MASOCHISM PERSONALITY DISORDER

1
Doctoral Profession Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University
2
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University

Corresponding Author E-mail :

ABSTRACT
Background :Personality disorders are disorders that often occur in society and their
behavior will have a negative impact or be judged by society, so Masochism is sexual satisfaction or
gratification from experiencing pain or suffering caused to him, often including sexual fantasies or the
urge to be hit, abused, tied up, tortured as an increase or substitute for sexual satisfaction.. Etiology :
Trauma, people who experience trauma such as being abused tend to respond to the event. Fear due to
parental behavior where as a child was beaten by his parents in the erogenous area, and get very deep
sexual satisfaction because of the beating. Desire, behavior, and sexual fantasies cause clinically
significant distress or impairment in social, work performance, or other important areas.
Management: Treatment methods such as social skills training and SSRI medications can reduce
sexual pleasure and drive and behavior and may be best suited for individuals with anxiety.
comorbidity, depression or obsessive compulsive disorder. Prognosis: Existing interventions only
allow for increased voluntary control through self-management skills over sexual arousal and reduced
sex drive, with the best outcome prognosticating only for people who are truly motivated to change..

Keywords : Etiology, Masochism Personality Disorder, Prognosis

ABSTRACT

Background: Mental disorders are a public health problem in the world. In general, mental disorders
are caused by psychological pressure both from outside the individual and from within the individual.
Coastal communities have a unique life, are faced directly with harsh ecosystem conditions, and
sources of life that depend on the utilization of coastal and marine resources (SDP). One form of
mental disorder that is found throughout the world is an organic mental disorder, one of which is a
personality disorder. Discussion: The communication model is an ideal description of what is needed
for communication to occur. Development communication is an organized effort to use communication
processes and media to improve social and economic standards, which generally take place in
developing countries. Coastal communities tend to survive by fulfilling their needs from marine
sources, namely fisheries. People who live in cities or coastal settlements have socio-economic
characteristics that are closely related to the economic source of the sea area. Conclusion: After
carrying out various efforts in development communication in the coastal region of the Brunei
Darussalam, there are various hopes that can improve economic conditions with various management
of coastal resources and other efforts.

Keywords: personality, coastal, development

A. PRELIMINARY Personality disorders are disorders that

often occur in society and their behavior
will have a negative impact or be judged a. Bind themselves
by society, so that it can cause severe b. Piercing their skin
damage to the life of the sufferer. c. Applying electric shock
Personality disorders can be found in all d. Burn yourself
groups of people and in various regions. e. Jump
Incidence and lifetime prevalence rates are f. Closed eyes
roughly the same worldwide. (Melisa and g. Beaten
Ramadhian, 2016). h. Flagellated (whipped)
Masochism is sexual satisfaction or i. Humiliated by urinating or
gratification from experiencing pain or defecating
suffering caused to him, often including j. Forced to cross-dress, part of a rape
sexual fantasies or the urge to be hit, simulation
abused, tied up, tortured, or other things
Sexual Masochism Behavior Criteria In
that make him suffer, as well as an
general, sexual masochistic behavior
increase or substitute for sexual
criteria are: (Saadat HS, 2014)
satisfaction (Berger FAQ, 2020).
a. During a period of at least 6 months,
Masochistic has the characteristics
strong and arousing sexual fantasies,
of getting sexual excitement and
behaviors, desires, or acts associated with
satisfaction obtained from stimulation by
humiliation, beating, shackles, or other
being treated cruelly both physically and
acts of violence or pain were actual (not
psychologically. Violent treatment can be
pretending).
done alone or by a partner (Sudira and
b. Sexual desires, behaviors, and fantasies
Saraswati, 2017).
cause clinically significant distress or
The prevalence of masochism in
impairment in social, occupational, or
Australia who conducted telephone
other important areas. The most dangerous
interviews with more than 19,000
behavior of masochism is hypoxphilia,
respondents found that about 2.2% of men
which causes sexual arousal by
and 1.3% of women (Wylie R and Wylie
experiencing a lack of oxygen, which can
A, 2016).
be achieved by using straps, plastic bags,
Masochistic activities may be a
chest compressions, or chemicals that
preferred or exclusive way to generate
cause a temporary decrease in oxygen
sexual arousal. Masochistic people act out
levels in the brain.
their fantasies to themselves, for example,
by: (Brown RG, 2021)
 Hypoxyphilia is a dangerous form of
masochism involving sexual arousal with a
lack of oxygen achieved by means of chest
compressions, snares, straps, plastic bags,
masks, or chemicals. Lack of oxygen can be
done alone or with a partner. Data from the
United States, United Kingdom, Australia and
Canada indicate that 1–2 deaths per million
population are reported annually (Berger
FAQ, 2020).
Asphyxiophilia is one of the most
dangerous conditions associated with SMD
and is characterized by the use of various
strategies to achieve the oxygen depletion
level required to increase sexual arousal, such
as self-strangulation, hanging, suffocation
with objects such as plastic bags over the
head, chest compressions, use of volatile
gases or solvents, or a combination of these,
to the point of loss of consciousness
(Coluccia A et al, 2016).
The diagnosis of sexual masochism
disorder is based on specific clinical criteria
from the Pocket Book on Diagnosis of Mental
Disorders. Brief Reference From PPDGJ-III
and DSM 5: (Maslim R, 2013)
B. ETIOLOGY
a. A preference for sexual activity that
involves bondage or causes pain or
humiliation; (individuals who prefer to
be recipients of such stimulation are
called 'masochism', as perpetrator =
'sadism').
b. Often individuals get sexual stimulation
from sadistic and masochistic activities.
c. This category is used only when
sadomasochistic activity is an important
source of stimulation for sexual
gratification.
d. It must be distinguished from brutality
in sexual relations or anger unrelated to
eroticism.
The diagnosis of sexual masochism
disorder is based on specific clinical
criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
(DSM-5): (Brown RG, 2021)
a. The patient has been repeatedly
and severely aroused by being
humiliated, beaten, tied up, or
abused; arousal is expressed in
fantasies, strong urges, or behavior.
b. Their fantasies, strong urges, or
behaviors cause significant distress
or interfere with functioning at
work, in social situations, or in
other important areas.
c. This condition has existed since 6
months.
1. Trauma, people who experience trauma
such as being abused tend to respond to
new events as if reliving the traumatic
event. This unconsciously makes him
currently stressed for no apparent reason.
 2. Fear due to parental behavior where
when he was a child his parents were
beaten in the erogenous area, and got very
deep sexual satisfaction because of the
beating. So that every time he wants to
repeat the masochistic event. Especially
when the child is an adult and has a
partner. 3. Model of homosexuality
“Exotic Becomes Erotic”, Uang
formulated the concept of “lovemap”
which refers to the cognitive
representation of the erotic ideal and
sexual union with that ideal. In the case of
heterosexual men, the "lovemap" will
contain a maximally attractive
representation of a woman and a needed to reduce sexual fantasies or
representation of a sexual relationship with
an ideal lover (Abrams M, 2012).
C. GOVERNANCE
A person with masochism rarely asks for
help until someone becomes an unwilling
or hurt partner. The seriousness and
intensity of this behavior often increases
over time. The prospects for improvement
vary depending on the depth of the
underlying dynamics and the motivation of
the patient. Like any other type of
problem, fixing is largely down to people's
willingness and willingness to change
(Berger FAQ, 2020).
The method of treatment is in the
form of social skills training. It is thought
that some people who develop sadistic and
masochistic behavior may, in part, do so
because they do not know how to form
healthy relationships, whether sexual or
nonsexual, with other people.
Although social skills training is not
considered a substitute for medication or
psychotherapy, it does appear to be a
useful adjunct to treatment. The twelve-
step program for sexual addicts has proven
to be very helpful in many cases. Couples
therapy or family therapy is especially
helpful for patients who are married and
whose marriages and family ties have been
strained by their disorder (Berger FAQ,
2020).
Pharmacological treatment may be
behavior when an individual continues to
experience stress from their masochism or
when they put themselves at risk of harm,
for example asphyxiation, bodily injury or
blood loss. No medications are specifically
licensed for sexual masochism disorder but
SSRI medications can reduce sexual
preoccupation and drive and behavior and
may be best suited for individuals who
have comorbid anxiety, depression or
obsessive compulsive disorder. (Wylie R
and Wylie A, 2016).
D. PROGNOSIS
Although psychological and
pharmacological interventions are
designed to manage paraphilias and
paraphilia disorders; final treatment or
change has not been established. Existing
interventions only allow for increased disorders/paraphilic-
voluntary control through self- disorders/sexual-masochism-disorder
management skills of sexual arousal and Coluccia A, Gabbrielli M, Gualtieri G,
reduced sex drive, with the best prognostic Ferretti F, Pozza A, and Fagiolini A.
outcomes only for those who are truly 2016. Sexual Masochism Disorder
motivated to change. Those who with Asphyxiophilia: A Deadly yet
participated in therapy either alone or, Underrecognized Disease. Hindawi
ideally, combined management of Publishing Corporation .Case
psychological interventions and drugs Reports in Psychiatry , 1-4
showed improvement with marked Fisher KA, Marwaha R. 2021. paraphilia.
reductions in the intensity and frequency StatPearls Publishing LLC
of deviant sexual arousal and the resulting https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK
554425/#!po=53.5714
behavior. However, the literature shows
that most sexual offenders are likely to re- Maslim R, 2013. Pocket Book on
offend. (Fisher KA, Marwaha R, 2021) Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: A
Brief Reference from PPDGJ-III.
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