ANSI/ASSP A10.13-2011 (R2017) : Safety Requirements For Steel Erection

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ANSI/ASSP A10.13-2011 (R2017)
Safety Requirements for Steel Erection
The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) is now the American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP). ASSP
continues to be the Secretariat for the committee producing this standard and continues to hold the copyright to
this standard. There is no change to the content and requirements in the standard. The only change is on the cover
indicating the organizational name change of the standards developing organization from ASSE to ASSP.
The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to
be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI
accredited A10 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the
correctness or completeness of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication
of this standard, ASSE or the A10 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations
will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property.
ANSI®
ANSI/ASSE A10.13 – 2011 (R2017)
American National Standard

Construction and Demolition Operations
Safety Requirements for Steel Erection
Secretariat
American Society of Safety Engineers

520 N. Northwest Highway
Park Ridge, Illinois 60068
Approved October 5, 2017
American National Standards Institute, Inc.

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Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard A10.13-2011 (R2017).)
This standard is one of a series of safety standards that have been formulated by the
Accredited Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demolition Operations,
A10. It is expected that the standards in the A10 series will find a major application in
industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor and equipment manufacturers. For the
convenience of users, a list of existing and proposed standards in the A10 series for
Safety Requirements in Construction and Demolition Operations follows.
A10.1 Pre-Project & Pre-Task Safety & Health Planning

A10.2 Safety, Health and Environmental Training (under development)
A10.3 Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems
A10.4 Personnel Hoists and Employee Elevators
A10.5 Material Hoists
A10.6 Demolition Operations
A10.7 Transportation, Storage, Handling and Use of Commercial Explosives and
Blasting Agents
A10.8 Scaffolding
A10.9 Concrete and Masonry Construction
A10.10 Temporary and Portable Space Heating Devices
A10.11 Personnel Nets
A10.12 Excavation
A10.13 Steel Erection
A10.15 Dredging
A10.16 Tunnels, Shafts and Caissons
A10.17 Safe Operating Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Construction
A10.18 Temporary Roof and Floor Holes, Wall Openings, Stairways and Other
Unprotected Edges
A10.19 Pile Installation and Extraction Operations
A10.20 Ceramic Tile, Terrazzo, and Marble Work
A10.21 Safe Construction and Demolition of Wind Generation/Turbine Facilities (under
development)
A10.22 Rope-Guided and Non-Guided Workers’ Hoists
A10.23 Safety Requirements for the Installation of Drilled Shafts
A10.24 Roofing – Safety Requirements for Low-Sloped Roofs
A10.25 Sanitation in Construction
A10.26 Emergency Procedures for Construction Sites
A10.27 Hot Mix Asphalt Facilities
A10.28 Work Platforms Suspended from Cranes or Derricks
A10.29 Aerial Platforms in Construction (under development)
A10.31 Digger-Derricks
A10.32 Personal Fall Protection Used in Construction and Demolition Operations
A10.33 Safety and Health Program Requirements for Multi-Employer Projects
A10.34 Public Protection
A10.37 Debris Nets
A10.38 Basic Elements of a Program to Provide a Safe and Healthful Work Environment
A10.39 Construction Safety and Health Audit Program
A10.40 Reduction of Musculoskeletal Problems in Construction
A10.42 Rigging Qualifications and Responsibilities in the Construction Industry
A10.43 Confined Spaces in Construction and Demolition Operations
A10.44 Lockout/Tagout in Construction
A10.46 Hearing Loss Prevention
A10.47 Highway Construction Safety
A10.48 Communication Structures
A10.49 Control of Health Hazards
One purpose of these standards is to serve as guides to governmental authorities having
jurisdiction over subjects within the scope of the A10 Committee standards. If these
standards are adopted for governmental use, the reference of other national codes or
standards in individual volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding
regulations.
Revisions: The A10 Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this standard.
Revisions are made to the standard periodically (usually five years from the date of the
standard) to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated
by experience gained from the application of the standard. Proposals should be as
specific as possible, citing the relevant section number(s), the proposed wording and the
reason for the proposal. Pertinent documentation would enable the A10 Committee to
process the changes in a more-timely manner.
Interpretations: Upon a request in writing to the Secretariat, the A10 Committee will
render an interpretation of any requirement of the standard. The request for interpretation
should be clear, citing the relevant section number(s) and phrased as a request for a
clarification of a specific requirement. Oral interpretations are not provided.
No one but the A10 Committee (through the A10 Secretariat) is authorized to provide any
interpretation of this standard.
Approval: Neither the A10 Committee nor American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
approves, certifies, rates or endorses any item, construction, proprietary device or
activity.
Appendices: Appendices are included in most standards to provide the user with
additional information related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of
the approved standard.
Checklists: Checklists included in A10 standards may be copied and used in non-
commercial settings only.
Committee Meetings: The A10 Committee meets twice per year. Persons wishing to
attend a meeting should contact the Secretariat for information.
Standard Approval: This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by
the American National Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demolition
Operations, A10. Approval of the standard does not necessarily imply (nor is it required)
that all Committee members voted for its approval. At the time ANSI approved this
standard, the A10 Committee had the following members:
Richard King, CSP, Chair
Steven Rank, Vice Chair
Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, CHMM, ARM, CPEA, Secretary
Lauren Bauerschmidt, MS Engr, CSP, Assistant Secretary
Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support
Organization Represented Name of Representative
3M Raymond A. Mann
Mike Boraas
A-Z Safety Resources, Inc. Jane F. Williams, CPEA, CCA
Accident Prevention Corporation Frank Burg, CSP, P.E.
Terry Krug, CSP, CIH
AGC of America Michael McCaffrey
Kevin Cannon
American Insurance Services Group Thad Nosal
James G. Borchardt, CSP, CPE, CPSM,
CRIS
American Society of Civil Engineers John O’Connor, P.E.
Harlan Fair, P.E.
American Society of Safety Engineers Ken Shorter, CSP, ARM, TCDS
A. David Brayton, CSP, CPC
American Wind Energy Association Christopher Daniels
Michele Myers Mihelic
American Work Platform Training, Inc. Dennis W. Eckstine
APT Research, Inc. Saralyn Dwyer
Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc. Stephen Wiltshire, MSc
Greg Sizemore
Barton Malow Company Jeffrey Oliver, CSP, CHST
Mark Haggenmaker
Black & Veatch Richard F. King, CSP
John H. Johnson, CSP
Building & Construction Trades Department Chris Cain, CIH
Gary Gustafson
Century Elevators Paula Manning
Eric Schmidt, P.E.
Clark Construction Group Kurt Dunmire, CSP, CHST
Cole-Preferred Safety Consulting, Inc. Barry Cole
Construction & Realty Safety Group, Inc. Ron Lattanzio
Frank Marino
CPWR - Center for Construction Research & Training Bruce Lippy, Ph.D., CIH, CSP
Babak Memarian
Edison Electric Institute Jonathan Kerns
Adam Frederick
Elevator Industry Work Preservation Fund Michael D. Morand
James Demmel
Ellis Fall Safety Solutions, LLC J. Nigel Ellis, Ph.D., P.E., CSP, CPE
John T. Whitty, P.E.
Engineering Systems, Inc. David Ahearn, P.E.
Edward J. Tuczak, P.E.
Fluor Corporation Michael Weatherred, CSP
Jim Bates, CSP
Gilbane Building Co. Robert Hinderliter, ASP
Thomas Trauger
Richard D. Hislop Richard Hislop
Shawn Bradfield
Independent Electrical Contractors, Inc. Paul Dolenc
Jerry Rivera
Innovative Safety, LLC Daniel M. Paine
Barbara Paine
Institute of Makers of Explosives Susan JP Flanagan
Ronald Thomas
International Association of Bridge, Structural,
Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers Steven Rank
International Association of Heat & Frost
Insulators & Allied Workers Tim Keane
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers Mark Garrett
Bridget Connors
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers David Mullen
Dan Gardner
International Brotherhood of Teamsters LaMont Byrd, CIH
Asher Tobin
International Safety Equipment Association Cristine Fargo
International Union of Bricklayers & Allied Craftworkers Michael Kassman, CHST
Gerard Scarano
International Union of Operating Engineers Christopher Treml
Barbara McCabe
Kiewit Power Constructors Co. Rusty Brown, CSP
Dave Hinz
Laborers’ International Union of North America Walter A. Jones, MS, CIH
Travis Parsons
Lamar Advertising Chuck Wigger, CSP
Beth Phelps
Lendlease Corporation Joel Pickering, CET, CHMM
Michael Lentz
Liberty Mutual Daniel P. Lavoie, CSP, ARM
Stan Williams, ARM, CHST
Marsh LLC Timothy Bergeron, CSP
Maryland Occupational Safety & Health Mischelle Vanreusel
Michael Daughaday
Mechanical Contractors Association of America Peter Chaney, MS, CSP
Dennis Langley
Miller & Long Concrete Construction Frank Trujillo
Alex Rodas, CHST
National Association of Home Builders Robert Matuga
Chelsea Vetick
National Association of Railroad Safety
Consultants & Investigators Lewis Barbe, P.E., CSP, CRSP
National Electrical Contractors Association Michael J. Johnston
Wesley Wheeler
National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health Thomas G. Bobick, Ph.D., P.E., CSP, CPE
G. Scott Earnest, Ph.D., P.E, CSP
National Railroad Construction &
Maintenance Association Jeffrey D. Meddin, CSP, CHEP, CHCM
National Roofing Contractors Association Harry Dietz
Tom Shanahan
National Society of Professional Engineers E. Ross Curtis, P.E., DFE, F.ASCE, F.NSPE
Paul Swanson, P.E.
NESTI, Inc. Michael Hayslip, P.E., CSP
Jack Madeley, P.E., CSP
Operative Plasterers and Cement Masons
International Association Deven Johnson
PATMI James A. Borchers
Craig Pratt
Phoenix Fabricators and Erectors, Inc. Luke Humphrey
Frank Massey
Power Consultants, Incorporated David Goldsmith
Professional Safety Consultants, Inc. Jim E. Lapping, MS, P.E., CSP
Kathryn Stieler
Safety Environmental Engineering, Inc. Matthew Murphy
Scaffold & Access Industry Association Ted Beville
DeAnna Martin
Shafer Safety Solutions, LLC Carmen Shafer, CSP, CHST
Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning Contractors’
National Association Mike McCullion, CSP, ARM
SMART Union Randall Krocka
Charles Austin, MS
SPA Incorporated Stanley Pulz, CSP, P.E.
Stock Enterprises Steve Stock, P.E., PLS
TAUC Wayne Creasap, II
Kathleen Dobson, CSP, CHST, STS.C
Turner Construction Company Cindy L. DePrater, ALCM
Abdon Friend, CSP
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Muhamed El-Zoghbi
Bonnie Rathbun, CIH, CET
U.S. Department of Energy Terry Meisinger
Maurice Haygood
United Association Cheryl Ambrose, CHST, OHST
Rich Benkowski
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and William Irwin
Joiners of America Dale Shoemaker
United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers &
Allied Workers Keith J. Vitkovich
West Virginia University Extension Service Brandon Takacs, CSHM
Mark Fullen, Ed.D., CSP
ZBD Constructors, Inc. Greg Thompson, CSP
Jeffrey D. Meddin, CSP, CHEP, CHCM
Independent Experts & Observers:
Alliance of Hazardous Materials Professionals Carl Heinlein, CSP, ARM, CRIS

J.A. Montgomery Risk Control Eric Voight
Ken Bogdan
Lockton Companies Jason Scollin, CSP, ASP, MS, STC-C
National Association of Tower Erectors John P. Jones
Kathryn Stieler
U.S. Department of Labor – OSHA Dean McKenzie
Scott Ketcham
Warfel Construction Company Jeffrey I. Pierce
Kevin Stoltzfus
Subgroup A10.13 had the following members:
Steven Rank (Chair)

Wayne Creasap, II (Vice Chair)
Daniel Paine (Liaison)
Barry Cole
Kathleen Dobson, CSP, CHST, STS.C
Robert George
Michael Hayslip, P.E., CSP
Mark Klimbal
Homer Peterson, II
Darlaine Taylor
Contents SECTION ............................................................................................................ PAGE
1. Scope, Purpose and Exceptions ..................................................................... 12

1.1 Scope..................................................................................................... 12
1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................. 12
1.3 Exceptions ............................................................................................. 12
2. Referenced and Related Standards ................................................................ 12
3. Definitions ........................................................................................................ 12
4. Job Planning .................................................................................................... 16

4.1 Survey of Work to Be Performed ........................................................... 16
4.2 Site-Specific Safety Plan ....................................................................... 17
4.3 Pre-Construction Meeting ...................................................................... 17
4.4 Commencement of Steel Erection ......................................................... 17
5. General ............................................................................................................ 17
5.1 Workers and Supervisors ...................................................................... 17
5.2 Communications .................................................................................... 17
6. Structures ........................................................................................................ 17
6.1 Buildings ................................................................................................ 17
6.2 Bridges .................................................................................................. 24
7. Dismantling ...................................................................................................... 24
8. Mill Work .......................................................................................................... 25
9. Hoisting, Welding and Cutting, Scaffolding and Safety Nets .......................... 27

9.1 Hoisting .................................................................................................. 27
9.2 Welding and Cutting .............................................................................. 27
9.3 Scaffolding ............................................................................................. 27
9.4 Safety Nets ............................................................................................ 27
10. Metal Deck and Temporary Flooring ............................................................... 27
11. Bolting, Riveting, Fitting-Up, Drilling, Reaming and Plumbing ........................ 28

11.1 General Safety Requirements ............................................................... 28
11.2 Air/Pneumatic Tools .............................................................................. 29
11.3 Bolting .................................................................................................... 29
11.4 Plumbing/Aligning of Steel .................................................................... 29
12. Connecting ...................................................................................................... 29
13. Ladders ........................................................................................................... 30
14. Material Handling and Yarding ........................................................................ 30

14.1 Unloading from Rail Cars ...................................................................... 30
14.2 Unloading from Trucks .......................................................................... 30
14.3 Rigging, Hoisting Equipment ................................................................. 31
14.4 Yarding (Unloaded and Temporarily Stored) ........................................ 32
15. Work on or Over Water ................................................................................... 32

16. Personal Protection ......................................................................................... 33
16.1 General Requirements .......................................................................... 33
16.2 Fall Protection ........................................................................................ 33
17. Training ........................................................................................................... 35

17.1 Training Personnel ................................................................................ 35
17.2 Fall Hazard Training .............................................................................. 35
17.3 Special Training Programs .................................................................... 35
Table A – Erection Bridging for Short Span Joists ................................................ 22

Table B – Erection Bridging for Long Span Joists ................................................. 23
Appendix A – Survey of Job Site ........................................................................... 36

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.13-2011 (R2017)
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.13

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL ERECTION
1. SCOPE, PURPOSE AND EXCEP- revision of all the American National

TIONS Standards.
1.1 Scope. This standard establishes 3. DEFINITIONS

safety requirements for erecting, handling,
fitting, fastening, reinforcing and dismantling 3.1 Anchored Bridging. The steel joist
of structural steel, plate steel, steel joist and bridging that is connected to a bridging
metal deck at a final in-place field site during terminus point.
construction, maintenance and dismantling
operations. 3.2 Bolted Diagonal Bridging.
Diagonal bridging which is bolted to a steel
1.2 Purpose. This standard is joist or joists.
designed to:
3.3 Bridging Clip. A device that is
1. Reduce the incidence of attached to the steel joist to allow the bolting
workplace fatalities, workers of the bridging to the steel joist.
injuries and property damage by
prescribing minimum safety 3.4 Choker. A wire rope or synthetic
requirements. fiber rigging assembly used to attach a load
to a hoisting device.
2. Provide direction to persons
concerned with, or responsible for, 3.5 Clipped Connection. The con-
its applications. nection material on the end of a structural
member intended for use in a double
3. Guide governments and other connection, which has a notch at the bottom
regulatory bodies in the devel- and/or top to allow the bolt(s) of the first
opment and promulgation of member placed on the opposite side of the
appropriate safety directives. central member to remain in place. The
notch(es) fits around the nut or bolt head of
1.3 Exceptions. In cases of practical the opposing member to allow the second
difficulties, unnecessary hardships or new member to be bolted up without removing the
developments, the enforcing authority may bolt(s) holding the first member.
grant exceptions to literal requirements of
this standard. These exceptions may permit 3.6 Cold-Formed Joist. An open web
use of other devices or methods, but only joist fabricated with cold-formed steel
when it is clearly indicated that equivalent components.
safety and permanent installation are
thereby secured. 3.7 Cold Forming. The process of
using press brakes, rolls or other methods to
2. REFERENCED AND RELATED shape steel into desired cross sections at
STANDARDS room temperature.
2.1 Referenced American National 3.8 Come-A-Long. A portable, hand-

Standards. This standard is intended to be operated device consisting of a housing, a
used in conjunction with the latest approved length of chain or wire rope, two hooks, and
12
a ratcheting lever that is used for overall responsibility for the projects, its
miscellaneous pulling. safety planning, quality, lifts over personnel
and/or over public property, and final
3.9 Competent Person. One who is completion.
capable of identifying existing and
predictable hazards in the surroundings or 3.16 Critical Lift. A lift that exceeds 75
working conditions which are unsanitary, percent of the rated capacity of the crane or
hazardous or dangerous to employees and derrick, at the given radius, or requires the
who has authorization to take prompt use of more than one crane or derrick.
corrective measures to eliminate them.
3.17 Deceleration Device. Any mech-
3.10 Composite Joists. Steel joists anism, which serves to dissipate energy
designed to act in composite action with during a fall.
concrete floor and/or concrete roof slabs.
Typically, a portion of the top chord of the 3.18 Decking Hole. A gap or void more
joist (or a lug or similar device attached to the than 2 inches (5.1cm) in its least dimension
top chord of the joist) is embedded in the and less than 12 inches (30.5cm) in its
concrete slab. greatest dimension in a floor, roof or other
walking/working surface. Pre-engineered
3.11 Connector. An employee who, holes in cellular decking are not included in
working with hoisting equipment, is placing this definition.
and connecting structural members and/or
components. 3.19 Double Connection. An attach-
ment method where the connection point is
3.12 Construction Load for Joist intended for two pieces of steel which share
Erection. Any load other than the weight of common bolts on either side of a central
the employee(s), the joists and the bridging piece.
bundle.
3.20 Driftpin. A pin that is tapered at
3.13 Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ). both ends and used to align holes.
An area in which certain work (e.g., initial
installation and placement of metal deck) 3.21 Erection Bridging. The bolted
may take place without the use of guardrail diagonal bridging that is required to be
systems, personal fall arrest systems or installed prior to releasing the hoisting cables
safety net systems, and where access to the from the steel joists.
zone is controlled.
3.22 Fall Protection. A set of fall
3.14 Controlled Load Lowering. protection components designed to be
Lowering a load by means of a mechanical assembled under the direction of a
hoist drum device that allows a hoisted load competent person to meet the ANSI/ASSE
to be lowered with maximum control using A10.32, Personal Fall Protection Used in
the gear train or hydraulic components of the Construction and Demolition Operations,
hoist mechanism. Controlled load lowering standard requirements.
requires the use of the hoist drive motor,
rather than the load hoist brake, to lower the 3.23 Fall Restraint (Positioning
load. Device) System. A body belt restraint or
body harness used to prevent an employee
3.15 Controlling Contractor. A prime from free-falling more than 24 inches (61cm)
contractor, general contractor, project and where self-rescue can be assured. It
manager or any other legal entity at the site consists of an anchorage, connectors, a
who has, by contract with other parties, the body belt or harness and may include a
13
lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline or body harness to a deceleration device,

suitable combination of these. lifeline or anchorage.
3.24 Falls. A hoisting system that may 3.32 Leading Edge. The unprotected
consist of one or more blocks and connecting side and edge of a floor, roof or formwork for
ropes. a floor or other walking/working surface
(such as deck) which changes location as
3.25 Fitting-Up. A process of aligning additional floor, roof, decking or formwork
and/or pulling together components prior to sections are placed, formed or constructed.
making the permanent connection.
3.33 Lifeline. A component consisting of
3.26 Girder Dog. An adjustable clamp a flexible line for connection to an anchorage
that is used to grip a girder around the top at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline),
flange for lifting. or for connection to anchorage at both ends
to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline) and
3.27 Girt (In Pre-Engineered Metal which serves as a means for connecting
Buildings). A Z- or C-shaped member other components of a personal fall arrest
formed from sheet steel spanning between system to the anchorage.
primary framing and supporting wall material.
3.34 Member. Support that is a
3.28 Headache Ball. A weighted hook constituent part of any structure member or
that is used to attach loads to the hoist load building.
line of the crane.
3.35 Metal Deck. A commercially
3.29 Hoisting Equipment. Commer- manufactured, structural grade, cold rolled
cially manufactured lifting equipment metal panel formed into a series of parallel
designed to lift and position a load of known ribs. For this standard, this includes metal
weight to an erection location at some known floor and roof decks, standing seam metal
elevation and horizontal distance from the roofs, other metal roof systems and other
equipment’s center of rotation. Hoisting products such as bar gratings, checker plate,
equipment includes, but is not limited to, expanded metal panels and similar products.
cranes, derricks, tower cranes, barge- After installation and proper fastening, these
mounted derricks or cranes, gin poles, lulls, decking materials serve a combination of
forklifts and gantry hoist systems. A come-a- functions including, but not limited to, a
long (a mechanical device, usually consisting structural element designed in combination
of a chain or cable attached at each end, that with the structure to resist, distribute and
is used to facilitate movement of materials transfer loads, stiffen the structure and
through leverage) is not considered hoisting provide a diaphragm action; a walking/
equipment. working surface; a form for concrete slabs; a
support for roofing systems; and a finished
3.30 Hole. An unprotected void or gap 2 floor or roof.
inches (5.1cm) or more in its least dimension
and less than 12 inches (30.5cm) in the 3.36 Mill Work. Work performed in
greatest dimension in a floor, roof or other operating industrial plants.
walkway/working surface through which
people, equipment or material may fall. 3.37 Multiple Lift Rigging. A rigging
assembly manufactured by wire rope rigging
3.31 Lanyard. A flexible line of rope, suppliers or assembled by a competent
wire rope or strap, which generally has a person that facilitates the attachment of up to
connector at each end for connecting the five independent loads to the hoist rigging of
a crane.
14
3.38 Opening. A void or gap 30 or more 3.45 Safety Deck Attachment. An initial
inches (76.2cm) high and 18 or more inches attachment that is used to secure an initially
(45.7cm) wide in a vertical surface such as a placed sheet of decking to keep proper
wall or partition through which people may alignment and bearing with structural support
fall. members.
3.39 Permanent Floor. A structurally 3.46 Seat. A structural attachment

completed floor at any level or elevation mounted to a structural member beneath a
(including slab on grade). connection point, designed to support an
incoming member that is to be connected to
3.40 Personal Fall Arrest System. A the first member.
system used to arrest an employee in a fall
from a working level. A personal fall arrest 3.47 Shear Connector. Headed steel
system consists of an anchorage, studs, steel bars, steel lugs and similar
connectors, body harness and may include a devices, which are attached to a structural
lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline or member for the purpose of achieving
suitable combination of these. composite action with concrete.
3.41 Pre-Engineered Metal Building. 3.48 Skip Box. A container to hold and
A field-assembled building system consisting transport material and equipment. Usually an
of framing, roof and wall coverings, and open top with rigging to maintain its levelness
generally made of steel. Typically, in a pre- when being hoisted.
engineered metal building, many of these
components are cold-formed shapes. These 3.49 Snug Tight. The full effort of a
individual parts are fabricated in one or more person using a spud wrench.
manufacturing facilities and shipped to the
job site for assembly into the final structure. 3.50 Softener. Material that is used to
Engineering design of the system is normally protect slings and equipment from damage.
the responsibility of the pre-engineered
metal building manufacturer. 3.51 Sorting Hooks. Hooks on rigging
(spreaders) that have long tapered ends so
3.42 Project Structural Engineer of as to fit into bolt holes for lifting material
Record. The registered, licensed profes- during a sorting operation. Usually there is no
sional responsible for the design of structural safety latch and therefore they are not used
steel framing and whose seal appears on the for hoisting.
structural contract documents.
3.52 Spud Wrench. An open-end
3.43 Purlin (in Pre-Engineered Metal wrench made of steel with a tapered handle
Buildings). A Z- or C-shaped member approximately 12 inches (30.5cm) long.
formed from sheet steel spanning between
primary framing and supporting roof material. 3.53 Steel Erection. The process of
installing, handling, fitting, fastening,
3.44 Qualified Person. One who, by reinforcing and dismantling structural steel,
possession of a recognized degree, steel plate, steel joists and metal deck at the
certificate or professional standing, or who final in-place field site during construction,
by extensive knowledge, training and maintenance and dismantling operations.
experience, has successfully demonstrated
the ability to solve or resolve problems 3.54 Steel Joist Girder. An open web,
relating to the subject matter, the work or the primary load-carrying member, designed by
project. the manufacturer, suitable for the support of
15
floors and roofs. This does not include d. illumination

structural steel trusses. e. fire protection and evac-
uation routes
3.55 Steel Joist. An open web, f. overhead protection, i.e.,
secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet items falling on workers
(43.9m) or less suitable for the support of below
floors and roofs. This does not include g. scaffolding and aerial lifts
structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists. h. crane suspended work
platforms
3.56 Steel Truss. An open web member i. personal protective equip-
designed of structural steel components by ment
the project structural engineer of record. For j. hoisting equipment (ANSI
the purposes of this standard, a steel truss is B30.5, Mobile and Loco-
considered equivalent to a solid web motive Cranes)
structural member. k. rigging apparatus
l. assembly or disassembly
3.57 Tag Line. A line that is used to m. public safety (ANSI/ASSE
control a load. A10.34)
3.58 Tier Building. A multiple-story 2. Vehicles. The following items

building. shall be considered in the survey:
3.59 Unprotected Sides and Edges. a. roads

Any side or edge (except at entrances to b. turn space
points of access) of a walking/working c. parking space
surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp or runway, d. mud areas
where there is no wall or guardrail system at e. ramps
least 39 inches (1.0m) high. f. signs and signals to route
vehicles on the job site
3.60 Working Floor. An elevated floor g. provision for maintenance
of a building or structure that has been and repair of vehicles
designated to receive hoisted pieces of steel h. provisions for safe con-
or fasteners prior to final placement of same. duct of pedestrian and
vehicular traffic at
4. JOB PLANNING entrances and exits to
public thoroughfares
4.1 Survey of Work to Be Per- i. crane access and set up
formed. Prior to the start of work, the steel
erector shall make a survey of the work to be 3. Existing Utilities, Structures
done. and Services. The following items
shall be considered in the survey:
4.1.1 Safe Access and Movement.
a. underground structures
1. Workers. The following items such as, vaults, pipelines,
shall be considered in the survey: sewer lines and electrical
lines
a. work area b. overhead electrical lines
b. walkways, runways and and pipelines and the
passageways clearance required
c. ladders, stairways and c. surface utilities particu-
elevators larly overhead crane
16
electrical conductors, ser- bolts were approved by the

vice feeders, gas and structural engineer of record.
other pipelines
5. GENERAL
4. Other Site Conditions. The
following items shall be considered 5.1 Workers and Supervisors.
in the survey: Arrangements shall be provided for the
following:
a. lay-down area for struc-
tural steel 1. Safety and health training in
b. storage area for: the recognition and avoidance of
- tools and equipment hazards. The safety plan shall be
- consumables communicated to all workers and
- fasteners supervisors.
- fuel and combustibles
- paint or other coatings. 2. Stimulating and maintaining
- trash storage prior to interest in safety through:
removal
a. Recognition for groups or
4.2 Site-Specific Safety Plan. After a individuals with excellent
thorough survey is performed, a plan shall be safety performance.
developed to protect the employees. The b. Investigation and report-
plan shall also be developed to protect ing of incidents and near
others where applicable. The plan shall misses.
include appropriate action/instruction for all c. Promotion of knowledge
application of the material outlined in Section of safety rules and regu-
4.1. lations.
d. Regularly scheduled safe-
4.3 Pre-Construction Meeting. A pre- ty meetings.
construction meeting shall be held between e. Specific safety instruc-
the controlling contractor and the erector tions for new employees
before the erection begins. The purpose of prior to job or work assign-
the conference is to review the erection plan ment.
and site conditions and the safe operation of
the project. 3. Necessary temporary build-
ings, change houses, sanitary
4.4 Commencement of Steel Erec- facilities and drinking water.
tion. The controlling contractor shall ensure
that the steel contractor is provided the 4. Adequate emergency treat-
following before the commencement of steel ment of injured or ill employees.
erection: Qualified and trained first-aid
personnel shall be available on site
1. Concrete in the footings, piers or in the near vicinity.
and walls and the mortar in the
masonry piers and wall have 5.2 Communications. The controlling
attained at least 75% of the contractor shall coordinate the activities of all
attended minimum compression entities connected with the project.
design strength.
6. STRUCTURES
2. Any repairs, replacements
and modifications to the anchor 6.1 Buildings.
17
pounds per square foot (488.2kg per square

6.1.1 Permanent floors shall be installed meter).
as soon as possible as the erection of
structural steel members progresses. The 6.1.7 Stairways with steel treads, pan
sequence of erection, bolting, temporary type stairs and landings without permanent
guying, riveting and welding shall be such as surfaces, or both, shall be provided with
to maintain the stability of the structural adequate wooden treads, grating and
frame at all times during the construction. landings fitted securely in place to eliminate
Consideration shall be given to the dead tripping hazards. Stairways that are not safe
weight of the structure, the weight and or ready for pedestrian traffic shall be
working reactions of all construction equip- barricaded to prevent usage.
ment placed thereon and all external forces
that may be applied. 6.1.8 Every stairway shall be provided
with handrails on both sides of a height not
6.1.2 The floor shall be planked or less than 30 inches (76.2cm) or more than 34
decked or netted as outlined in Section 10. inches (86.4cm), measured vertically from
the nose of the tread to the top of the rail.
6.1.3 Where planking or safety nets
would interfere with the erection of a 6.1.9 All structural steel framing shall
structure, the use of safety harnesses with have its structural integrity protected
lanyards or other fall arrest systems shall be promptly upon erection by bracing adequate
accepted as alternative protection. to resist horizontal forces such as wind and
reaction by erection equipment.
6.1.4 In elevator shafts, a tight platform of
planks or other barrier as outlined in Section 6.1.10 No load-bearing structural member
10 shall be installed not more than two shall be materially weakened by cutting,
stories or 30 feet (9.1m), whichever is less, drilling, holing or other means except with the
below the level at which people are working. approval of the project structural engineer or
a qualified person.
6.1.5 During the construction of a multi-
tiered building, there shall be at least two 6.1.11 Open-web steel joists in steel
stairways or a personnel hoist complying framing, where steel joists or steel joist
with the requirements of ANSI/ASSE A10.4, girders are utilized and columns are not
Safety Requirements for Personnel Hoists framed in at least two directions with solid
and Employee Elevators for Construction web structural steel members, the steel joist
and Demolition Operations, installed to or steel joist girder shall be field-bolted at or
within four floors or 60 feet (18.3m), near columns during erection.
whichever is less, of the uppermost working
floor. Stairways shall not be located adjacent A. Where steel joists at or near
to each other, but shall be no more than 150 columns span 60 feet (18.3m) or
feet (45.7m) apart. A stairway may consist of less, the joist shall be designed with
steel scaffold with stairs. sufficient strength to allow one
employee to release the hoisting
6.1.6 Temporary stairways shall have cable without the need for erection
treads constructed of wood planks not less bridging.
than 2 x 10 inches (5.1cm x 25.4cm) in size,
or of metal, not less than 10 inches (25.4cm) B. Where steel joists at columns
in width, of equivalent strength. Such span more than 60 feet (18.3m),
temporary stairways shall not be less than the joists shall be set in tandem
3 feet (.9m) in width, rigidly braced and of with all bridging installed unless an
sufficient strength to support a load of 100 alternative method of erection,
18
which provides equivalent stability made without the approval of the

to the steel joist, is designed by a project structural engineer of
qualified person and is included in record.
the site-specific erection plan.
6.1.11.1 Attachments of steel joists and
C. Where the design permits, a steel joist girders:
stabilizer plate shall be provided on
each column for steel joists and A. Each end of K-series steel
steel joist girders and shall extend joists shall be attached to the
at least 3 inches (76mm) below the support structure with a minimum of
bottom chord of the joist with a two 1/8-inch (3mm) fillet welds
13/16-inch (21mm) hole to provide 1-inch (25mm) long or with 1/2-inch
an attachment point for guying or (13mm) bolts or the equivalent.
plumbing cables.
B. Each end of LH- and DLH-
D. Bottom chords of steel joist series steel joists and steel joist
girders and steel joists required by girders shall be attached to the
paragraph A of this section shall be support structure with a minimum of
stabilized to prevent rotation during two 1/4-inch (6mm) fillet welds
erection. 2 inches (51mm) long, or with two
3/4-inch (19mm) bolts or the
E. A steel joist shall not be equivalent.
placed on any support structure
unless such structure is stabilized. C. Except as provided in para-
graph D of this section, each steel
F. When steel joist(s) are landed joist shall be attached to the
on a structure, they shall be support structure, at least at one
secured to prevent unintentional end, immediately upon placement
displacement prior to installation. in the final erection position and
before additional joists are placed.
G. Except for steel joists that
have been pre-assembled into D. Steel joists that have been
panels, connections of individual pre-assembled into panels through
steel joists to steel structures in the installation of bridging shall be
bays of 40 feet (12.2m) or more attached to the structure at each
shall be fabricated to allow for field corner before the hoisting cables
bolting during erection. are released.
H. A bridging terminus point 6.1.11.2 Erection of steel joists.

shall be established before bridging
is installed. A. One end of each steel joist
shall be attached to the support
I. Steel joists and steel joist structure before an employee is
girders shall not be used as allowed on the steel joist.
anchorage points for a fall arrest
system unless written direction to B. On steel joist that span 40
do so is obtained from a qualified feet (12.2m) or less, and that do not
person. require erection bridging per Tables
A and B, only one employee is
J. No modification that affects allowed on the steel joist until all
the strength of a steel joist shall be bridging is installed and anchored.
19
on these spans until all

C. Employees shall not be other bridging is installed
allowed on steel joist that span and anchored.
more than 40 feet (12.2m) except in
accordance with 6.1.11.3. C. Where the span of the steel
joist is over 100 feet (30.5m)
D. When permanent bridging through 144 feet (43.9m), the
terminus points cannot be used following shall apply:
during erection, additional tem-
porary bridging terminus points are i. All rows of bridging shall
required to provide stability. be bolted diagonal bridg-
ing;
6.1.11.3 Erection bridging. ii. Hoisting cables shall not
be released until all
A. Where the span of the steel bridging is installed; and
joist is equal to or greater than the iii. No more than two em-
span shown in Tables A and B or in ployees shall be allowed
bays of 40 feet (12.2m) through 60 on these spans until all
feet (18.3m), the following then bridging is installed.
apply:
6.1.11.4 For steel members spanning over
i. The row of erection bridg- 144 feet (43.9m), the erection methods used
ing nearest the mid-span shall be in accordance with a plan developed
of the steel joist shall be by a qualified person.
bolted diagonal bridging;
ii. Hoisting cables shall not 6.1.11.5 Where any steel joist specified in
be released until this Section 6.1.11.2 and Section 6.1.11.3 A, B
bolted diagonal erection and C is a bottom chord-bearing joist, a row
bridging is installed; and of bolted diagonal bridging shall be provided
iii. No more than one em- near the support(s). This bridging shall be
ployee shall be allowed on installed before the hoisting cable(s) is
these spans until all other released.
bridging is installed and
anchored. 6.1.11.6 When bolted diagonal erection
bridging is required by this section, the
B. Where the span of the steel following shall apply:
joist is over 60 feet (18.3m) through
100 feet (30.5m), the following shall A. The bridging shall be indi-
apply: cated on the erection drawing.
i. The two rows of erection B. The erection drawing shall be

bridging nearest the third the exclusive indicator of the proper
points of the steel joist placement of this bridging.
shall be bolted diagonal
bridging; C. Shop-installed bridging clips,
ii. Hoisting cables shall not or functional equivalents, shall be
be released until this provided where the bridging bolts to
bolted diagonal erection the steel joist.
bridging is installed; and
iii. No more than two em- D. When two pieces of bridging
ployees shall be allowed are attached to the steel joist by a
20
common bolt, the nut that secures ii. The bundle of decking is
the first piece of bridging shall not placed on a minimum of
be removed from the bolt for the three steel joists;
attachment of the second. iii. The joists supporting the
bundle of decking are
E. Bridging attachments shall attached at both ends;
not protrude above the top chord of iv. At least one row of
the steel joist. bridging is installed and
anchored;
6.1.11.7 Landing and placing loads. v. The total weight of the
decking does not exceed
A. During the construction peri- 4,000 pounds (1,814kg);
od, the employer placing a load on and
steel joists shall ensure that the vi. The edge of the bundle of
load is distributed so as not to decking is placed within
exceed the carrying capacity of any 1 foot (30.5cm) of the
steel joist. bearing surface of the joist
end.
B. Except for paragraph D of this
section, no construction loads are E. The edge of the construction
allowed on the steel joists until all load shall be placed within 1 foot
bridging is installed and anchored (30.5cm) of the bearing surface of
and all joist-bearing ends are the joist end.
attached.
C. The weight of a bundle of joist

bridging shall not exceed a total of
1,000 pounds (454kg). A bundle of
joist bridging shall be placed on a
minimum of three steel joists that
are secured at one end. The edge
of the bridging bundle shall be
positioned within 1 foot (30.5cm) of
the secured end.
D. No bundle of decking may be

placed on steel joists until all
bridging has been installed and
anchored and all joist bearing ends
attached, unless all of the following
conditions are met:
i. The employer has first

determined from a quali-
fied person and docu-
mented in a site-specific
erection plan that the
structure or portion of the
structure is capable of
supporting the load;
21
TABLE A – ERECTION BRIDGING FOR Joist Span

SHORT SPAN JOISTS 28K6………….…... 40-0
28K7………….…... 43-0
Joist Span 28K8………….…... 44-0
8L1……………….. NM 28K9………….…... 45-0
10K1……………… NM 28K10………….…. 49-0
12K1……………… 23-0 28K12………….…. 53-0
12K3……………… NM 30K7………….…... 44-0
12K5……………… NM 30K8………….…... 45-0
14K1……………… 27-0 30K9………….…... 45-0
14K3……………… NM 30K10………….…. 50-0
14K4……………… NM 30K11………….…. 52-0
14K6……………… NM 30K12………….…. 54-0
16K2……………… 29-0 10KCS1..…………. NM
16K3……………… 30-0 10KCS2..…………. NM
16K4……………… 32-0 10KCS3..…………. NM
16K5……………… 32-0 12KCS1..…………. NM
16K6……………… NM 12KCS2…………... NM
16K7……………… NM 12KCS3…………... NM
16K9……………… NM 14KCS1…………... NM
18K3……………… 31-0 14KCS2…………... NM
18K4……………… 32-0 14KCS3…………... NM
18K5……………… 33-0 16KCS2…………... NM
18K6……………… 35-0 16KCS3…………... NM
18K7……………… NM 16KCS4…………... NM
18K9……………… NM 16KCS5…………... NM
18K10…………….. NM 18KCS2…………... 35-0
20K3……………… 32-0 18KCS3…………... NM
20K4……………… 34-0 18KCS4…………... NM
20K5……………… 34-0 18KCS5…………... NM
20K6……………… 36-0 20KCS2…………... 36-0
20K7……………… 39-0 20KCS3…………... 39-0
20K9……………… 39-0 20KCS4…………... NM
20K10…………….. NM 20KCS5…………... NM
22K4……………… 34-0 22KCS2…………... 36-0
22K5……………… 35-0 22KCS3…………... 40-0
22K6……………… 36-0 22KCS4…………... NM-0
22K7……………… 40-0 22KCS5…………... NM-0
22K9……………… 40-0 24KCS2…………... 39-0
22K10…………….. 40-0 24KCS3…………... 44-0
22K11…………….. 40-0 24KCS4…………... NM-0
24K4……………… 36-0 24KCS5…………... NM-0
24K5……………… 38-0 26KCS2…………... 39-0
24K6……………… 39-0 26KCS3…………... 40-0
24K7……………… 43-0 26KCS4…………... 40-0
24K8……………… 43-0 26KCS5…………... 40-0
24K9……………… 44-0 28KCS2…………... 40-0
24K10…………….. NM-0 28KCS3…………... 45-0
24K12…………….. NM-0 28KCS4…………... 53-0
26K5……………… 38-0 28KCS5…………... 53-0
26K6……………… 39-0 30KCS3…………... 45-0
26K7……………… 43-0 30KCS4…………... 54-0
26K8……………… 44-0 30KCS5…………... 54-0
26K9…………….... 45-0
26K10…………….. 49-0 NM = diagonal bolted bridging not mandatory for
26K12…………….. NM-0 joists under 40 feet.
22
TABLE B – ERECTION BRIDGING FOR LONG SPAN JOISTS
Joist Span
18LH02………………………………………………………………………………… 33-0
18LH03………………………………………………………………………………… NM
18LH04………………………………………………………………………………… NM
18LH05………………………………………………………………………………… NM
18LH06………………………………………………………………………………… NM
18LH07………………………………………………………………………………… NM
18LH08………………………………………………………………………………… NM
18LH09………………………………………………………………………………… NM
20LH02………………………………………………………………………………… 33-0
20LH03………………………………………………………………………………… 38-0
20LH04………………………………………………………………………………… NM
20LH05………………………………………………………………………………… NM
20LH06………………………………………………………………………………… NM
20LH07………………………………………………………………………………… NM
20LH08………………………………………………………………………………… NM
20LH09………………………………………………………………………………… NM
20LH10………………………………………………………………………………… NM
24LH03………………………………………………………………………………… 35-0
24LH04………………………………………………………………………………… 39-0
24LH05………………………………………………………………………………… 40-0
24LH06………………………………………………………………………………… 45-0
24LH07………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
24LH08………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
24LH09………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
24LH10………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
24LH11………………………………………………………………………………… MN-0
28LH05………………………………………………………………………………… 42-0
28LH06………………………………………………………………………………… 46-0
28LH07………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
28LH08………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
28LH09………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
28LH10………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
28HL11………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
28LH12………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
28LH13………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0
32LH06………………………………………………………………………………… 47-0 through 60-0
32LH07………………………………………………………………………………… 47-0 through 60-0
32LH08………………………………………………………………………………… 55-0 through 60-0
32LH09………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
32LH10………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
32LH11………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
32LH12………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
32LH13………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
32LH14………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
32LH15………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
36LH07………………………………………………………………………………… 47-0 through 60-0
36LH08………………………………………………………………………………… 57-0 through 60-0
36LH09………………………………………………………………………………… 57-0 through 60-0
36LH10………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
36LH11………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
36LH12………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
36LH13………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
36LH14………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
36LH15………………………………………………………………………………… NM-0 through 60-0
NM = Diagonal bolted bridging not mandatory for joists under 40 feet.
23
6.2 Bridges. supervisory personnel in attendance. The

individual in charge of the job shall make
6.2.1 Safety harnesses with a fall arrest certain the supervisors thoroughly under-
system should be provided to and used by stand the briefing on the sequence and
persons employed at elevations greater than procedure of dismantling operations, with
6 feet (1.8m) (but shall be no greater than particular reference to bracing or struts, or
state law requires) above land or water both, that must be left in place in order to
during bridge construction. Scaffolds, plat- maintain the stability of the structure.
forms or safety nets may be provided as an
alternative to safety harnesses and fall arrest 7.3 The different phases of work shall
system. be coordinated so that one phase does not
create a hazard for another.
6.2.2 The lateral stability of long limber
beams or girders, especially when of 7.4 When more than one supervisor is
composite design, shall be determined assigned to a dismantling project, one
before lifting the members. Where required, supervisor shall be designated as being in
stiffener trusses or other means shall be charge of that project. Communications shall
used to make the beams or girders laterally be established between these supervisors.
stable for lifting.
7.5 Steel shall not be hooked onto or
6.2.3 A girder or truss shall be secured removed until authorization is given by a
and braced before it is released from the competent person.
lifting rigging.
7.6 All loose material shall be removed
6.2.4 Trusses and beams shall be braced from a member before hooking onto it.
laterally and progressively during construc-
tion to prevent buckling or overturning. The 7.7 The weight of a member or
first member shall be positively braced or members shall be known or properly
guyed against shifting before succeeding estimated before hooking onto them. The
members are erected and secured to it. The crane or hoist capacity chart shall be
total system shall be adequately braced and reviewed for each different lift.
stabilized by anchoring to the foundation, to
suitable anchors buried in the ground, or by 7.8 A shackle or safety hook shall be
equivalent methods. used for handling loads; an open hook shall
not be used for this purpose.
6.2.5 Girders, trusses and beams shall
be controlled by at least one tag line during 7.9 The crane or hoist capacity chart
hoisting whenever control is necessary shall be reviewed for each different lift. The
unless the tagline creates a greater hazard. crane or hoist shall not be used to pull a
piece apart or free from its anchorage. Once
7. DISMANTLING the piece is supported by a hoist, it shall be
fully released (cut free) by other persons.
7.1 Dismantling shall be planned with a
definite sequence, calculated weights of 7.10 Care shall be taken when tying off
individual members to be removed, and a scaffold lines to old steel, since old steel may
communication system set up with the develop saw-tooth edges that must be
project design engineer for taking care of avoided. A scaffold shall not be tied off to a
unplanned conditions that may develop. member that is being removed or is unstable.
7.2 Prior to the start of the job, a 7.11 An enclosure or pipeline that has
briefing session shall be conducted with all contained a flammable and combustible gas
24
or liquid shall not be welded or cut until the

interior has been thoroughly purged and the 7.17 When members are cut prior to
operation has been approved by a dismantling, the stability of the structure shall
competent person. be maintained until the members are
removed.
7.12 Ventilation shall be provided where
required when welding or oxygen cutting is 7.18 When detail gangs precede the
performed. Safety practices as outlined in dismantling gangs to prepare the structure
the applicable ANSI standards shall be so that it can be taken down easily, they shall
followed. make certain enough bolts are left in
connection to support the structure plus all
7.13 When a residue still remains after expected loads. At least two snug bolts shall
an enclosed vessel has been purged, the be left in each connection so that the
cutting area shall be cleaned; fire protection member cannot roll.
shall be provided; and the residue shall be
wetted down just before cutting. If there is 7.19 A tag line shall be placed on each
any lapse of time between wetting and end of a member to keep it from swinging
cutting, the residue shall be wetted again. during dismantling. Employees shall be
Proper procedures shall be developed prior trained not to depend entirely on tag lines.
to entering any closed vessel or confined Good judgment shall be used in locating the
space to avoid the hazards of flammable, center of gravity of the member where the
combustible or toxic gases or oxygen crane or hoist hook shall be placed.
deficiency.
7.20 When a temporary structure is
7.14 When cutting, the area below shall erected, the center of gravity of the members
be checked for flammable and combustible shall be marked so that later dismantling will
material. Precautions shall be taken as be easier.
outlined in the applicable ANSI standards.
7.21 A competent person shall ensure
7.15 Employees performing the cutting no one is working immediately underneath a
shall be trained to make a visual check of dismantling project and that employees are
every cut they make to be sure they have cut kept out of the hazardous areas below the
all the way through a member. This will dismantling project by barricades or other
eliminate the possibility of pulling down the equivalent protection.
structure or damaging the hoisting
equipment when removing the member that 7.22 During dismantling, adequate
has been cut. strength lines shall be secured to structural
members under stress to prevent them from
7.16 Rivets shall not be completely cut swinging when cut loose. The lines shall be
out of a connection until enough temporary snubbed off to adjacent members if there is
bolts to support the weight of the member are danger of employees being hit.
in place and snug tight.
8. MILL WORK
7.16.1 When rivet heads are being backed
out or knocked off, means shall be provided 8.1 Steel erection work during mill or
to control them. plant operations is especially hazardous
since there is usually a congestion of
7.16.2 A safety wire to retain the snap employees and materials from other
shall be properly installed on the snap and on contractors as well as plant personnel. Prior
the handle of an air hammer, and shall be to the start of any erection or repair job, a
used at all times. conference shall be held between the steel
25
erector and the plant supervisory personnel wires than the established limits. All electrical
to formulate safe job procedures and to wire shall be assumed to be hot until proven
assign duties and responsibilities. to be otherwise.
8.2 The department and individuals 8.9 Electrical wires shall not be cut or
who will act as coordinators for the plant work removed by the steel erector. Such work
shall be identified to the steel erector. shall be performed by the maintenance or
electrical department of the mill or plant.
8.3 The operating plant supervisory Outside electrical contractors may perform
personnel who will have the responsibility for this work under the guidance of the mill or
authorizing the various phases of the work to plant electrical department.
be performed by the steel erector shall be
identified and shall be readily available. 8.10 When working near hot rails where
the conductors cannot be de-energized,
8.4 The work area shall be clearly employees shall be protected by adequate
defined, and the location and identification of insulation on the energized items. It is
gas lines, oxygen lines, electrical wires, hot recommended that the conductors be de-
rails and all hazardous material shall be fully energized; that switches be locked with
identified and made known by the plant authorized locks; and that keys be retained
operator to the steel erector. in the possession of the supervisor in charge
(see ANSI/ASSE A10.44, Control of Energy
8.5 The responsibility for site prep- Sources (Lockout/Tagout) for Construction
aration, such as closing passageways; and Demolitions Operations).
cleaning grease or other foreign material
from a crane runway; de-energizing all 8.11 When working around operating
electrical lines; emptying, purging and crane runways, the warning signals shall be
blanking of all pipelines; shall be coordinated placed in conspicuous locations and obeyed.
by the plant operator and the steel erector Employees shall not step onto an operating
before steel erection or dismantling starts. crane runway until the supervisor in charge
of operation is notified and has authorized a
8.6 All existing mill and plant safety safe work area.
regulations shall be observed. Areas that are
restricted to all persons except operating 8.12 When work is being done on crane
personnel shall not be entered without runways under operating conditions, rail
permission from the operating mill or plant stops and flags shall be placed between
personnel supervisor. employees and the operating crane.
8.7 The steel erector supervisor in 8.13 Unsecured sections of crane rail or
charge shall be responsible for obtaining other loose material shall not be allowed to
proper authorization from mill or plant super- remain on cranes or on crane runway
visory personnel for all phases of the work girders.
and shall not delegate this responsibility to
any other crewmember. 8.14 When work is being done on crane
runways, flasher lights are recommended to
8.8 Every effort shall be made to de- clearly define the work area and to warn the
energizing electrical wiring. The mill or plant crane operator.
supervisory personnel shall determine the
voltage of electrical wires near the work area 8.15 When work is being done in an area
and shall set the clearance limits necessary where welding or oxygen cutting may cause
for safety. Employees shall be trained not to a fire, extinguishers with the proper class
allow equipment or materials closer to the shall be provided and a fire watch shall be
26
maintained. Proper authorization for such

welding or oxygen cutting shall be obtained 9.2.1 Welding and cutting shall not be
from mill or plant supervisory personnel. performed near flammable materials until
potential ignition sources are isolated from
8.16 When work is being done in an the materials and a spark or weld slag could
active production area, the work area shall not cause ignition.
be roped off, barricaded or otherwise clearly
defined and warning signs shall be posted. 9.3 Scaffolding. Scaffolding shall be
constructed and used in accordance with
8.17 Supervisor approval is required ANSI/ASSE A10.8, Safety Requirements for
before entry to areas in which there are Scaffolding.
explosives, poisonous gas or chemicals. No
work shall be performed in such areas until a 9.4 Safety Nets. Safety nets shall be
procedure has been developed to protect the manufactured and used in accordance with
employees, and all impacted employees are ANSI/ASSE A10.11, Safety Requirements
trained in those procedures. Authorization for Personnel Nets.
from the responsible supervisor of the
operating plant shall be required. 10. METAL DECK AND TEMPORARY
FLOORING
8.18 A gas line shall never be cut or
removed except on specific instructions from 10.1 The working floor of every multi-
the supervisor in charge. story building or structure shall be solidly
planked or decked over its entire surface
8.19 In the event of a gas leak or except for access openings.
explosion, the area shall be evacuated
immediately. Rescue work shall be left to 10.2 The following additional require-
personnel who are trained and equipped for ments shall apply for multi-story structures:
emergency rescue.
10.2.1 The permanent floors shall be
8.20 A meeting shall be held by the installed as the erection of structural
supervisor at the work area to ensure members progresses. There shall be not
employees in the crew are familiar with the more than eight stories between the erection
work to be performed and the employees are floor and the uppermost permanent floor,
trained in the procedures required for a safe except where the structural integrity is
job. Pre-job safety planning is essential. maintained as a result of the design.
9. HOISTING, WELDING AND CUT- 10.2.2 At no time shall there be more than
TING SCAFFOLDING AND SAFETY NETS four floors or 48 feet (14.6m), whichever is
less, of unfinished bolting or welding above
9.1 Hoisting. Cranes, derricks and the foundation or uppermost permanently
hoists shall be constructed, installed, tested, secured floor, except where the structural
inspected, maintained and operated in integrity is maintained as a result of the
accordance with the latest approved design.
applicable ANSI Standards, which includes
ANSI/ASME B30.5, Mobile and Locomotive 10.2.3 A fully planked or decked floor or
Cranes. nets shall be maintained within two floors or
30 feet (9.1m), whichever is less, directly
9.2 Welding and Cutting. Welding under any erection work being performed.
and cutting shall be performed in accordance
with ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting 10.2.4 The metal deck shall be placed
and Allied Processes. tight and secured to prevent movement by
27
wind as required, but no more than a 10.6 Wire mesh, or exterior-grade

maximum of 3,000 square feet (280m2) are plywood or equivalent in strength, shall be
placed. The deck shall be finally secured used around columns where planks do not fit
soon after, but no more than 90,000 square within 12 inches (30.5cm) in either direction.
feet (8,361 m2) are placed.
10.7 All temporary flooring shall be
10.3 A perimeter safety cable of 1/2-inch secured to prevent displacement by wind or
(12.7mm) wire rope or the equivalent shall be other forces.
installed around the periphery of all
temporary planked or metal-decked floors. 10.8 All temporary or permanent floor
openings shall be completely planked over or
10.3.1 The perimeter safety cable shall be barricaded until such time as they are used.
attached to all perimeter columns and kept
42 inches +/- 3 inches (106.7cm +/- 7.6cm) 10.9 Employees required to work within
from the floor by the use of a turnbuckle or 6 feet (1.8m) adjacent to any unguarded floor
other means. The safety cable shall be left in opening shall be protected by wearing safety
place until it is replaced by walls, standard harnesses with lanyards secured to a lifeline
guardrails or other means of protection or or other substantial anchorage or by other
until the working floor is removed. The cable equivalent fall protection systems.
is to be designed to resist 200 pounds (91kg)
in any direction. 10.10 Floor planks or other coverings that
are temporarily removed to perform work
10.3.2 If the perimeter safety cable is to be shall be replaced as soon as possible.
used as a lifeline, then it shall meet the
performance requirements of a horizontal 10.11 Decking holes and openings shall
lifeline. not be cut until it becomes essential to the
construction process, and openings shall be
10.4 Wood planking used for temporary immediately protected.
flooring shall be of proper thickness to carry
the intended load with a minimum working 11. BOLTING, RIVETING, FITTING-
load of 50 pounds per square foot (244.1kg UP, DRILLING, REAMING AND PLUMB-
per m2). The wood planking shall be a ING
minimum of 2 inches thick (50.8mm), full
size, undressed, or the equivalent of 11.1 General Safety Requirements.
laminated boards, or other material.
11.1.1 Eye protection meeting the current
10.4.1 Planking shall be laid tightly and version of the ANSI Z87.1, Occupational and
shall be secured to prevent movement. Educational Personal Eye and Face
Protection Devices, shall be provided for,
10.4.2 Transfer of floor planks from one and worn by, workers who are exposed to
floor to another shall be limited to bundles of falling or flying particles or other hazardous
not more than two planks wide and 15 planks substances.
high. The bundles shall be choked when
hoisted with a sling (or slings). 11.1.2 Approved containers suitable for
the intended use shall be provided for storing
10.5 When metal decking or grating is and carrying rivets, bolts and drift pins. The
used for a work floor instead of planks, it shall containers, which are not in use while aloft,
be of equivalent strength; it shall be laid shall be secured against accidental
tightly; and it shall be secured to prevent displacement.
movement.
28
11.2 Air/Pneumatic Tools. erector supervisor or the supervisor’s author-

ized representative.
11.2.1 Before repairing or adjusting
pneumatic hand tools, pressure in air lines 11.4.5 A communications system shall be
shall be relieved, and the tool shall be established between members of the
disconnected from the air lines. plumbing crews before starting to plumb a
structure.
11.2.2 Air line and hose sections shall be
tied together with an approved retainer, 12. CONNECTING
except when automatic cutoff couplers are
used to join the sections. 12.1 When connectors are working
together, only one person shall give signals.
11.2.3 Air lines located on roadways shall That person shall make sure the partner, or
be protected from vehicle wheels. others working on the job, are in the clear.
Each employee shall select a location to
11.2.4 Air lines and hoses shall not be avoid being struck by a swinging load.
used for hoisting or lowering tools.
12.2 Whenever possible, the connectors
11.3 Bolting. shall straddle the beam instead of walking
along the top flange.
11.3.1 When bolts or drift pins are
knocked out, they shall be retained or 12.3 During the final placing of solid web
otherwise kept from falling. structural members, the load shall not be
released from the hoisting line until the
11.3.2 Bolts, nuts, washers and pins shall members are secured with no less than two
not be thrown, dropped or tossed. It is bolts, unless more bolts are specified by a
recommended that a bolt-basket or other competent person or the engineer (or
suitable container be raised or lowered by equivalent), at each connection to keep
using a hand line or hoist. members from rolling and to sustain
anticipated loads. Bolts shall be drawn up
11.3.3 Impact wrenches shall be provided snug tight.
with a locking device for retaining the socket.
12.3.1 Diagonal bracing may be secured
11.4 Plumbing/Aligning of Steel. by a properly tightened single bolt or its
equivalent as determined by the project’s
11.4.1 Hooks or lashing used for plumbing structural engineer.
shall be securely attached before stressing
the turnbuckle or come-a-long. 12.4 Double Connections. When two
structural members on opposite sides of a
11.4.2 When a turnbuckle is under stress column web or a beam web over a column
during plumbing, a device shall be used to share common connection holes, a minimum
keep the turnbuckle from unwinding while of one bolt with its snug tight nut may not be
under load. loosened or removed for the connection of
the second member unless an attached seat
11.4.3 Plumbing guys shall be placed so or similar device is present to secure the first
that workers have safe access at the member so that the column is always
connection points. secured against displacement. When seats
are provided, the connection between the
11.4.4 Plumbing guys shall not be seat and the structural member that it
removed without permission from the steel supports shall be attached together before
29
the nuts are removed for the double

connection. 14.1.1 Rail cars shall be moved only when
there are controlled means for starting and
12.5 A structural member shall never be stopping. Prior to car movement, the
released until the required minimum of bolts immediate area shall be checked for
have been installed. A wrench or drift pin in clearance.
the hole shall not be used as a substitute for
the bolts. 14.1.2 When cars are parked on a grade,
the wheels shall be chocked, and the brakes
12.6 If connecting lugs are bent, they shall be set.
shall be straightened before hoisting the
member. 14.1.3 Stops shall be installed on all open
rail ends.
12.7 When columns are being set on
base plate or shims, and before lifting falls 14.1.4 Cars placed at desired locations
are unhitched, either the nuts on the anchor shall not block active crossings and
bolts shall be drawn down tight or temporary roadways unless other access routes are
guys shall be affixed. available.
12.7.1 If shims are used, they are to be set 14.1.5 Flags or lights and rail blocks shall
solidly on a flat surface and be wide enough be placed on the track at least 125 feet
to provide suitable bearing. (38.1m) from each end of the car or location
where work is being performed. Flags or
12.7.2 Where design allows, all columns lights shall remain there during any loading
shall be anchored by a minimum of four or unloading operations.
anchor bolts. Each column anchor bolt
assembly, including the welding of the 14.1.6 When trusses and girders are
column to the base plate, shall be designed removed from a car, pieces shall be taken
to resist a 300-pound (136.2kg) eccentric out in proper sequence and the remaining
load located 18 inches (45.7cm) from the girders and trusses shall be shored up for
column face in each direction at the top of the their progressive removal.
column.
14.1.7 The car shall not be unloaded
13. LADDERS progressively from only one side as this will
unbalance the car. Exception: when the car
Ladders shall be constructed, used, is adequately blocked to support the
inspected and maintained in accordance with unbalanced load safely and to prevent the
the latest edition of ANSI A14.1, Safety car from tipping.
Requirements for Ladders - Portable Wood,
ANSI A14.2, Safety Requirements for 14.2 Unloading from Trucks.
Portable Metal Ladders, ANSI A14.3 Safety
Requirements for Fixed Ladders, ANSI 14.2.1 Trucks shall be level during loading
A14.4, Safety Requirements for Job-Made and unloading. When trucks are parked on a
Wooden Ladders, and ANSI A14.5, Safety grade, the wheels shall be chocked or
Requirements for Portable Reinforced blocked unless attended, and the brakes
Plastic Ladders. shall be set.
14. MATERIAL HANDLING AND 14.2.2 Slings shall be in place on the load
YARDING before the binders are loosened and binders
shall be in place whenever a load is moved.
14.1 Unloading from Rail Cars.
30
14.2.3 When a driver’s vision is restricted, 14.3.9 Softeners shall be used to protect
the truck shall not be backed up unless chokers or slings from sharp edges.
guided by a person stationed on the side, so
they can see the truck driver and the space 14.3.10 The load block shall be centered
in back of the vehicle. over the load and the load shall be balanced.
14.2.4 Employees shall not jump down 14.3.11 Sorting hooks shall be confined to
from truck beds. sorting and shall not be used for hoisting.
14.3 Rigging, Hoisting Equipment. 14.3.12 Multiple lifts shall consist of five or
less structural members. The rigging
14.3.1 A crane shall be kept on a firm and assembly must be specifically designed and
level surface when hoisting equipment or certified for the total capacity of the load and
material. If the surface is muddy or uneven, each member shall be choked individually to
mats or timbers shall be used to level the hang at least 7 feet (2.1m) apart. The
crane. member must be maintained reasonably
level and erected from bottom up.
14.3.2 Any part of cranes or loads shall not
encroach on operating tracks unless 14.3.13 Special precautions shall be used
provisions are made to control rail traffic. when picking up small pieces. A double turn
of the sling shall be used in picking up small,
14.3.3 Accessible area within the swing single pieces. Some pieces can best be
radius of the rear of the rotating super- handled by placing shackles in the bolt holes.
structure of a crane shall be barricaded to
prevent an employee from being struck or 14.3.14 Lugs, gussets and connecting
crushed by the crane. angles shall be examined before hoisting to
ensure connections are not bent or twisted.
14.3.4 Suspended loads shall be routed to
minimize employee exposure to dropped 14.3.15 Skip boxes shall be loaded so that
loads. material does not fall out while the load is
being hoisted or landed. Skip boxes shall be
14.3.5 Safety hooks with self-closing marked with maximum capacity and
latches or their equivalent shall be used to maximum total weight in clear, legible letters
prevent rigging from slipping out of the hooks and numbers visible to the crane operator.
and shall be used whenever loads are being Skip boxes shall not be used to hoist
hoisted. personnel.
14.3.6 When girder dogs are used, the 14.3.16 The weight of the load shall be
dogs shall either straddle a stiffener angle or known before it is hoisted. The crane or hoist
be otherwise securely held in position. manufacturer’s rated load capacity shall not
be exceeded.
14.3.7 Only eye-and-eye slings shall be
used for choking a load. The eye of the sling 14.3.17 Critical lift loads shall be moved
shall be firmly in contact with the load before slowly and kept under control at all times.
hoisting. They should also be documented with
weight, rigging, material, boom angle and
14.3.8 There shall be no loose materials, crane capacity.
tools or personnel riding on a load when it is
hoisted. 14.3.18 When necessary to control, loads
shall be guided and prevented from swinging
by one or more tag lines attached to the load,
31
and controlled by one or more workers, 1. two oars

unless use of tag lines creates a greater
hazard. 2. oarlocks securely attached to
the gunwales or the oars
14.4 Yarding (Unloaded and Tempo-
rarily Stored). 3. one life ring with 90 feet
(27.4m) of 3/8-inch (9.5mm) manila
14.4.1 When steel is yarded under traffic rope or its equivalent in strength
conditions in railroad yards, all equipment
shall be kept free from the operating track 4. two life vests
when trains are passing.
5. a boat-hook
14.4.2 Material in railroad yards, or in the
vicinity of open railroads, shall be kept at 15.6 A watercraft with an engine shall be
least 6 feet (1.8m) from the nearest rail of an provided in locations where the waters are
operating track. rough or swift and manually operated crafts
are not practical.
14.4.3 Material shall be piled or stacked in
an orderly fashion. Blocking shall be used to 15.7 If the water is swift and un-
support an unstable pile or stack. navigable and a drowning hazard exists,
means of protection other than a safety craft,
15. WORK ON OR OVER WATER such as flotation devices and life rings
downstream, shall be used.
15.1 All floating equipment shall be
equipped with ring buoys approved by the 15.8 Gangplanks shall be provided for
U.S. Coast Guard and 90 feet (27.4m) of 3/8- boarding crafts. Gangplanks shall be
inch (9.5mm) manila line or its equivalent in secured against slipping, and handrails shall
strength. be provided. Other means for boarding boats
may be used if they provide equal protection.
15.2 Ring buoys should be located every
200 feet (61.0m) along a work area or barge. 15.9 Non-slip surface material shall be
placed on docks, decks of barges and
15.3 Employees working over or on watercraft decks subject to slippery
water, where the danger of drowning exists, conditions.
shall be provided with, and are required to
wear, life jackets or buoyant work vests 15.10 All gangways, ladders, stairways
approved by the U.S. Coast Guard, unless and passages shall be kept free of ice,
otherwise protected. grease, tools, materials and rubbish.
15.4 Personnel boats shall be equipped 15.11 Decks of barges and other water-
with safety rails or lines around passenger craft shall be free of unused tools and
open deck areas. materials. Workspaces shall be clear of
coiled lines and stored materials.
15.5 At least one lifesaving safety craft
(skiff) shall be immediately available at 15.12 Wire rope shall be used for anchor
locations where employees are working over lines on barges or watercraft. An allowance
or adjacent to water. If a safety craft is for tide and swells shall be made when
required, there shall be an operator familiar anchoring equipment.
with its operation. The craft shall be
equipped with the following:
32
15.13 Manila or synthetic-fiber lines shall designate a control access zone where
be used as dock hawser when tying up to employees will be warned of the risk of a fall
wharves, piers or shore. and would not be allowed to enter the area
within 6 feet (1.8m) of the edge. The warning
15.14 All deck hatches shall be kept could consist of barricades, plastic tape,
covered unless completely enclosed by painted lines, electronic sensors, a safety
handrails or guards. person, or any other method that would alert
employees on the methods of warning and
15.15 Handrails shall be provided around an execution plan to ensure employee
the open work decks of equipment on the compliance. In areas where it is impossible
water. to develop a control zone and where other
means are not practical for the risks involved,
15.16 U.S. Coast Guard and local regula- employees must be trained to avoid falls, and
tions shall govern all marine operations. the time employees are at risk for a fall shall
Danger areas shall be marked with buoys, be kept to an absolute minimum. The follow-
signs and lights. ing parameters must not be exceeded:
15.17 Prior to commencement of opera- 16.2.1 When connecting beams at the

tions, the location of all underwater pipelines, periphery or interior of a building or structure,
cables and other obstacles in the work area where the fall distance is greater than what
shall be identified and marked. is required by the prevailing law, employees
shall be provided with and shall be either
15.17.1 The local or national (811) one-call tied-off by approved safety harnesses and
center should be notified for locating lifelines to either safety posts, columns,
assistance. pendant lines secured at the top of columns,
catenary lines or other secure anchorage
16. PERSONAL PROTECTION points, or protected by nets, scaffolding, or
other approved fall protection up to the
16.1 General Requirements. Personal prevailing law required fall heights. A
protective equipment shall be in accordance connector who feels that tie-off creates a
with ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for greater hazard may personally opt to
Performance Requirements for Foot Protec- disconnect their safety lanyard during the
tion, ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational time they receive incoming loads. All
and Educational Eye and Face Protection, connectors shall be protected from falls at all
ANSI/ASSE Z88.2, Practices for Respiratory times over what is required by prevailing law.
Protection, ANSI/ASSE A10.32, Personal
Fall Protection Used in Construction and 16.2.2 When performing any other work at
Demolition Operations and ANSI Z89.1, a work point where the fall distance is greater
Industrial Head Protection. than what the prevailing law requires,
including while moving point to point,
16.2 Fall Protection. The contractor employees shall be either protected by
shall analyze the erection process and approved safety harnesses and lifelines,
develop a plan to protect all employees from nets, scaffolding or other approved fall arrest
falls over what the prevailing law requires. system.
The plan can consist of a personal fall arrest
system, a static line system using lanyards, 16.2.3 Traveling at Periphery or Interior
scaffoldings, nets, platforms, man lifts or any of Building. The following procedures
other properly engineered system. In areas should be adhered to:
where it is impossible or highly impractical for
the fall protection plan to be in effect in 1. When moving from work point
relation to the risk involved, the plan should to work point, employees shall be
33
permitted to walk the top flange of forms the leading edge of a work area. In
a beam when the fall distance is each CDZ, the following shall apply:
less than what is required by
prevailing law. 16.2.8.1 Each employee working at the
leading edge in a CDZ shall be protected
2. When the fall distance is from fall hazards of more than what is
greater than what is required by required by prevailing law.
prevailing law, employees may only
walk the top flange if they are tied 16.2.8.2 Access to a CDZ shall be limited to
off to safety cables or other only those employees engaged in leading
approved fall arrest system. edge work.
16.2.4 Pendant lines (vertical lifelines) and 16.2.8.3 The boundaries of a CDZ shall be
other lines used to secure workers shall be designated and clearly marked. The follow-
capable of supporting a minimum weight of ing defines the use of control lines to
5,000 pounds (22.2kN) for each employee demarcate controlled decking zones:
on the system.
A. When used to control access
16.2.5 Horizontal lifelines (catenary lines to areas where leading edge and
included) shall be designed by a qualified initial securement of metal deck
person to arrest a fall and have a minimum and other operations connected
breaking strength of two times the maximum with leading edge work are taking
horizontal lifeline tension generated in a place, the CDZ is defined by a
worse case fall. control line or by any other means
that restricts access.
16.2.6 If the procedures specified in 16.2.1
and 16.2.2 are impractical, safety nets shall i. A control line for a CDZ is
be installed as close as practical to work erected not less than 6
surface, but at a distance of no more than feet (1.8m) nor more than
what is required by prevailing law below the 90 feet (27.4m) from the
work surface and extend at least 8 feet leading edge.
(2.6m) beyond the perimeter of the building ii. Control lines extend along
or structure. Nets shall meet the require- the entire length of the un-
ments set forth in accordance with protected or leading edge
ANSI/ASSE A10.11, Safety Requirements and are approximately
for Personnel Nets. parallel to the unprotected
or leading edge.
16.2.7 Buildings or Other Structures iii. Control lines are con-
with Large, Open Spans. Connectors nected on each side to a
working on buildings or other structures with guardrail system, wall,
large, open spans or areas such as mill build- stanchion or other suit-
ings, gymnasiums, auditoriums, hangars, able anchorage.
arenas, stadiums and bridges shall be
protected from a fall greater than what is B. Control lines consist of ropes,
required by prevailing law. wires, tapes or equivalent materials
and supporting stanchions as
16.2.8 Decking. A controlled decking follows:
zone (CDZ) may be established in that area
of the structure over what is required by i. Each line is rigged and
prevailing law above a lower level where supported in such a way
metal deck is initially being installed, and that its lowest point
34
(including sag) is not less 17.3 Special Training Programs. In

than 39 inches (1.0m) addition to the training required in Sections
from the walking/working 17.1 and 17.2, the employer shall provide
surface and its highest special training to employees engaged in the
point is not more than 45 following activities.
inches (1.14m) from the
walking/working surface. 17.3.1 Multiple Lift Rigging Procedure.
ii. Each line has a minimum The employer shall ensure each employee
breaking strength of 200 who performs multiple lift rigging has been
pounds (90.8kg). provided training in the following areas:
17. TRAINING 1. The nature of the hazards

associated with multiple lifts; and
The following training guidelines shall be
followed. 2. The proper procedures and
equipment to perform multiple lifts
17.1 Training Personnel. Training outlined by this standard.
required by this section shall be provided and
documented by a qualified person(s). 17.3.2 Connector Procedures. The
employer shall ensure each connector has
17.2 Fall Hazard Training. The been provided training in the following areas:
employer shall provide a training program for
all employees exposed to fall hazards. The 1. The nature of the hazards
program shall include training and instruction associated with connecting; and
in the following areas:
2. The establishment, access,
17.2.1 The recognition and identification of proper connecting techniques and
fall hazards in the work area; work practices required by this
standard.
17.2.2 The use and operation of perimeter
safety cable systems, personal fall arrest 17.3.3 Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ)
systems, fall restraint (positioning device) Procedures. Where CDZs are being used,
systems, horizontal lifeline systems, safety the employer shall ensure each employee
net systems, controlled decking zones and has been provided training in the following
other protection to be used; areas:
17.2.3 The correct procedures for 1. The nature of the hazards

erecting, maintaining, disassembling and associated with work within a CDZ;
inspecting the fall protection systems to be and
used;
2. The establishment, access,
17.2.4 The procedures to be followed to proper installation techniques and
prevent falls to lower levels and through or work practices required by this
into holes and openings in walking/working standard.
surfaces and walls; and
17.3.4 Use of Equipment. Employees
17.2.5 The fall protection requirements of shall be trained in accordance with the
this standard. manufacturer’s instruction materials.
35
Appendix A This Appendix is not a part of ANSI/ASSE A10.13, Safety Requirements for Steel
Erection, but is included for information purposes only.
SURVEY OF JOB SITE
Construction and demolition workers are subject to certain hazards

that cannot be eliminated by mechanical means and must be
controlled by care, common sense and intelligence. The A10
Committee realizes the importance of safety and strongly
recommends that prior to commencing any operation, the employer
make a survey of the conditions of the site to determine the hazards
and the kind and number of safeguards that the employer will
install. The survey should include, but not be limited to, the
following:
1) Safe access and movement

a) work areas
b) walkways, runways and passageways
c) ladders, stairways and elevators
d) protection for floor and roof openings
e) illumination
2) Vehicles
a) roads
i) turn space
ii) parking area
iii) mud areas
b) materials storage areas and dump areas
c) signs and signals to route vehicles on the job
d) maintenance and repair of vehicles
3) Utilities and service
a) location of temporary buildings
b) ocation and identification of high-voltage lines (identify by
signs; move, de-energize or erect barrier to prevent contact)
c) location of sanitary facilities and drinking water
4) Scheduling work for safety
a) providing all necessary personal protective equipment such
as hard hats, life belts, goggles and work vests on the job
b) establishing liaison among contractors to prevent
congestion among trades
c) providing temporary flooring, safety nets and scaffolding
where required
5) Work procedures
a) space required to perform the work
b) equipment such as cranes, hoists, elevators and trucks
c) rigging procedures
d) Lockout/tagout procedures
36
6) Tools and equipment

a) repair, maintenance and care
b) inspection
c) supplies of tools for each job
7) Workers and supervisors
a) job assignment
b) training and supervision
c) number of workers
d) Plans for maintaining interest in safety
i) safety bulletins, record charts and posters
ii) recognition for groups or individuals
iii) investigation and reporting on reportable accidents
iv) knowledge of safety orders
v) safety meetings
vi) specific safety instructions for new employees
e) establishment of provisions to take immediate action to
correct unsafe conditions or acts
f) first aid and medical treatment of injuries
8) Safety meetings
a) establishment of provisions to take immediate action to
correct unsafe conditions or acts
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ANSI/ASSP A10.13-2011 (R2017) : Safety Requirements For Steel Erection

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ANSI/ASSP A10.13-2011 (R2017) : Safety Requirements For Steel Erection

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American National Standard

Safety Requirements for Steel Erection

American Society of Safety Engineers

Approved October 5, 2017

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn

Published November by:

American Society of Safety Engineers

Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Safety Engineers

No part of this publication may be reproduced

Printed in the United States of America

A10.1 Pre-Project & Pre-Task Safety & Health Planning

Organization Represented Name of Representative

Independent Experts & Observers:

Alliance of Hazardous Materials Professionals Carl Heinlein, CSP, ARM, CRIS

Steven Rank (Chair)

1. Scope, Purpose and Exceptions ..................................................................... 12

2. Referenced and Related Standards ................................................................ 12

4. Job Planning .................................................................................................... 16

8. Mill Work .......................................................................................................... 25

9. Hoisting, Welding and Cutting, Scaffolding and Safety Nets .......................... 27

10. Metal Deck and Temporary Flooring ............................................................... 27

11. Bolting, Riveting, Fitting-Up, Drilling, Reaming and Plumbing ........................ 28

12. Connecting ...................................................................................................... 29

13. Ladders ........................................................................................................... 30

14. Material Handling and Yarding ........................................................................ 30

15. Work on or Over Water ................................................................................... 32

17. Training ........................................................................................................... 35

Table A – Erection Bridging for Short Span Joists ................................................ 22

Appendix A – Survey of Job Site ........................................................................... 36

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.13

1. SCOPE, PURPOSE AND EXCEP- revision of all the American National

1.1 Scope. This standard establishes 3. DEFINITIONS

2.1 Referenced American National 3.8 Come-A-Long. A portable, hand-

lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline or body harness to a deceleration device,

3.39 Permanent Floor. A structurally 3.46 Seat. A structural attachment

floors and roofs. This does not include d. illumination

3.58 Tier Building. A multiple-story 2. Vehicles. The following items

3.59 Unprotected Sides and Edges. a. roads

electrical conductors, ser- bolts were approved by the

pounds per square foot (488.2kg per square

which provides equivalent stability made without the approval of the

H. A bridging terminus point 6.1.11.2 Erection of steel joists.

on these spans until all

i. The two rows of erection B. The erection drawing shall be

C. The weight of a bundle of joist

D. No bundle of decking may be

i. The employer has first

TABLE A – ERECTION BRIDGING FOR Joist Span

TABLE B – ERECTION BRIDGING FOR LONG SPAN JOISTS

6.2 Bridges. supervisory personnel in attendance. The

or liquid shall not be welded or cut until the

maintained. Proper authorization for such

wind as required, but no more than a 10.6 Wire mesh, or exterior-grade

11.2 Air/Pneumatic Tools. erector supervisor or the supervisor’s author-

the nuts are removed for the double

and controlled by one or more workers, 1. two oars

15.17 Prior to commencement of opera- 16.2.1 When connecting beams at the

(including sag) is not less 17.3 Special Training Programs. In

17. TRAINING 1. The nature of the hazards

17.2.3 The correct procedures for 1. The nature of the hazards

SURVEY OF JOB SITE