Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Boiler Calculations Presentation
Boiler Calculations Presentation
21
=
21 O2 fluegas
Excess air factor variation
Determination of optimal excess air factor
Depends on several conditions:
• Fuel type, combustion system, burner construction,
pollutant emission limits, etc.
• Some usual values of the excess air factor :
fuel
gas 1.03 - 1.3
oil 1.1 - 1.4
coarse solid fuel 1.4 - 2.0
pulverized solid fuel 1.2 – 1.5
Heat balance on boilers
Input power sum is equal with output power sum: Qin = Qout
Input heat components:
• Input heat in chemical bound of fuel. Qfuel = B Hi
• Input physical heat of fuel: Qfuelphysical = B cpfuel (tin - tamb )
• Input heat of hot air: Qair = B µLo’ cpair (tin – tamb )
• Other
Q& in
= B ( Hi + µ Lo' c pair ( tair tamb ) + c fuel ( t fuel t amb )) + Q& other
Definition of boiler efficiency
• Loss factor is given by the ratio of loss heat power and input
power.
= Qloss / Qin
Heat exchanger type losses
fg = Qfg / Qin
Qfg = mfg (hfgout - hfgamb) = B (µVo’+( -1) µLo’) cpfg (tfgout – tamb)
µ + µ
=
[µ fg 0 +( 1) µ L 0 ]
K c fg t fgout K *r µ L 0 cair t amb
fg
Hi
Fluegas heat loss
variation in case of
fuel oil S firing
Utilization of condensation heat
Condensation of fluegas water content
• Fluegas can be considered as ideal mixture of different
gas components
• Accoding to Dalton’s law he pressure of a mixture of
gases can be defined as the summation of partial pressure
of each components:
60
th( h) 55
50 .
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
h
Heating value ratio variation
= Q´H/(Q`K*tB)
0 Workload 1
Atmospheric premix type burner
Atmospheric premix type burner
with open combustion system – wall hung boiler
Atmospheric premix type burner
with open combustion system – floor standing boiler
Atmospheric premix type burner
with open combustion system – floor standing boiler
Examples for different combustion air supply
4.195
cvm( t ) 4.19
4.185
4.18
15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
t
.
Flue gas heat loss calculation
=
[µ fg 0 +( 1) µ L 0 ]
K c fg t fgout K *r µ L 0 cair tamb
fg
Hi
kg 273 p g + 101325
g0 := 0.72 3
( )
g t , p g := g0 t + 273 101325
m
0.72
0.7
g( t , 2000)
g( t , 2500)
g( t , 3000)
0.68
0.66
10 15 20 25 30
.
t
Indirect efficiency calculation
• ind = 100%- fg- rad
21
Operational excess air factor: :=
21 O2 = 1.235
Refeence oxygen content of flue gas for evaluation of emission limits: O2r := 3 %
M NO2
M NO2 := 46 kg/kmol NOxm := NOx NOxm = 307.898
22.41 mg/m 3
M CO
M CO := 28 kg/kmol COm := CO COm = 87.461
22.41 mg/m 3
21 O2r
Reference value: COrm := COm COrm = 92.606
21 O2 mg/m 3
M C4H10
M C4H10 := 58 kg/kmol CxHym := CxHy CxHym = 46.586 mg/m 3
22.41
21 O2r
Reference value: CxHyrm := CxHym CxHyrm = 49.327 mg/m 3
21 O2
Summary and comparison of emission values