Atomics.

compareExchange()
The static Atomics.compareExchange() method exchanges a given replacement value at a given
position in the array, if a given expected value equals the old value. It returns the old value at that
position whether it was equal to the expected value or not. This atomic operation guarantees that no
other write happens until the modified value is written back.

Syntax
Atomics.compareExchange(typedArray, index, expectedValue, replacementValue)

Parameters
typedArray
An integer typed array. One of Int8Array, Uint8Array, Int16Array, Uint16Array,
Int32Array, Uint32Array, BigInt64Array, or BigUint64Array.
index
The position in the typedArray to exchange a value.
expectedValue
The value to check for equality.
replacementValue
The number to exchange.

Return value
The old value at the given position (typedArray[index]).

Exceptions
 Throws a TypeError, if typedArray is not one of the allowed integer types.
 Throws a RangeError, if index is out of bounds in the typedArray.

Examples
Using compareExchange()
const sab = new SharedArrayBuffer(1024);
const ta = new Uint8Array(sab);
ta[0] = 7;

Atomics.compareExchange(ta, 0, 7, 12); // returns 7, the old value

Atomics.load(ta, 0); // 12

Specifications
Specification
ECMAScript Language Specification (ECMAScript)
#sec-atomics.compareexchange