MIN-305 Heat & Mass Transfer

Tutorial – 1

1.1 A 250x250 mm2 test panel, 30 mm thick is placed between two plates and the
whole assembly is perfectly insulated. The interface temperature of one plate is
maintained at 80oC by heating electrically at the rate of 50 W; the other plate has
an interface temperature of 21oC. Find the thermal conductivity of the test panel
and the temperature of the test panel at a cross section 10 mm away from the first
plate.
1.2 An electronic cabinet made of black anodized aluminium is cooled by natural
convection and radiation. The surface area of the cabinet is 0.268 m2, the ambient
temperature is 250C, and h=6.9 W/m2.K. Estimate the rate of heat transfer from
the cabinet if its surface temperature is to be maintained at 200oC. Also calculate
the percentage of heat transfer accomplished by radiation.
1.3 Brickwork of 50 mm thickness has layers of magnesia of 10 mm thickness on
each side. Steel bolts of 20 mm diameter penetrate the assembly. Number of bolts
is four per m2 area. The two outer surfaces of the assembly are kept at 100oC and
35oC. Thermal conductivities of magnesia, brick and steel are 0.1, 1.0 and 50
W/m.K respectively. Assuming one dimensional heat flow, calculate the rate of
heat flow through the assembly per m2 area.
1.4 A furnace wall is built up of the following materials; 7.5 cm fire brick (k=0.12),
1cm steel (k=50) and 5 cm insulating material (k=0.10). All values of k are in
W/m.K. The inside and outside film conductances are 25 and 5 W/m2.K
respectively. The value of  for inside and outside walls are 0.90 and 0.95
respectively. Temperature of hot gas is 700oC and that of outside air is 25oC.
Calculate (a) the overall heat transfer coefficient (b) the temperature of the brick-
steel interface.
1.5 A steam pipe with ID and OD as 100 and 170 mm is covered with two layers of
insulation, 30 mm and 50 mm thick. Thermal conductivity of insulating materials
are 0.175 and 0.093 W/m.K respectively while that of steel is 50. The unit surface
conductance of the steam side film is 2000 and that of the outside film is 9
W/m2.K. If the steam temperature is 300oC and the outside temperature is 50oC.
Determine the heat loss from the pipe and the layer contact temperatures.
1.6 A 100 W bulb of negligible size is buried in soil (k=0.1 W/m.K) at 5oC and
switched on until steady state is reached. Find the temperature 25 cm away from
the bulb.
1.7 A hollow sphere of steel (k=50 W/m.K) with ID and OD of 10 cm and 11 cm is
covered with a 5 cm thick layer of insulation (k=0.06 W/m.K). An electric heater
is placed inside the sphere. If the inner and outer film conductance are 100 and 50
W/m2.K respectively, find the wattage required to maintain a temperature
difference of 50oC between the inside and outside air of the sphere.
1.8 A 2 mm diameter wire with resistance of 0.07 /m carries a 15 A current. It is to
be insulated with a material for which k=0.0875 W/m.K. If h=23.3 W/m2.K, and
the wire temperature is uniform, calculate the thickness of insulation which will
result in the lowest operating temperature of the wire.
1.9 A conical section is fabricated from pyroceram. It is of circular cross section with
diameter D=ax, where a=0.25. The smaller end is located at x 1=50 mm and the
large end at x2=250 mm. The end temperatures are T1=400 K and T2=600 K,
while the lateral surface is well insulated. If the conductivity of the pyroceram is
3.46 W/m.K, derive the expression for temperature distribution and also calculate
the rate of heat transfer.
1.10 An aluminium plate 4 mm thick is mounted in a horizontal position, and its
bottom surface is well insulated. A special, thin coating is applied to the top
surface such that it absorbs 80 % of any incident solar radiation, while having an
emissivity of 0.25. The density  and specific heat c of aluminium are known to
be 2700 kg/m3 and 900 J/kg.K, respectively.
(a) Consider condition for which the plate is at a temperature of 250C and its top
surface is suddenly exposed to ambient air at T=200C and to solar radiation
that provides an incident flux of 900 W/m2. The convection heat transfer
coefficient between the surface and the air is h=20 W/m2.K. What is the initial
rate of change of the plate temperature?
(b) What will be the equilibrium temperature of the plate when steady-state
conditions are reached?
1.11 Plate glass at 6000C is cooled by passing air over its surface such that the
convection heat transfer coefficient is h=5 W/m2.K to prevent cracking, it is
known that the temperature gradient must not exceed 150C/mm at any point in the
glass during the cooling process. If the thermal conductivity of the glass is 1.4
W/m.K and its surface emmissivity is 0.8, what is the lowest temperature of the
air that can initially be used for the cooling? Assume that the temperature of the
air equals that of the surroundings.