MYZ‡š¿ ivR‰bwZK `j I wbe©vPb

(Political Party and Election in Democracy)

ivR‰bwZK `j MYZ‡š¿i Avek¨Kxq GKwU cÖwZôvb| ivR‰bwZK `j wewfbœ bxwZ I Av`k© Øiv cwiPvwjZ nq| G
`j¸‡jv RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ges bxwZ-wba©viY K‡i RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ miKvi cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e
h_vh_ cÖwZwbwaZ¡ I myôzfv‡e cÖkvmb e¨e¯’v cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ myôz, wbi‡cÿ wbe©vPb AZ¨vek¨K| G ai‡bi wbe©vPb
†Kej `ÿ I ¯^vaxb wbe©vPb Kwgkb w`‡qB m¤¢e bq| †m Rb¨ miKvi, ivR‰bwZK `j I RbM‡Yi B”Qv AZ¨šÍ
Riæwi| G BDwb‡U g~jZ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji f‚wgKv, evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ivR‰bwZK wbe©vPb I evsjv‡`‡ki
wbe©vPb Kwgkb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 1 mßvn

cvV-7.1 ivR‰bwZK `j
(Political Party)
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji msÁv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ˆewkó¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †Kvb msMVb ivR‰bwZK `j Avi †KvbwU bq Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã bxwZ-Av`©k, Kg©m~wP, mvsweavwbK, Bk‡Znvi, ¯’vbxq-RvZxq, ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ

ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK `j Ab¨Zg| GwU g~jZ GK `j Rbmgwó hviv wbw`©ó bxwZ
I Av`k© Ges j‡ÿ¨ HK¨e×| ivR‰bwZK `j g~jZ RbM‡Yi `vwe `vIqv cÖKv‡ki cøvUdi&&g| RvwZ ag©-
eY© wj½, †kÖwY †ckv wbwe©‡k‡l mKj Rb‡Mvôx †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `‡j AšÍf~©³ n‡Z cv‡i| ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖavb
D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q wbqgZvwš¿K I mvsweavwbK cš’vq ivóªxq ÿgZvq AwawôZ nIqv| A_©vr wbe©vP‡b Ask MÖnY Kiv Ges
wbe©vPwb Bk‡Znvi cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q RbMY‡K AvKl©Y Kiv| eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi AwaKvsk iv‡óªB GKvwaK ivR‰bwZK
`j i‡q‡Q| MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK `j Acwinvh©| Z‡e †h me iv‡óª MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v †bB †m me iv‡óª
ivR‰bwZK `jI †bB| †hgb †mŠw` Avie, evnivBb, Igvb, KvZvi G ivRZš¿ we`¨gvb| ZvB Gme †`‡k
ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl×| ivRcwievi I cwil`B ivR‰bwZK wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| ZvQvov mvgwiK miKvi ÿgZvq
_vK‡jI ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl× _v‡K| Z‡e wkÿv, Ávb-weÁv‡bi weKv‡ki d‡j ivR‰bwZK `j m„wói cÖeYZv w`b-
w`b e„w× cv‡”Q Ges MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi c_ myMg n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq †cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv

ivR‰bwZK `‡ji msÁv

wewfbœ ivóªweÁvbx cÖ`Ë K‡qKwU msÁv wb¤œiƒc-
n¨viì jvmI‡qj Gi gZvbymv‡i- ÒivR‰bwZK `j nj Ggb GKwU msMVb hv wbe©vP‡b Kg©m~Px w¯’I K‡I Ges cÖv_x©
`uvo Kivq|Ó
Aa¨vcK Gjvb Avi ej e‡jb ÒhLb †Kvb RbmsMVb GKKfv‡e ev Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji m‡½ GK‡hv‡M ivR‰bwZK ÿgZv
`Lj Ki‡Z Ges Zv eRvq ivL‡Z m‡Pó nq ZLb Zv‡K ivR‰bwZK `j e‡jÓ|
A_©vr ivR‰bwZK `j nj GKwU msMVb hv †Kvb bxwZ-Av`k© I Kg©m~wPi gva‡g ÿgZv jv‡fi †Póv K‡i Ges
miKvi MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb evsjv‡`‡k AvIqvgx jxM, fvi‡Zi RvZxq Ks‡MÖm, Av‡gwiKv hy³iv‡óªi
†W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© BZ¨vw`|
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ˆewkó¨
Dc‡ii msÁv¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡i ivR‰bwZK `‡ji wb¤œiƒc ‰ewkó¨ cvIqv hvq-
(1) msNe× Rbmgwó: msNe× Rbmgwó ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| ivR‰bwZK `‡j wewfbœ RvwZ ag© eY©,
wj‡½i RbMY HK¨e× n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e A‡bK †ÿ‡Î ag©wfwËK ivR‰bwZK `jI jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
(2) wbw`©ó bxwZ I Av`©k: cÖ‡Z¨KwU ivR‰bwZK `‡jiB wbw`©ó wKQz bxwZ I Av`k© _v‡K| G bxwZ I Av`©‡ki
wfwˇZB RbMY msNe× n‡q _v‡K| mvsweavwbK cš’vq ÿgZv jvf Ki‡j `jwU Zv‡`i Av`k© ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z
Pvq| †hgb Rvg©vwbi MÖxb cvwU©, cwi‡ek msiÿYB G ivR‰bwZK `‡ji g~j D‡Ïk¨|
(3) mvsweavwbKfv‡e ÿgZv jvf: eZ©gv‡b mvsweavwbKfv‡e ÿgZv jv‡fi †Kvb weKí †bB| ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvI
†mfv‡e Zv‡`i Kg© cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| †Kvb GKwU `‡ji c‡ÿ GKKfv‡e ÿgZv jvf m¤¢e bv n‡j
†RvUMZfv‡e ÿgZv jv‡fi †Póv K‡i|
(4) mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv: ivR‰bwZK `j GKwU msMVb| ZvB GwU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wjwLZ wbqgKvbyb (MVbZš¿)
_v‡K| hvi wfwˇZ GKwU mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv M‡o †Zvjv nq| Av`k© ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv
MYZvwš¿Kfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq|
(5) ¯’vbxq I RvZxq Ae¯’vb: ivR‰bwZK `j ¯’vbxq, RvZxq ev Efq Ae¯’v‡bB Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| c„w_exi
e„nr iv󪸇jv‡Z A‡bK ¯’vbxq ivR‰bwZK `j †`Lv hvq| †hgb fvi‡Zi mgvRev`x `j †Kej `wÿY fvi‡Z
mwµq|
A_©vr ivR‰bwZK `‡ji wbw`©ó bxwZ-Av`©k I Kg©m~wP _v‡K| ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Kvh©µ‡gi Dci GKwU †`‡ki
ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZi cwieZ©b I BwZevPK ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb wbf©i K‡i| †gvÏvK_v ivR‰bwZK `j B‡”Q Ki‡j
GKwU †`‡ki cÖf~Z Dbœqb NUv‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cuvPwU ˆewkó¨ wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc
eZ©gvb ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq ivR‰bwZK `j Acwinvh©| ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ bxwZ-Av`©k Øviv Kg©m~wP
cwiPvjbv K‡i| ivR‰bwZK `j GKwU msNe× Rbmgwó hviv mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq I RvZxqfv‡e
Zv‡`i Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| eZ©gv‡b ivR‰bwK `j¸‡jvi Av`©kwfwËK Kvh©µg †ek jÿYxq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.1

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 96

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ
1| ÒivR‰bwZK `j Ggb GKwU msMVb hv wbe©vPb Kg©m~Px w¯’i K‡i Ges cÖv_©x `uvo KivqÓÑ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji G
msÁvwU w`‡q‡QbÑ
K) n¨viì jvw¯‹ L) Avi Gg g¨vKvBfvi M) Gm Gg wjc‡mU N) n¨viì jvmI‡qj
2| ivR‰bwZK `jÑ
i. msNe× Rbmgwó
ii. Av`k©nxb
iii. ¯’vbxq I RvZxq

wb‡Pi †Kvb&&wU mwVK?

K) i L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 97

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq †cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv

cvV-7.2 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji f~wgKv

(Role of Political Party)

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji f~wgKv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bwZevPK w`K Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj, msMVb, MVbg~jK, we‡ivaxZv, AZš¿ cÖnix, ivR‰bwZK mwnsmZv

eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi AwaKvsk iv‡óªB cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj MYZš¿ we`¨gvb| G e¨e¯’vwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji f~wgKvi
ga¨ w`‡qB mdj n‡q _v‡K| †Kbbv GKgvÎ ivR‰bwZK `jB RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© R.M. McIver e‡jb, ivR‰bwZK `j Qvov †Kvb Av`k©, bxwZ, wbqwgZfv‡e
mvsweavwbK I msm`xq wbe©vPb, ev †Kvb cÖwZôv‡biB Kvh©Ki I cwiPvjbv m¤¢e bq| wb¤œiƒc f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y
ivR‰bwZK `j Acwinvh©|
(K) †bZ…Z¡ m„wó: ivR‰bwZK `‡ji GKwU mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv _v‡K| †hLv‡b wewfbœ BDwbU, wefvM ev ch©vq _v‡K|
cÖ‡Z¨K †ÿ‡ÎB K‡qK Rb e¨w³ †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q _v‡K| d‡j GKRb m`m¨ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY
K‡i KLbI GKwU BDwb‡Ui †bZ…Z¡ †`evi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| Gfv‡e ivóªxq †bZ…Z¡ †`evi g‡Zv †bZ…Z¡I m„wó
nq|
(L) RbMY‡K msNe× Kiv: ivR‰bwZK `j GKwU msNe× Rbmgwó| RvZxq I Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© wewfbœ wel‡q
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji m`m¨MY mvaviY RbMY‡K HK¨e× K‡i _v‡Kb| `‡ji bxwZ Av`©k I Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g
`‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v e„w× K‡i _v‡K|
(M) ivóª cwiPvjbv: P~ovšÍ wePv‡i ivR‰bwZK `jB ivóª cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| wbe©vP‡b †h `j msL¨vMwiôZv jvf
K‡i ZvivB mvaviYZ miKvi MVb K‡i| Gfv‡e Zviv bxwZ Av`k© I wbe©vPwb cÖwZkÖæwZ Abyhvqx ivóª cwiPvjbv
K‡i|
(N) ivR‰bwZK m‡PZbZv m„wó: ivóªweÁvbx I `vk©wbK Gwi÷Uj Gi g‡Z gvbyl gvÎB mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Rxe|
ZvB ivRbxwZi cÖwZ mK‡ji GKUv AvKl©Y _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K ivR‰bwZK `j Zv‡`i e³…Zv, †mwgbvi, c_mfv,
wbe©vPbx cÖPvi I wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g mvaviY RbMY‡K ivR‰bwZKfv‡e m‡PZb K‡i _v‡K| d‡j †Kvb
bvMwiK mivmwi ivR‰bwZK `‡ji m`m¨ bv n‡jI Zvi ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nq| hv Zv‡K
Av`k© bvMwiK n‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|
(O) RvZxq mgm¨v wPwýZKiY: we¯Í…Z mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi gva¨‡g ivR‰bwZK `j †`‡ki mvgwMÖK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K©
AewnZ _v‡K| d‡j RvZxq †Kvb mgm¨v mn‡RB wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| miKvwi `j n‡j Zv mivmwi mgvavb
Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i Ab¨w`‡K we‡ivax `j n‡j Zv‡`i Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g mgm¨v I mgvavb m¤ú‡K© miKv‡ii
Dci Pvc m„wó K‡i|
(P) MVbg~jK we‡ivaxZv Kiv: we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv miKv‡ii Kvh©µ‡gi f~jÎæwU awi‡q w`‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ
Bm~¨‡Z miKv‡ii MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv K‡i|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 98

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

MYZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’v ivR‰bwZK `j Qvov A_©nxb| G ‡ÿ‡Î ivR‰bwZK `j MYZ‡š¿i cÖnix wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
ivóªxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq, Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bm~¨mn mKj wel‡q ivR‰bwZK `j mvaviY RbMY‡K HK¨e× K‡I _v‡K|
mvaviY RbMY GK ai‡bi ivR‰bwZK Ávb AR©b K‡i Ges ivRbxwZ‡Z RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY e„w× †c‡q MYZ‡š¿I g~j
jÿ¨ AwR©Z nq|

ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bwZevPK w`K

ivR‰bwZK `j A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| wKš‘ Dbœqbkxj I AbybœZ †`k¸‡jvi ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZi
†Zgb DbœwZ bv nIqvq ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv A‡bK mgq MVbg~jK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| we‡kl K‡i
ÿgZvmxb ivR‰bwZK `‡ji weiæ‡× `ybx©wZ, ¯^RbcÖxwZ, we‡ivax `j `gb Kivi g‡Zv A‡bK Awf‡hvM D‡V|
Abw`‡K we‡ivax `j¸‡jv miKvwi `j‡K mn‡hvwMZv bv K‡i we‡ivaxZvi LvwZ‡i we‡ivaxZv K‡i †`‡ki Dbœqb‡K
evavMÖ¯’ K‡i| we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j A‡bK mgq †`k we‡ivax lohš¿, ¸ßnZ¨v, ivR‰bwZK mwnsmZv m„wó K‡i
_v‡K|
†gv‡Ui Dci eZ©gvb ivR‰bwZK `j Qvov ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v m¤úyY© bq| Z‡e ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Af¨šÍ‡i
MYZ‡š¿i PP©v bv _vK‡j `j †`‡ki Dbœq‡b Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i bv|

wkÿv_©xi KvR Dbœqbkxj †`‡k ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bwZevPK Kg©KvÛ D‡jøL Kiæb|

mvims‡ÿc
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eZ©gv‡b cÖgvwYZ| Z‡e Gi ¸b I †`vl DfqB i‡q‡Q| †bZ…Z¡ m„wó,
mvsweavwbKfv‡e ÿgZvq hvIqvmn ivR‰bwZK `j Acwinvh© A‡bK KvR K‡i _v‡K| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î
ivR‰bwZK `j miKvi‡K Amn‡hvwMZvI K‡i| we‡kl K‡i Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z msKxY© ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ
_vKvq miKvwi `j we‡ivax `j¸‡jv‡K `g‡bi †Póv K‡i| we‡ivax`jI †Kej we‡ivaxZvi Kvi‡Y we‡ivaxZv K‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.2

eûwbe©vPbx Afxÿv
1| †Kvb&& e¨e¯’vi Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK `j Acwinvh©?
K) GKbvqKZš¿ L) ga¨Zš¿ M) MYZš¿ N) AwfRvZZš¿
2| ivR‰bwZK `j ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KviY.....|
i. †bZ…Z¡ m„wó K‡i
ii. ivóª cwiPvjbv K‡i
iii. A‡hŠw³K we‡ivaxZv K‡i
wb‡Pi †Kvb&&wU mwVK?
K) i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. †KvbwUB bq

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 99

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq †cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv

cvV-7.3 evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ivR‰bwZK `j

(Political Parties of Bangladesh)
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

 evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Ae¯’vb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU ivR‰bwZK `j m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|

gyL¨ kã wbeÜb, wbe©vPb, †RvU, †emvgwiKxKiY, m‡¤§jb, mfvcwZ, m¤úv`K, wefw³, cÖwZôv

¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mg‡q evsjv‡`‡k kZvwaK ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Avwef©ve n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b AwaKvsk
`‡jiB ‡Zgb †Kvb Aw¯ÍZ¡ cvIqv hvq bv| A‡bK¸‡jv wQj mvBb‡evW© me©¯^ †KvbwU ev e¨w³ me©¯^
†KvbwU c¨vW me©¯^| bvbv Kvi‡Y wbe©vP‡b ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi RvgvbvZ ev‡Rqvß nZ| A‡bK `j wbe©vP‡b
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖv_©x g‡bvqbI w`‡Z cv‡i wb| G ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wbe©vPb Kwgkb mKj ivR‰bwZK `‡ji wbeÜb
eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i| eZ©gv‡b 41wU wbewÜZ ivR‰bwZK `j i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ †_‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU `‡ji cwiwPwZ
wb‡P Zz‡j aiv nj|
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM
1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb cÖwZwôZ AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM †_‡KB evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rb¥| cieZ©x‡Z 1955
mv‡j `jwUi bvg †_‡K gymwjg kãwU ev` w`‡q AvIqvgx jxM Kiv nq| gIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx Ges
kvgmyj nK wQ‡jb cÖ_g mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`K| 1966 mv‡j †kL gywReyi ingvb `jwUi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ
nb| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× 1971 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i| evOvwj RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿, ag© wbi‡cÿZv I †kvlYgyw³ G PviwU g~jbxwZi Dci `jwU cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q|
¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K †`k cybM©Vb, ˆ¯^ivPvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, MYZš¿ cÖwZôvq `jwU Abe`¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q|
1981 mvj †_‡K †kL nvwmbv `jwUi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| eZ©gvb gnv‡RvU miKv‡ii g~j `j nj
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM|
evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (we.Gb.wc.)
¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mg‡q MwVZ ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e„nËg nj evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (weGbwc)|
ZrKvjxb ivóªcwZ wRqvDi ingvb 1978 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^‡i wewfbœ RvZxqZvev`x kwiK `j mgš^‡q evsjv‡`k
RvZxqZvev`x `j (we.Gb. wc.) cÖwZôv K‡ib| XvKvi igbv MÖx‡b wZwb G †NvlYv †`b| we.Gb. wcÕi `jxq msweavb
Abyhvqx Zv‡`i ivRbxwZi g~jbxwZ nj- me©kw³gvb Avjøvni Dci c~Y© Av¯’v I wek¦vm, RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿,
mgvRZš¿ (A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi A‡_©)| cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K `jwU G ch©šÍ 1979, 1991 I 2001
mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡i miKvi cwiPvjbv K‡i| `jwUi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv|
RvZxq cvwU©
ZrKvjxb †mbvkvmK û‡mBb gynv¤§` Gikv` 1986 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi RvZxq cvwU© cÖwZôv K‡ib| g~jZ mvgwiK
ÿgZvi †emvgwiKxKi‡Yi Ask wn‡m‡e wZwb `jwU cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‡b `jwU `yB evi (1986
I 1988) msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `j G `yÕwU wbe©vPbB eR©b K‡i| 1990 mv‡j Ab¨vb¨
ivR‰bwZK¸‡jvi mw¤§wjZ Av‡›`vj‡b RvZxq cvwU© ÿgZv Qvo‡Z eva¨ nq| RvZxq cvwU©i †bZv û‡mBb gynv¤§`
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BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 102

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BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 103

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BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 104

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eûwbe©vPbx Afxÿv
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BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 105

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(Electoral Management Body)

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evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vPbx ms¯’vi bvg wbe©vPb Kwgkb evsjv‡`k| GwU GKwU mvsweavwbK cÖwZôvb|
MVb
msweav‡bi mßg fv‡M wbe©vPb Kwgkb cÖwZôv, wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi `vwqZ¡ KZ©e¨ Ges ÿgZv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Aby‡”Q`
i‡q‡Q| Aby‡”Q` 118 Abyhvqx cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi Ges AbwaK Pvi Rb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi jBqv evsjv‡`‡ki
wbe©vPb Kwgkb MwVZ n‡e| wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi MVb †Kgb n‡e Zvi wbw`©ó †Kvb AvBb †bB| G welqwU ivóªcwZi
GLwZqvivaxb| ivóªcwZ mvaviYZ ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i mvP© KwgwU MVb K‡ib| G mvP©
KwgwU wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi Rb¨ †hvM¨ m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ K‡i| ivóªcwZ Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi Ges
Ab¨vb¨ wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zuviv mvaviYZ 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ wb‡qvMcÖvß nb| wbe©vPb KwgkbviMY
ivóªcwZ‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i wjwLZ ¯^xq ¯^vÿihy³ c‡Îi gva¨‡g c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| XvKvi AvMviMuvI G wbe©vPb
Kwgk‡bi wbR¯^ GKwU mwPevjq i‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq I RvZxq wbe©vPb myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ mviv †`‡k Kwgk‡bi
Kvh©vjq I Rbej i‡q‡Q| wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi gZ gnvhÁ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖkvm‡bi me©¯Í‡ii m`m¨MY wbe©vPb
Kwgkb‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K| cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU msweav‡b ewY©Z wb‡`©kvewj I Ab¨vb¨ AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|
eZ©gv‡b (2006) †`‡k 26wU wbe©vPwb AvBb, wewa I Aa¨v‡`k Kvh©Ki i‡q‡Q|

ÿgZv I Kvh©vejx
msweav‡bi 119, 121, 122, 123 I 124 Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx wbe©vPb Kwgkb
(1) ivóªcwZ, msm` m`m¨‡`i wbe©vPb Abyôvb Ki‡e
(2) ivóªcwZ I msm` m`m¨ wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb Ki‡e
(3) msm` wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vPbx GjvKv wba©viY Ki‡e
(4) GjvKv wfwËK †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb
(5) msweav‡bi weavb mv‡c‡ÿ wbe©vPb msµvšÍ mKj wel‡q weavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 106

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

GQvovI BDwbqb cwil`, Dc‡Rjv cwil`, †Rjv cwil`, wmwU K‡c©v‡ikbmn me ai‡bi ¯’vbxq wbe©vPb AbyôvbI
wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi `vwqZ¡| wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ Zdwmj †NvlYv, g‡bvqbcÎ MÖnY I hvPvB-evQvB, wbe©vPbx AvPiY
wewa ch©‡eÿY I †fv‡Ui kvwšÍc~Y© cwi‡ek eRvq ivLv me wel‡qB wbe©vPb Kwgkb‡K `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
evsjv‡`‡k †fv‡Ui djvdj mvaviYZ H w`bB ‡fvUvi I cÖv_x©i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq| GB djvdjwU
†emiKvwi djvdj| cieZx©‡Z wbe©vPb Kwgkb †M‡RU AvKv‡i A_©vr miKvwifv‡e djvdj cÖKvk K‡i| wbe©vP‡bi
mgq wbe©vPb Kwgkb kvmb wefv‡Mi wbKU cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv †c‡Z cv‡i|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi Rb¨ GKwU ¯^vaxb I wbi‡cÿ wbe©vPb Kwgkb Acwinvh©| evsjv‡`‡ki
msweav‡bi aviv Abyhvqx GKwU ¯^vaxb wbe©vPb Kwgkb i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ bvbvwea Kvi‡Y GwU GLbI †Zgb MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wbe©vPbx ms¯’v ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb?

mvims‡ÿc
evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vPbx ms¯’vi bvg wbe©vPb Kwgkb evsjv‡`k| ivóªcwZ 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ Kwgkbvi‡`i wb‡qvM K‡ib|
wbe©vPb Kwgkb RvZxq, ¯’vbxq, ivóªcwZ wbe©vPbmn MY‡fvU Abyôvb K‡i _v‡K| wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi wbR¯^ Kvh©vjq
I Rbej i‡q‡Q| Z‡e msweav‡bi aviv g‡Z wbe©vP‡bi mgq Kwgk‡bi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK kvmb wefvM wbe©vPb
Kwgkb‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.6

eûwbe©vPbx Afxÿv
1| MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki KZ Aby‡”Q‡` wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi `vwqZ¡ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q?
(K) 117 (L) 118 (M) 119 (N) 120
2| evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi KvR njÑ
i. †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb
ii. wbe©vPb Abyôvb Kiv
iii. ivR‰bwZK `j MVb Kiv

wb‡Pi †Kvb&&wU mwVK?

K) i L. i I ii M. i I iii N. meKwU

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 107

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq †cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPbx Afxÿv
1| RvZxq msm‡` bvix‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ Avmb KZwU?
(K) 45 (L) 50 (M) 300 (N) 350
QKwU gb‡hvM w`‡q ch©‡eÿY K‡i Ges 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb Kiæb

MYZ‡š¿ ÔKÕ `‡ji KvR

wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g MVbg~jK ivR‰bwZK RbgZ MVb †bZ…Z¡ ˆZwi

wbqgZvwš¿K Dcv‡q mgv‡jvPbv wkÿv`vb
miKvi MVb
2| MYZ‡š¿i weKv‡k ¸iæZ¡c~Y-©
i. myôz I wbi‡cÿ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g miKvi MVb Kiv|
ii. `jxq Kg©x‡`i gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv|
iii. miKv‡ii Kv‡R we‡ivax `‡ji MVbg~jK we‡ivaxZv|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
3| Q‡Ki `jwUi f~wgKv¸‡jv cvjb Ki‡Z mnR n‡e-
(K) ivRZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’vq (L) mgvRZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’vq
(M) GKbvqKZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’vq (N) MYZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’vq

m„Rbkxj iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

2008 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k beg RvZxq wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| G wbe©vP‡b gqgbwms‡ni GKwU Avmb †_‡K ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ
cÖv_©x cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡i| Zviv †fvUvi‡`i evwo‡Z evwo‡Z †h‡q Zv‡`i mgm¨vi K_v †kv‡bb| GQvovI Zviv wbe©vPbx
GjvKvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wgwUs, mfv, gvBwKs I wgwQj Kg©m~wP cvjb K‡ib| wbe©vP‡b †fvUviMY ÔKÕ e¨w³‡K mr, †hvM¨
I wbôvevb g‡b K‡i †fvU w`‡q weRqx K‡ib|
(K) †Kvb miKvi e¨e¯’vq ivR‰bwZK `‡ji f~wgKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?
(L) ivR‰bwZK g~j jÿ¨ †KvbwU?
(M) ÔKÕ e¨w³‡K †Kvb c×wZ‡Z wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq? eY©bv w`b|
(N) wbe©vP‡b ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ cÖv_©xi Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †Kvb †Kvb cÖavb Kv‡Ri cÖwZdjb jÿ¨
K‡i‡Qb? Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw³ w`b|
DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.1 : 1| N 2| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.2 : 1| M 2| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.3 : 1| L 2| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.4 : 1| M 2| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.5 : 1| M 2| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.6 : 1| L 2| L

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv 108