CARBOHYDRATES:

Monosaccharides

Christopher Bernard S. Benong R.Chem.Tech.,

BS.Chem.
Science Laboratory Technician
Classification of Monosaccharides
• Monosaccharides are classified into 2
Major Groups:

•Aldose- a monosaccharide that contains an

aldehyde (-CHO) functional group. Aldoses are
polyhydroxy aldehydes (RC(=O)H).

•Ketose- a monosaccharide that contains a ketone

(-OH) functional group. Aldoses are polyhydroxy
ketones (RC(=O)R).
Summary (Fischer projection) of the
Aldoses
Summary (Fischer projection) of the Ketoses
 How to memorize the Fischer projection
of the Monosaccharides?
For Aldose:

Position of the fingers according to the Fischer projection of D-Galactose

attached –OH group in the chiral carbon*
 How to memorize the Fischer projection
of the Monosaccharides?
For Ketose:

Position of the fingers according to the Fischer projection of D-Tagatose

attached –OH group in the chiral carbon*
What is a chiral carbon?

These are
carbons that are
bonded to FOUR
DIFFERENT
atoms or groups
 What is Fischer projection?
• Fischer Projection formula is a two-dimentional
structural notation for showing the spatial
arrangement of groups about chiral centers in
molecules.

This was developed by German Chemist

Hermann Emil Fischer.
Reference:
https://www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry/how-to-determine-the-r-s-configuration-of
-a-chiral-center-from-a-fischer-projection/ ;
That’s it for
now. ☺ ☺
☺