Exot Not Date HALL EFFECT Aim: “To study the Hall efect in the given semiconductor sample and hence to calculate the concentration of charge catrersinthe sample Apparatus: Hall effect demonstration kit consisting of an electromagnet, digital meters for curent and Voltage measurements ‘anda probe Theor: Ifa metal or a semiconductor carying @ curent | is placed in a transverse magnetic fleld B, potential ference Vy Is produced in a direction normal to both the magnetic field and curent directions. This is known as HALL EFFECT. Lei a semiconductor sample of Mickness { and atea of Coss section A, carTying a cUrent | be acted Upon by a transverse magnetic feld 8. The magnetic fold tonds to deflect charge carriers in the sample towards ‘one of its faces leading to an accumulation of charges there, This in tum produces an electro field Ey in a direction which opposes the Lorentz force due to magnete fld. The electric fld bulls til it exactly compensates the efectofmegneticfel, The potential ifference V,arsing veto Eis given by 8 Vi net ‘where n- carrier concenvation, e charge of an electron and t- the thickness of the sample, The rato ‘tin knownas Hall Coefficient (Ry) Rew Knowing the Hall Coeficient, The concentration of charge carrier in’ the sample can be detormined by Bl nat Since the electron are not completely fee inside the sample as we assume, a carecton factor Is applied to the focmutatorcarner concentration, Sothe nal formulas "_ [32] Bl n=be lew, Procedure (1) Connectthe natprobet the demonstration ktand switchiton (2) Keepine cisiance between ne pole places=em (2) Setthe sample curentto 60 ma (4) Make the magnet currentzero and adjustthe voltage reading to ZERO on voltmeter (by using ZERO ADJUST) (6) Increase the magnet curent zero to 200 mA and adjust the probe positon in magnetic fed so that Hall Voltage is ‘maximum and take the reading. Increase the magnet current to 250 mA, 300 mA, 350 mA, 400 mA, ‘450 mA, 600 mAand note down the cortespending Hal Vllages (6). Reduce the magnetcurenttazeroand switch off Repeatthe observation ater ten minutes for second isl (7). DrawagraphofHat votage vs magnetic field and evaluat the slope Fig.)‘Thickness ofthe sample Current through the sar Charge ofan electro (Hall Votoge) 24x 10"m ple= 8x10% Observations and Calculations ‘Siope trom the graph= (Magnetic iets) Magnet current in ma Magnetic induction in Testa Hal Votage in mv Feet ial ‘Second tial ‘Average Carter concentration Result: Carrier concentration in the given sample m= (30/8) (B11 ot) = (x/ 8) (Lot. Slope)