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0
 >; 5J@KLMNOP+QRARNRM+SJ@K+==:=BC<
Potrebno je izraditi kompletan projekat električne instalacije i osvetljenja stana čija je
građevinska osnova data na priloženom crtežu. Projekat mora da obuhvati:
1. Proračun osvetljenja za prostoriju sa najvećim i srednjim potrebnim nivoom
osvetljenosti i procenu instalisane snage osvetljenja ostalih prostorija,
2. Planove instalacije osvetljenja i utičnica kao i jednopolnu šemu razvodne table u
stanu,
3. Kompletan proračun vodova: za napajanje zgrade (od TS do KPO), mernog
razvodnog ormana (KPO – MRO), razvodne table stana (MRO – RT) i svih
strujnih kola u stanu,
4. Proveru vrednosti pada napona i zaštite od strujnog udara,
5. Pregled instalisane snage osvetljenja, usvojenih preseka i osigurača za sva strujna
kola u stanu kao i pregleda opterećenja po fazama,
6. Specifikaciju materijala.
Projekat uskladiti sa svim važećim propisima i standardima. Strogo se pridržavati i
predvideti sve mere zaštite. Posebni zahtevi sa kojima treba uskladiti projekat su:
• Zgrada se napaja iz distributivne transformatorske stanice u koju je ograđen
transformator od 630 kVA, 10/0.42 kV/kV, PCun=6.5 kW, PFe0=1.3 kW, sprege
Dyn5.
• Distributivna mreža je kablovska. Preko odcepa (kabla) koji je potrebno
dimenzionisati napajaju se 3 slične zgrade. Prva se nalazi na 25 m od TS, a
međusobno su udaljene po 12 m. U projektu smatrati da se stan nalazi u
najudaljenijoj zgradi.
• Zgrada ima 7 spratova sa po 3 slična stana. Zajednička potrošnja se može
posmatrati kao potrošnja dodatnog stana.
• U svakom stanu se predviđa ugradnja trofaznih utičnica za napajanje trofaznog
štednjaka. Simetriranje opterećenja je potrebno izvesti za svaki stan ponaosob.
• MRO su raspoređeni po spratovima, a najveće rastojanje od MRO do RT iznosi
12 m.
• Zaštita od previsokog napona dodira se izvodi sistemom TN-C/S, pri čemu se PE i
N provodnik odvajaju u KPO gde je izvršeno i glavno izjednačenje potencijala
njihovim vezivanjem na uzemljivač.
• Merama zaštite treba predvideti pojačane mere zaštite u kupatilu i izjednačenje
potencijala metalnih delova.
• Objekat se zagreva daljinski, a hladi se i dogreva električnom energijom (klima
uređaji).
• Za zagrevanje tople vode u kupatilu i kuhinji predvideti akumulacioni i protočni
bojler, respektivno.
• Može se smatrati da je srednja snaga po utičnici oko 500 W, a da je snaga
električnog štednjaka oko 7000 W. Snaga ugrađenih klima uređaja iznosi 2200 W
(4 uređaja). Snaga protočnog bojlera iznosi oko 2500 W, a akumulacionog oko
2000 W. Za dogrevanje kupatila koristi se grejalica snage 1200 W.
• Predviđeno je da zidovi i tavanica objekta budu izrađeni u svetloj boji.
Projektni zadatak izdat: Predmetni asistent: Student – projektant:

U Banjaluci, 21. Maja 2001. Dejan Raca, dipl. ing. Borislav Marić, 0030/95

1
9;$LTOPUMP+@VPW+XWY@KLOPT+JKLZLOKR+WR+WYP[+V@NJLSOP[+VJ@JRUXOP[R

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6%RQY@AOX+NRS\X+X+WNROX+X?JRAPNP+X+QPA+PQORA+X\RQOPT+YJRNR;
6DY@O]L+V@WNRYPNP+OR+QPA+PQORA+X\RQOPT+YJRNR;)Q+JRQY@AOL+NRS\L+A@YLWNP+^RQOP+P+OX\NP
VJ@Y@AOPM+OR+VJP[RJ+NJROW^@J[RN@JR+QR+QY@O]L;2R+WLMXOARJR+^RQOP+VJ@Y@AOPM+V@\@_PNP
VJLM@+NRWNLJR+A@+QY@OR;
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MROR\L+@WNRY\KLOL+VJP\PM@[+PQ\PYROKR+SLN@OWML+V\@UL;
65J@Y@AOPML+@WNR\PT+WNJXKOPT+MJX?@YR+V@\R?RNP+X+QPA+T@JPQ@ONR\O@+OR+JRWN@KROKX+:=+][+@A
NRYROP]L+P+OR+YPWPOP+ORK[ROKL+AYR+[LNJR+@A+V@AR;
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Y@APNP+PWM\KXUPY@+@M@[PN@+`VRJR\L\O@+WR+QPA@[;
6%RQY@AOL+MXNPKL+X?JRAPNP+X+QPA+VJL+[R\NLJPWROKR+;2YL+JRQY@AOL+MXNPKL+WX+VJ@[KLJR+G=
[[`@WP[+JRQY@AOR+MXNPKR+M@A+MXVRNP\R+M@KR+KL+MYRARNOR+>==a>==[[;
6.NPUOP]L+X+MXTPOKP+[@ONPJRNP+OR+>9=][+@A+V@AR;
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6&WNR\L+XNPUOP]L+[@ONPJRNP+OR+YPWPOP+H=+][+@A+V@AR;
65JLMPARUL+QR+@WYKLN\KLOKL+[@ONPJRNP+OR+><=][+@A+V@AR+P+OR+JRWN@KROKX+><][+@A+A@YJRNMR;
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YLQRNP+QR++QRZNPNOX+WRSPJOP]X+WNROR;

2
 2.2 Proracun osvjetljenja

Proracun osvjetljenja je uradjen po metodi stepena korisnog djelovanja za dnevnu sobu i

kuhinju,a za ostale prostorije po Watt-noj metodi.
1OLYOP+S@JRYRM+KL+AP[LOQPKR+9`Ha9`<[9`YPWPOL+Td9`F[;5@YJWPOR+S@JRYMR+WL+JR]XOR+MR@
A=axb=6 m2.
Potreban srednji nivo osvjetljenosti iznosi Es=250 lx.Indeks prostorije se racuna prema
izrazu:
A
k=
hk (a + b )
-hk korisna visina prostorije racuna se kao
hk=h-hr-hs
-hr visina radne povrsine koja iznosi 0,85m
-hs visina vjesanja svjetiljke koja iznosi 0,2m
hk=2,6-0,85-0,2=1,55m
Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti za k dobijemo
k=0,8
Koeficijenti refleksije su:
-pod rp=0,1
-strop rs=0,7
-zidovi rz=0,5
Osvjetljenje je rijeseno kao indirektno sa svjetiljkom S-1-200 sa sijalicom 200W sa
uzarenim vlaknom.Iz tablica za ovu svjetiljku se pronalazi η = 0,27 .
Faktor zaprljanosti prostorije fz=0,9 .
Faktor starenja sijalice fs=0,9 .
Ukupan svjetlosni fluksse racuna po izrazu:
E A
Φ uk = s
ηf s f z
Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti dobija se:
Φ uk = 9250lm
Fluks jedne sijalice od 200W iznosi:
Φ 1s = 3100lm
Racunski dobijen potreban broj sijalica je:
Φ
n r = uk = 2,9
Φ 1s
Konacan usvojen potreban broj sijalica je n=3 sa ukupnom snagom osvjetljenja 600W.
#XTPOKR+KL+AP[LOQPKR+9a>`<+[9`YPWPOL+Td9`F[;5@YJWPOR+S@JRYMR+WL+JR]XOR+MR@
A=axb=2,3 m2.
Potreban srednji nivo osvjetljenosti iznosi Es=250 lx.Indeks prostorije se racuna prema
izrazu:
A
k=
hk (a + b )
-hk korisna visina prostorije racuna se kao
hk=h-hr-hs
-hr visina radne povrsine koja iznosi 0,85m
3
-hs visina vjesanja svjetiljke koja iznosi 0,2m

hk=2,6-0,85-0,2=1,55m
Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti za k dobijemo
k=1,28
Koeficijenti refleksije su:
-pod rp=0,1
-strop rs=0,7
-zidovi rz=0,5
Osvjetljenje je rijeseno kao indirektno sa svjetiljkom S-1-200 sa sijalicom 200W sa
uzarenim vlaknom.Iz tablica za ovu svjetiljku se pronalazi η = 0,47 .
Faktor zaprljanosti prostorije fz=0,9 .
Faktor starenja sijalice fs=0,9 .
Ukupan svjetlosni fluksse racuna po izrazu:
E A
Φ uk = s
ηf s f z
Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti dobija se:
Φ uk = 4107lm
Fluks jedne sijalice od 200W iznosi:
Φ 1s = 3100lm
Racunski dobijen potreban broj sijalica je:
Φ
n r = uk = 1,32
Φ 1s
Konacan usvojen potreban broj sijalica je n=2 sa ukupnom snagom osvjetljenja 400W.
Ostale prostorije se rjesavaju po Watt-noj metodi,gdje se potrebna snaga osvjetljenja
racuna na osnovu povrsine prostorije i usvojene specificne snage od 30 W/m2.
Rezultati su prikazani u tablici.
A
Prostorija Porebna Realizacija
snaga W W
Hodnik 3,5 105 2x60
S. soba 4 120 2x100
D. soba 5 150 2x100
Balkon 2,5 75 1x100
Trpezarija 3,625 108 2x60
Ostava k. 0,8 24 1x60
Ostava b. 0,75 23 1x60
Kupatilo 3,5 105 2x60
Kuhinja 2x200
Dnevni boravak 3x200
Total 1980

Ukupna instalisana snaga osvjetljenja je 1980 W.

4
 9;:+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR
9;:+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR

)OWNR\PWROR+WROR?R+KLAO@?+WNROR+PQO@WP3
P1 = 30680W
0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3
Pj = k j P1
?AKL+KL+ k j +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3
k j = 0,4 +bQS@?+YL\PML+POWNR\PWROL+WOR?Lc
5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL
Pj = 12272W

9;:;>+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+8%&+A@+%&

0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
Pj
Ij =
3U n cos ϕ
.WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[RePOWNYR;
.O@ZLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3

I j = 18,6 A
2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3
/ Ij
Ij =
K pKθ
?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON;
#RM@+WL+JRAP+@+96H+YPWLQP\OPT+MRS\@YR+JRQY@AR+NPVR+*+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL
VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3
K p = 0,8 ++++ K θ = 1
/
2\PKLAP+ I j = 23,25 A
)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3
I td > I /j
?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR;
/PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[+P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+VJLWKLMR q = 6mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR
OR[+MRS\+556g+ 5 x6mm 2 +WR+ I td = 40 A ;8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+@A+8%&+A@+%&+KL+>9[;
)QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+PQJRQR3
I j < I o < K p K θ I td
20,4 A < I o < 32 A
.+8%&+WL+XWYRKR+@WP?XJR]+WR+N@V\KPYP[+X[LNM@[+NPVR+16NJ@[P+O@[POR\OL+WNJXKL+ I o = 25 A ;

5
 9;:;9+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+#5&+A@+8%&

0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3
Pj 3 = k j 3 ∑ P1
3

?AKL+KL+ k j 3 +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3
k∞
k j3 = k∞ +
3
4AKL+KL+ k ∞ = 0,18
5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL
Pj 3 = 24077W
0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
Pj 3
I j3 =
3U n cos ϕ
.WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[R]POWNYR;
.O@WLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3
I j 3 = 36,6 A
2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3
/ I j3
I j3 =
K pKθ
?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON;
#RM@+WL+JRAP+@+96H+YPWLQP\OPT+MRS\@YR+JRQY@AR+NPVR+*+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL
VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3
K p = 0,8 ++++ K θ = 1
/
2\PKLAP+ I j 3 = 45,7 A
)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P++XWV@OWMP+Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3
I td > I /j 3
?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR;
/PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[+P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+VJLWKLMR q = 16mm 2 ;1RM\L
NJLSR+OR[+MRS\+556g+ 5 x16mm 2 +WR+ I td = 73 A ;8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+9=+[;
)QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+PQJRQR3
I j < I o < K p K θ I td
50,3 A < I o < 62,5 A
.+#5&+WL+XWYRKR+@WP?XJR]+WR+N@V\KPYP[+X[LNM@[+NPVR+16NJ@[P+O@[POR\OL+WNJXKL+ I o = 60 A
;

6
 9;:;:+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+#5&>+A@+#5&

0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+Q?JRAL+WR+G+WVJRN@YR+V@+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3
Pjz = k jz ∑ P1
22

?AKL+KL+ k jz +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3
k∞
k jz = k ∞ +
21 + 1
4AKL+KL+ k ∞ = 0,18
5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL
Pjz = 94494W
0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+Q?JRAL+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
Pjz
I jz =
3U n cos ϕ
.WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[RePOWNYR;
.O@ZLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3
I jz = 143 A
2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3
/ I jz
I jz =
K pKθ
?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON;
#RM@+WL+JRAP+@++JRQY@AX+NPVR+1+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL+VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3
K p = 0,8 ++++ K θ = 1
/
+2\PKLAP+ I jz = 178 A
)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P+++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3
I td > I /jz
?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR;
/PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?+V@\PLNP\LOR++P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R
VJLWKLMR q = 300mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR+OR[+MRS\++ 3x 300mm 2 + 240 +WR+ I td = 396A ;
8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+>9+[;
#RS\+WL+WNPNP+O@QRWNP[+@WP?XJR]L[+X+$2`NPV+(`+ I o = 335a

7
 9;:;H+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+#5&9+A@+#5&>

0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+AYPKL+Q?JRAL+WR+G+WVJRN@YR+V@+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3
Pjz = k jz ∑ P1
44

?AKL+KL+ k jz +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3
k∞
k j2 = k ∞ +
22 + 2
4AKL+KL+ k ∞ = 0,18
5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL
Pjz = 163944W
0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+Q?JRAL+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
Pjz
I jz =
3U n cos ϕ
.WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[RePOWNYR;
.O@ZLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3
I jz = 249 A
2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3
/ I jz
I jz =
K pKθ
?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON;
#RM@+WL+JRAP+@++JRQY@AX+NPVR+1+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL+VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3
K p = 0,8 ++++ K θ = 1
/
+2\PKLAP+ I jz = 276 A
)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P+++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3
I td > I /jz
?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR;
/PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?+V@\PLNP\LOR++P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R
VJLWKLMR q = 300mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR+OR[+MRS\++ 3x 300mm 2 + 240 +WR+ I td = 396A ;
8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+>9+[;
#RS\+WL+WNPNP+O@QRWNP[+@WP?XJR]L[+X+$2`NPV+(` I o = 335A

8
 9;:;<+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+$2+A@+#5&9

0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+NJP+Q?JRAL+WR+G+WVJRN@YR+V@+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3
Pjz = k jz ∑ P1
66

?AKL+KL+ k jz +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3
k∞
k j3 = k∞ +
63 + 3
4AKL+KL+ k ∞ = 0,18
5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL
Pjz = 227543W
0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+Q?JRAL+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
Pjz
I jz =
3U n cos ϕ
.WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[RePOWNYR;
.O@ZLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3
I jz = 333 A
2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3
/ I jz
I jz =
K pKθ
?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON;
#RM@+WL+JRAP+@++JRQY@AX+NPVR+1+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL+VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3
K p = 0,9 ++++ K θ = 1
/
+2\PKLAP+ I jz = 370 A
)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P+++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3
I td > I /jz
?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR;
/PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?+V@\PLNP\LOR++P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R
VJLWKLMR q = 300mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR+OR[+MRS\++ 4 x300mm 2 +WR+ I td = 396 A ;
8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+9<+[;
)QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+PQJRQR3
I jz < I o < K p K θ I td
333 A < I o < 356 A
.+$2+WL+XWYRKR+O@QRWNP+@WP?XJR]+WR+N@V\KPYP[+X[LNM@[+NPVR+(+O@[POR\OL+WNJXKL
I o = 335A ;

9
 9;:;F+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+X+WNROX
(RQPYOR+WNJXKR+[@O@^RQO@?+WNJXKO@?+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
P
In = i
U nf
?AKL+KL+ Pi +POWNR\PWROR+WOR?R+WNJXKO@?+M@\R`+R+ U nf = 220V ;
(RQPYOR+WNJXKR+NJ@^RQO@?+WNJXKO@?+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
Pi
In =
3U nL
?AKL+KL+ Pi +POWNR\PWROR+WOR?R+WNJXKO@?+M@\R`+R+ U nL = 380V ;
5JLWKL]P+MRS\@YR+@A+SRMJR+WR+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[+XWY@KLOP+WX+V@+VJLV@JX]P3
6QR+WNJXKOL+MJX?@YL+@WYKLN\KLOKR+ q = 1.5mm 2
6QR+@WNR\L+WNJXKOL+MJX?@YL++ q = 2.5mm 2
5@WN@+WL+@A+%&+Y@AP+>G+VRJR\L\OPT+Y@A@YR`+JRQY@AR+NPVR+*`QR+M@JLM]P@OL+^RMN@JL+WL
XQP[RKX+YJPKLAO@WNP3
K p = 0,7 ++++ K θ = 1
)QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+MJPNLJPKX[R3
1.1I n < I o < K p K θ I td
)Q+NRS\P]R+NJRKO@+A@QYP\KLOR+WNJXKR+QR+VJLWKLM+ q = 1.5mm 2 PQO@WP+ I td = 18.5 A `+R+QR
q = 2.5mm 2 PQO@WP+ I td = 23 A `
DR+V@KLAPOL+WNJXKOL+MJX?@YL+X+WNROX+JLQX\NRNP+WX+ARNP+NRSL\RJO@+MR@+P+JRWV@JLA+@VNLJL]LOKR
V@+^RQR[R;

Br Namjena Pi W In A q mm2 Ittd A Io A L m

.
>; .NP]OP]R+MX; ++++<== +++++9;9G +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++:;C
9; &WYKLN\KLOKL> ++++<I= +++++9`< +++>`< ++++>I`< ++++++>= ++++9C
:; 4JPKR\P]R+MX; +++>9== +++++<`H< +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++9;G<
H; .NP]OP]R+MXT; +++><== +++++F`I> +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++H;F
<; .NP]OP]R+NJV; +++>=== +++++H`<H +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++G;9
F; .NP]OP]R +++><== +++++F`I> +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F ++++>F;C
AO;S;
G; .NP]OP]R+W;W; +++><== +++++F`I> +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F ++++>F;F
I; .NP]OP]R+AK;W; +++><== +++++F`I> +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F ++++9=
C; &WYKLN\KLOKL9 +++>HH= +++++F`< +++>`< ++++>I`< ++++++>= ++++:=
>=; 5J@N@]OP+S@K; +++9<== ++++>>`:= +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++H;<
>>; 2NLAOKRM +++G=== ++++>=`FH +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++I;:
>9; -M;S@K\LJ +++99== ++++>= +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++<
>:; DY@O]L +++++6 +++++6 +++>`< ++++>I`< ++++++>= +++++>
>H; #\P[R+X; +++99== ++++>= +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++>9
><; #\P[R+X; +++99== ++++>= +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++>9
>F; #\P[R+X; +++99== ++++>= +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++>9
>G; #\P[R+X; +++99== ++++>= +++9`< ++++9: ++++++>F +++++>9

10
/J; +++++"> ++++++"9
"9 ++++"9
"9
>; ++++<==
9; ++++<I=
:; ++++>9==
H; ++++><==
<; ++++>===
F; ++++><==
G; ++++><==
I; +++><==
C; +++>H==
>=; ++++9<==
>>; +++:=== ++++9=== +++9===
>9; +++99==
>H; +++99==
><; ++++99==
>F; +++99==
>G; +++99==
$@NR\ +++>=H== ++++>=H== +++CFI=

11
 9;H5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR

9;H;>5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A+$2+A@+#5&9

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?
V@\PLNP\LOR+AP[LOQPKR+:a:==h9H= mm 2 +@A+$2+A@+#5&9+PQO@WP+9<+[;5@A+VJLNV@WNRYM@[
AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOL+:+Q?JRAL+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[
Pj 3 z = 227543W
5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+$2++P+#5&9++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX
100 Pj 3 z (r + xtgα )l
∆uTS − kpo 2 =
U n2
?AKL+WX3
6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[
)Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+:==+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3
Jd=`=F ad=`=GC
)Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32
.O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3
100 * 227543(0,06 + 0,079 * 0,32)0,025
∆uTS −kpo 2 =
380 2
∆uTS −kpo 2 = 0,315%

9;H;95J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A++#5&9+A@+#5&>

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?
V@\PLNP\LOR+AP[LOQPKR+:a:== mm 2 h9H=+@A+#5&9+A@+#5&>+PQO@WP+>9+[;5@A
VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOL+9+Q?JRAL+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[
Pj 2 z = 163994W
5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+#5&9++P+#5&>++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX
100 Pj 2 z (r + xtgα )l
∆u kpo 2 − kpo1 =
U n2
?AKL+WX3
6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[
)Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+:==+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3
Jd=`=F ad=`=GC
)Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32
.O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3
∆u kpo 2− kpo1 = 0,11%

12
 9;H;:+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A++#5&>+A@+#5&

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?
V@\PLNP\LOR+AP[LOQPKR+b:a:==h9H=c+ mm 2 +@A+#5&>+A@+#5&+PQO@WP+>9+[;5@A
VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOR+>+Q?JRAR+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[
Pj 2 z = 94494W
5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+#5&>++P+#5&++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX
100 Pj 2 z (r + xtgα )l
∆u kpo1− kpo =
U n2
?AKL+WX3
6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[
)Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+:==+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3
Jd=`=F ad=`=GC
)Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32
.O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3

∆u kpo1− kpo = 0,062%

9;H;H+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A++#5&+A@+8%&

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[++AP[LOQPKR+<a>F
mm 2 +@A+#5&+A@+8%&+PQO@WP+9=+[;5@A+VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOR+:
WNROR+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[
Pj3s = 24077 W
5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+#5&++P+8%&++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX
100 Pjs (r + xtgα )l
∆u kpo − mro =
U n2
?AKL+WX3
6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[
)Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+>F+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3
Jd>`>H ad=`=C
)Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32
.O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3

∆u kpo −mro = 0,38%

13
 9;H;<+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A+++8%&+A@+%&

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[++AP[LOQPKR+<aF
mm 2 +@A+8%&+A@+%&+PQO@WP+>9[;5@A+VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LO+>+WNRO
WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[
Pj1s = 12272W
5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX++8%&+P+%&+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX
100 Pjs (r + xtgα )l
∆u mro − ro =
U n2
?AKL+WX3
6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km
6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[
)Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+F+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3
Jd9`CI ad=`>
)Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32
.O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3

∆u mro −ro = 0,3%

+ 9;H;<+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+X+WNROX
5RA+ORV@OR+QR+[@O@^RQOR+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
2 *100 Pi * r * l
∆u =
U n2
DR+NJ@^RQOR+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+PQ+PQJRQR3
100 Pi * r * l
∆u =
U n2
6 Pi +POWNR\PWROR+WOR?R
5J@YKLJR+VRAR+ORV@OR++[@QL+WL+PQYLWNP+QR+ORK+OLV@Y@\KOPKP++W\X]RKORKXAR\KLOPKL+XNP]O]L
@VNLJL]LOL+WR+5d99==i+M@KX+ORVRKR+Y@A+AXQPOL+9=[+`AP[LOQPKR+:a9`<;
2 *100 * 2200 * 7,2 * 0,02
∆u = = 1,3%
220 2
DR+@WYKLN\KLOKL3
2 *100 * 600 * 11,9 * 0,02
∆u = = 0,59%
220 2
.MXVRO+VRA+ORV@OR+@A+$2+A@+ORKXAR\KLOPKL?+V@NJ@WR]R+PQO@WP3
∆u = ∆ ts − kpo 2 + ∆u kpo 2− kpo1 + ∆u kpo1− kpo + ∆u kpo − mro + ∆u mro − ro + ∆u ro − p
∆u = 0,315 + 0,11 + 0,062 + 0,38 + 0,3 + 1,3 = 2,467% +bQR+XNP]OP]Lc
∆u = 0,315 + 0,11 + 0,62 + 0,38 + 0,3 + 0,59 = 2,315% +bQR+@WYKLN\KLOKLc
1@QY@\KLOP+VRA+ORV@OR+QR+@WYKLN\KLOKL+KL+:j+`QR+@WNR\@+<j+;1@SPKLOP+VRA@YP+ORV@OR
QRA@Y@\KRYRKX+ARNL+QRTNKLYL+KLJ+WX+X+@SR+W\X]RKR+k:j;

14
 :;+5J@JR]XO+WNJXKR+MJRNMPT+WV@KLYR+P+VJ@YKLJR+QRWNPNL

+++++++++++++++++++ ++++:;>+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+$2
5@ARNR]P+@+NJROW^@J[RN@JX+M@KP+ORVRKR+Q?JRAX+WX3
F:=+M7-+l+>=B=;H9+M7BM7+l+ PCun = 6.5kW +l+ PFe 0 = 1.3kW +l+ u k = 6%
P
u r = Cun 100 = 1.03% +++++++l u x u 2k − u 2r = 5.91%
Sn

+%LQPWNROWR+NJROW^@J[RN@JR+PQO@WP3
P
R T = Cun 2 = 2.62mΩ
 Sn 
 
 Un 
%LRMNROWR+NJROW^@J[RN@JR+PQO@WP3
u x U 2n
XT = = 15mΩ
100S n
)[VLAROWR+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+JR]XOR+WL+VJL[R+PQJRQX3

Z d = R T2 + X T2 = 15.2mΩ
2NJXKR+NJ@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3
U
I 3pks = nfd
Z
220
I 3pks = = 14kA
0.0152
5@WN@+KL+QR+@WP?XJR]+ I o = 335A bNPV+(c+`X+$2`+WNJXKR+VJLMPAR+MJRNM@?+WV@KR
<=+M-m+ I 3pks = 14kA QOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]+QRA@Y@\KRYR+XW\@Y+QR+VJLMPA+MJRNM@?+WV@KR;

:;9+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+8%&
%LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++NJROW^@J[RN@JR+PQO@WL3

R T = 2.62mΩ +l+ X T = 15mΩ

(X\NR+JLRMNROWR+P+JLQPWNROWR+NJROW^@J[RN@JR+WL+A@SPKX+PQ3

+ R TO = R T +l+ X TO = X T

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (3x 300 + 240)mm 2 `+@A+$2+A@+#5&+KL+HC[;

15
 %LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++Y@AR+b$26#5&c+PQO@WL3

R V1 = 2.94mΩ +l+ X V1 = 3.871mΩ

R V10 = R V1 + 3 ⋅ R N = 2.94 + 3 ⋅ 0.07 ⋅ 0.049 = 13.23mΩ

X V10 = 3 ⋅ X V1 = 11,6mΩ

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (5x16)mm 2 `+@A+#5&+A@+8%&+KL+9=[;

%LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++Y@AR+b#5&68%&c+PQO@WL3

R V 2 = 22.8mΩ +l+ X V 2 = 1.8mΩ

R V 20 = 1.86 ⋅ R V 2 = 42.4mΩ +l+ X V 20 = 17 ⋅ X V 2 = 30.6mΩ

.MXVOL+P[VLAROWL+PQO@WL3
Z d = Z dT + Z dV1 + Z dV 2

Z 0 = Z 0T + Z 0V1 + Z 0V 2

Zd = Zi

Z d = (28 + j21) = mΩ

Z 0 = (58 + j31) = mΩ
2NJXKR+KLAO@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX3

3 ⋅ U nf
I 1 pks =
Z + Zi + Z0
d

3 ⋅ 220
I 1 pks = = 4880 A
0.135

)Q+APKR?JR[R+b)`Nc+QR+@WP?XJR]+X+#5&bNPV+1+ I o = 60A c`WL+YPAP+AR+]L+@WP?XJR]+JLR?@YRNP+QR

Nd
d=;==9+W+`WN@+KL+[ROKL+@A+VJ@VPWROPT+=;HW;DOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]+QRA@Y@\KRYR+XW\@YL;

:;:+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+%&
1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (5x 6)mm 2 `+@A+8%&+A@+%&+KL+>9[;
+%LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++Y@AR+b8%&6%&c+PQO@WL3

R V 3 = 35mΩ +l+ X V 3 = 1.2mΩ

16
 R V 30 = R V 3 + 3 ⋅ R N = 4 ⋅ R V 3 = 140mΩ

X V 30 = 3 ⋅ X V 3 = 3.6mΩ
.MXVOL+P[VLAROWL+PQO@WL3
Z d = Z dT + Z dV1 + Z dV 2 + Z dV 3

Z 0 = Z 0T + Z 0V1 + Z 0V 2 + Z 0V 3

Zd = Zi

Z d = (63 + j22)mΩ

Z 0 = (198 + j34)mΩ
2NJXKR+KLAO@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX3

3U nf
I 1 pks =
Zd + Zi + Z0
3 ⋅ 220
I 1 pks = = 1980 A
0.333
)Q+APKR?JR[R+b)`Nc+QR+@WP?XJR]+X+8%&bNPV+1+ I o = 25A c`WL+YPAP+AR+]L+@WP?XJR]+JLR?@YRNP+QR
Nd=;==9W+`WN@+KL+[ROKL+@A+VJ@VPWROPT+=;HW;DOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]+QRA@Y@\KRYR+XW\@YL;

:;H+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+V@NJ@WR]P[R

5@W[RNJR]L[@+ORKMJPNP]OPKP+W\X]RK`QR+ORKXAR\KLOPKP+V@NJ@WR];
1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (3 x1,5)mm 2 `ORKXAR\KLOPKL?+V@NJ@WR]R+KL+9=[;
+%LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++V@NJ@WR]M@?+Y@AR+PQO@WL3

RV 4 = 238mΩ +l+ X V 3 = 4.34mΩ

RV 40 = RV 4 + 3 ⋅ R N = 4 ⋅ RV 4 = 952mΩ

X V 40 = 3 ⋅ X V 4 = 14mΩ
.MXVOL+P[VLAROWL+PQO@WL3
Z d = Z Td + Z Vd1 + Z Vd 2 + Z Vd 3 + Z Vd 4

Z 0 = Z T0 + Z V01 + Z V0 2 + Z V0 3 + Z V0 4

17
 Zd = Zi

Z d = (302 + j 27)mΩ

Z 0 = (952 + j 48)mΩ
2NJXKR+KLAO@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX3

3U nf
I 1 pks =
Z + Zi + Z0
d

3 ⋅ 220
I 1 pks = = 423 A
1.558
.+%&+WX+X?JRfLOP+RXN@[RNWMP+@WP?XJR]P+NPVR+/;DR+@WP?XJR]+ I 0 = 10 A +PQ+b)`Nc+APKR?JR[R
@]PNR[@+YJPKL[L+JLR?@YROKR+Nd=;=9W+WN@+KL+[ROKL+@A+A@QY@\KLOPT+=;HW;DOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]P
QRA@Y@\KRYRKX+XW\@YL+V@+VPNROKX+QRWNPNL;

18
 H;25!*),)#-*)0-+8-$!%)0-"-

DR+KLARO+WNRO3
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +M@[;
>;JRQY@AOR+NRS\R EEEEEEEEEEE;; E+++>
9;L\;SJ@KP\@ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE;;;+++>
:;RXN@[RNWMP+@WP?XJR]P>=-; EEEE; E;; E;;;;;+++:
H;RXN@[RNWMP+@WP?XJR]P>F- EEEEEEEE;++><
H;[@O@^RQOR+XNP]OP]R EEEEEEEEEE;+++>:
<;[@O@^RQOR+XNP]OP]R+AXV\R E; EEEEEEE++9
F;NJ@^RQOR+XNP]OP]R EEEEEEEEEEE;;;+++>
G;KLAO@V@\OP+VJLMPAR] EEEEEEEEEE;;+++<
I;AY@V@\OP+VJLMPAR] EEEEEEEEEEE;+++<
C;VJLMPAR]+QR+MXVRNP\@ EEEEEEEEEE;;+++>
>=;QRWNPNPOP+XJfRK+AP^LJLO]PKR\OL+QRWNPNL EE;;; E;;++>
>>;QY@O]L; EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE;++>
>9;NRWNLJ+QY@O]R EEEEEEEEEEEEE+++>
>:;VJ@Y@AOPM+556g+:a9`< EEEEEEEEE;+9==[
>H;VJ@Y@AOPM+556g+:a>`< EEEEEEEEE;++F=[

19