ASNT Level I & II Study Guide Visual Testing Method (Part II) By KDL Consultancy for Testing Technology Where continuous Learning Begin.. Astan Road, Bardoli-394602,SURA T.India2010 SECTION V ARTICLE 9 VISUAL EXAMINATION 910 SCOPE, (a) This Aniele con’ ns methods and requirements for ion applicable when specified by areferene ing Code Section, Specific visual examination procedures required for every type of examination are not included in this Amicle, because there are many applications where visual examinations are required, Some examples of these applications inelude nondestr ions. sting, in-service examinations and fabrication proce dures (b) The requirements of Anicle 1, General Require ‘ments, apply when visual examination, in accordance with “Article 9. is required by a referencing Code Section (c) Definitions of terms for visual examination appear in Article 1, Appendix I ~ Glossary of Terms in Nonde structive Examination, and Anicle 9, Appendix | 1-920 921 Written Procedure Requirements ‘T-921.1 Requirements. Visual examinations shall be performed in accordance with 2 written procedure, which shall, as a minimum, contain the requirements listed in Table T-921. The written procedure sha isha single value, or range of values, for each requit 1-921.2 Procedure Qualification. When procedure ‘qualification is specified by the referencing Code Section, a change of a requirement in Table T-921 identified as an ‘essential variable shall require qualification ofthe written procedure by demonstration. A change of a requirement idemtticd asa nonessential variable does not require requal- ification of the written procedure. All changes of essemtal ‘or nonessential variables from those specified within the writen procedure shall require revision of, oran addendum to. the writen procedure GENERAL 1-921.3 Demonstration. The procediere shall contain cor reference a report of what was used to demonstrate that the examination procedure was adequate. In general, fine line }» in. (0.8 mm) of less ia width, an arificial miperfection or a simulated condition, lacated on the sir face or a similar surface to that to be examined, may be ‘considered as 2 method for procedure demonstrsion, The venice 9 TABLE 1-921 REQUIREMENTS OF A VISUAL EXAWINATION PROCEDURE Nor Essent’ Essertia Requirement (As Aoplcable) ___Vartole _Varage sg testy (crease ony x condition or antficia) imperfection should be in the least discernable location on the area surface to be exanined t0 validate the procedure v.92 The user ofthis Article shall be responsible for assigning «qualified personnel to perform visual examinations to the requirements of this Atticle. At the option of the manufac turer, he may maintain one certification for each product, ‘or several separate signed records based on the area or type of work, or both combined. Where impractical 10 use specialized visual examination personnel, knowledgeable and trained personnel, having limited qualifications, may’ be used to perform specific examinations, and to sign the report forms, Personnel performing examinations shall be qualified in aecordance with requitements of the referene ing Code Section, Personnel Requirements 7-928 Physical Requirements Personnel shall have natural oF corrected near distance acuity voc193) EQUIPMENT aguipment used for visual examination techniques, for te cape clude, magnifying, identifying example, direct, oi shal ha bilities as spocified in the procedure. Capel but are not limited 10 viewing. measuring, and/or recordin with requirements of the in accordance 2 Cox TECHNIQUE Applications Visual examination is generally used to determine such nment of artaces, shape, or evidence of leaking, In addition, visual examination is used to determine a composite materi a's (iranslucent lantinate) subsurface cond 952 4 Visual Examina Direct visual examination may usually be made when access is suficent to place the eye within 24 in, (600 mam) of the surface to be examined ad not ies 30 deg to the surfuce 10 be examined. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of vision, and aids such as 44 magnifying lens may be used 1 assist exam lumination (natural or supplemental white light) for the specific part, component, vessel, or section thereof being examined is required. The minimum light intensity at the examination surfacedsite shall be 100 footeandles (1000 tux). The light source, technique used, and light level verification is required to be demonstrated one time, documented, and maintained on fi 1-983 Remote Visual Examination In some eases, remote visual examination may fave to be substituted for dineet examination. Remote visual examination may use visual aids such as mirrors, tele- scopes, borescopes, fiber optics, cameras, or other suitable instruments. Such systems shall have a resolution capabil- ity at least equivalent to that obtainable by direct visual observation. 1.954 Translucent Visual Examination Translucent visual examination isa supplement of direct visual examination, The method of translucent visual wd ct rea or Fepion under exan st be so arranged that there are no surface glares or reflections trom the for examination and shal be less than the light applied through the under examination The uriticial light source shall have to pei laminate thickness variations, sufficient inter any translucent ‘eandling 1.980 EVALUATION T-980.1.Allexaminations shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the referencing Code Section, 980.2 I exumination and to An examin cheeklist shall be used to plan 7 This checklis: establishes fy thatthe roquited vis observations were performed the maximum examination which the Manufuewrer may perform in process indicate mums examination requirements and does r 1-990 DOCUMENTATION 1991 Report of Examination ‘T-991.1 A writen report of the examination skal con tain the following information: (a) the date of the examination (b) procedure identification and revision used (c) technique sed (a) resalts of the examination (e) examination personnel identity, and, when required by the referencing Code Section, qualification level (f) identification of the part or component examined 1.991.2. Even though dimensions, etc.. were recorded in the process of visual examination to aid in the evaluation, there need not be documentation of cach viewing or each «dimensional check. Documentation shal include all obser vation and dimensional checks specified by the referencing Code Section. 1.993 Record Maintenance Records shall be maintained as required by © ing Code2010 SECTION V ARTICLE 9 MANDATORY APPENDIX APPENDIX I — GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR VISUAL EXAMINATION 1910 SCOPE This Mandatory Appendix is used for the purpose of establishing standard terms and definitions of terms related 1 Viswal Examination which appear in Article 9 1.920 GENERAL (a) Amicle 30, SE. 1316, Section 9, provides the detini tion of foorcandle fe) {b) Definitions of terms for visual examination and other methods appear in Article L, Mandatory Appendix I sary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination, fe) The following Code terms are used in conjunction with Aricle 9 ariificial fase: an intentional imperteetion p surface of a material to depict a representative flaw con dition ‘auxiliary lighting: an artificial light source used as a visual aid to improve viewing conditions and visual per ception ‘candling: see translucent visual examination. direct visual examination: 3 visu os. ced on the examination tech- nique performed by eye and without any visual aids (excluding light soure ‘enhanced visual examinaaion: 3 visas nique using visual aids to improve the viewing capabil 4g.. magnifying aids. by opts. ee. ug (2): 8 unit of iamination equa! to the dirve illumi nation on a surfa uniform poi fone lumen per square me remote visual examination: lenses), scapes, video probes, fiber ce that i everywhere one meter from a source of one candle intensity oF equal to nique used with visual cids for conditions where the area to be examined is inaccessible for direc: visua! © ion surface glare: selections of artificial ligh: that interfere with visual examination, translucent laminate: a series of lass reinforced layers, bonded together. and having capab' ing light. ‘ranstucent visual examination: a wchnique using anti cial lighting imensity to perm anslucent lami nate thickness variations (also called candling) visual examination: a nondestructive examination ‘method used to evaluate an item by observation, such as the correct assembly, surface conditions, or cleanliness of materials, parts, and components used in the fabrication and construction of ASME Code vessels and hardware viewing of