UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS 2020/2021

THIRD YEAR EXAMINATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OFSCIENCE
INELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
FEE 341:ELECTRICAL MACHINES 1A
DATE: 25FEBRUARY2021 TIME: 10.30 A.M.-12.30 P.M.

Instructions
ThisPaper Consists of FOUR Questions. not attempt m o r e than expected).
Question ONE and TWO other Questions (Do
Attempt work.
A BONUS will be for clean and well organized
awarded the Instructions on the Answer Booklet.
reminded to STRICTLY
adhere to
Candidates are

Calculator, Linear and Semilog Graph

Papers.
REQUIRED: Answer Booklet,

GENERAL DC MOTOR RELATIONS Series Connection

Separately Excited Shunt Connection
Quantity m
Motor Voltage
Motor Current aIm+I}
Armature Current
Iindependent
Field Current Rn=Ra + R
Motor Resistance RnRa
En=Knl Wmn-laRm_
Induced Voltage Pinmn
Input Electric Power Pnmm +R
Output Mechanical Power Paut Em
Pout
Efficiency Pin
m mdals
Torque

Note: 1 Oersted 79.577 Ampere-turn/metre

QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORY)-30 MARKS
(a) Provide TECHNICAL
SOLUTION(S) to the
you can and employ the use of equations wherefollowing problems. Be as much technical as
No
possible: (10 marks)
Electrical Machine
There is excessive Problem Technical Solution
Example arcing while DC
motor is under load Adjust the yoke to neutral position. This is
done by positioning the
an area on
adjacent brushes in
the commutator outside
between the or
in
polarity reference of the
armature coils
being
If field current is increased in a voltage across the brushes.energized with
separately excited DC motor, the speed
does not increase on the other hand.
11. Shunt DC generator does not
238V, 20A battery fully howevercharge a
it operates. The
much
battery and connecting
wires are not faulty though.
ii. The ratio of starting
torque to rated
torque of series DC motor is higher than
100 and the speed therefore
goes to an
unsafe value.
iv. There is accumulation of carbon dust
within DC machine. This has led to low
megohmmeter reading; leading to
notification of the DC drive to shut
down the power to of a
warn
potential to
ground.
.
Every time brushes always cause
unnecessary damage to the commutator.
This has led to downtime that is
equivalent to money lost.
(b) Consider the following table 1 of
used in magnetic
Magnetization and Permeability for electrical sheet steel
application.
Table 1
Magnetic Field Intensity, H (Oersteds) | 0.1 0.5 5 10 50 100
Flux Density, B(T)_ 0 0.241.08 1.48 1.54 1.68 1.72|
Relative Permeability 1300 4600 5400 2900 1500 350 | 200
i. From table 1, using semilog paper, draw, on the same Cartesian plane, magnetization and
permeability curves for electrical sheet steel used in magnetic application of Figure 1.
Label it as Graph 1. Use Graph 1
together with Figure I to answer questions in (i), (ii)
and (iv) below.
(4 marks)

0.47
 -0.8 m - I0m-

?m

0.8 m- -1.0m-

Figure 1: Magnetic Circuit

distribution. (1 mark)
i. Draw an equivalent magnetic circuit showing flux
coil in Figure 1 in order to
ii. Determine the voltage that must be applied to the magnetizing
which always occurs along
produce a flux density of 0.200T in the air gap. Flux fringing,
the magnetization curve for the
the sides of an air gap will be assumed negligible. Assume
core material (which is homogenous) is that given
in Graph 1. The coil has 80 turns and a
is 0.0400 ms. (10 marks)
resistance of 0.052. The cross section of the core material
three legs of the core, and compare the
iv. Determine the relative permeability of each of the
calculated values with the corresponding values obtained
from Graph 1. (5 marks)

OUESTION TWO_ 20 MARKS

A scheme of cylindrical machine is shown
in Figure 2. The self-inductances are constant and
a) currents in the two windings are given by
therefore no reluctance torque is produced. The
while the mutual inductance changes
i = lhmcoswt and iz I2m COs(W2t a) rotor with
= +
Mcose. The of the
position respect to the stator depends on
sinusoidally as =
Li2
mutual inductance, 0 is the angle
rotor speed and is =
wnt + 6. M is the peak value of
of the
between the magnetic axis of the stator and rotor windings, n is the angular velocity
rotor and ð is the rotor position at t= 0.

Figure 2: Motor with eylindrical stator and rotor

i. Derive an expression for the electromagnetic torque developed by the motor showing the

torque as a sum of four components, which vary sinusoidally with time. 5 marks)

3
 ii. Determine the value of speeds of the rotor at which the machine
ie. the speed when the rotor carries develops an average torque,
dc current, stator current and the
stator and the rotor
ac
speed when both
cary ac currents at different frequencies.
ii. Determine the (2 marks)
average torque at the speeds found in (ii) above (Hint: Two average torques
are required).
(6 marks)
(b) The inductances for Electromechanical
L1= (3 + 2cos20)x10-H, 22 Doubly Excited System, in Figure 3, are given as
Determine and plot the (30 +
10cos20)H and L2 Lz1 (0.3 cose)H.
=
= =

Torque, Tf(®), for current i 0.8A and =

iz 0.01A.
=
(12 marks)

Spring

Ektncal
sourcet Elostrical
otor source 2

Figure 3: Double Excited System

QUESTION THREE 20 MARKS

A battery
supplies DC shunt motor through a feeder. In turn, the motor drives
a

system data are first initialized in the

MATLAB
a
pump. The
program:
% DCshuntMotorPumpDriver.m
% DC shunt motor used to drive a
pump
clear all
% Pump torque-speed characteristics
a 1; % In N.mn
b 0.002 % In N.m.sec
Tpump (n) =
a + b*n^2;% Pump torque
% Feeder resistance
Rfeeder =0.2; % In ohms
% Fully charged battery voltage and internal resistance
Vbatt 25; % In V
Rbatt 0.05; % In ohm
% The motor data
Prated 1; % Rated power in hp
Vrated 24; % Rated voltage in V
Ra- 0.1; % Armature resistance in ohms
Rf= 10; % Field resistance in ohms
% The motor is tested and the
measurement results are
Vtest Vrated;
 Itest 90; % Test current in A
revolutions per minute
rpm= 1/min; % nmin is the time in minutes, rpm is the speed in
ntest 850; % test speed in rpm
test current,
(a) Draw an equivalent circuit diagram and calculate the motor parameters (field
induced voltage, angular speed and motor constant). (5 marks)
(b) Calculate motor voltages and currents as a function of the speed. (6 marks)
verses speed
(C) Compute and write a MATLAB code to plot the motor and pump torques
characteristics as shown in Figure 4, (5 marks)
(4 marks)
(d) Determine the operating point and overall efficiency of the system.
mOpm, Irpm.. I500rpm

Tnmorl
Nm

ponyp n .2
N m

1000 1500
S00
261 rpM
rpm

Figure 4: Motor and Pump Torque versus Speed

QUESTION FOUR 20 MARKS

of armature winding suitable for a 35hp, 4pole,
500rpm and 230V
List thedesign details
(a) are for type of winding,
number of slots,
motor. Flux per pole is 0.028Wb. (Details required
number of coils, back pitch, front
number of conductors, cross sectional area of conductor,
(10 marks)
pitch, commutator pitch and coil span).
is built of 0.75m and core
with an armature
(b) A 25OkW, 500V, 6pole, 600rpm, dc generator data obtained from
of 0.3m. The lap connected armature has 720 conductors. Using the
length core length, number of armature slots,
this machine, determine the armature diameter,
armature conductors and commutator segments for a 35OkW, 440V, 720rpm, 6pole dc
generator.
arc to pole pitch equal to 0.66. The full
load
Assume asquare pole face with ratio pole
is 4% of the rated voltage. The diameter of
efficiency is 0.91 and the internal voltage drop
commutator is 0.7 of armature diameter. The pitch
of the commutator segments should not be
should exceed 15V at no load.
less than 4mm. The voltage between adjacent segments
(10 marks)