www.visionias.net ittps://t.me/Material For Exam HIGHLY DETAILED. MAPS OURS MUSOU NED) Nel Ue) colin aA ced)www.visionias.net Maps and Map Making The Universe 7 the Earth 4 Realms ofthe Earth 9 Contours and Landforms ip fei ster 19 Western India and Pakistan fangladesh THEINDIAN STATES AND UNION TERRITORIE: DD lami and Kash, Himachal eee yy POLTICAL Dara cerca Honan 23 Rajasthan, Gujarat, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar 3 hein es Borst and neonate 2 lah Patch enone ey oa 27 Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Goa Ea ee err erik 3 es INDIA THEMATIC. 30 India - Geology, Geological Formations, Structure and Major Faults & Thrusts fs 31 India ~ Physiography 32 India — Temperature and Pressure 33 India Rainfall and Winds 34 India ~ Relative Humidity Annual Temperature and Annual Rainfall 35 India - Monsoon, Rainfall Trends and Climatic Regions 36 India - Natural Vegetation and Forest Cover 37 India Bio-qeographic Zones, Wildlife and Wetlands 3B India ~ Drainage Basins and East & West Flowing Rivers 39 India ~ Sol and Land Use 440 Incia-irigation and Net Irrigated Area 41 India - Food grain Production, Livestock Population, Mik Production and Fisheries 42.43 India Food Crops 44445 India - Cash Crops “46 India — Important Mineral elts and Number of Reported Mines 47 India ~ Production of Metallic and Non-Metallic Minerals, 48 India - Metalic Minerals 49 India ~ Non-Metallic Minerals 50 India — Mineral Deposits and Mineral Fuels 51 India — Industrial Regions and Levels of Industrial Devel 52-53 India ~ Industries '54 India — Power Projects and Power Consumption 55 India — Roads and Inland Waterways 56 India - Railways 57 India ~ Air and Sea Routes 58-59 India — Population 60-61 India - Human Development {62 India — Religions and Languages 68 India — Tours 64 India — World Heritage Sites 65 India ~ Cultural Heritage 66-67 India - Environmental Concerns 68-69 India — Natural Hazards CONTINENTS AND REGIONS Asia 70 Asia — Physica 71 Asia - Politica 72 Asia — Climate, Natural Vegetation, Population a lopment: ical ind Economy https: //t.me/Material For Exam SAARC Counties tina Hong ard aan pan, North Korea and South Korea a South-Eastern Asia oe NMyanma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam 77 Mana Talag, Laos, Comboda and Vit 75 Aighanistn and Pakistan Eurore 80 Europe Pryscal 81 foe Fle urope~Cliate, Natural Vegetation, Population and Economy a Fae Isles * ae ae Y ance and Cental Europe 85 Eurasia : Arnica 36 Alicia 7 atnca ~ Fos 88 Alc Climate, Natural Vegetation, Population and Econom 89 Souther Atnea and Madagascar” * Norn Amenica 30 North America — Physics 81 North Amerea ~ Poli 52 Hh ea = Chat, tral vegetation, option and conomy 93 Unted States of America and Alaska Sours Auenica 94 South America ~ Physical 55 South america Poltcal 96 South America ~Clmate, Natura Vegetation, Population and Econom ‘97 Brazil y Oceania ‘98. Oceania ~ Physical 99 Oceania — Poltical 100 Oceania — Climate, Natural Vegetation, Population and Economy ‘Oceans ano Antarctica 101 Pacific Ocean and Central Pacific Islands 102 indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean 103 The Arctic Ocean and Antarctica WORLD 104-105 World - Physical 108-107 World - Political 108-103Wotid— Climate 110 World — Annual Rainfall and Major Ocean Currents 411. World ~ Climatic Regions and Water Resources 112 World ~ Major Landforms and Forest Cover, 113 World — Soll and Natural Vegetation 114 World ~ Agriculture and Industrial Regions 115 World ~ Minerals, Mineral Fuels, Trade and Economic Development 118 World = Population Density, Urbanization, Religions and Languages 117 World - Human Development 118 World — Environmental Concerns 119 World ~ Biomes at Risk 120 World — Plate Tectonics and Natural Hazards 121 World — Air Routes and Sea Routes WORLD—FACTS AND FIGURES 122-125 Countries of the World ~ Flag, Area, Population, Capital, Language, Monetary Unit and GDP {126-127 World Stasis - Human Development and Economy 128-129 World = Geographic Comparisons 130 World ~ Time Zones 131-140 IndexGACH a sore tt, repoemmen ra en features ack to the very est one sail painting Was Ma aus Oe tsa map of aad pangs ace Nas ako elect he reo ol ofthe ~ fa of the word Thefal ancient Greek contribution to arozapiy, conser the mest important, sas wt by a noted thematic, Inabuto 120 lemy wrote is major fevauraseieie work, Cade 10 Cert, neg books, ities hchatenpda mip te tnwn word ving coordinates of the major places in terms of what are essentially foo Seonuce ig 2k Coen way the pared a totaoping tat he maps wre crate but they did reeset el ancl prevs maps ad oat be rary The Age of Modern Cartography: Remote Sensing and GIS Inthe 20h century, the invention of te airplane followed by satelite remote Sexsng technology added anew dimension to mapping and widened its Scape though the method of remote sensing. This provided a bird's-eye view tte eth and saved tine and money requied for conventional surveying of SEChers, cartographers and general gondrais Ine bone et remote sein te measrrent or aesstion of iomaton can objet pheno, by aecring dec te in Bria tie coach obs thuaton ats dance fo sea cecal saith ay dese soe "maton bathe envicnmen. The wchniquccan ke sce feces whaacane, i ads, eimogph ors patter Mees fee sensing noral include dip potest cn he Sorc mad ese butane doves well ‘eal photography isthe gal or of ‘emote sensing. An aerial photograph can be defined as a photograph taken from an aircraft with a camera pecially designed {or airraft use (ig). The occurence ofthe ye rd wars edo a demand or ae jo holography for military purposes. n India, By isiccieer test St phooyaphs hn ben nat voce cen es 20 for aerial surveys and for interpretation cology engineering ceapecially when times. In around 6200 2 in Catal Hy se depicting the postions ofthe strects chus made ‘notable contributions to the study of ancient centuries before more Accurate world maps would bre drawn Cag te tahini eb pes, te Be a cn ite cegates lenge dace xg (Shag tsrpm eee icon ‘amie sre 2 ies tens Specie sin ae ieee | | Fe} Thettmapet fe cre broadening of knowledge with the introduction of new felis as astronomy, geology, meteorology, biology, rise to thematic cartography. and te Sci cen 4s the world advances, as the unknown is revealed and sureye alter the face ofthe earth with thee new stlement, new seus ai ‘canals, land reclamation and cultivation, these changes ae riecxs ‘maps of the times. | With the development of satelite technology between 1970 and 1980, remote sensing through satellites received more attention from Users, An image taken fom space using a spacecraft asthe platform and Scanners or specially designed cameras a3 sensors to detect the given area of the eath’s surface is termed satellite imagery Fig. 5) The remote sensor system makes use of the emitted or reflected electromagnetic radiation ofthe exaninlt ‘measures a larger area of the earth, Satellite imagery canbe with 3 and is extensively used by scientists, researches, and planes in =P urban and regional planning, agriculture, frst, ecology arden sol survey, natural resource mapping, oil and mineral exponen |n traditional cartography, the map represented both the databe 2", lsplay of geographic information whereas in GIS (Geographic Systems) the database, analysis, and display are physical a, Separate aspects. Geographic information systems include see) Such as computer hardware, software, digital data, people andes collecting, storing, retrieving, analysing, and displaying geome on information about the Earth. Modern map-making relies mh ‘hich provides flexible computer-aided database and ms Fig. 5A slime ons Inia tng |] A scales sential 1. epsnathe Faction af) 2.Witen tem Retained fuse cence a map The nt of meanremen of FS ES oe acsiee cba dagtea a een | acest. | Mentreenen sawp firing disanengn Budden pe tsa tenets toga asset ie Sipesed ica ees ana oth Pesaing 5 crt PO 0 MAPA scale can beipregsed ghtPT | whee emcn tne 100000, Tinch = 1 mile, ing 15 emwil we |Maps and Globes a af ical per tp dow vat tsa a toshow the things as they appear” PMPO#E OF Preparing a map is fice eeson ee ihts rd engi eee Inbar or neha ae Sherfestre On theses 3 FS rece tec et Bieiomota phe sran Miveoninens acest Fin atte crcccteael th thr cone! pes aa https: //t me/Material For Exam Map Projections ‘Amap projection ia systematic nd onderydawing ofa of parle fate and merino nga tse fo represen the sper sas af heen ar pa ait aed wale» pce of ape. snot posible to make map (othe word or of ony pat of iy that is accurate inate shape distance amd decion, Every map distorted in atleast one ofthese spe Types of Maps On the basis of cle ‘Onthe basi of detain he map Seal sale maps ene pape maps Physical Relief: Representation of the Earth’s Surface ‘One ofthe challenges of map-making sto adequately represent the physical relief of any region Le, the delineation of hills and plains, the distinguishing of high ground and low ground. The two methods generally used represen physical elie are illshading and Contour ines, each of which may be teated ina variety of ways and are sometimes = Ve Apt ong Soa y ag Symbols and Shades ‘Maps cannot show everything nor can the features ofthe Tandicape be contained in sine ate. Therefore, symbols, often termed as conventional symbols, have been developed to represent the features on a map. Some symbols are like pictures while others are inital letters such as PO" for post Dice. Colours are also used as symbols such as green for forests or woodlands and biue for water. Shades ranging from deepest lightest can represent the range of occurrences of any an tows phenomenon, such as altitude. ‘slopes indicated important to refer to the key or legend of a map to find out bream Merit nnn Sst eS obras)» Tchr his vunetntianny | SE sapn/oee indicating the State Boundary |= direction of the i ee Siitn deste (aloes swamp spe ere t —— ——— ais Peak height island with the —— Railway 7 hills inicated | 4 bey | 2B cen dette 4 cern lie: ‘Country capital ~ Oasis ence court cota poe showing elevation | * ater Headquarters 7 cre | Saag oe ean be seen by | BL National High number L its Col Coiththeprtle, | agaunasovinaot ene + eweuemnae ome | co ute ean = = Aer port [ees ratey section in Figure B. |wa ‘the Milky The Solar Syste 1 4,600 million years ago. Its located in the Orion arm of the Milky tepian e bbe divided into an inner system of four small, solid planets made up of materials and 1 of roerpon monorde, Pluto does not Belg any ep bt tiny rack bay at he methane; and ca yetem, Some people think it a giant comet rather than a plane, ts composition is sr come sa conning ee ean nes Dwarf Planets and Plutoids Pluto, which as considered oe a plane snce is covery i 5, va plane on 24 August 2006 bythe nerrationl Aone According he AU, ar planet alle lowing eaters *‘tisi abt around te Sn “Hier ran frit gy 9 over ribolyo foal equilonum neat ound sap hwo cede npbewtesdso + isnot satel fs planet other non stel 6 Twoyeas air coining the term var plants the AU has decided i ar planet smart Piping Whe sl plaster S10." are not pts. Curent, there are five celestial bodies that hve bese 27 as dvar planes, of which four belong tothe subset plutids. Eris Pony HERS) 6) | aa) MokeMake and itaumea have bee clsifed as pti and at go remains in the category dwar planet. The Sun isa giant bal of ot ga, 150 milion kilometers fom the Eath The surface of this burning bal of gas 5: 5500°C with th core reaching an unimaginable 15.6 millon*C. The Sun is so large that you Cel fit ‘one milion Eas inside it. The Sun's internal structure includes the core, radiation sone, convection sore end Photosphere. The turbulence in the photosphereis visible from the eat inthe frm of sunspots, soar lates, prominences and Spal patches of gas called granules, The Sun consumes four milion tonnes of hydrogen every second. Even ca is 40 vast tour sar has enough fuel to keep it shining for another five billion years. Phases of the Moon e ear ee The moon seems to have different shapes at ferent times ofthe { Facts about the Moon Fioerestte os changing poston in elation to the Eath. These | * Thecnly natural sti ofthe plant Eanh eifferent shapes are known as the phases ofthe Moon, The interval between one full Moon and the next is 29.5 days, mim NGam nyo ne gan : she et Mon and fll Moon, when he Moon and the Sun arin line with the poe nn Enos and Sais nthe Northen ei Ean, ies are at thei highestand acy At quae andre. ‘quarter Moon, the ‘Sun, Sum and Moon are at fieht anges, 0 that the gaviaonal pul Af the Moon spay drceledoubythe iw Favitational pull of fesen tienesae | | Sy @ \ Hier lowest and are / j eSocap es Ee eon // Be a pt * Distance from Earth 384,400 km + Diameter-3,476 km ‘+ Mass-0.0123 of the Earths * Surface gravity—0.165 of the Earth's | + Time taken to orbit Earth (interval between one ful ‘eon and the next) ~29.53 days of 708 hours “+ Surface temperature- 120 °C maximum, 10-163 °C at night