Oliver Cromwell

Made by:
Anastasia Marfina, Zhanna Pronicheva
Hello, our dear groupmates. My name is Zhanna. And my name is Nastya.
Today we are going to present you Oliver Cromwell’s biography. You need to write
new information in your textbooks and listen to us carefully, because there will be a
short questionnaire in the end of the presentation.
Vocabulary
Infancy [ˈɪn.fən.si] – младенчество
Descendant [dɪˈsen.dənt] – потомок, наследник
Landowner [ˈlændˌəʊ.nər] – землевладелец, помещик
Merchant [ˈmɜː.tʃənt] – купец
Abolition [ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.ən] – ликвидация, запрет, отмена
Swift [swɪft] – быстрый, незамедлительный
To split [splɪt] – разделить, split – раскол
Kidney stone [ˈkɪd.ni ˌstəʊn] – почечный камень
In the aftermath [ˈɑːf.tə.mæθ] – впоследствии, в послевоенное время
Urinary infection [ˈjʊə.rɪ.nər.i] – инфекция мочеполовой системы
To be tried for – предстать перед судом по обвинению (в…)
Overthrow [ˌəʊ.vəˈθrəʊ] – свержение
Ailing [ˈeɪ.lɪŋ] – больной, слабый
Statesman [ˈsteɪts.mən] – государственный деятель
Paternal [pəˈtɜː.nəl] – по отцовской линии
Tenancy [ˈtenənsɪ] – аренда
Lieutenant [lefˈten.ənt] – лейтенант
 Plan
1. Introduction
2. The main body:
- Early years
- Marriage
- Military and political leader
- Death
- Richard Cromwell, the son of his
3. Summary
4. Quiz
5. Video

Introduction
Oliver Cromwell rose from the middle ranks of English society to be Lord Protector
of England, Scotland and Ireland, the only non-royal ever to hold that position. He
played a leading role in bringing Charles I to trial and to execution; he undertook the
most complete and the most brutal military conquest ever undertaken by the English
over their neighbours; he championed a degree of religious freedom otherwise
unknown in England before the last one hundred years; but the experiment he led
collapsed within two years of his death. He was – and remains – one of the most
contentious figures in world history.

The main body

Early Years
Oliver Cromwell was an English general and statesman. He was born in
Huntingdon, a small town near Cambridge, on 25 April 1599 to Robert Cromwell and
his wife Elizabeth, daughter of William Steward. They had ten children, but Oliver,
the fifth child, was the only boy to survive infancy. Oliver Cromwell’s great-great-
grandfather, Morgan Williams, married Thomas’ sister Katherine in 1497. It was
Morgan and Katherine’s three sons who took the surname Cromwell in honor of their
famous maternal uncle. This practice was repeated by many of their descendants,
who also occasionally used the surname Williams-Cromwell. (In the wake of the
Restoration some members of the family reverted to the surname Williams
temporarily to distance themselves from any links to Oliver Cromwell).
 The Cromwell family acquired great wealth as occasional beneficiaries of
Thomas's administration of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Cromwell's paternal
grandfather Sir Henry Williams was one of the two wealthiest landowners in
Huntingdonshire.
Oliver studied at Huntingdon grammar school and later at the Sussex College.
During his studies, Cromwell started as a minor landowner, farming and collecting
tenancy rents. Robert, his father, passed away in June 1617, which led to Cromwell
leaving Cambridge without completing his degree.
Marriage
Cromwell married Elizabeth Bourchier on 22 August 1620 at St Giles-without-
Cripplegate, Fore Street, London. The couple had nine children, although only six
survived into adulthood. The marriage brought Cromwell into contact with Oliver St
John and with members of the London merchant community, behind whom was the
influence of the Earls of Warwick and Holland. This contact was crucial to
Cromwell's military and political career.
Military and political leader
There was the first English Civil War between the Royalists in the summer of
1642, the supporters of King Charles I who claimed that the King should have
absolute power, and the Parliamentarians who favored a constitutional monarchy and
later the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords completely.
From the very beginning Cromwell was a committed member of the
parliamentary army. He was swiftly promoted to second in command as lieutenant-
general of the Eastern Association army, followed by a further promotion to second
in command of the New Model Army in 1645.
When Civil War started once again, there was a split between those members of
the parliament who wished to continue to support the King and those such as
Cromwell, who felt that the only way to bring peace, were Charles’ trial and
execution.
After the King’s execution in 1649 a Council of State introduced The
Commonwealth of England, which replaced the monarchy. Cromwell led the English
military campaigns to establish control of Ireland in 1649 and later Scotland in 1650.
This resulted in the end of the Civil War with a Parliamentary victory at the Battle of
Worcester on 3 September 1651 and the introduction of the Commonwealth of
England, Scotland and Ireland. Cromwell was appointment to Lord General
(commander in chief) of the parliamentary armed forces in 1650. In December 1653,
Cromwell became Lord Protector, a role in which he remained until his death five
years later.
 Death
It is thought that Cromwell suffered from kidney stones in 1658. In the aftermath
of malarial fever Cromwell got a urinary infection, which saw his decline and
eventual death at the age of 59 on Friday 3 September, 1658.
On 30 January 1661, Oliver Cromwell’s body, along with the bodies of John
Bradshaw and Henry Ireton, Cromwell’s son-in-law and general in the Parliamentary
army during the English Civil War, were removed from Westminster Abbey to be
tried for treason and ‘executed’. The bodies were hung in chains before being
beheaded, then thrown in a common grave and the heads were displayed on a twenty-
foot spike at Westminster Hall, where they remained until 1685.
Richard Cromwell
After the Cromwell’s death his son Richard became Lord Protector. However,
Richard lacked the political and military power of his father and his forced
resignation in May 1659 ended the Protectorate. The lack of a clear Commonwealth
leadership lead to the restoration of Parliament and the monarchy in 1660 under
Charles II.
Richard Cromwell proved to be nothing like his father, living in his shadow,
Richard grew up in a large family, the third son and with eight other siblings. He was
born in October 1626.
Richard was very religious, and thought that the overthrow of the monarchy was
God’s will.
By 25th May 1657, with ailing health he nominated his son as Lord Protector, and
passed away on 3rd September 1658.
Summary
In conclusion, Oliver Cromwell was an important political and military figure,
which is still remembered. He did a lot for England and its history. Some historians
such as Austin Woolrych argue that Cromwell was subject to two conflicting forces:
his obligation to the army and his desire to achieve a lasting settlement. Others found
biblical references in Oliver’s speeches, which can proof that his radical actions were
driven by his desire for godly reformation.
Here goes a questionnaire which includes eight questions.
Quiz:
1. Where was Oliver Cromwell born?
a) Cambridge
b) Huntingdon
c) Ely
d) Thetford

2. What was the name of Oliver’s great-great-grandfather?

a) Thomas
b) James
c) Morgan
d) John

3. When was Oliver Cromwell born?

a) 9 January 1601
b) 25 April 1599
c) 10 July 1598
d) 1 October 1602

4. Which college did Oliver Cromwell attend?

a) Pembroke College
b) St. James’ College
c) St. George’s College
d) Sidney Sussex College

5. Why did Oliver Cromwell die?

a) Because he was executed
b) because of old age
c) because of malarial fever
d) because of urinary infection

6. Whom did Oliver Cromwell name as his successor?

a) Devereux
b) Fairfax
c) His son
d) Charles II

7. How many children did Oliver have?

a) Nine
 b) Ten
c) Eight
d) Nineteen

8. The real Oliver’s surname is...

a) Cromwell
b) Williams
c) Egbert
d) Jones

Now, we would like to show you a small video about the Battle of Naseby. It was a
decisive engagement of the First English Civil War, fought on 14 June 1645 between
the main Royalist army of King Charles I and the Parliamentarian New Model Army,
commanded by Oliver Cromwell during which Cromwell led his wing with great
success.
The battle of Naseby is one of the most famous battles of the first English Civil War,
which started in 1642. And in 1650 Cromwell was appointed Captain-General of the
Commonwealth.
[Video]
That’s all, thank you for your attention.
If you have questions, please be free to ask them.