c. x2 – 12y + 14x + 61 = 0 a=6–a
d. None of the above a = 3 ; k = -1 (y > k)
(Opening Downward)
Solution:
And,
Y-axis V(h,k) → V(7,-1)
y=2 x + 12y – 14x + 61 = 0
2
Thus,
a=3 X-axis (x – h)2 = -4a(y – k)
V(7,-1)
(x – 7) 2 = -4(3)(y + 1)
x2 – 14x + 49 = -12y – 12
x2 – 14x + 12y + 61 = 0
ELLIPSE
An Ellipse is a locus of a point which moves so that so that
the sum of its distance to the fixed points (foci) is constant
and is equal to the length of the major axis (2a).
Y-axis
Major Axis
When the point is located along
Major Axis = 2a the minor axis as shown in the
P(x,y)
d1 d2 following figure:
V1(-a,0) C(0,0) V2(a,0) b
LR X-axis Y-axis
F1(-c,0) F2(c,0) b d1 = a
P(x,y)
d2 = a
c
V1
d1 b d2 V2
a Minor Axis X-axis
D F1 c C F2
directrix
General Equations
Ax2 + Cy2 Dx + Ey + F = 0 Note: d1 + d2 = 2a
Standard Equations:
a
b Center, C(0,0):
c
Major axis is horizontal:
The relationship between a, b Y-axis
& c is:
x2 y2
V1 C V2
b2 + c2 = a2 F1 F2 X-axis
+ =1
a 2 b2
with a is always greater than b.
If D & E = 0, center is at the Major axis is horizontal:
origin (0,0). Y-axis V1
F2 x2 y2
+ =1
b2 a2
V2
Standard Equations:
Center, C(h,k): Eccentricity of an Ellipse, e:
Major axis is horizontal: - is the ratio of the distance to
Y-axis the focus to the distance to the
V1 C(h,k) V2 directrix. Note: f = c & d = a
F1 F2
x−h 2 f c a
2
+ X-axis
e= = <1 d=
a
y−k 2 d a c
=1
b2 Latus Rectum of an Ellipse, LR:
Major axis is horizontal:
Y-axis V1
- Is a line that passes through
F1 the focus and perpendicular
C
to the axis of the conic.
x−h 2 X-axis
+ F2 2
b2 2b
y−k 2
V2 LR = a
The following formulas can be obtained:
General Equation: Ax2 + Cy2 Dx + Ey + F = 0
−D −E
h=
2A
k=
2C C = a2 − b2
General Equations
Y-axis
1. Transverse Axis - Conjugate axis
directrices
Horizontal: V2
Ax2 – Cy2+ Dx + Ey + F = 0
Transverse axis
b F1 C F2
X-axis
V1
D
a
assymptote
c
Length of Transverse 2. Transverse Axis –
Axis, 2a: Horizontal:
Cx2 – Ay2+ Dx + Ey + F = 0
2a = 2 C a= C
F1(-2,2.73)
Length of Conjugate
c c = 1.73
Axis, 2a: a
C(-2,1) b
c = 1.73
2b = 2 A b= A X-axis
F1(-2,-0.73)
c
Standard Equations b
Center C at (0,0): a
1. Transverse Axis -
c
Horizontal b
a
x2 y2
− =1
a2 b2
2. Transverse Axis –
Vertical
c a
y2 x2 b
X-axis
− =1
a2 b2
c
Standard Equations b
Center C at (h,k): a
1. Transverse Axis -
c
Horizontal b
a
2 2
(x−h) (y−k)
− =1
a2 b
2
2. Transverse Axis –
Vertical
c a
2 2 b
(y−k) (x−h) X-axis
− =1
a2 b
2
III. HYPERBOLA: 9x2 – 4y2 – 36 + 8y = 4
Past Board Problems General Equation:
Ax2 – Cy2 Dx + Ey + F = 0
1. Find the eccentricity of
Then,
the curve 9x2 – 4y2 – 36
a= C= 4=±2
+ 8y = 4.
b= A= 9=±3
a. 1.80 b. 1.92
c. 1.86 d. 1.76 c = a2 +b2 = 22 +32 = 13
Thus,
Solution:
c 13
e=a= = 1.80
2
c b c
a b
a
2. How far from the x-axis is x 2 – 2y2 + 4x + 4y + 4 = 0
Then,
a. 4.5 b. 3.4 −D −4
h= = = -2
c. 2.7 d. 2.1 2A 2(1)
−E −4
Solution: k= = =1
2C 2(−2)
F1(-2,2.73) b= C=± 2
c = 1.73
a= A= 1=±1
c a
C(-2,1) b c = 1+2 = 3
c = 1.73
c 3
X-axis
e = = = 1.73
a 1
F1(-2,-0.73)
From the figure,
D1 = 1 + c = 1 + 1.73 = 2.73
D = 1 – c = 1 – 1.73 = -0.73
3. The semi-transverse axis of c
b
x2 y2
the hyperbola – = 1 is x2 y2 a
9 4 – =1
9 4
a. 2 b. 4 From Standard Form:
c. 3 d. 5 x2 y 2
– =1
Solution: a 2 2
b
Then,
a2 = 9
c b a = ±3
a Thus,
Semi-transverse axis = a = 3
Semi-transverse axis
4. What is the equation of the x2 y2
asymptote of the hyperbola – =1
9 4
x 2 y2 From Standard Form:
– =1?
9 4 x2 y 2 c
– =1 b
a. 2x – 3y = 0 b. 3x -2y = 0 a 2 2
b a
c. 2x – y = 0 d. 2x + y = 0 Then,
a2 = 9 ; a = ±3
Solution:
b2 = 4 ; b = ±2
y=±ax
b Thus,
The Assymptote equation,
c b 2
b y=±ax=± x
a 3
±3y = 2x
2x ±3y = 0
Assymptote
5. 4x2 – y2 = 16 is the equation 4x2 – y2 = 16
of a/an Transforming it into a
a. Parabola b. Hyperbola standard form of the locus,
c. Circle d. Ellipse x2 y 2
– =1
4 16
Solution: which is an equation of a
hyperbola.
Thus,
4x2 – y2 = 16 is a Hyperbola
THE END