DUTCH RAILWAY NOISE PREDICTION SCHEMES 375

measured at an unscreened reference location at 25 m from track and near the barrier
position respectively given by

where ( Lrer - L,,,) is the average level dcfference for one type of train averaged over five
passing trains of this type. The measurements were made within the specified meteorologi-
cal conditions of the meteorological window [4].
The transmission loss was also derived from values of L,, calculated for situations
with and without barrier, with all other factors kept constant.
Figure 6 presents results of calculations with one line of point sources at 0.25 m above
the rail and with the two sources of the final source model respectively. The largest

OL63’ I I I I I I I I
125 250 500 Ik 2k 4k ah
IO, , I 1 1 1 I I 1 1

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 6. Transmission loss of a 1 m high barrier for sound of a train passing at track 2, for different receiver
heights at 50m distance of track 1. Calculations have been made with different source models. (a) Receiver
height 1.5 m; (b) receiver height 5 m; (c) receiver height 10 m. -, Measured; - - -, calculated (2 source
positions); ....‘.., calculated (1 source position).

I I I I I I I I I
O 63 125 250 500 Ik 2k 3k 4k
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 7. Transmission loss of 2 m high barriers of different configuration for trains at track 1. Measurement
results: barrier type A, -, reflecting elements (not vertical); barrier type B,,- - -, reflecting elements (vertical);
barrier type C, ....‘.., absorbent elements. Calculated results: barrier type C, -. Receiver height 5 m, distance
25 m.