2 ‘The Historiggraphical Operation "wher ae hey wong on Whar do hy pre? Te. ‘ping tir crate peambulatons around the room of the Nainal Ani or sin thy dec tbnchs nthe Iroc st ht wil pace hem atong the por an waking int the es, thy, "Wa Gs rae ssi? What Sboutehe breton tam keping wh cre cya oh ‘Re incemesry of my tcl sey ah dead? Tbh beer gl ri yb 8 ght scaling spa fing the pany ft pases th nin of my Speeds ox the nes whith Im enching This rk inde ‘Wisin tie dace which Lam puting bl questions on ag, es eomes ot my wa fe POs PENS mY ‘Sain a ge plc : Bh este ih mach dopa pei th hier ws bo historians realy fbrcte when they make histor"? a of hi sy, egy eed “The Minor Operon.” was pub lan agus Sal ae Nery i, eM f Ca ‘in 107) 3-4 tiene renewed and coed rm “he Hiring Operation © {eu For then, comprehension i aunt wo nang the eo ‘hia which evey metho Bat eae menting wo ers fra in cms of pours who best ea dene Wn for ts prcones hry becomes the veep of te te Aion an the eve ive the pos f compen ich sds 4 rect ple Hadas ote te tops hey well pe ‘yan slg abn oder to aah th conte ans OF ‘he wrk they Were have routs spool seston toe ‘ral wd ved oe ofthc chan ough wi nis tory, err GEERT OF ERGY is sfemad to (leg — social, economic, ‘sta, snd wo on. Sok# ccborony betwee char they pie aed ‘ht hy prech might bess, serve he ening sklogy y ling ‘com chicive pats. The coy woul so cpt Heng Cxperiners oa thre snanbalm. Even wen ty ‘other fick’, onc dayov another a practice without sheory sil nesessiy “ ‘am ame an ee analysis ° Tn st, Sg: Mon, Mie! reg Pl Vane, an ny exh po nce vce hee ey he ‘sgmanioria ate Bens thoy mechan en Scepter mich one a alana eee © dep ot atcy, wien vc oe eps hes tpg hen dip: Ons acne ond sateen ‘Surya fostan nol espa tonite hae se wend van sis peas Yass or pes a eneson st GOS enue) TOUT vo at fart 5 par ote ees shan nd rc ean epee sata ee {rats pace Frm tha pees weal te anor fer soc prin cri cn la acts ony. Sih an ns oe pasate a Snes ot ak pil sow aw ye et eae Sra ep poe ate Honea eg [5p ofa vi Shee tava oye ene ‘Eat : Tetes PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES A SOCIAL PLACE 111 hiorogrpbical eseuch is articulated over a sacoeconomic po Us and cout pace of redaction, Ieimpbes an area of elborson ‘hat pale deteinatios reuse ber pofesion, spin a an cbsener or a profesor, a group of lemed people, and x0 forth 1 he by cmt, ran a ae prt station. I ian tems ofthis place that te method st es lubed, eopogrpyofimeests can be specifi, its sis and ts ‘ntrogation of documents se orgie. The Upton ORT yes go Ge cig of icon” rove he sation of “bj hay oa pice, of he aj. nang what ay ‘pond Aron hr tad "dialtone eject” thi iq tok Fo story the plein which the pine ad taken wo mah pede ‘when came conto he "mu of eves: Moree, ote {he his opel mh hides of rath a mode dered fom former Phlsopy, or os 2 telogy ding fom an ever err tne. Tei {sto eng uth ea Of Rael “an he apy eof th pon ae one ‘Sass shen anon as cig, ho ben sown hat al sore erpeason depends upon sytem of eft; that ht {oem an ply pce “ploy a epg ie ‘fework of nao, ic npntes the work repo by ering fo 20 ors “sin” a gopring eens Seman ie ‘icim, Raymond Aron ‘night arene generation the art of enumer- ae Son? ouh shal We Sof ‘Bios otiet ana teouesit Sept oe Sik ot er amaaten ©The coq poems Hae EES ried arimpract step in siaon 0s Freche oho atic ech ped wher ee sped pie vb Tp vo Comm “poops” eed sine iocmom st iw the pln Reappossonr of since cemy He org. ae felt ition ofan tt 0 he mrcape cna had reed po The. Hiteregrepica Operation 39 ‘ators nto the underground of hs, jst a inthe cates of cps or soaaogy. ‘Tony, the ssn is at our fingertips. “Histor fat have sly teen established dhroagh de istroduion of a meaning ino “objet fn” In he Language of amas, “cs” peak of “oie” which sxe precedents, and which ae therfore ape heres of lservation and hich are ngewe verfale be, hak 0 tcl cation a cay “Elsiable™ "Hanna catvg” thas fn = ged fom which, vet the bacground of ttalay of history, mele indivi pilose ‘an be diferente, especially hose oF phlrophers dese in his an ib, “The return to personal “decison” takes pace on the bass of ro a smpeions. On the one hand noting 2 pilrophicl eet fom ‘he storiogaphil tex, an autonomy bad len prepped for ely such wis the conto of is Craton. An ede of exe wae ape fo hitoal practice. On the her hand (but the two operas Bo ‘ogee, while undescoring divergences among “pvloxophes” din sted sori clthing, by retering 9 te uttered dimensions sf tr ich inion, these thinkers were considered «gmp at ld bated rosie by vie of hr diet reatons to eeton. Reso to psn puns spread the oe pact! we os ly socal oczations The pray a these pitsophical sje tad fr hat pine she dscre fl of renning sing psison fo inclectns. AB qoesons of meaniag had been dics mou Hem, the cheatin fee dilzene of though came to bestow upon che ‘ate group a pinged aon to ideas. None ofthe intereence of rodacton, of techie, of sous onan, of preesondl ce polit Bison could bother the harmony af ths relion a ence wae the po ‘ale of ths eptology Raymond Aron grated 2 reserved status to beth the rae ofits sd the King of inecale “Reliviy” was a tke only within the ‘ose primers ofthis Fill. Fa fom cling the ae into question, tsa need defended i. Based on the dition betwee these ‘eis an he pola gue, oneof he wesks inks in Weber theo.” such theses demolcd a peterson of knowledge, bu they ale rn fea the “exempt” poe belonging tothe knowledges A pias was marked "of mits ist when the Frity of what was Being p> cd therein was reveled, The fv ake aay fom works tht could ‘be cool ceed c 2 gop whieh enuid not be con,0 PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES ren nwa the most remaable works on history seem tobe is socined wi reat icaly fom the ery song poston that Raymond ‘Aron i ken by subset the ser pele accorded oa lc fo that—in al of urph and contorery—of a prdus. Whi Miho sult dois a cerence to the subject ofthe sn suthor be sl att si Deny Tie, ni aati” ans ad cag sh si dee anon HE? in hisses he Arcata of Knowledge (1969) aks aap feign cen en ot Spe nw tcunnann oa ‘scum tar ofheny (whch st yun) Lie he al ene crab dyn ony ht Ral pg a sei 3a coe en ro epee a ‘rei ct oer payee sd por con ‘Sting sting pce ean ele iy gene ms pat occ cht lasek ta oan te oppo eon tome sof 198d a pepper nga) cpg ren i he lon esd by Roy te pep lesa nt pl fy mona a Pe pee ns ron Pay pO The Hr Insioion “rit pic lef lank ridden doug ay apis which oversue | the cltion of BGG co theo ight be lstan [Binion of Guage Te marks the ois oT mide sieves, shown Fic venenih cnr wih te cbc of ede (or exemple 4 SunGard Pa). with dhe were of comesgondeces and {rec thar wee bemed by» mle ofthe “aoa or ven more Soap in the eich century wth de ames cies abd the Ace ‘Sins wih whith Lesbos at 99 precept” The bath of ise inci inked the cretion of th ro ‘fen th esaenbewec socal esto athe fino Inowke, segue scstends fom the sme of Bacon or Det ‘an, ih wat hasbeen temo» pletion” of telecoas Spine we mean nee an ele cue of sce, bre the foun eid Open “a dation of prof! "ces th of gine" of pension ne icy and on sie wien utes eo ne they tecome sce obit uit and cca tins be ‘on dtl spa! We net an coe, ae pe Se pln aircon of al pT fo oa deal ele pba cigs is hich ae Gem o nga pr be), ete pe eae & {te previ be bs fr ssc uy whch wl hen ce Se cnc eis aig fan ongoing hl cacao, Ose of he ea ute» pce whch omnes i ey wl ‘hol, wine secede octon of howled at cor tote dscaed fom «sci intiaton Se shan hoary oll at bone hig Ii stoi te frm of boop ro shel, Whence he sien a th ger whieh camer “dct” by di fa a tat The socks A Seay fre Sy fy oe ‘te gon ora cetera he eve he “tae ‘lee and eae of yy conepndene. Bate : pO sah aan ts smb 5 pine maton ty anil oiig ats lay afd isla os fide emi mesh “he tian doe owe Taya done «sil posto. I ep ie pot a Enns Bat om big thc ha one ol et ace Te em cel a csi the inure becoming the Sao ey _scing unchanged fen hel ep of on tet a iced he ec wen floes a oy ic rey rat cg lone se sul ee pnt ong coco bk ss oa Sed ote “hese monotonicity and he ie ha deli within eT palit ode of tiason (eomnaic ‘Sei an fh ich nae sp cing ta fete Ses whch mone an be er Se vy theca of wee “hs snaoxenom: and mba pens combine with ei ‘fel or ad in eres I way sed cunge cn bcm ‘esd boil cg ne arn teh ie Seg gybe PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES thesia hangs Forms angnage which s proportioned wo oter pes of language, ch asthe verbal. Te “medical” hlaon of the body Sus Hom an interpretive backesing which dees not eke ino acount pusags fern somatization ro symbolzation,Iners, anideologcal course proporeone fo sal ore, js a every nial wt fear is prods ia ration lt organizations ofthe Body. That ‘couse ac can oy own ws doesnot impede i fem Bing Uke a what i doce nor sey—to te body, whch speaks in is own fabion Tiny eer sons i an w soc ast octets shang tee hese a Thr undergo doin owing tothe cl ‘Rie oo ft sane, bc witost ihr bg expres rouge tw cous 1 poner which has own ges # ple ‘Chon pound sa “mannii ino developmen it so Te work an fh “Sie oa wich bem seat of {Sto oe soval bed colt note ea patie, would to ger esc Here we ergs cee oe istran's to This ao with he ob petal te ojo a {op nd cold nor we en up sions au ing imo esto he Ss of xosngrapial cue th his "Gana Repo” of 1965 on Fresh historiography, Jan Glinison evoked sme oft est comecions exiting bebe 2 freien peng fear soe pots ho ho “aed rer See uns asc” eesti eecsed by Hal ao ‘Fis manana deol hs hal even che wearer ‘of Mais hon and he socal romano sla ei th sod sated instuten on de cai oon hss ich has F rarer “nguliey” fr tegen of css.” {Wert ao indencore tie feet too excosivey national of his ‘ovuprphy consmed by ita baer (hatrans ight ithe for or Sint Sofpabor or etre), or crcumberbed by che linguistic cha ‘ism of Fach ale which vers expeions o the nearest eons Sr aa vefetene (ene Mederanean wordy Spun, Tel, Latin Amer ian which ened in ado int nail means, "Among anyother, thse ater the ata scince to 2 oc sition which fs unapaensondison. Ie is heer impossible ro 1 Hit Ooi ‘ amar hixoialdicoune independently of the inton inept to ‘ich sensi onganzd oo rear of renewal nthe dine thar would be axed bythe mere miicon ofits concepts without 22 acai tatfomaton of sere tone From thi san oi, 1 TrgenFabermay’rcech has show, 2 “replication” of the human sences is pended pogrom may never Be messed ora tied wihou a "etal heey” ofthe cnet te es inocery Moreover, he queso at which Habeema’ etal sociology ising tos aeady been ted i historia dour, With wang for the heen denne, the exe afl sows it lion with the ‘sacion. For etme, te author’ “we” ees to acon (oe, 35 ‘eos woul cas the fou, i resto an “enuncaave vessile ‘de Inthe rea, the "We stags socal contac “among ouch,” in whch phar sabjee “ue the dcouseA Swe? ees hod of language for ise by vite of bring plain he pean ber ox ston Te ths way hstoreal dmone tks pooey over er pat tar higorgraphicl work and so docs the lon of his douse 10 2 social mstuion. The mediation ofthis "we" eliminates theater nv, which wold aeibute hry eter to an individ (te author, Bis penonal pisophy, et) o gal nabject he time, soca a) Teepe steeping generis ih the poste of le over wich cou au, bac without the lamer being tees to the fore "Di author “we comtipands otha of ae reads. The pubbe is soc the verb eet of he history Boo, even may Be ancl and ioral syppore. As the soe but nly spoke to his ass bu adi tacher behind hi & work ir vad ey exes than by the authors peers or elleguc, who rank it acceding to scenic ‘era diferent rm tose ofthe puis xe which are dcve fora thos aso 2 they wish wet a wot a strap. Tet are law of the mies. They ccumsebe psi whone cones, baw constrains donot. They oguize “pe” around the work Fei ot recaned” bythe group he Bok fan the cay f= ‘popslaaort which, conse moe o ex benevolent uns sl 5 bing “trlographical "Ie hrf Se "ace {certo acadetohatorographical nuncaon. What Foucault ll “he ‘a fdas who ae he ely ons have the fal o ta oral, juicy defined or spomtancouy seed igh profs +4 PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES icone fis wedges po an an deg (he apo) ‘ch categories he wer 1 kin he we" Oa elev to? vel oF whch cable a sping subj outer toon “scours. Tis coune—and th roo whic pods mae he ‘scan, athe sn ie ate ean ealogy of "ibe role Si unas he con othe choi bjt ead eo tekee diva rec comocts ny 1s rg ie tcl a (8 sep, sof ese mts ind oreccane, + dpiacment fe ion sn we oct, {Gers mode of rps ec) eps a opcaion ich i Sine wane a oly of paces Ths pet the aloe. iba i ec rae. A prc dy wl be dfn bythe ‘ton tae uphoswih ober ht ae comenpcmecs wth Wiha "wate of the qn” wih te problema es ep OY ‘nop nthe nee shy ons wh ct nl anespees ts deme cen price non 0 Sot in popes, Eicy india reac mo + rework ‘hose men ero depend open one tater a we dan Conbiation fons Roy 3 ca ne aly, what valed work io? Is a wrk recognized as sub bypous wert davon bind win an opeat 2 work ar ropoe ome prog expe ete caret ao Racal “het and mat, and oe ta, bound eo he mi ich tas bem cabot, nara makes ne scare posse The asa Aeok or arc topes re nds prom ofthe group tick fotos abhor. Ak ocr proftcad by 2 fry, he he ttl sy bound he compl os ape acl fie ‘Sion ow hn ate ee moc os pone plop ce he reatmgone of spat “rai.” Ie he prada of pla. ioe Sci ACCORDING to ctherteadtona concept among die French inte Jigen since che ccs ofthe eighteenth century, is general agreed ‘hac clemere ete o practice wil ener theory. "Metbode” wl thas be doused, bur Wathow ing the impuderce of evoking thei i orn a inition ito group (to be inoue into 2 group, India me een practice “god” mich), oe he elton The Hleregrepbical Operation 6s tw ass fre ever expres (the methods are the mean thanks to which the power ofan atademic or cles body i defend, difren red, ad made manifest, Tse ic the = ‘Suen hor an the es a ig a atic To sppose thar an annoy exsts Between Social ara of SSee ne mere tote ofthe say after phy ftom vo ble th cnc “nemo” Bec of tichetony, they ab emer Se sr ef oa decane ‘lat, tc ens uve ergo sso Thaw coe ent ml They ep of sh Fr ort scpacning he hel snd wwarancictscens os ece be Sunt fsa ele ey fom hee of ross [abr isle an me oh meer an ed ‘reas, and thc ton, thug te mela feeb tee thatscal pit posns bang io tha seo xpd by «pi whch tom cacy fs ang, sors, ts oe ae of pesca eumet™ Dope sep Sea cbr she nec herb ees veh cde Fig in thio sen ee, y pry tee ae thee onr who ve wrtacr nach wey at Be Md eat ‘Snes tly een gy aed po ‘SCESD tats moms te od EET GRD. TS wok S Sate os tangas, ono faa once te pss eae heaping to Stree he tes of outory oof oh at ead crc ad a ‘ems poke eng th Ge nsoten eas cure wh 1 dei sesey th pe ania aes rece xchange eter eh nd tex. The Poe pal ‘appressed ee re pu owes), ie the pet ex frm cso onempton Harel oes fn shed bere hy work sich atone thes cane shih “pce teh ‘vl atin cnet omc hn of ork ae pe of dicoue’ Caw uy i ts gon or ha Fe nd Sra fax eam te chuned esonue een obec es ene Flencorestom san be asad ong oars Rot mae betorcgn when thy top to on or bec mobil as Siey tae th wee am cal sey temo terse se vo many oun! eae of eres Dope06 PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES 1929; cha cl story wins tthe moment hen these ‘onto nd pal mperace of are” keene gh, thas median Ks ene Tot by hace hat the soca st” GT Langi and Segnos,cptyawocted wh + soclogy hated oe henge Tete led te inti and with 3 ee of payee fst (eking down the mind into eb of io” “inpulcs, tnt uprscnne}” wa combine! ith he ier ofthe gn ine bourne tend fhe inten com ey hace ae {Bead spor of enon the nhac nexher an bet no 3 fla for nears happe to be, om Loe Zama, saddest Spet eons but of teh tnd tat enone eine Cente tla ‘trogen opopapy and orig without having ke ign el ois deve rel? From ling cums owing book, orl pai sec save to Beever of key. the Faeroe at theta of firmly consort so ani defined the dvene Koel tf ach thre were ahve scum within the cet of ee ‘poop and il cn ofa paps 2 exon of patos or ofa Shr wo signed wi the prope mast “pote” a peeimony, ‘Gen, and esa recut of erudite sche devel 0» ke sn ting, viv is th otha rs small the mao fe ‘Moma Commons Sanam pat sot inom, works“ ‘eae sbjc of bal ime hat rad language commen Ted br al eran wo son rode objects dono cape thi aw, ur the nc ni es hich ey epod ir ge of eve so eno ng 3 ili, bur ewok oo ch wer nligenn which da ttl aoe ro he “pry tay an om pons and ecommon pope, bees pover caps with de cling er tcoson othe ney and npn the nem nd coves of ay, Slain paso counglsn developed i the cent ey Oy the Anta when Lic SD bance the vo wold wae ad tht be wed ose om extenhenus hts “hock afaae uate an! eof he eens pd ae a been ihe oct hewn cng the Spraran o tne lg td cl steggcs whch eine Toei cmay bore he Bs of eign “pres” in he ce of Irobgaa cmp In a, he gis Ques conan be wag Te Hamid pein & fora loog tne, ahough no on eligious grounds: beeweenrepublcats and taditionaiss, or beeen the fle publique and the flere, Bat these rugs lst thi occpoic importance afer he ist Werld War when the feces tht had bo opposed were dispersed int diferent cargos, wen "yaheing”or cane “on” were foam, and when the econsmy bein to orange the language of French ie Only then didi ecm pone wo teat Rabat 4 Crista that 2 wi os tsps eto witha frm dss no longer seed tin the dal if of sce, and therefore oop fworng the cane of the Reformation a the Chian Democrat in te posta or religis hi toviograpy of he adem This brings acide ber nor more abjectne concep, but des inde a dite stain. A socal change po ‘ides historia tance i elaon to whats beeming an eriely ps Th this way Lucien Feb follows in he footing fs frebea, Ae presuppsitons of ei undermunding, they adoped the aoc srcrre ind asumpons ofthe group even iene making thr undergo fxtcal det, Dont he fundr ofthe Amma oa ch when he promotes # htorcl quest and Rema of Man,” the "eceig fare athe cemter ofthe universe of his bourgeois rales” when he cal “plod history” the panorams which i offered to the sca oF the eget of nies when, wih mene“ See arcing,” whieh functions a the anor to Mase als and hes onder aula” hoowgencty the iss cons in which he 40, it implicated?" Howeve geil and new ie maybe, his history iso es Socially mark an hase which he rect, and ihe able go Bayon than it nly Sees they corespond to pa station, an bere ane ea ce “rock” cst Over bu by the place efile nthe onic of is presen ime With o without the i dat burs drought Lacin Fee's books, the sume iss are ubiquitously a sake kodsy—even we leave aside the eof the soil and politcal ris which extend to publictions oe iran, whe tc iio are pl. 1 doubles ao Soe 2 question of a war beeen the partes or great bodies of yesterday (the troupe witha ikoieng of eke programs and he tac buts ae to longer satel there "Newly sf 1 the metmoqphoss of Convio nt esogcy,n echnocntc and anonyme prs:os PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES tiv sci that can no lnger ether designe its chokes o keep tak tis powers (n oer eo sow ort denounce chem). Ths, the clo- ‘haa universiy, + body depived of autonomy in ease with ie x fumon, snow Tt open to order ad pesures coming from without {Win the scene expansioninm or the humanistic crusades of| Cel ies ae eps By eetren, In mates of opens, silent plies imation. Discoane tke on the cloe ofthe walls; is “neu feline becomes the means of defending lc stead of being the Seawmene of "cues" which might expes a dese. Dizouse an 90 lenge spe ofthe element which spent abet af poston eo be speed and of paonizingpratonen to be sliced. Here, the Imes is onc the unavowed dimension of texts ht have Become pretend exit of what i done in elton to what sae the dappeacance ofa pice where» Frc connected 03 cet an tree Besides, would this nese not been the reference of con ‘Siti historiography to an "unconscious" both endowed with amagic Stal and transfor naib te need one has al the sane” to afin» power that everyone sey knows” has lead vanished? Wh Pritt What Prin: The Plcr IREEORE knowing what ory sis of soi, me sve to aayee ow hoy fnetons within The hiteigaphical ntigson in sed within a compos hat son one dof radon foe Find piohihs ar Sach she double ncn ote Place. Kmaks Fane crn rsaches though the fiz of eormon conjunc ad Process as cee inpoabl; # clades Rom scours hats ar at given moment plas terol of 2 eens with {hy wo aren name, pl —poraes of ma This ‘Smbintion of oman snd ntdcion doubt he Bind poe Thon as, and ao the eon why itis incampashe wh ‘Pimps yu jo ating Te oualy wien th combason eat Mock dened to mod pli i ol In any ete, rsech icrcsrt bythe placed connection ‘of posible and imple define IF were envisaged Sl 359 “Syn gd mold be etoied io hit, that 2 oma, fr tn impinary pce, would be aut for the connection of Share to oil les To the conta, Rison ined ntl By 2 teat of guage othe (wc) boa, and erefne by saion so “he Hicoragapical Operon 69 the limits the che boy aig iter in spect wo the pact place ‘whence oe sess, ia respect othe eter obj (past, dead) thai yoke abou HEsory ss emily shaped by the system within whic tis developed ‘Today as yesterday. iis determined by theft ofa localized ibietion stsnch and sch » poi within es stem, Therefore, aking acount ofthe ple where ts prox ony allows historogrphicl knows to expe fiom the nswaenest of las tha would il to rengie| ica clas in reasons of producti, and tht woud Bkews lf ‘econ the soci in which sine. Connecting hoy to se ithe contion of posi for any socal ans L known Sr = fat da, in Maras as in Fears, cere canbe no analysis which oct not depen whally pon the station crete by 4 soc ora Iya lan, "To take seriously the ste of historiography is ill ot tantamount 10 expounding hiory. Nothing of what produced in eye sid about ie Baran the pic scrcualy ithe condition ta lowe something tobe sated ha ithe egerdary (oc efi”) no topical aking ‘eranc), Dail the pei of ee place being he very pence (oF idolgy, al theory iene. Even mor, by moving douse it 2 opie, seology frbide sory from speaking of soley an of| Aead-in other words fom Beng histor. A PRACTICE ‘MAKING hizo” i 2 pace. From thie point of vew We an 9 ‘aoje to mote programas paspecv,cwsge pats har ae opened, {cae to pre he epee stent that ths fr a solo ‘ot hstoriography has bom revealing. Tesora he nies is fright practice and co technica, ‘epthing ha places Rizory in rappore with tcc ect | “wale cen” Forme this meat epiazaphy.papwaony. pakoe nny, dinomatiss codcology, ete. rosy, munsalgy, “fllssn,” ‘Sompuer secs Haory would only begin withthe “noble pee” “finepeetiin, Ie wool aly be an a of course diel eran acs of bor Tne, there is. decisive option bee: the importance tha i accorded eo technales cums hse’ either inthe detion oF Tera or the diction of scene,1 PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES Ft is wue thatthe rgaination of history brave wo a plac anda tin his is i ofa Bae of ehigues of production Generally pein every sci tinks fel corel? withthe isomers (Soe porn i B she erm instrament seguir At stake ae tot ely meas, Serge Mossi has mos convincingly shown!" —a thoogh rom another prpecse—that sory is mediated by technique In ths fuhion i tltvaed the prege vested in socal story throughout the inseenh cer, and often enough tay. A sces felsion with ill, the becoming ote” ofthe gioup acording 1 2 Tm dale, combiaed with what is coc to erent scntifi Sito he becoming of mare, which oncea gen anda week Research follows along this changing border berteen the gen and te erated and finaly between na and cle. In If” biology dicot guage spon before speakers ever appear. Pahoa cers the aseuation ofa desire in cous hat organ in ways ‘ther than those expressed vough conscioases. In 2 ference Enonmentl sence mosis the moving combiraons of pcre and Indy, but it can no loget ioe he indefinite exesion of win ‘Sevirctons fom dhe nar strctures ha i changes. “Tt immense work ste promercs, as Moov has sai, a “reneval {ef nace) nsigued dough oo intention "Tees humanity to mater cfr fe ths way "the soil order is marked a3 fom tthe naa one, and not av an enti opposed toi” All ofthis ‘rl my profane that assumed its “ental sector” o be Whar Labeonse cle "sol hing, the ite history of socal groups {hu thc elon" Aleady bony has been dicted st award econ Gin then soward “renee” thus oxilting berwexn the ew tems ‘ofthe rhtion ha eeaeh is inreasngy honoring’ nate ad cue “The sigs ae elipyng. An orinzaton thar was sready ouined Go ing the ped exw he was he ies in gography and in a "his ton of men inte cle rho With the ath” emphasized wih Saws on te easton and she contsnations of tan spe. on ths migeaons of plans an thir socoecoc ffets on the history tf echniges," on ruttions of eay, 0 sine, mene, andthe story af the by, and 20 Foch Tut the Fld opc to sory cin never be soley new objects famished to at unchanged instution. History 2 such becomes inveld in eis ‘ason of douse with the ecnsqucs engendering it. We muse “Gmge ow eal wth "atual” cent i order change chem into “Te Hisariagrapcl Operation n scl crime, a How i makes wansformatons feted within the relon of sot and is nati accede wo Rear sybotiatin. Tom wases, papers vegas ded fom girs and "tal sows store mate mai ilies hey eake history. They fishin = Uric of me Thy parce inthe Work tha anges nate in “vironment nd thus mony ehe notte of ta The tecigues i te tem spiel in his arclason. Phe swe are atthe evel of (Bs pate no lanier do we faethe dicho which opposes the naa henna, bu he conection herwees a socaltion of ate fn “narra” (ra materiaiason) of soil elton, ‘The Nate Cutare Comecion [x0 doube i isan overttmene to say thst “ime™ proves the “aw (Sia of hie analyse” or “specie object Aewring wm thi tnethods, orn es wi the physical objet (papers, stones, age tums so on) that ae dinghies win the come of P= epton drought organization of society and the systems of revance Sich bong to scene” They werk on mata in onder to as {bem them it history, ere they underate« rate of maripultion ti ke ecko, bj to res. A comparable manipulation would te the manufacturing of goods made of aeady rine? mater. Fist transforming dh atti (a pramary sure) io a standard prot (eccondary sure) he work af the bsoran cars tom one sion = zt Tas) Front work partpter the moverent through which # soity trams els fo natre Dy changing the Snatural” into the u- ier fe example,» fret thats exploze, cio the esti (oe ‘ample, mountain ted ino landscape) or by making a sci Hl shit om one state toanotber (example, a church thai ered to 3 msc) os hiner ae not sated with amar one carl anguage imu another, ha sui proktions ito historical objets. They can Change cements ino colors that they Rave erated fom mater tc From thr documentation in which they ince pebbles, sound, et) rote took suk and pase, of the) proce so 2 placement af the separation be {reer Bue and care They modify space in the manner ofthe (ligne wo organs Ed in herons nerwok of anspor,2 PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES ofthe acitst who repute the ake wih dams, of Pie Fey, who Gangs» squeaking door imo a musil mot, of ofthe poet who com pletely warforms th lations between 2 "noe" and a “message.” Hs foram, mean gh 2 ees of tansoema {ova metamorphose she envionment hough ris of tsi thre wh change te bounds ae the fae SSS pens cine ad change "To be srs we can obuene nowadays hat an neensing mast f is ‘orc books ae esting PEI or ERD Such books ro longer rote tee eranformaton the Bs OF ear, while in const ‘ferrure neds o work upon Inge and make 4 “est sge what Raymond Rouse! describes a "omen of reganiation, 2 Or iulbon which engender at desroys™” Tn nes woed in his or Isto eae tobe “iene” wie Irate becomes mee and more so When histor spore that pst ead given unwell in thir {ei they align themes al dhe moe with the consume’ behavior “They panel receive objets drbutd by prs ‘Wie “zie” i hry and in other spines is the operation tc anges the "mie”—or What maker an ongniation (wheter 50- kite.) the condgon and pace of rnirmation. In soci, one af srg point placer the connection Wing cle aru In tory. the operation enables 2 “goverment of atic” in {nay tar concene the anon ofthe preset to the pust—isoir 35 {he later i eso mich 4 “gin” a8 a rode. From this festa common to al wen seach we can spc pe ‘iy shove points where tedhniqe marked HeteT do abe wish 1 Tok bck to haroncal oss, By ens of sever probing tend ‘nly t mit the ype of theoreti problem dat sn exanunation of | “practi and ena precede can ope in histo The Baalimene of Soe or he Rerbsation of Spe fav etry seth begins with the gece of ting aide, of putting trgsther, of easing rain cle objec “docemess” This ‘ew clu ibn ee sas In ety consis mpeg Sisk dosent by dit of copying, raserbig, or phomgraphing these ‘bjt sruaneousy changing te flocs athe sans. This gesture Censi in lang” body—as i pyses—and “denaturing things ‘The Hiisoriagripbical Operason 18 Jin oder to sm the it ars which wl se lacunae ise an a rion toay Te forms the ealletion” of document. Inthe words of| Jean Baarlland, places things ina “magia sytem ™ Ic exes them from prac n os 0 conte pn them the sana of “alata” Ob jes of knowlege Fae fom seeping “dae” dhis gestae forms them. “The ocr cated through contd stone which demi by ‘amin i out fom the sphere of we, actions which sec alo to know it beyond te limits of te, and which sin at ging it a caren acw toe Ir ews the vege of cone which most received de and ‘voc sso” The etablishment of sigs fered foe speci tea men, shi upeue i threo nee uniquely por om the fst the ‘lof “gan” A technical operation ir neces ‘The ojgne oft National Archives aes ply, in lc, the comm bination of grog (he rc”), lace (irs), and pra (of copying, pining, communion, csfication, x). n ae poi, hey ines token of ech eye wich ws inagursed in the Wet with *colecons assembled in Tay, chen in France, fem the feet eco sory onward. They were financed by geet patos who wanted to 3p- propane story for themselves (he Med fay, ee kes of Nan, {Chace of Oran, Lovie Xl, nd 90 0) In these areas ceeon of ‘now tm Cooling”) combined ith the stisacton of new me {json of cent and fil groups tanks tothe exablshment of ther own taconite, and prope gh) and with we pede ton of nes obo (documents tat aes se, conserved nd copied) oe meaning i eter deine by the lao of every et te le ser the calltion). The sence ust sboen (the “eon” of| the seventh century) inher with these esablshment of sources” echnical inintons—is bas andes. a ned wath arial av among men of ees je, be resus, and recorder kepes the exerprse expands and connie 3 ‘oon 3 pases into the Hands of specs. Te eoductie a procive I obsess the laws of alipiation, From 1470 ony te lod with poning the “collazion” becom 4 “bear “Caleesng” for eng time actully mesos manultring abet: copying opine sng, binding, casing and withthe procs he rupli, the co [tor becomes an agent inthe onesanton of 2 hry be made (or fee) according 0 new ill and Soi cleans. Hence the Colston, a topples the instruments of Work, edistbues hig {ies ments of incwldge, and nage lcs fr 3 ne Beginning through the bung of what Piece Chau al “gigantic nt ‘hte” tat wil team ene free history possible "Eu scholars wan © develop ino whole the inumerable “a ser dt the ene erator othe city bring, Back to them ‘hey wanes ven languages ta wil suet understanding of he Tore ea judge rom te evolution of thel Work, from the ed of dhe sient entry apt Leni though Peres and Kircher, thes tok fv const tonal he methane of ne tes Fs ‘tanks to anata promednes,epecaly aa and synthe. They bre pooped by Ge dra of toalsing taxon by he wil {© create univer insrumens proportioned to theic pasion for com frehersvenes. Trough the itemediany of the ep, which plays 2 ‘col rl ints “ae of ecperment” homologies between eruiion ‘odimathematics ae crucially pentane To be sure, ote ep, ode ‘Sstneé to consent an “ed,” & opposed the symbol. Linked wo ¢ treed text wich ces £0 a hidden meaning within ehe gue (alle fey, blazon, emblem, ec, symbol implies the nesesity fr an aah aa! communtiy by mbormever “ie” enough to det thse But un te ote side, even ifthe Ueland does numero the ystems mae posi by te ipher—fiom the series ff curs to che arial o universal languages (we mighty om Tver wo Lefbeis)-—are however inscribed slong the Une of develo men hat esac the cma of » lmguage anette, the Producion of techniques and bjs proper toi “Today the etablishment of wares requies ao 2 founding gesture, Signed, 3 in former tims, by the combination of pace, a8 “app fous” and echnigus. A ise sin of this diplacement hee no ask Wich dees not have to we common ure olermbe and foe ean hange the fnsion of aechives Form efned by elgons oa Baum" Accordingly inthe aame of new relevance, the work shapes took, cigs son3s, popu ager, che out arma, wa graphy, and 0 fry int documents. The ue ix not only one of bringing these “immense dormant sectors of documentation” ti of ing a vie wo sence, o of nding cue oa possi. tans ‘Ganga something which had its owe definate tates and ol ioe Phi ee whic neon cifetee. And, Woo, the bel “researc te he applet stay hat purcly an spy adopt formes cat ‘ions, which Stk the nats posed for example By ses H in che [Naren Archives, and which theeore doce not deine ison Bel of ‘Doe Hlstorigraphica Operation 8 sy, A nil” whe it poe a ini of oe se when cons, feof ean Sesto taal as maior 2st and hough ensleranal cngs Nowa he watts poser ra ore findanenal rob- len han se nae ys al sp For ce are pie cx peony chan ote parts wih a eee te ‘Sado, ean and red of» dilcent Sma to pac nicl xen tol or mol achive one spent of te pp tat fret derined opens aed os sn of tees Any ching the a fae fc thw {hone form eng ngs. The sare ction poh ferro onc atwes to ize ques In fry he tasion ‘he neem aow xe ou pple ey few ae and ans Cay an egy eo histo i" ver in hes fr te en pres is Hear o ory. Yeti amano to klorsng foe pestis ach foun wd ote bats lng ended yoy Sow the en sd” sh il a ey “The eustemaion of “avi” ivy i the poi of depere anltbe cnn snow oy I ie ye ee dc he ete “hn” ha pled in he seveeeND weigh ccm tooo ene i se cmp Fg Foret a shown sl of tc fle prtae by he eta ot te aie ore on peated pr mening nce a9 Sun foal, an xin ean fo 4a Te crs of !nvengon an nib the wh an be conse mal ee prota tes ple ao on°” Tet nosing on = Farr cent a pr 3 symptom of gers itr the. Covempray as oct proces ned te “pmbol tos wih ba pressed sce ete of romain and whch sca respi» ven 2nd hoy mean. Ars epi ie ‘ont n acinar he cee pod atm ‘secon which dey is ral elon oa roc cosa colacng amok that pated llc, 15 Ande Reger sy, repaoy ee stl of cone pheonc y ‘ar ofan objet sup through denon? adgig he sate tbe fh ober dng w the “Pld uc whch a6 PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES lo ose an sre art fri ry, ebbing Beka te wea ef meng tn yon se eR a i oe a2 i re ees uns x meng i Ran SRST Tain het peg tage wens ngs eretpags) fps th ees rr ee ceed ag tvee uc eheo pcl eay, eee cr erreur af egy one Sa tthe ach tinge ni lm ok te © oe tenet in wat at opened ws a ie rs figs oes ery scr oy a Per eellnrat pepe, wich dbl aye ra Be Sacto we meted) eh tps ee ony ‘acs oe @ aw DD “thn stacey th apa ie (neat tanec sich pies ya eek oe seas pst ro be sem eo, Es Sheba pee iy mann ops or bode te pep eof propria ‘Geotthe appr mess andi i jeted a the ober en Mee aan eed ye ane ey dpe teeters th te mie eh, og nee oe Fate wb raion end nav Cesc sghs tye ang we sea jr wascrhe ssn ute we opens meee bon See itince bey poe of tech tego Sat en ane a he pao ern he fon of in ron cS eared gre Tes eo eeiFal tance tf component of ‘nate ay ingen se ere need epee stn cf mer cn te ein (he se mn oe oe re ees os ace ein fe a EESe ke aa he ra or eee er ard aes te Si arene edt a he monn of ey ‘ae seem ema, th teary of Ces deign—or i th Coan oan So ih ey eo em The Hisrisgraphical Operation Sion developed. A sence grew sound thi appara, which sl the pce where escarrs crt, whi they make rene, nd whore fing hey accept “Going to de achive” the statement of at ew fhe Now another nition is replacing thir cence ko impos aw on practice, hur a diferent ome. Soe ought fst of ll to scun forthe techie nataton which, le « mommnet, cn nines the lcs where om now om alain eee cele beire sve ame in depth the operons tyjecorie eh istry map Ov ‘hs new sac, Bringing Forth Difrence: rom the Moe ts Deviation 14 we of een tenigns of information ers beings hinoine tothe pone of eparing what until now wae combed in thie work the consncson of objects of rearch and hence aloof uns of co pretension; the accumulation of “dats” (secondary soar, or ened awe) and their anangemene in places where they an be eteporied and shite the exploaoon made possible by the dterse operations hich thi meri cep Te ths way trial reseic ie seaged, sry speaking, nthe relsion tower the exeme poe of the ene operation nthe one hand in fe construction of model, and on the ober, inthe atachmnt of “degree of meaning” to the tesuksobained afl of te combinations of rose infomation have been completed. The most ile form of ts elton ultimately consis in granting elevance t dire pro- orton tothe fommal unis bu Befochand, in dacvering ero Esty that can be of technical we. elton to material proce Through the advent of srl constructs sn thee combinations, fer “exept” became the mantsttion of 3 deat rele thee det This sche is probabiy sll quite abstract. Many cuentas make the movement and meaning mire compchensble. Aran example, bi ‘evi anais et oo have aan eval es quanti eaton ewer the ie an the degree of iteracy among men dated into the ser fre from 1819 to 126, ner sven pool of rail ofthe tac regime in postvoltionar France, Du ely the unforeseen > inidences the incoerens, cr the unknowns that tht inp bing for" Wise import ct the combication of exes cained hanks toa pelminary olon of significant pines scoring wo presonceeds PRODUCTIONS OF PLACES ‘models, but, om the one hand the relation among these moves and the Tits that tit ssearc ue rigs ight, aon the oie, fy to east dee iit into problems with which avaiable wsh- ‘igus can deal These roo ape are moreover coordinated, fri the {ileene is made obvious by vite of the igrous extension of con Sracted mdb, iin nce thanks tothe reason ha i Heep with thom inthe Rom of devition—and Hough this leads ream to hese mses wath the sim of coresing tem. might e sd that ‘Se formatestin of teeuch as ae gos! prec he prevotion of Cronin, acinae—that tay be pot to cet se “This way of proceeding appear orertur histor 28 cas been pea ced in the pst Tecstomariy began with Tinted evidence man trip aise), and took atk the songing of all vet tio them, uningexsyting int coherent comprehension Butte “le ofthis indus orion depened then onthe quay of Carmine information, Ie vseilated when is docuentary bis was Cmpromisd by the souks haresed fom new invesigations. Re Sevch-—and ip pranype, the thesis—ended to prolong the time of ‘niomaion-pabering Inds n view of dering the nonetheless incoable mesmen then wnknovth clement would come and demaish fs bis. The sen meyer quantinsve development of he seach fo ‘coments had the est of inodocing into he interminable proces of trocch the vr law dat made i oto as soon a it wae complete 1 eho hasbeen pasied, and Bayona thi sean i inverted. From quate development according ca stable mode! history is ‘ueing to ens changes of models “Ty he sly aly developed over uns that thas ie de fined, insta a5 tesetch becores™and must become —capable of Chooring a pir is objets, evel, ae tacromes of ana The co erence nial Wit the compa, ee quant of tformation that an bested in sion ro these ars fas become ends. Resch fos euly changed. Bad on focal ents dat ae debby put Toward itis dawn sna the devnions that are eae trough lg ical combinations of sce. I plays onthe Limits of model, To we 3 former vocabulary ha nn kngercorepond 0 85 Rew trey We trip ay ha esear na onger Bes tries (ema om fete) in onder to advance ta ayress (presen understanding), eet begins froma Korman (a presen system) in onder ‘The Hitocgraphic! Operon Ey sie oceien to “reminds (sg fn and, ough tis og, of Sac wie pote hina wo ‘Thy mosemen has die fren ered ough thee of he comput Ir peed tpt a3 tee erganation pees the compe, which but oe oreo i symposia pence fon contemporary hstorogphy mat be obseved The hein ti lege penn hostage am emp Heo se no ge nig the prt of «Bol Rs. The Ratan cme to Cee md ‘cle tonlations Fle orsbe work in he magi In his apt the hon becomes 4 prone a «sc ped st genet, pind wah oer ein ep a es sgn ofthe Foner of gre rene lady explo ose" Tage worl of te pemaae™” Orsini Tae de mom abslee “These new cbjecs of esearch atest to & movement which fs been ‘lea isle for several Years inthe satis of ior. Thus Ferman Bese! has shown how sedis on “cual ares” benef when being sina in phces of wags, where "bordeine” “borowed” oe Fee rman be pec The cei of is woke fonsitt of the estion ae they keep with supposed or. posted foxes "a coherence in space” "a petmanenc ie ine”—and the Coercive that they allow to be brought to them. No doube we must vise in this perspective many types of carrent researc ven bogs "apy plays a sole of a diane and a margin proparoned to glo sonstracons. Research ascribes objects for isell hat ae he shape of| ‘proce hey mish eit the mean of Brigg ft ifeenes ‘lave w contnuitis ore clement or which amas roe Reson the Boden ‘Tas araey of hixral prc pps fr ean tat nen tothe ly ews heme itcold be hat mote snd me hs sea peter ox ely he mer ci bt so he anon of Hey within tery sets ay ‘mos longer oan pvt kip wa athe bjs la wal een age—caet spec neers which $5 my poplzionsen of apg soy wih hl repre