P.U.

C II YEAR, ENGLISH

COURSE BOOK - SPRINGS

&
WORK BOOK - STREAMS

Prepared By
Ehthashamuddin. J. Sheikh, M.A., M.ED, IIST
# 116, T.K.A.R Building, G. Block,
Champion Reef’s (P.O),
Kolar Gold Fields - 563117
Kolar District, Karnataka State.
Email Id: - ethashamuddin20@gmail.com

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 BLUEPRINT FOR II YEAR PUC ANNUAL ENGLISH QUESTION PAPER – 2015 TO 2020

Sl 2015 T 2016 T 2017 T 2018 T 2019 T 2020 T

No Name of the Unit

O O O O O O
T T T T T T
A A A A A A
1 4 6 L
1 4 6 L
1 4 6 L
1 4 6 L
1 4 6 L
1 4 6 L

1. Romeo and Juliet 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 - - 6* 6* 1 - 6* 7* 1 - - 1 1 4 - 5

2. Too Dear 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 - 4 6 10 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5
3. On Children 1 - 6* 7* 1 - - 1 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 - 4 - 4 1 - - 1
4. Everything I..Forest 1 4 - 5 1 4 5 1 4 6* 11* 1 4 - 5 1 4 6* 11* 1 4 - 5
5. A Sunny Morning 1 4 - 5 1 - 6 7 1 4 - 5 1 - 6* 7* 1 - 6 7 1 4 6* 11*
6. When You Are Old 1 - - 1 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 1 - - 1
7. The Gardener 1 4 - 5 1 4 6* 11* 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5
8. To The Foot Child 1 4 - 5 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 4* - 5* 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5
9. I Believe …Disappear 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5
10. Heaven, If On Earth 1 4 - 5 - 4* - 4* 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 - - 6* 6*
11. Japan and Brazil ..Eye 1 4* - 5* 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4* - 5* 1 4* - 5*
12. The Voter 1 - 6 7 1 4 - 5 1 - 6 7 1 4 - 5 1 4 - 5 1 4 6 11
13. Where There wheel - - 6* 6* 1 4* - 5* 1 4* - 5* 1 4* - 5* 1 4* - 5* 1 - - 1
14. Water - 4* - 4* 1 - 6* 7* 1 4* - 5* 1 - - 1 1 - 6* 7* - 4* - 4*

15. Unseen Passage - - - 10 - - - 10 - - - 10 - - - 10 - - - 10 - - - 10

16. Lines from Poem - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3
17. Passive Voice - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 3
18. Reported Speech - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5
19. Dialogue Writing - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4
20. Expressions - - - 2 - - - 2 - - - 2 - - - 2 - - - 2 - - - 2
21. Linkers - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4
22. Note Making - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4
23. Job Application - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5
Speech Writing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
24. 5 5 5 5 5 5
Report Writing* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
25. Pronouns and Referents - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - 4
26. Jumbled Segments - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1
TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100

Note: - * Star Mark Indicates Internal Choice

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 2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 1
TOPIC: - ROMEO AND JULIET
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
SUMMARY
Romeo
He compares Juliet’s beauty to nature. Romeo says that
even the bright light of a torch would look dull before the
brightness of Juliet. It looks like she hangs on the cheek of
night. Romeo says that the beauty of Juliet is like a jewel
which is hung in the ear of an African woman.
Romeo says Juliet is too beautiful to belong to Earth.
Juliet’s beauty is so vast that she cannot die and be buried in
the Earth. The earth cannot contain her beauty. He further
says Juliet is like a white snow which is flying with other
common people who belong to the species of crows. Romeo
just wishes t express that Juliet belongs to divine world and
living among the ordinary and common people.
Romeo proposes to find the place where Juliet stood and
wants to touch her blessed hand and make his own rude hand
blessed. Romeo further asks a question whether he ever
loved before. He feels this is the true love. Romeo thinks he
has never seen a beautiful woman like Juliet before this
night.
Juliet
Juliet is inviting the night. The night she is inviting is none
other than Romeo himself. Juliet compares Romeo to night.
Juliet calls Romeo a day in the night. Juliet sees night as a
bird with wings on which Romeo would ride and come as a
‘New Snow’. Juliet calls the night as gentle night and a
‘Black – Browed Night’.
Juliet wants nothing from the night except her love Romeo.
Juliet has a realistic view of death and says; even if she dies
she wants to make their love immortal. Juliet says that
Romeo should from part of stars in heaven. Juliet says, the
presence of Rome among the stars would enrich the beauty
of stars.
Romeo forms the important part of the night sky; the whole
world would begin to fall in love with the night. Romeo
would shine so brightly in the night sky that it would even
outshine the sun.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase or
a sentence each: -
1. When according to Juliet would Romeo make the face
of heaven so fine?
Ans: - Romeo would become star.
2. What does Juliet want Romeo to be after her death?
Ans: - To be a star.
3. Whom does the phrase ‘Snowy Dove’ refer to?
Ans: - Juliet
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4. Whom does Romeo address as ‘Yonder Lady’?
Ans: - Juliet
5. Why does Romeo intend to touch Juliet?
Ans: - Romeo’s rude hand is blessed.
6. What does Romeo compare Juliet to?
Ans: - Snowy Dove
7. Whom does Romeo call ‘Crows’?
Ans: - The Women on the dance floor.
8. What does the phrase, ‘Face of Heaven’ signify in the
extract from the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’?
Ans: - It Signifies the brightness and beauty as reflected in
the moon.
9. What does the phrase. ‘New Snow’ suggest in ‘Romeo
and Juliet’?
Ans: - Romeo
10. What does Juliet ask the loving, Black browed night?
Ans: - To bring her Romeo to her.
11. Who in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is compared to a ‘Rich
Jewel’ in an Ethiope’s ear?
Ans: - Juliet
12. What according to Romeo does Juliet teach to burn
bright?
Ans: - The Torches.
13. Who according to Romeo teach the torches to burn
bright?
Ans: - Juliet
14. Who according to Romeo seems to hang upon the
cheek of night?
Ans: - Juliet
15. Whose beauty according to Romeo is too rich to use?
March - 2019
Ans: - Juliet
16. When according to Romeo would his hand be
blessed?
Ans: - When Romeo touches Juliet’s hand.
17. Whose rude hand would be made blessed by touching
Juliet’s hand?
Ans: - Romeo
18. What according to Romeo was not seen by him until
he saw Juliet?
Ans: - Romeo never saw true beauty till that night.
19. Who are compared to Crows by Romeo?
Ans: - The Women on the dance floor.
20. Whom does Juliet teach to burn bright?
Ans: - The Torches.
 2nd PUC
21. What does Romeo want to watch of Juliet?
Ans: - The place where Juliet stood.
22. How is the hand of Romeo described?
Ans: - Rude.
23. Who will lie upon the wings of night?
Ans: - Romeo.
24. How does Juliet describe Romeo?
Ans: - As Whiter then snow on a Raven’s Black.
25. Why will the whole world fall in love with the night?
Ans: - Romeo would be present in the form of stars and
would make the face of heaven look fine.
26. Whom will people ignore looking at the beauty of the
night?
Ans: - The Sun.
27. Whom does Romeo compare the other women in the
hall to?
Ans: - Crows
28. What does Romeo asks himself after he sees Juliet?
Ans: - ‘Did my heart love till now’
29. How does Juliet describe Romeo?
Ans: - Snow on Raven’s back.
30. Whom does Juliet not want the world to worship?
Ans: - The Garish Sun.
31. When according to Juliet would all the world be in
love with the night? March - 2015
Ans: - When Romeo is cut into stars after his death and
make the face of heaven fine.
32. Who, according to Juliet, is whiter than ‘New Snow’?
March – 2016
What does the phrase ‘New Snow’ suggests in ‘Romeo
and Juliet’? March - 2020
Ans: - Romeo
33. Who looks as a Snowy Dove to Romeo?
March - 2018
Ans: - Juliet
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each: -
1. How does Romeo describe Juliet’s beauty?
Or
How does Romeo Glorify Juliet’s flawless beauty?
Or
What similes does Romeo use to convey Juliet’s beauty?
Or
How does Romeo mesmerized by the eternal beauty of
Juliet? March – 2015
Or
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Why does Romeo say he never saw true beauty till that
night? Explain. March – 2016
Ans: - Romeo happens to see Juliet for the first time at the
grand supper hosted by Lord Capulet, Juliet’s father. Though
Romeo belongs to the Montague family and they are devoted
enemies, he is strangely attracted towards Juliet.
Romeo is fascinated by Juliet’s beauty. Romeo feels that
Juliet can teach the torches to burn bright. Juliet’s charms
more than the brightness of light. Juliet’s beauty seems to be
too rare and splendid that seems to hang upon cheek of night
as rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear. Juliet’s beauty is too rich
for use; too dear for earth.
Juliet appears to Romeo a white snowy dove and her
companions appear to be crows. Romeo wants to
touch her hands and get his rude hands blessed by her soft
and gentle touch. Romeo asks himself whether his heart ever
loved before this moment as he never saw such true beauty.
2. How does Juliet express her love for Romeo?
Or
How does Juliet immortalize Romeo in ‘Romeo and
Juliet’? March - 2020
Or
How does Juliet draw attention towards ‘Gentle Night’
and ‘Garish Sun’ in ‘Romeo and Juliet’?
Or
Comment on the imagery of ‘Night – day’, ‘Black –
White’ in the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’?
Or
Juliet’s love was more intense than Romeo’s. Justify with
reference to the imaginary and similes used in the
extract?
Ans: - Juliet asks the night to bring with it her Romeo.
Romeo is a bright and a cheerful person. Juliet says that
Romeo looks bright like the new snow present on the
Raven’s back. Juliet makes it very clear that she doesn’t
want to give up Romeo even after her death. Juliet tells the
night that after she dies, take her Romeo and turn him into
little stars.
According to her, if Romeo is turned into stars, then the
night will be so beautiful and bright that the entire world will
fall in love with the night and no one will look at the Garish
sun considering it to be harsh and glaring and start liking the
night sky. This way Romeo always live and he will be
immortalized. Furthermore, ‘When I shall die’ and ‘Cut him
out in little stars’, and ‘Heaven’ are expression that clearly
refer to death and immortality.
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words: -
1. How is the intensity of love between Romeo and Juliet
brought out in the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’?
Or
Between Romeo and Juliet whose love do you think is
more passionate and intense? Why?
Or
Whose love, do you think, is more passionate and
intense in ‘Romeo and Juliet’? Explain. March - 2017
 2nd PUC
Or
How did Romeo and Juliet express their romantic love
feelings to each other in the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’
March – 2018
Ans: - Romeo and Juliet express their passionate love each
other very effectively. Romeo feels surprised and glorifies
his love, Juliet’s beauty to the essential as she looks beyond
his imagination. He feels that her beauty betters the
brightness of colorful lights in that dark night. Through the
simile, he compares Juliet’s matchless beauty to a rich
jewel in a black Ethiope’s ear and she seems shining in the
dark cheek of night.
Romeo is truly fascinated by her rare beauty and decides to
watch her place of stand on the dance floor which seems
sacred spot after the dance. Though he is a handsome prince
himself, he feels his rude hand to be blessed by touching
her smooth and shiny hands. Finally, he self-introspects
himself by asking whether his heart loved anybody before
and clarifies that this is his first true love with Juliet. This is
how, Romeo brightly glorifies Juliet’s perfect beauty in his
speech.
Juliet also equally feels a wonderful birth of love for
Romeo, a man from the enemy family. She invites both the
night and her love, Romeo to come to her as soon as
possible. She longs for the gentle night to fall. In Juliet’s
imagination, Romeo seems as a bright day, though it is dark
night. She believes that he brightens her life. He looks
whiter than the new snow on a Raven’s back which is
compared to the night and glows by surpassing the dark
night.
She thinks that he definitely comes in the night to see her as
he cannot see her during day. She wishes to make her
Romeo an immortal being by requesting the night to take
him and cut him out in little stars in the sky after her death,
so that he will make the face of heaven so fine. She
convinces the night that Romeo replaces the garish sun by
glowing in the night, then people stop to fear for night. She
feels that people fall in love with night and forget to
worship the sun in the whole world. In this way, Juliet
expresses her implicit feelings towards Romeo and makes
him an immortal and eternal being.Juliet’s love was much
more passionate and intense than that of Romeo.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
Romeo speaks about Juliet
 Romeo describes the beauty of Juliet.
 She teaches the torches to burn the bright.
 She is as a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear.
 Her beauty is too good for this world.
 She is too dear for the earth.
 She is like a white dove among the crows.
 Romeo's hand becomes holy if he touches her.
 He did not love such a beautiful lady earlier.
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Juliet speaks about Romeo
 Juliet describes Romeo's charm.
 Romeo is like a day comes at the night.
 He is whiter than a new snow.
 She calls the gentle night to witness his charm.
 Romeo should be cut into little stars after her death.
 He would make the face of heaven so fine.
 By loving the night, people forget the garish sun.
RECAPITULATION:
 The city of Verona
 Romeo and Juliet
 Noble families-Montagues and Capulets/animosity
 Capulets’ party
 Intense and passionate love
 Romeo’s glorification of Juliet’s beauty
 Juliet’s beauty surpasses the brightness of torches
 A rich jewel
 Juliet is compared to a snowy dove
 Romeo meets after the dance
 Juliet praises Romeo
 Compares to the day in night
 New snow on ravens back
 She wants Romeo to be little stars after her death
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. When according to Juliet would Romeo make the face
of heaven so fine?
2. Who in 'Romeo and Juliet is compared to a 'rich jewel in
an Ethiope's ear'?
3. Who in 'Romeo and Juliet' is compared to a 'snowy
dove'?
4. Whom does Romeo address as 'yonder lady'?
5. When according to Juliet would all the world be in love
with night?
6. Who according to Juliet would make the face of heaven
as fine as stars?
FOUR MARKS
1. How does Romeo glorify Juliet's beauty?
2. How does Romeo describe Juliet?
3. Romeo claims to have never seen true beauty till he saw
Juliet. How does he justify his statement?
4. How is Romeo mesmerized by the beauty of Juliet at
first sight?
5. How does Romeo justify that he had never seen true
beauty till he seen Juliet.
‘We shall never know all the good that a simple
smile can do’.
2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 2
TOPIC: - TOO DEAR!
LEO TOLSTOY
STORY ANALYSIS
In Too Dear! by Leo Tolstoy we have the theme of
governance, justice, morality and power. Narrated in the
third person by an unnamed narrator the reader realizes
after reading the story that Tolstoy may be exploring the
theme of governance. Every time that the King encounters a
problem with the prisoner he calls upon his Council of
State. Who in turn end up setting up committees and sub-
committees in an effort to resolve the issues with the
prisoner. This may be important as Tolstoy may be
suggesting that the King is unable to govern on his own and
is relying on others to govern the Principality of Monaco. It
is also noticeable that the most important thing to the King
is money. He won‟t hang the prisoner because it costs too
much money. Then he won‟t have a soldier guarding the
prisoner because again it costs too much money. Eventually
Tolstoy borders on the ridiculous with the prisoner leaving
his cell each day and going into the palace to get his own
food and then returning to his cell. Still this is too expensive
for the King and he offers the prisoner a pension. If
anything money overrules the law as far as the King is
concerned. It is cheaper for the King to get rid of the
prisoner by way of pension than to kill him for the crime he
committed (murder).
It is also noticeable that nobody in government questions
any of the King‟s decisions. His word is law which leaves
the reader wondering as to why the King needs a
government at all. If he is not going to take the advice of his
government ministers. All power is based around the King.
If the King likes an idea and it is not going to cost him too
much money. Then that is the way the King will go.
Everything is driven by cost for the King regardless of what
an individual‟s crime might be. At no stage in the story
does the reader suspect that the King thinks any differently.
He has been presented with one of the worst crimes
possible and has decided it is cheaper to pension off the
prisoner. If anything the prisoner has been rewarded for his
actions rather than being punished. Which may leave some
readers to suggest that what is happening is bizarre. Which
may be the point that Tolstoy is attempting to make. He
may be suggesting that the King (and his ministers) are not
fit to govern.
It may also be a case that Tolstoy is highlighting the
uniqueness of Monaco. Something that is noticeable by not
only the treatment of the prisoner but by the fact that
Monaco is the only place in Europe that has gaming
houses. It is the taxes from the gaming houses that pay for
a lot of the King‟s endeavors. He is reliant on the taxes
from the gaming houses to keep Monaco (and himself too)
afloat. Morals do not appear to be an issue for the King.
Unlike in the rest of Europe where gaming houses are not
allowed due to the problem that they can create. It would
appear that the most important thing for the King is not to
abide by the laws of Monaco but to ensure that Monaco
has enough money to allow the King to live the life he
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would like to. The King‟s main priority is himself and not
his subjects. Which may suggest to some that the King is
selfish and that his policies are driven by finances rather
than by fairness.
The King is not the only one who is acting selfish
throughout the story. All his ministers rather than
questioning the King‟s rulings support the King completely.
Most likely because they do not want things to change in
Monaco. They in all probability are living comfortable lives
as ministers to the King. It is as though they have a thirst
for power which blinds them morally. They do after all
agree with the King giving the prisoner a pension. Which
though ridiculous is nonetheless acceptable in Monaco. Not
one minister tackles the King on any of his decisions. As
mentioned the King‟s word is law regardless of what the
courts may say. To an outsider the King‟s actions are
inappropriate yet nobody in Monaco will challenge the
King. If anything the real winner in the story is the prisoner.
He gets to leave Monaco and return when his pension is
due. With the money he receives he is able to set himself up
in business. Yet the same can‟t be said for the person that
the prisoner killed (or their family). The prisoner has
committed a crime and evaded justice all because the King
of Monaco does not wish to spend the money on executing
the prisoner or feeding him. It is easier and cheaper for the
King to give the prisoner a pension even though he is guilty
of murder. In all likelihood the King because of the cost
involved in executing the prisoner is setting a precedent.
SUMMARY
“Too Dear!” is a story written by count Leo Tolstoy, a
famous Russian writer, master of realistic fiction and is
widely considered one of the world‟s greatest novelists. The
story “Too Dear!” is a parody of one of the modern systems
of governance. It ridicules the ways of punishing criminals
and dispensing justice in modern states. The story is
narrated in a matter-of fact-tone but with an undercurrent of
sarcasm. Leo Tolstoy satirizes the thirst for power,
exercised by men of upper class, and how it affects society.
In addition, it also raises a serious question on capital
punishment. All is well in the kingdom of Monaco until a
man commits a murder. The king had never had to deal
with the murder until the man was sentenced to death. He
runs into considerable trouble trying to carry out the
sentence. Monaco had neither guillotine nor an executioner,
so they requested the government of France. France agreed
to send the requirements for the sum of 16000 francs.
This would require imposing more tax on people. So the
king requested for help from the king of Italy who agreed
to provide the requirements at the cost of 12000 francs. As
the King found the expenses unaffordable, the death
sentence was altered to imprisonment for life. Life
imprisonment however presented its own set of problems.
There needed to be a guard to watch the criminal and
provide him food. The costs came to be 600 francs, which
would still require an increase of taxes. It was decided that
the guard should be dismissed, at the risk of losing the
prisoner. The prisoner however did not try to escape and
2nd PUC
continued to stay in the prison. It was then agreed to pay
an annuity of 600 francs by the government and he left the
King‟s domains. In the concluding paragraph the narrator
comments that it is good that the prisoner did not commit
his crime in a country where they do not grudge expense to
get a man‟s head off or to keep him in prison for life. The
author seems to question the very conviction of the rulers
and about the system of law and governance instituted by
them. The author seems to appreciate the courage and
open-mindedness of Monaco and acknowledging their
limitations and letting the prisoner free on humanitarian
grounds. It is worth noting that the writer puns on the title
“Too Dear!” which means either too expensive, or of great
value. The author leaves it to the reader to decide whether
“Too Dear!” refers to executing the criminal or saving the
criminal‟s life.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. Kingdom of Monaco – Near Borders of France and Italy.
2. Shore of Mediterranean Sea
3. 7,000 Inhabitants
4. Like small country town
5. TOY KINGDOM – REAL KINGLET
- Palace, Courtiers, Ministers, Laws, Courts of justice,
Bishops, Generals.
- Army consists of just 60 Men
6. TAXES
- Tobacco, Wine, Poll tax
- Monopoly in a Gaming House – Roulette because of it
Monaco Govt. rakes in money.
- Problem – Youngman (Rascal) commits murder
unprecedented event.
7. DECISION – 1
- His Head cut off as law
HITCH IN FOLLOWING
- Non availability of Guillotine and executioner
unaffordable
- FrenchGovt – 16,000 francs, Italian Govt – 12,000 francs
- Military men do not accept proposal of executing the man
8. DECISION – 2
- Life imprisonment, Hitch, Jail, Guard, Food. Result: -
Expenses – Above 600 Francs.
9. DECISION – 3
- Dismisses guard and offers safe escape
- Murderer is offered 600 Francs pension for life time to
leave the king‟s domain for life time
- Given ⅓ of annuity in advance
- Murderer buys lands and starts market gardening
10. TITLE
Too Dear! Is justified because per capita income of Monaco
is 2 Francs expenditure to cope up with murderer (Rascal)
comes up to 600 Francs per year for his remaining life.
IT‟S TOO DEAR!!!!!
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SHORT NOTES
1. The Kingdom of Monaco
The kingdom of Monaco was near the borders of France
and Italy, on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It had only
seven thousand inhabitants and a small army of sixty men.
This toy kingdom also had a king, a palace, courtiers,
bishops, generals etc. The people of the kingdom of
Monaco had to pay the taxes on tobacco and wine. The
people of the kingdom were peace loving and there
occurred no major crime in the kingdom.
The king found that he fell short of money to run the
kingdom efficiently. So, he opened a gaming house in his
kingdom; where roulette was played by the people of the
kingdom and even by those from the neighboring countries.
Thus the king could get a share out of the profits earned in
the gaming house.
But, once when a murder happened, the murderer was put
to trial and sentenced to death. The kingdom neither had the
guillotine nor the executioner. So they tried to rent it, but it
proved to be a costly affair. Later they decided to give him
the life time imprisonment. This also could not be afforded
by them. Finally, they had to get rid of the murderer by
offering him a pension of 600 francs per year.
2. The murderer‟s shrewd and practical character
The murderer committed a crime in the kingdom of
Monaco. He was put to trial by the court of the kingdom.
After much discussion he was sentenced to death. It was
declared that he should be executed; but, the kingdom
neither had a guillotine, nor an executioner. The king was
not ready to spend money on renting the guillotine and the
executioner from Italy or France. Thus it was declared that
the murderer should be imprisoned for life. A guard was
appointed outside the prison that not only guarded, but also
brought food for him from the palace kitchen.
The annual expense of the kingdom increased due to the
murderer. Thus the guard was removed. The king waited for
the prisoner to run away. But to his surprise the prisoner
decided to stay in the prison. He even fetched food for
himself from the kitchen and locked himself back in the
room.
The king summoned him and asked him that why did he not
run away. The prisoner was very shrewd and practical. He
told the king that he had nowhere to go. He blamed the king
for spoiling his name and character. He said that now he
would not even get a job. He argued that he should have
been executed when once declared. Thus the king had to
pay him a pension of 600 francs per year to get rid of him.
He got one-third of it in advance. He purchased a land at the
borders of the kingdom and started market gardening. He
made a point to come regularly to collect his pension.
3. The ending of the story
The ending of the story was quite unusual and unexpected.
The annual expense of the kingdom increased due to the
murderer. Thus the guard was removed. The king waited
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

for the prisoner to run away. But to his surprise the 1. Who according to the council, was the brother
prisoner decided to stay in the prison. He even fetched monarch in Too dear?
food for himself from the kitchen and locked himself back Or
in the room. Who is known as a brother monarch?
Ans: - King of Italy
The king summoned him and asked him that why did he
not run away. The prisoner was very shrewd and 2. How much did the French government expect for a
practical.He told the king that he had nowhere to go. He guillotine and an executioner in Too dear?
blamed the king for spoiling his name and character. He Or
said that now he would not even get a job. He argued that How much did the French Government demand in the
he should have been executed when once declared. Thus lesson „Too Dear!? March - 2020
the king had to pay him a pension of 600 francs per year to Ans: - 16,000 Francs
get rid of him. He got one-third of it in advance. He
purchased a land at the borders of the kingdom and started 3. Which country in Europe stopped the Gaming Houses
market gardening. He made a point to come regularly to as mentioned in “Too Dear!”?
collect his pension. Or
Which country banned the Gaming Houses in Europe?
According to the author, it was a good thing that the Ans: - Germany Sovereigns
murderer did not commit his crime in a country where they
do not grudge expense to cut a man‟s head off or keep him 4. The King's special revenue was from _________ in
in prison for life. Too dear.
Or
4. The title of the story What business does the king of Monaco Monopolize in
The title of the story is quite apt and suggestive. The story „Too Dear!‟?
is about a king and his kingdom which finds it „too dear‟ to Ans: - Gaming houses
handle a crime and a criminal.
5. Mention one of the reasons as to why death sentence
A murderer committed a crime in the kingdom of Monaco. was altered to life imprisonment?
He was put to trial by the court of the kingdom. After Ans: -Because they could not afford a guillotine nor an
much discussion he was sentenced to death. It was executioner
declared that he should be executed; but, the kingdom
neither had a guillotine, nor an executioner. The king was 6. What was the initial punishment suggested to the
not ready to spend money on renting the guillotine and the criminal by the council in Too dear?
executioner from Italy or France. Thus it was declared that Ans: - Death sentence
the murderer should be imprisoned for life. A guard was
appointed outside the prison that not only guarded, but also 7. Mention one of the taxes imposed by the King of
brought food for him from the palace kitchen.The annual Monaco.
expense of the kingdom increased due to the murderer. Or
Thus the guard was removed. The king waited for the What were the items on which taxes were imposed?
prisoner to run away. Or
Mention one of the taxes imposed by the king of
But to his surprise the prisoner decided to stay in the Monaco?
prison. He even fetched food for himself from the kitchen Or
and locked himself back in the room. Mention the special source of revenue to the Monaco
kingdom in „Too Dear!‟?
The king summoned him and asked him that why did he Or
not run away. The prisoner was very shrewd and practical. Name any one commodity taxed in Monaco?
He told the king that he had nowhere to go. He blamed the Ans: - Tobacco/wine and spirits/poll tax/gaming houses
king for spoiling his name and character. He said that now
he would not even get a job. He argued that he should have 8. What were the duties expected of the guard in the
been executed when once declared. Thus the king had to story, Too Dear!?
pay him a pension of 600 francs per year to get rid of him. Ans: - The guard was expected to watch the criminal and
He got one-third of it in advance. He purchased a land at also fetch his food from the palace kitchen
the borders of the kingdom and started market gardening.
He made a point to come regularly to collect his pension. 9. What did the people play in gaming houses?
Thus it proved to be too dear for the king. Or
What was the game that was played in the gaming
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase houses?
or a sentence each: - Or

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Name the game being played in the gaming house in 19. How did the man kill himself in despair in the story
Too Dear!? Too Dear?
Ans: - Game of Roulette. Ans: - Drawn or Shoot himself

10. What is the population of Monaco? 20. What was the punishment given to the murder in the
Or beginning in Too Dear?
How many inhabitants did the kingdom of Monaco Ans: - To Head Cut off
have?
Or 21. Why was the prince of Monaco unwilling to put an
How many inhabitants are there in the kingdom of additional tax of two francs on the people?
Monaco? March - 2016 Ans: - The Rascal was really not worth the money.
Or
What is the population of the Kingdom of Monaco? 22. How much did the criminal receive as advance
March - 2019 before leaving Monaco in Too Dear!?
Ans: - Seven thousand inhabitants Ans: - One – Third of his annuity.

11. How many men did the army of Monaco have? 23. Why was the sentence changed to life imprisonment?
Or Ans: - Because execution was too expensive.
How many soldiers were there in the army of
Monaco? 24. Name the special source of revenue in the kingdom
Ans: - Sixty men. of Monaco? March - 2015
Ans: - Gaming House, where people play Roulette.
12. What is a Guillotine?
Ans: - Guillotine is a machine used to execute the head of 25. Where did the criminal go to fetch his dinner in Too
a criminal. Dear? March - 2017
Ans: - Palace Kitchen.
13. Monaco did not have a guillotine as well as a
___________. 26. How does the author describe the kingdom of
Ans: - Executioner. Monaco?
Ans: - The kingdom of Monaco was near the borders of
14. Which government was approached first in the France and Italy, on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It
story Too Dear!? had only seven thousand inhabitants and a small army of
Ans: - The French government. sixty men. This toy kingdom also had a king, a palace,
courtiers, bishops, generals etc.
15. How much did the Italian government quote for the
guillotine and the executioner? 27. What were the different kinds of tax that were levied
Ans: - Twelve thousand francs, including the travelling on the people of Monaco?
expenses. Ans: - The people of the kingdom of Monaco had to pay
the taxes on tobacco and wine.
16. What reason did the soldiers give for not executing
the criminal? 28. What crime was committed in Monaco that had
Or never been committed before? What was done once the
Why did the soldiers refuse to execute the criminal? crime was discovered?
Ans: - They soldier gave the reason that they were not Ans: - A man committed a crime of murdering someone.
trained to do so. This had never happened before in this peace loving
kingdom. The murderer was sentenced to death after the
17. What was the amount fixed as pension for the trial.
criminal in the story Too Dear?
Or 29. What punishment did the judges announce for the
How much pension would the criminal get in Too murderer?
Dear? Ans: - The murderer was sentenced to death for his crime.
Or The king announced to execute the murderer.
What was the sum fixed as pension for the criminal in
Too Dear? 30. What was the hitch in executing the death
Ans: - 600 francs. punishment?
Ans: - The only hitch in executing the death sentence was
18. Meaning of the proverb,” You can‟t earn stone that the kingdom had neither the guillotine and nor the
palaces by Honest Labour.” executioner.
Ans: - Honest Labour alone cannot earn riches. One has to
take resort to dishonest measures in order to earn beyond 31. When it was discovered that the punishment could
means. not be carried out due to the absence of a guillotine,
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2nd PUC
what did the ministers decide to do? What was the
response they received?
Ans: - When the ministers found that they had neither the
guillotine and nor the executioner, they made an inquiry in
the neighboring countries to get it on rent.
32. Why was the convict‟s punishment changed from
one of death sentence to life imprisonment?
Ans: - The convict‟s punishment was changed from death
sentence to life imprisonment because the kingdom could
not afford to rent a guillotine and an executioner.
33. What arrangements were made to keep the
murderer in the prison?
Ans: - The murderer was locked in a prison. A guard was
appointed to keep a watch on him and fetch him food from
the palace kitchen.
34. Why did the council decide to dismiss the guard?
Ans: - At the end of one year of the imprisonment of the
murderer, the king found that they had to spend a lot on
the guard appointed for him. So they dismissed the guard.
35. Why did the prisoner not escape from the prison?
What complaints did he lodge?
Ans: - The prisoner did not escape from the prison saying
that he had nowhere to go. He complained that the king
had ruined his name and character. He even told the king
that he had harassed him by removing the guard.
36. What was the price the government had to pay in
order to make the prisoner go away?
Ans: - The government had to promise him to pay the
annual pension of 600 francs and they even had to give
him one third of it in advance.
37. According to the author, what was a good thing for
a murderer?
Ans: - According to the author, it was a good thing that he
did not commit his crime in a country where they do not
grudge expense to cut a man‟s head off or keep him in
prison for life.
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each:
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. What made the king alter his decisions in dealing
with the criminal?
Or
Why did the authorities in Monaco fail to carry out the
death sentence of the criminal?
Ans: - The authorities in Monaco failed to carry out the
death sentence because there was neither a Guillotine nor
an executioner. Though they tried to borrow a machine and
an expert from France and Italy, they realized that it would
cost a huge sum of money and the king would be forced to
collect nearly two francs more per head on taxes.
Therefore, the authorities cancelled the idea of carrying
out the death sentence.
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2. How does the narrator describe the Toy Kingdom in
Too Dear?
Or
Describe briefly the Toy Kingdom in Too Dear?
Or
Describe the Monaco Kingdom.
Or
Briefly describe the kingdom of Monaco mentioned in
Too Dear? March - 2016
Ans: - The narrator begins by telling about the location of
Monaco. It was located near the borders of France and Italy
on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It was a small
kingdom which just has seven thousand inhabitants and if
all the land in kingdom were divided there would not be
even an acre for each inhabitant.
The narrator calls it a toy kingdom as it did not have
that glory, splendor and strength of a large kingdom. In this
kingdom there was a kinglet and he had palace and
courtiers, ministers and a Bishop and generals and an army.
The kingdom in all had only sixty men as army. There were
also taxes in the kingdom. The items that were taxed were
tobacco, wine and spirits and poll tax.
3. Describe the different levels of punishment meted out
to the criminal at different times?
Ans: - As though to disrupt peace murder was committed in
the kingdom. The council and the king sentence the
criminal to life sentence. But due to the lack of Guillotine
and an executioner the sentence is reduced to life
imprisonment. After a period of six months the king notices
a new item of expenditure and he notices that the amount
was spent on the criminal. Again the council was
summoned and they decide to dismiss the guard so that the
prisoner will run away from the prison but unfortunately the
prisoner does not run away but he takes food from the
palace kitchen and again locks himself up in the cell.
Finally, the council asks him why he did not go
away when there was no guard to watch over him and the
criminal gives his own reasons as to why he did not go
away from the prison. Finally, the council and king pay
pension to the criminal and send his away from the prison.
So we see at various times the council and king gives
different sorts of punishment to the criminal.
4. Why was the criminal reluctant to go out of the prison
in Too Dear?
Or
Why was the murderer reluctant to run away from the
prison?
Or
Why did the prisoner refuse to go out of imprisonment?
Explain.
Or
Why was the prisoner reluctant to go out of the prison
in the story Too Dear?
Or
Why was the criminal refuse to escape from the prison
in Too Dear? March - 2017
Or
2nd PUC
Why did the murderer refuse to go out of the prison in
Too Dear?
Or
Why was the murderer unwilling to run away from the
prison in Too Dear?
Or
Mention the reasons stated by the prisoner in Too Dear
for not going out of the prison.
Ans: - The prisoner refused to escape from the prison
because the judgment given by the king of Monaco had
ruined his character as he was termed „A Murderer‟ and
the people of Monaco would turn their backs on him.
Beside, nobody would employ him and he had to go
without work. He felt that he was treated badly and it was
not fair to ask him to move out of prison. He said that, first
as he was sentenced to death, he must have been executed.
It did not happen and he had not complained about the
same.
The judgement was changed and he was sentenced
for life and a guard was put to bring him the food, but he
too was removed with the changing judgement for the
third time. This time, he was asked to go away from the
prison which he was not willing to do, as he found his life
secured inside the prison.
5. „The criminal leads a comfortable life after his
release‟. Explain with reference to Too Dear?
Or
How did the criminal lead his life after his release in
Too Dear?
Or
How did the prisoner lead his life after his release?
Or
How did the criminal benefit from the pension he was
offered in the lesson Too Dear? March – 2015
Or
What benefits did the crimainal enjoy in the lesson
„Too Der!‟? March – 2020
Ans: - The king of Monacooffered a pension of 600 Francs
to get rid of the criminal who had committed a murder.
The criminal agreed to go away from the kingdom on the
condition that he has to receive his pension regularly on
time. The prisoner received one – third of his annuity in
advance. He emigrated and settled just across the frontier.
He brought a piece of land and started market – gardening
and lived comfortably. Regularly, he went to draw his
pension enjoyed gaming and lived peacefully and happily.
6. „Though gaming is a dirty business, why does the
king of Monaco resort to it?
Ans: - The king of Monaco levied taxes on tobacco, wine
and spirit, apart from a poll tax. But there were such a few
people in the country that the tax earned by these sources
was not enough for the king to maintain his courtiers and
official and his kingdom. Therefore, he had to resort to the
tax obtained from gaming houses.
7. Describe the attempts made by the ministers in
solving the problems of cutting off the criminal‟s head?
March - 2018
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Ans: - Monaco, the kinglet though had well co – ordinated
legal system but there was absence of means of execution
to cut off the criminal‟s head. The king did not have a
Guillotine machine and an executioner in his kingdom so
he tried buying it from France but that would cost 16,000
Francs. Then, the king approached Italy, but Italy also
quoted 12,000 Francs.
Both these amounts were too high and could not
have been accepted so the king asked his general to find a
solider in his army who could cut the head roughly. But
the solders replied that they were not trained to do so. So
the king changed his punishment to life imprisonment and
kept a guard to watch him. But after one year, the king met
him in the prison. Then he was asked to run away but he
refused to do so till they promised him annual lifelong
pension of 600 Francs.
8. Inspite of all their efforts the king and his team failed
in punishing the criminal. How is it narrated in the
story Too Dear? March - 2018
Ans: - Monaco is a small kingdom with hardly seven
thousand inhabitants. The writer describes it as a „Toy
Kingdom‟. But it had a king and ministers and his army.
The problem is the kingdom started when a murder was
committed. The prisoner was tried in the court of law and
was given death sentence. His head was to cut off. But the
state had neither Guillotine nor the executioner.
So they thought of buying it from France and Italy,
their neighboring countries. France asked for 16,000 Francs
while Italy quoted 12,000 Francs. The king decided that it
was too expensive and not worth it so the punishment was
changed to life imprisonment but after a year the king
realized that they were spending 600 Francs on the prisoner.
Again they found it too expensive and the prisoner was
asked to run away, but he didn‟t till they promised him
annual lifelong pension of 600 Francs.
The decision of the king and the advice given by the
ministers, both were worth a laugh. Moreover, the
maintenance of criminal in prison and the amount spent by
the state on them is also mocked at. To get rid of the
criminal only after promising a lifelong annual pension of
600 Francs. The criminal who was supposed to be punished
by the state now enjoyed his life on state‟s money. He
gambled in gaming house and spent a happy life thereafter.
9. What were the arguments put forth by the prisoner
for not running awayfrom the prison? March – 2019
Ans: - The Prisoner did not show any signs of running
away and this got the ministers worried. The criminal was
brought the Minister of Justice. He suggested to the
prisoner to run away. The prisoner told the minister that he
had nowhere to go and accused them of ruining his
character by sentencing him to death.
The prisoner told them that having been confined to
the prison, he had given up his habit of working. He
actually resented their action in not executing him. He
finally told them that he would not like to agree to their
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

proposal that he should run away and escape. The
ministers decided to pay the prisoner a fixed sum of 600
Frans as pension. On receiving the news, the prisoner told
them that he would go away on that condition but they
must undertake to pay it regularly. The prisioner received
one-third of his annuity in advance and left the king‟s
dominions.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 There were seven thousand people in the kingdom of
Monaco.
 There was a real kinglet.
 He collected revenue from the gaming house people
played roulette.
 There were taxes on tobacco, wine and spirit and a
poll-tax.
 A man committed a murder in Monaco.
 He was sentenced to death.
 But Monaco had no guillotine and executioner.
 So they sought the help of France.
 France demanded 16,000 francs to send.
 So the king sought the help of Italy.
 Italy demanded 12,000 francs.
 It was also too much.
 Then the criminal was given life imprisonment.
 A guard was needed to look after him.
 The man had to be fed.
 The yearly costs were 600 francs.
 It was too much. So the guard was dismissed.
 The criminal ate the food from the palace kitchen.
 He did not try to escape as his character was ruined.
 He was finally given yearly pension
 He remained in exile just outside of the country.
4. Mention one of the reasons for the soldiers' refusal to
execute the criminal in Too Dear.
5. Mention any one of the commodities that was taxed in
Monaco.
6. Whom does the council refer to as a „Brother Monarch‟
in „Too Dear‟?
FOUR MARKS
1. What made the king of Monaco alter his decisions in
dealing with the criminal?
2. Why did the authorities in Monaco fail to carry out the
death sentence?
3. How does the narrator describe the "Toy Kingdom' in
'Too Dear?
4. Why does the criminal in "Too Dear refuse to escape
from the prison? Explain
5. Mention the reasons stated by the prisoner in „Too Dear‟
for not going out of the prison.
6. Why was the murderer finally, subjected to life
imprisonment in „Too Dear‟?
7. Why was the criminal finally, offered pension in „Too
Dear‟? How did this offer benefit him?
„Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will
never cease to grow‟.

RECAPITULATION:

 Monaco- a tiny little kingdom

 Various taxes
 Gaming house- a special source of income
 Murder- the unusual incident
 Death sentence
 No guillotine or an expert
 King writes to France and Italy but proved costly
 Change of death sentence into life imprisonment
 600 francs annual maintenance
 The criminal does not want to leave
 Pension/one third of annuity in advance
 The criminal leaves

EXERCISE:

ONE MARK

1. Name the special source of revenue in the kingdom of

Monaco.
2. What business does the king of Monaco monopolize in
"Too dear"?
3. Mention one of the taxes imposed by the king of
Monaco.

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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 3
TOPIC: - ON CHILDREN
KAHLIL GIBRAN
SUMMARY
Your children are not your children.
They are the sons and daughters of Life’s longing for
itself.
They come through you but not from you,
And though they are with you yet they belong not to you.
The first line suggests a basic response in most of us
parents, who feel a biological, emotional, and spiritual
instinct to care for our children. We chose to have them. We
are carefully raising them, teaching them, loving them.
They do not “belong to” us. We don‟t own them. We may
have chosen (or not) to consider them, but we didn‟t choose
who they are. We are the means by which they came into
the world, but we did not design them. A force greater than
ourselves — God, nature, “Life‟s longing for itself,”
whatever you want to call it — is responsible for that.
You may give them your love but not your thoughts,
For they have their own thoughts.
You may house their bodies but not their souls,
For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow,
which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams.
Not only are my kids not mine, but also, let‟s think about
our own mortality. Ouch, again.Seriously, though, this is so
true. Kids come with their own unique identity, and their
own unique part to play in this world. We can‟t imagine
what likely lies within them, and we certainly can‟t imagine
what their world will be like in the future.
We can care for them and offer them what we can, but we
can‟t make them think like us or believe like us. And we
shouldn‟t want to because they will need different thoughts
and beliefs to navigate a world we can‟t foresee. They are
living in their own time, just as we are. And they were
created for their time, not ours.
You may strive to be like them,
but seek not to make them like you.
For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday.
Parents understand this concept of time better than
anybody. There‟s no finishing time, and there‟s certainly no
reversing it, no matter how much we might wish to do so.
Time marches forward, and we all move forward with it.
It‟s so tempting to want to make our mark on — or through
— our children, but they have their lives, and we have ours.
They have their own destinies to fulfill, and we have ours.
Our destinies are interwoven, but they are not the same.
You are the bows from which your children
as living arrows are sent forth.
The archer sees the mark upon the path of the infinite,
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and He bends you with His might
that His arrows may go swift and far.
I feel this bending now, as my oldest prepares to make her
way out from under my wing. Perhaps this is why parents
say parenting doesn‟t get easier. The closer we are to
sending our children out into the world, the further we
have to bend. We get stretched to our limit, and before we
know it, they are off. But the bending and stretching are
painful. I love this analogy illustrating that this pain has a
purpose.
Let your bending in the archer’s hand be for gladness;
For even as He loves the arrow that flies,
so He loves also the bow that is stable.
What a lovely reminder to find joy through the pain,
because we and our children are loved by the Heavenly.
And to be strong, because our firmness will help our
children to fly.
Our children. Our children who are unique, individual
human beings, with whom we are only together for a spell.
Our children who will help move the wheel of humanity a
few feet farther than we‟ll be able to see. Our children who
have their own destiny and their own purpose separate and
apart from our own.
Our children who are not really our children at all.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase
or a sentence each: -
1.What do the children have with them?
Ans: Desires and thoughts.
2. In On Children‟, „You may give them your love but
not your ----------------
a. Dreams b. thoughts c. gladness
Ans: (b).
3. What according to the speaker can parents not visit
in ‟On Children"?
Ans: The parents cannot visit Tomorrow.
4. How does the arrow move?
Ans: Swift and far
5. Who sees the mark upon the infinite?
Ans: God the archer.
6. Bending in the archer‟s hand be for ------------------
Ans:Gladness.
7. How does the life go on?
Ans. Life always goes forward and never backwards.
8. What does „living arrows‟ refer to in „On Children‟?
Ans.Children.
9. Who are referred to as ‟bows‟ and‟ arrows‟ in the
poem „On Children‟?
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

Ans. „Bows‟ are the parents and „Arrows‟ are the children.
10. Who is stable like the bow in „On Children‟?
Ans. Parents.
11. What shouldn‟t the parents give their children,
according to Khalil Gibran?
Ans. Their thoughts
12. What, according to the speaker, can parents not visit
in „On Children‟?
Ans.Mother Earth.
13. According to the Prophet, what may be given to the
children? March - 2015
Ans. The love of the parents.
14. According to the speaker of „On Children‟, the one
who loves both the arrow and the bow is ………….?
March – 2016
(a) The archer
(b) The parents
(c) The children
Ans. The Archer.
15. Whom does „Living arrows‟ refer to in the poem „On
Children‟? March - 2017
Ans. Children
16. What does the word „Wow‟ refer to in the poem „On
Children‟? March – 2018
Or
Whom does the word „Bows‟ refer to in „On Children‟?
March - 2020
Ans. Parents
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80 –
100 words each: -
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words: -
1. How should parents take care of their Children
according to the speaker in ‟On Children‟?
Or
How should parents raise their children according to the
speaker of „‟On Children‟?
Ans. The Poemhighlighting that parents do not own their
children and they cannot control the desires and thoughts of
the children. The poet feels that children should be freely
and lovingly allowed to grow into independent individuals.
Children too have their minds and their own thoughts.
Parents are the” bows” and the children are the” arrows”.
Our Creator God uses the stable bow to send the arrows to a
certain place. In other words, parents need to be good stable
role models for their children. Thus, the poet wants parents
to guide their children through love and not control them or
their thoughts.
2. What should be the attitude of the parents towards
their children, according to the prophet in the poem ‟On
Children‟?
Or
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According to the prophet, what attitude should parents
have towards their children?
Or
What attitude should parents have towards their
children, according to the prophet? March – 2018
Ans.The poet stresses that the children are the continuation
of life on earth, and should be freely and lovingly allowed
to grow into their individuality. The parents should love
their children without binding them with their own
thoughts. Children have their own set of thoughts. It is true
that parents protect the children‟s physical bodies but they
can never bind their souls which live in the house of
tomorrow. The parents‟ love could make them like their
children but should not make their children become like
themselves because every child has his own inner
personality. Thus, through this poem Khalil Gibran
conveys that children should be given love, care and
affection but thoughts should not be imposed upon them.
3. Why does the archer want his arrows to fly „swift
and far‟ in „On Children‟?
Ans. God is the Archer, parents are the bows and Children
are the arrows. The Archer wants His living arrows to
reach the target. He decides the target for His arrows by
using the parents as bows to shoot the arrows. If parents
give their love and not their thoughts, the living arrows
will reach the target as per the Divine plan. God, the
Supreme Power, uses parents as vehicle to bring children
to this earth. Children have their own thoughts and souls.
Therefore, parents cannot possess them as puppets.
4. How does Khalil Gibran describe the role of the
parents in the lives of their children in the poem „On
Children‟?
Ans.The poet feels that children should be allowed to
freely and lovingly grow into independent individuals.
Children too have their minds and their own thoughts.
Parents are the„bows‟ and the children are the „arrows‟.
Our Creator, God uses the stable bow to send the arrows to
a certain place. In other words, parents need to be good
stable role models for their children. Thus, the poet
emphasizes that parents should guide their children
through love and not control~ them or their thoughts.
5. How does the poet Khalil Gibran highlight the
responsibility of parents in the poem ‟On Children‟?
Ans.God is their Creator and the parents are the
instruments who continue creation on the earth. The poet
asks the parents to give the children their love and
affection but not their thoughts. They should be allowed
freely and lovingly to grow into individuals. Children
belong to the future and they are independent personalities.
The poet compares the parents to bows and children to
arrows and God, the Archer. God uses bows-parents--to
bring children-arrows into the world. Parents should be
gentle role models and guide the children and not force
them into doing something.
6. The poem "On Children" does not focus merely on
the lives of children but also talks about the
responsibility of parents. Explain. March – 2015
2nd PUC English
Ans.The poem "On Children" does not focus merely on the
lives of children but also talks about the responsibility of
parents. In the first part Gibran argues thatchildren take
birth as life‟s longing for itself. Since we do not create
children, we cannot possess them. However, Gibran argues
that parents do have a role in the life of children. He says
that we should give our children as much love as we can but
never our thoughts. The children must be let free to think
for themselves, and parents must not aim their ideas on
them. Next, Gibran talks about the responsibility of parents.
He states that God is the archer, and parents are his bows.
The archer decides on the target, bends the bow to suit his
target and shoots the arrows. The arrows are the children.
Thus the archer wants the parents to serve as his instrument.
If the bow remains rigid and inflexible, the arrows may not
reach the desired destination. Therefore, as parents, it is our
responsibility to be flexible enough to allow our children to
live their own lives.
7. How is the parent and children relationship brought
out in Kahlil Gibran‟s poem ‟On Children?
March - 2017
Or
Why did the poet believe that children are not your
children „but‟ ‟the sons and daughters of Life‟s longing
for itself” Explain?
Ans. Gibran assumes Almustafa and speaks to the people
with the intention ofenlightening them about „children' and
to guide them as to how they should bring up their children.
1. „Children‟ are born to fulfill the „longing‟ of life itself.
They are a gift from the richnessof existence. God, the
supreme power, uses parents as a vehicle or passage to
bring children to this earth. Since parents do not create
„life', parents do not own children. They may house. their
bodies but not their souls.
2. „Children‟ have their own souls and are not nonliving
things. Therefore, parents cannot possess them as puppets.
Life‟ s longing for itself brings forth children in the form
ofsons and daughters. Hence, our sons and daughters do not
belong to us though we have accepted them.
3. Parents bring children to this earth, they should also take
care of children as stewards‟ and protect them, take care of
their needs until they grow and mature and become fully
developed individuals. Parents should take care of their
needs only and should not impose their thoughts and ideas
on them.
8. Explain the views of the prophet On Children and
parents in the poem „On Children‟. March - 2019
Or
What are the views of the Prophet on children in the
poem „On Children‟?
Ans.According to the Prophet, a child is a gift from the
abundance of existence and it is eternal life‟ itself.
Children are born as sons and daughters as „life‟s longing
for itself‟. Parents do not create them and hence cannot
possess them. Parents serve as a „passage' or vehicle to
bring the children to this world. Further, children have
their own thoughts because they have the free will to do
as they please. Whereas parents belong to the yesterdays,
their children belong to the future. The children Will have
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their own scriptures and saints; hence parents should only
give them as much love as they can and not their thoughts.
Parents should not push their past as atradition on their
children but should let them grow according to their own
potential.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 The speaker says „your children are not your children‟.
 They are the sons and daughters of Life's longing.
 They come through the parents but not from them.
 Though they are with the parents, yet they do not
belong to them.
 The arrows are children and bows are parents.
 The parents can give their love but not their thoughts.
 Because the children have their own thoughts.
 The parents may house their bodies but not their souls.
 Their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow.
 The parents cannot visit in their dreams.
 The archer is God.
 The arrows are children and bows are parents.
 The bending is in the archer‟s hand.
 The archer loves the arrow that flies and the bow that
is stable.
RECAPITULATION:
 A woman requesting prophet to speak on children
 Children belong to life not to parents
 Parents can give love but not thoughts
 Parents may give shelter to bodies but not their souls
 Children‟s souls dwell in the house of tomorrow
 Bows- parents. Living arrows- children.
 God- the archer
 Archer loves both children and parent
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. What does the phrase 'the bow that is stable' refer to in
'On Children'?
2. Where according to the speaker of 'On Children' do the
souls of children dwell
3. What according to the speaker can parents not visit in
'On Children'?
4. In 'On Children', 'You may give them your love but not
your
a) Dreams b) Thoughts c) Gladness
5. In 'On Children', God loves the arrow that flies as well
as the bow that…………
a) Does not bend b) breaks. c) is stable
6. What does the phrase „Living Arrows‟ refer to in „On
Children‟?
FOUR MARKS
1. How should parents raise their children according to the
speaker of 'On Children'?
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

2. How is the parent-children relationship brought out

using the metaphor of bows and arrows in 'On children?
3. 'Your children are not your children' How is this
statement relevant with reference to 'On Children'? Explain

SIX MARKS

1. 'Your children are not your children.' How does the poet
illustrate this truth in the poem "On Children"?

“You educate a man; you educate a man. You

educate a woman; you educate a generation.”

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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 4
TOPIC: - EVERYTHING ……… FOREST
VANDANA SHIVA
SUMMARY
Chipko Movement
It was a nonviolent response to the large scale deforestation
in the Himalaya region. In the 1970s peasant women in the
Garhwal, Himalaya had come out in defense of the forests.
Vandana Shiva noticed a steady loss of forests in this
region. She decided to become a volunteer for the
movement.
Bio-diversity - Navadanya Farm / Navadanya
Movement
Chipko Movement taught Vandana Shiva about
biodiversity. She realized the importance of biodiversity
based living economies. She started Navadanya, the
movement for biodiversity conservation and organic farm in
1987. Vandana Shiva has worked with farmers to set up
more than 100 community seed banks across India. They
have saved more than 3000 varieties. This is a transition
from monocultures to bio-diverse ecological systems.
To demonstrate her experimentation, she started Navadanya
Farm in 1994 in the Doon Valley in the lower elevation
Himalayan region of Uttarakhand Province. They are now
able to conserve and grow 630 varieties of rice, 150
varieties of wheat and hundreds of other species. Thus they
practice and promote a biodiversity intensive form of
farming that produces more food and nutrition per acre.
Rights of Nature / Separatism - eco-apartheid
Vandana Shiva interestingly talks about how the UN
General Assembly organized a conference on harmony with
nature as part of Earth Day celebrations inspired by the
constitution of Ecuador and the Universal Declaration of
the Rights of Mother Earth initiated by Bolivia. This
emphasizes the significance attached to the mother earth
much against human domination over nature. She upholds
the view that human beings are an inseparable part of
nature. So, she feels that today, we do not need an apartheid
situation which once divided people based on colour. Our
challenge now is to overcome eco-apartheid based on
separateness of humans from nature.
The Dead Earth / Industrial Revolution - Capitalism -
Exploitation
This separateness paved way to industrial revolution
replacing vibrant earth and turning it into a dead matter.
This has further led to Capitalism and Consumerism which
exploit natural resources indiscriminately. Thus Terra
Madre (Mother Earth) was replaced by Terra Nullius (the
empty land / the dead earth).
The Earth University / Earth Democracy
The Earth University located at Navadanya biodiversity
farm is an inspiration from Rabindranath Tagore which
teaches Earth Democracy; to recognize, protect and respect
the rights of other species. It is a shift from
anthropocentricism (human centric) to ecocentrism (nature
centric).
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Forest and Freedom / Enoughness - principles of equity
The last section of this essay is adapted from “Forest and
Freedom” written by Vandana Shiva published in the May
/ June 2011 edition of “Resurgence”. This highlights
Tagore‟s view of forest as the source of beauty and joy of
art and aesthetics of harmony and perfection. The forest
teaches us union, compassion and Enoughness. It teaches
us enjoyment through renunciation and not through greed
of possession. Thus Vandana Shiva concludes that it is this
forest that can show us the way beyond this conflict.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. Vandana Shiva is a prominent environmental activist. In
these passages, she writes about how she came to realize
about our environment. She joined the „Chipko
Movement‟ to protest against large scale deforestation in
the Himalayanregion.
2. Peasant women from the Himalayan region were also
involved in deforestation on the mountains that had led to
landslides and floods, water and food scarcity and also
fire-wood scarcity.
3. They hugged trees as loggers try to cut them.
4. Vandana Shiva gother Ph.D. in 1973. Then she decided
to join Chipko Movement and did Padayatras to document
deforestation and to promote Chipko Movement.
5. During her involvement with Chipko, she learned about
bio-diversity and economy dependent on it, From
theexperience gained she started 'Navadanya Farm‟ for
demos and training. 630varieties of rice, 150 varieties of
wheat andhundreds of other species are conserved here.
6. Ecuador adopted'right to nature‟ in its constitution and
in April 21 U.N GeneralAssembly organized „harmony
with nature‟ as a part of earth day celebrations.
7. In his report „Harmony with nature‟ UN General
Secretary says that by destroying nature, we have failed to
recognize that humans are inseparable from nature and by
destroying nature, we destroy ourselves.
8. People from all over the world agitated against
Apartheid and stopped its practice.
9. The roots of exploitation of the earth is based in this
idea of separation.
10. The earth's resources were made into raw materials and
waste generated, pollute the earth.
11. Nature is the best teacher it teaches us to share and
save, the earth university „Navadhanya' trains people
aboutecology.
12. India‟s national poet Rabindranath Tagore started
Shantiniketan to impart learning in natural surroundings.
In his essay "Tapovan' he explains the importance of
nature in a human's life.
13. Forests teach us to live in harmony with nature.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase
or a sentence each: -
1. How did Vandana Shiva develop an interest in
ecology?
Ans: - Vandana Shiva learnt about ecology and ecosystems
from the forests of the Himalayas.
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

2. What is „Chipko movement‟? 18.Who were the participantsof the Earth University?
Or Ans: - Farmers, school children and people from across the
What is „Chipko Movement‟ according to Vandana world.
Shiva? March - 2017
Ans: - A nonviolent response to large scale deforestation. 19. Name the courses offered by the Earth University.
Ans: - TheA-Z of Organic farming and Gandhi and
3. What were the ill effects of logging of wood? Globalization.
Ans: - Landslides, floods, scarcity of water, fodder and fuel.
20.Name the essay written by Tagore.
4. What is a rhododendron? Ans: - Tapovan.
Ans: - An evergreen shrub with leathery leaves and bell
shaped flowers. 21.Diversity without unity becomes the source of conflict
and _______
5. How did Vandana Shiva spend her vacation? Ans: - Contest.
Ans: - Vandana Shiva spent her vacation doing pad yatras,
documenting the deforestation and work ofthe forest 22.According to Tagore, forest teaches us union and
activists and spreading the message of Chipko. ___________
Ans: - Compassion.
6. Which village did Bachni Devi belong to?
Ans: - Village ofAdwani. 23. Who is the author of „Tapovan‟ – as mentioned in
„Everything I need to know I learned in the forest‟?
7. What was the real value of forests, according to the March - 2015
women of the Himalayas? Ans: - Rabindranath Tagore
Ans: - Profit, resin and timber
24. Where is the Earth University mentioned by
8. What do the forests bear, according to the women of Vandana Shiva located?
the Himalayas? Ans: - At Navadanya Farm / Doon Valley
Ans: - Soil, waterand pure air.
25. What does the Earth University reach; according to
9.What is the movement for bio diversity conservation Vandana Shiva?
and organic farming? Ans: - Earth Democracy.
Ans: - Navadanya.
26. Name the movement which took place in the
10.Which country recognized the “Rightsof Nature” in Himalayan region to save trees.
its constitution? Ans: - Chipko Movement.
Ans: - Ecuador.
27. Where was „Navadanya Farm‟ started by Vandana
11.Name the country that universally declared the Shiva? March - 2020
Rights of Mother Earth. Ans: - In Doon Valley, Uttarakhand
Ans: - Bolivia.
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
12.Name the South African environmentalist who – 100 words each:
pointed out that apartheid means „separateness.‟ III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
Ans: - Cormac Cullinan.
1. How did women led by Bachini Devi put up resistance
13.Terra Nullius means ________. to felling of trees? Do you think it was effective?
Ans: - The empty land. Ans: - Bachini Devi, along with other women led a
resistance against her own husband, who was a forest
14.___________ and _____________ replaced a vibrant contractor. To show that these men were blind to the
Earth. destruction of nature, they held lighted lanterns in broad
Ans: - Raw materials and dead matter. daylight to open their eyes to make them realize that in
15.What does Terra Madre mean? destroying forests they were destroying themselves. Yes,
Ans: - Mother Earth. they were successful in agitation and made the authorities
realize their folly.
16.Who is known as the „Father of modern science‟?
Ans: - Francis Bacon 2. Why is it important to promote the biodiversity
intensive farming. How did the author achieve it?
17.Earth democracy is a shift from anthropocentrism Ans: - The author Vandana Shiva learnt about Biodiversity
to……………… in the Himalayan forests. She used this knowledge to
Ans: - Eco – centrism protect biodiversity of farms. She started saving seeds.

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To promote biodiversity she started the „Navadhanya Farm‟
in 1994 at Doon Valley Uttarakhand.
Through their efforts they have conserved 630 varieties of
rice, 150 varieties of wheat and hundreds of other species.
She also promoted organic farming in 1987. At the farm,
they trained farmers and also used for demonstration and
cultivation of more than 3000 varieties of rice.
Biodiversity has helped in growing more quantity and
nutritious food. It has helped in achieving food security.
Because of biodiversity hunger, starvation and malnutrition
have been reduced and as a result human has has improved
and many diseases caused by malnutrition are reduced.
3. What does the idea of the Earth University convey?
How is it different from other Universities?
Or
Write a note on Earth University mentioned in Vandana
Shiva‟s essay. March - 2016
Ans: - The earth University, Navadhanya conveys a
democracy, which is the freedom for all species to evolve
with the web of life, and the freedom and responsibility of
humans, as members of the earth family, to recognize,
protect and respect the rights of their species.
Since we all depend on the earth, earth democracy promotes
human right to food and water. The Earth University stands
apart from other universities because teaching does not take
place in a concrete building but in the natural surroundings
of the „Navadhanya‟ where participants work with seeds,
soil and the web of life.
The students are farmers, school children and other
interested people. The two most popular courses are „A to Z
of organic farming and Argo-Ecology‟ and „Gandhi and
Globalization‟.
4. “Conservation of diversity is crucial for substance of
both nature and human society.” Discuss. March - 2019
Or
„Conservation of biodiversity sustains both nature and
culture‟. Explain with reference to „Everything I need to
know I learned in the forest‟
Or
Describe the concept of Earth University by Vandana
Shiva. March – 2020
Ans: - “Conservation of diversity “is the answer to the food
and nutrition crisis”. Biodiversity conservation is very
important to sustain our growing population. By conserving
diversity, we can ensure the continuous supply of basic
needs of living beings like food, water, shelter etc. If it is
not conserved, a chain reaction of natural calamities will
occur. If we go on destroying our forest, soil erosion will
have happened and it can cause great damage to humans,
wild life and their properties.
Lack of forest cover will lead wild animals to the cities in
search of food and will lead to man-animal conflict. Forest
cover is important for causing range. rains bring water to
nurture forest and living beings. With enough water we can
grow enough food for our growing population.
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Organic farming is a method to conserve biodiversity and
for organic farming we need natural manure like cow dung,
decomposed vegetation etc. So to get these we have to
protect our cattle and the forests.
Organic farming promotes and increases in the number of
livestock and free manure. By organic farming there will be
less wastage of raw materials, less pollution and more
nutritious food can be grown and this will increase the
health of human beings and conserve our natural resources.
It will promote cooperation and peaceful coexistence of
human beings and all other creatures.
5. In the light of this essay how does one synthesize
wisdom of the past with the modern knowledge system?
Ans: - Science and Technology and agricultural knowledge
of ancient and modern times are being effectively used to
conserve biodiversity. And biodiversity provides enough
foods and fossils for our teeming population.
To conserve nature, every nation of this world has to start
cooperating with each other and should take drastic steps to
prevent curbing and destruction of natural resources like
forests, wild animals and human health.
6. What ideas of Tagore inspired the author to start the
Earth University? March - 2015
Ans: - Tagore says that India's best ideas have come from
the forests where man was in communion with trees and
rivers and lakes, away from the crowds. The peace of the
forest has helped the intellectual evolution of man and the
culture of the forest has fueled the culture of Indian society.
The culture that has arisen from the forest has been
influenced by the diverse processes of renewal of life,
which are always at play in the forest, varying from species
to species, from season to season, in sight and sound and
smell. The unifying principle of life in diversity, of
democratic pluralism, thus became the principle of Indian
civilization.
7. Write a note on Vandana Shiva's involvement in the
Chipko movement. March - 2017
Ans: - Vandana Shiva‟s involvement in the contemporary
ecology movement began with the Chipko movement which
was a non-violent response to the large-scale deforestation
that was taking place in the Himalayan region in the 1970s.
During this period, the peasant women from the Garhwal
Himalaya, having realized that the forests were the real
source of springs and streams, fodder and fuel, declared that
they would hug the trees, and the loggers would have to kill
them before cutting the trees. In 1973, when Vandana Shiva
went to the Himalaya to visit her favourite forests and swim
in her favourite stream, the forests were not there and the
stream had become a trickle. It was at this moment that she
decided to become a volunteer for. the Chipko movement.
She spent every vacation doing Padayatras, documenting
the deforestation, the work of the forest activists and
spreading the message of Chipko.
8. "The conservation of bio-diversity is the answer to the
food and nutrition crisis." Do you agree? March - 2017
2nd PUC
Ans: - Yes. The conservation ofbio-diversity is the right
step to help the people overcome the nutrition crisis because
bio-diversity works on the paradigm of Earth Democracy
and democratic pluralismwherein there is freedom for all
species to evolve within the web of life. As members of the
Earth family, it is the freedom and responsibility of humans
to recognize, protect and respect the rights of other species.
This way we bring into play the principle of equity. No
species in such an ecosystem appropriates the share of
another species and every species sustains itselfin co-
operation with others.
Secondly, bio- diversity sustains democratic pluralism
because there are diverse processes of renewal of life
always at play in natural eco-systems and they vary from
species to species and from season to season in sight, sound
and smell. All the species live in perfect harmony. Thus
bio-diversity paves the way for enrichment of the web of
life leading to abundance.
9. Write a brief not on „Chipko Movement‟ which took
place in the Himalayan region? March - 2018
Ans: - Chipko Movement is a non-violent movement
against cutting down trees in the Himalayan region.
Vandana Shiva was inspired by the songs about forests
taught by her mother in her childhood. She became a
Chipko volunteer and took part in a 'Padayatras' to make
people understand the importance of trees and forests. She
was happy when the village women hugged the trees to stop
the loggers from cutting them. She wrote articles on
ecology in newspapers and magazines to spread the
message of Chipko movement. Indiscriminate cutting of
trees led to landslides, floods and scarcity of water, fodder
and fuel. Vandana Shiva wanted people to understand the
value of forests and stop-cutting trees. Many women from
the Himalayan villages joined her movement and became
activists of the Chipko Movement.
10. What role does the forest play in Vandana Shiva's
life? Explain. March - 2019
Ans: - Vandana Shiva says that she learned her first lesson
in ecology and eco-system in the Himalayan forests which
she later put to practice in her farms. Her ideas about bio-
diversity and bio diversity based living economies
prompted her to begin the Navadanya movement for
biodiversity conservation and organic farming which she
started in 1987. Later, in 1994, she set up the Navadanya
farm in the Doon Valley where she claims to have
conserved and grown 630 varieties of rice, 150 varieties of
wheat and hundreds of other species. Based on these
practices she tells the reader that the forests teach us union
and compassion, principle of equity, and how to enjoy the
gifts of nature without exploitation and accumulation and
mutual co-operation.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 Vandana Shiva started her ecological journey in
theforests of the Himalayas.
 She joined the Chipko Movement.
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 She liked Bachini Devi who opposed her husband
to cut the trees.
 She used the methods of biodiversity on her farms.
 She started Navadanya Farm.
 The conservation of biodiversity became the
answer tothe food and nutrition crisis.
 She started the Earth University to teach Earth
Democracy.
 Earth Democracy is a shift from
anthropocentrism toecocentrism.
 Rabindranath Tagore writes an essay "Tapovan".
 Indian culture is with trees, rivers and lakes.
 The forest is the source of beauty and joy, of
harmony and perfection.
 The end of consumerism and accumulation is the
beginning of the joy of living
RECAPITULATION:
 Ecological journey from the forests of Himalaya
 Father-Forest conservator. Mother-a farmer
 Chipko movement-deforestation
 Logging-scarcity of water, fodder and fuel/women
affected
 Bachni Devi‟s fight
 Bio-diversity-intensive and organic farming
 Navadanya Farm 1994
 Rights of Nature- Ecuador, Bolivia and UN
 Earth- a dead matter-industrial revolution
 Earth University-Earth Democracy-freedom for species
 Tagore‟s ideals-trees, rivers and lakes source of
knowledge/thoughts
 Nature- source of beauty and joy
 Consumerism and accumulation
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. What does 'Terra Madre' mean in 'Everything I Need to
Know I Learned in theForest'?
2. What according to Vandana Shiva does Earth University
teach?
3. Name the author of 'Tapovan' as mentioned in
'Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest‟
4. Name the woman who led resistance against felling
trees in the village of Adwani.
5. What has replaced bio-diversity according to Vandana
Shiva?
6. Where according to Vandana Shiva did the dramatic
Chipko actions take place?
7. Mention any one of the things that replaced „A Vibrant
Earth‟ according to Vandana Shiva.
FOUR MARKS
1. How does Vandana Shiva describe the „Nava Danya
farm‟?
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

2. Write a note on „The Navadanya Farm' started by

Vandana Shiva.
3. Bring out the significance of the Rights of Nature as
explained by Vandana Shiva in her essay.
4. How according to Vandana Shiva does Tagore highlight
the importance of nature in his easy „Tapovan‟.
5. How does Vandana Shiva explain the significance of
„Right of Nature‟ recognized by Ecuador in her essay?

SIX MARKS

1. 'Conservation of biodiversity is crucial for the sustenance

of both nature andhuman society'. Discuss with reference to
Vandana Shiva's essay

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you

can use to change the world.”

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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 5
TOPIC: - A SUNNY MORNING
SERAFIN & JOAQUIN ALVAREZ QUINTER
STORY ANALYSIS
Meeting of Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura / Background
The play opens in the setting of a park where Dona Laura
enters the park with the help of her maid, Petra and finds
place to sit on a bench to feed the birds with breadcrumbs.
Meanwhile, Don Gonzalo also enters the park with his
servant, Juanito and hesitates to sit on other side of the
bench, which was already occupied by Dona Laura. He
even curses the priests for being occupied his bench on
which he usually sits in every sunny morning. He looks
negatively at every aspect of his life and goes on
complaining whereas Laura expresses her grievances when
others disturb her. In the beginning both of them are
reluctant at each other but soon they tried to understand
each other in the progress of their conversation.
Flashback / The past
Sharing a pinch of snuff between them softens their tone
into friendliness. Soon their conversation stumbles upon
reading books. This paves the way for the next level of their
story. Dona Laura reads a poem from a book given by Don
Gonzalo, which surprises them, that they were the lovers of
several decades before and now talking about themselves.
However, they do not want to disclose their true identities
since they have lost seen each other in early youth. So, they
spin fictitious stories where Laura identifies herself as a
friend of „The Silver Maiden‟ Laura Llorente while Don
Gonzalo identifies himself as the cousin of Don Gonzalo.
Their Love story - Dona Laura‟s version
Laura Llorente lived at Maricela in Valencia. She was
known as „The Silver Maiden‟ in her locality. Gonzalo
would pass by on his horseback every morning under
Laura‟s house window and would toss a bouquet of flowers
up to her balcony. In the afternoon, while he would return
by the same path and catch a bouquet of flowers that she
would toss him down. When Laura‟s parents wanted to
marry her to a merchant a duel was followed and the
merchant was badly wounded by Gonzalo. Don Gonzalo
fled away fearing of the consequences. Laura waited for
days and months and not hearing from him for a long time
she left her home one afternoon and went to the beach.
While she was engrossed in Don Gonzalo‟s thoughts she
was washed away by the waves.
Don Gonzalo‟s version
Don Gonzalo also tried to spin his version of a story about
his supposed cousin. Gonzalo also loved Laura intensely.
After injuring the merchant seriously, fearing the
consequences, he took refuge in Seville and Madrid. He
wrote many letters to her but her parents seized them. As
there was no reply, in despair, he joined the army and went
to Africa where he died in one of the trenches holding the
flag of Spain and muttering the name of his love, Laura.
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Conclusion / Reality
In reality, after two years of their separation, Laura
married someone and settled down in her life. Similarly,
Gonzalo disappointed over his lost love, three months later
he too married a ballet dancer and settled down in Paris.
Though, they were separated, in their hearts the yearning
for the romantic love continued. When they met in the
park after nearly 50 years both of them were able to recall
their intense romantic affair. Although they came to know
about each other in reality, they did not want to reveal, as
they had lost their charming youth. Thus the play “A
Sunny Morning entertains the audience.
SUMMARY
The play "A Sunny Morning" is a comedy of Madrid in one
act, by Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quintero. On a sunny
autumn morning in a quiet corner of a park in Madrid,
Dona Laura, a graceful, white-haired lady of about seventy,
is feeding pigeons in the park. Don Gonzalo, a gentleman
of seventy, gouty and impatient enters. Their
servants Petra, Dona Laura's maid and Juanito come and go
nearby.
The conversation between the two seventy year olds begin
sarcastically, with each accusing the other of encroaching
on their private space. Don Gonzalo complains the priests
have taken his bench, and says Dona Laura is a, "Senile old
lady! She ought to be at home knitting and counting her
beads." She finds him "an ill-natured old man!" He resigns
himself to "sit on the bench with the old lady."
A pinch of snuff helps to clear their heads, and they find
something in common with alternating sneezes of three
times each. Dona Laura confides to the audience, "the
snuff has made peace between us." They begin to banter
back and forth in a friendly manner. Then Don Gonzalo
reads out loud from a book of poems. They begin to
discuss Valencia and without acknowledging it to each
other, realize he and she are two lost lovers. He was a
native of Faencia and she spent several seasons at a nearby
villa. He remembers her as "The Silver Maiden," and they
discuss a duel involving his cousin. When the play ends,
they agree to meet at the park again, still not
acknowledging what they both know to be true."
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase
or a sentence each: -
1. How is Dona Laura able to read the poem without
her glasses?
i.She has a keen eyesight
ii.She struggles but manages to read the poem
iii.She knows every word by heart
iv.She is merely repeating what Gonzalo had earlier
read
Ans. She knows every word by heart
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

2. Why does Don Gonzalo sit next to Dona Laura in the 14. How did Gonzalo annoy Dona Laura?
park? Ans.Scaring the birds away.
i.He prefers to sit with her
ii.His legs are aching 15. What does Don Gonzalo expect a woman like Dona
iii.He did not get any other bench to sit Laura to do sitting at home?
iv.He owned the bench Ans.Knitting and counting beads.
Ans. iii. He did not get any other bench to sit.
16. How did Don Gonzalo greet Dona Laura?
3. Dona Laura does not reveal herself to Gonzalo Ans.By touching his hat.
because _________
i.She no longer loves him 17. What did Don Gonzalo use to brush the dust from
ii.Her appearance has changed a lot his shoes?
iii.He looks grotesque Ans.His Handkerchief
iv.None of these
Ans. ii. Her appearance has changed a lot 18. What establishes peace between Dona Laura and
Don Gonzalo?
4. Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura had to part ways Ans.A Pinch of snuff
because of __________
i.His marriage to another lady 19. Why did Gonzalo go to Aravaca?
ii.Her appearance has changed a lot Ans.To kill time and to hunt
iii.Her father‟s death
iv.Her fickle heart 20. Who was the gallant horseman in the play?
Ans. ii. Her appearance has changed a lot Or
Who is the „Gallant Lover‟ in the play „A Sunny
5. How does the play end? Morning‟? March - 2020
i.Gonzalo and Laura separate forever Ans.Don Gonzalo
ii.Gonzalo and Laura fail to recognize each other
iii.Gonzalo and Laura promise to meet again 21. What was Laura Llorente known in her locality?
iv.None of the above Ans.The Silver Maiden
Ans. iii. Gonzalo and Laura promise to meet again
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
6. Who occupied Gonzalo‟s usual bench? March - 2015 – 100 words each:
Ans. Three Priests occupied Gonzalo‟s usual bench. III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:

7. Whose name, according to Gonzalo, was his cousin 1. Why is Don Gonzalo ill-tempered at the beginning of
whispering at the time of his death? March - 2016 the play?
Ans. Laura‟s name Ans.Don Gonzalo is found to be in an ill-tempered state at
his first appearance itself. He is so irritated because he
8. Name the villa Laura Llorente lived in. March - 2017 finds that not even a single bench is vacant in the park.
Ans. Maricela Moreover, the one on which he used to sit is occupied by
three priests.
9. What did Dona Laura carry every day to feed the
pigeons in „A Sunny Moring‟? March - 2018 2. Would you agree that the snuff unites Gonzalo and
Ans. Bread Crumbs. Laura here? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans.Gonzalo shares the same bench on which Dona Laura
10. Who is the caretaker of Don Gonzalo in the play „A the old lady is sitting. Both of them annoy each other at
Sunny Morning‟? March - 2019 first. Laura is angry because Gonzalo scared her pigeons.
Ans. Juanito Gonzalo feels irritated as Laura is annoying him. Then
Gonzalo takes out his snuff box and offers a pinch of snuff
11. How did Laura feel coming to the park? to her. Both of them says that they will sneeze three times
Ans. Tired but glad after taking a pinch of snuff and finds it to be a strange
coincidence. This unites Laura and Gonzalo after the
12. Who accompanied Dona Laura or Who is Dona disagreement in the park.
Laura‟s Maid?
Ans. Petra 3. A number of Spanish writers are mentioned in the
play. Why?
13. What quality of the birds does Dona Laura Ans.In his conversation with Laura, Don Gonzalo reveals
appreciate? his admiration to the Spanish Romantic poets like
Ans. Gratefulness and paying attention Espronceda, Zorrilla, Becquer and the Spanish realist and
philosopher Ramón de Campoamor. The mentioning of
these Spanish writers‟ highlights Gonzalo‟s interest on
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2nd PUC
their works. It also throws light on the Spanish literary
heritage.
4. How does Dona Laura describe the story of her
death?
Ans. Dona Laura describes that her friend „Laura, the Silver
Maiden‟ awaited the news of her beloved for “days, months
and a year and no letter came.” Then one day she went to
the sea shore, wrote her lover‟s name on the sand and sat
down upon a rock. The tides rose to the rock and swept her
out to sea.
5. When does Dona Laura realize that Don Gonzalo is
her former lover?
Ans. On a sunny autumn morning in a quite corner of a park
in Madrid, Dona Laura, a graceful, white-haired lady of
about seventy, is feeding pigeons in the park. Don Gonzalo,
a gentleman of seventy, gouty and impatient enters. At first,
both of them accuse each other of encroaching on their
private space. But after having a snuff, both of them come
to terms with each other and start talking of their
hometowns and other things. Then Laura reveals that she
lived in a villa Maricela, near Valencia-one of the largest
cities in Spain. Gonzalo is startled to hear the name
“Maricela.” He then tells that he knows a girl who lived in
that villa in Maricela, who was perhaps the most beautiful
woman he has ever seen. He also reveals that the girl‟s
name was Laura Llorente. This revelation of Gonzalo helps
Laura to realize that he was her former lover.
6. What happened to Gonzalo and Laura after they
separated?
Ans. Gonzalo and Laura loved each other during their
youthful days. But the affair was not successful as they
were separated by fate. There was a quarrel between
Gonzalo and a suitor who was a merchant. The merchant
was badly wounded in the duel and Gonzalo had to conceal
himself for a few days. Later he fled from his hometown
to Seville and then to Madrid. Even though he tried to
communicate with Laura through letters, all attempts failed.
He then joined the army and went to Africa. According to
Don Gonzalo, his „cousin- the lover of Laura‟ met with a
glorious death in Africa. Laura waited for her beloved‟s
arrival for days, months and a year. But then one day she
went to the sea shore, wrote her lover‟s name on the sand
and sat down upon a rock. The tides rose to the rock and
swept her out to sea. This is narrated by both Gonzalo and
Laura respectively. But in reality after three months
Gonzalo ran off to Paris with a ballet dancer and Laura on
the other hand, got married after two years.
7. Describe the circumstances leading to Gonzalo‟s
separation from Laura?
Ans. Gonzalo and Laura, the two former lovers had to
separate from each other. In her youthful days, Dona Laura
was known in her locality as „The Silver Maiden.‟ She was
fair as a lily, with jet black hair and black eyes. She was
like a dream. She was in love with Gonzalo, the gallant
lover. He used to pass by on horseback every morning
through the rose garden and tossed up a balcony of flowers
to her balcony which she caught. On his way back in the
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afternoon she would toss the flowers back to him. But
Laura‟s parents wanted to marry her off to a merchant
whom she disliked. One day there was a quarrel between
Gonzalo and the merchant, the suitor. The merchant was
badly wounded in the duel and Gonzalo had to conceal
himself for a few days. Later he fled from his hometown
to Seville and then to Madrid. Even though he tried to
communicate with Laura through letters, all attempts
failed. He then joined the army and went to Africa.
8. Precisely at what point of time, do you think, Laura
and Gonzalo begin to recognize each other?
Or March - 2019
Trace the incidents where Laura and Gonzalo secretly
guess about each other‟s identity on the play „A Sunny
Morning‟.
Ans. Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo become friends soon
after enjoying a pinch of snuff offered by Don Gonzalo.
While Don Gonzalo is reading a book aloud, he comes
across a few lines of Spain poet. Incidentally, he tells
Laura that it is from Campoamar's works. Then Dona
Laura expresses her sympathy for him as he finds difficult
to read the book with his big glasses. At this moment, Don
Gonzalo tells her that he is a great friend of many known
poets especially Campoamar and he has met him in
Valencia. Then he adds that he is a native of Valencia.
Dona Laura tells him that she also has spent several
seasons in her youth at the villa called Maricela, which is
not far from the city Valencia. The name Maricela
surprises Don Gonzalo and he goes on to tell her that he
has seen the most beautiful woman there. The moment he
tells her name Laura, both look at each other intently.
Precisely at this point they begin to recognize each other.
9. What were the circumstances that led Gonzalo to flee
Valencia?
Ans.The protagonists Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo loved
each other in their young. Every day in the morning, he
used to pass by on horseback down the rose path under the
Laura's window. While passing, Gonzalo used to toss up
her balcony a bouquet of flowers, later in the afternoon
while he was returning by the same path, he would catch
the flowers she would toss him. As days pass by, Laura's
parents thought of marrying her to well-known merchant
in their locality. One unfortunate night, while Gonzalo was
waiting under her window to hear her songs, the merchant
came there unexpectedly and insulted him. This led to a
quarrel and later turned into a duel. At the sunrise, the rich
merchant was severely wounded by him. The merchant
was highly regarded in the locality as he was rich man in
the city. Gonzalo became apprehensive of consequence
and he decided to conceal for a few days. Therefore, he
left the place as well his love
10. Did Laura and Gonzalo pine for each other after
they were separated by circumstances? Who is more
passionate? How do they react to each other now?
Ans. The young lovers, Laura and Gonzalo pine after they
separated. Soon after Gonzalo flees to Valencia, then he
joins the army in Africa and meets a glorious death on the
2nd PUC English
Warfield. At this, Laura mutters about the story which is
concocted cleverly by him and she pretends to sympathize
with him, saying that he must have been distressed by the
calamity. Taking it as a strong pinot, Gonzalo pretends
saying that it is indeed a calamity, but also tries to express
his resentment and presumes that on the contrary Laura
might have forgotten him and she must have spent days in
chasing butterflies in the garden without any regret. Dona
Laura protests saying no on his comment that it is a
woman's way. She narrates a story of her version that the
silver maiden awaited the news of Gonzalo for a year. As
she did not receive any letters from him and one day she
went to sea after sunset, wrote his name on the sand, sat on
a rock. Knowing the threnody of her the waves took her
into the sea. He mutters himself that it is a worse lie than
his. They mutter themselves that they got married after
breakup. From their conversation and reaction to each
other, we can conclude that Laura is more passionate as
understood by the way she narrates the end of her friend.
Now they are very friendly and sweet to each other without
unveil their true identity.
11. What makes Dona Laura assume that Don Gonzalo
is an ill-natured man?
Ans. Don Gonzalo is an old gentleman of seventy years old,
gouty and impatient. He is found to be in an ill-natured state
at his first appearance itself. When he enters the park, he
finds that the bench on which he used to sit is being
occupied by the three priests. So he gets irritation and
expresses his annoyance by remarking that the priests are
idling their time away instead of sitting in the church.
Juanito suggests that he could sit on the bench on which
Dona Laura is seated. But he tells him that he wants a bench
to himself. This instance shows that he is an ill-tempered
man. After having no alternatives, he decides to share the
bench. While, he comes towards the bench he scares the
birds away. To this, Laura gets annoy with him and criticize
his actions but Don Gonzalo replied her with impolite
manner. He seems to be quite rude when he replies to her.
The way he justifies his action shows her that he is indeed
an ill-natured person. Therefore, she assumes and questions
that why must people get so fussy and when they reach a
certain age.
12. Trace how irony is built in the play. Did you guess
the characters past even before they did so?
Ans. In the play A Sunny Morning, irony has been built
throughout the play. There are several instances of irony.
The protagonists in the play seem to be very old but their
mentality serves like young in humorous way. After settling
on her bench, Dona Laura sends Petra to chat with the
guard and makes fun of her. Later when he cleans his shoe
from his handkerchief, she mocks at him. Gonzalo starts
reading lines aloud from Campoamar's work, she again
teases his sight. These three instances make readers to
laugh. We could guess the characters that they are the old
lovers before they recognize each other. Gonzalo reads
aloud the lines that " all love is sad, but sad as it is" and "
twenty years pass. He returns. And each beholding the other
exclaims can it be that this is he? Heavens, is it she? These
lines are much relevant to this play and taken as dramatic
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irony and also give a hint that they got separated and their
love ended with sad. After long years, they are meeting
and unveiling their identity as Campoamar‟s lines. When
they unveil their identity, both start to conceal the
emotions by narrating concocted story of their end. Thus, a
careful reading of the play reveals that there is a
relationship between the old lady and the old gentleman.
13. Bring out the feelings of Laura and Gonzalo as they
leave the park. Is it different from what they felt about
each other in the beginning of the play?
Ans. In the beginning of the play, the protagonists enter the
park with their servants. The conversation between these
two seventy years old gets begun sarcastically with each
other accusing the other of encroaching on their private
space. Later they start to criticize their actions each other
as haters. However, their feelings towards each other in the
beginning of the play become more evident only when
Don Gonzalo walks towards her bench, he scares away all
the birds. So she warns him in rash, in return he arrogantly
replies which provokes her to make a personal comment
later as he does so. After a few heated exchanges between
them they take a pinch of snuff which makes them relief.
Soon after taking snuff they start conversation friendly. By
the end of the play, we find a total change in their attitudes
towards each other. In the course of their conversation they
discover that they were lovers once in their youthful days.
But neither of them is ready to disclose their identity.
However, the animosity that we witness in the beginning
of the play is no longer there when they are ready to
depart. Before taking leave of each other, they formally
thank each other for having met. Both think that it's been
great pleasure to meet and ensure that they are coming to
the park the next day. Both of them wave farewell and
leave the place as friends.
14. What do you think would have happened if they
had revealed their identity? Do you think they know
each other towards the end of the play?
Ans. Once Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura realize that they
are the same old young lovers of Maricela who were
separated in life by the fate, they make up fictitious stories
and conceal their identity. If they are revealed their
identity both of them would have been utterly shocked and
would have accused each other of deceiving the other.
They know that both of them had held the other in high
esteem and both of them had fallen deeply in love in their
past. They wonder when both realize that they are the
lovers of Maricela. They have changed a lot in their
appearance. Don Gonzalo has become seventy-year-old
and uses parasol and big glasses to read books. So called
beauty, the silver Maiden has also become old and her
appearance has changed too. That is why, Dona Laura
after listening to Don Gonzalo's praise of her beauty as
The Silver Maiden now feels ashamed to confess that she
is the old silver maiden of Maricela. Similarly, Don
Gonzalo knows that he is grotesque and so wishes to keep
his image as a gallant horseman who everyday passed
under her window by on horseback. Thus they think that it
would be better to conceal their identity rather than
complaining each other.
2nd PUC
15. How is the title „A sunny Morning‟ justifiable?
Discuss.
Or
Comment on the tilte „A Sunny Morning‟. March - 2020
Ans. A Sunny Morning is a short play, written by Quintero
brothers. It is a refreshingly new romantic comedy. It tells
the story of Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura, who are ardent
lovers at their young age. But their love is not a successful
one as they had to part from each other in life. They meet
each other in a park at Madrid during their old age. The
story is presented in a new pattern unlike the conventional
romantic stories.
The play begins in a sunny morning at a park, the entire
play occurs in an autumn sunny morning. Here the title,
sunny morning refers to the youthful of the day and weather
seems to be very pleasant and fresh. The main characters
are old age, in spite of this, the way they think is very much
similar to the young minds. In the beginning of the play she
mocks at Petra and tells to chat with her lover. Generally
old age people don't support and talk about love unlike
them. When Gonzalo enters to the park, they sarcastically
accuse each other like young people. This youthfulness
metaphorically refers to the title of the play.
16. What are the 'atrocious' lies that Laura and Gonzalo
make up about their lives after their separation?
Or
Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura outwit each other in
weaving stories about their own deaths. Elaborate.
March - 2015
Or
Narrate how, according to Dona Laura and Don
Gonzalo, the sad love affair of her friend and his cousin
ended.
Ans. During the conversation with Dona Laura, Don
Gonzalo gives a romantic description of the silver maiden.
Dona Laura realizes that the old man is none other than her
former lover Gonzalo. Then, bothof them together narrate
their romantic affair until they come to the end of their
story. Don Gonzalo rounds it off telling her that his cousin
had to hide himself for a few days and later to fly. At this
point Dona tells him that he seems to know the story well.
Don Gonzalo also tells her the same. Dona Laura tells him
that she heard the story from her friend. Don Gonzalo picks
up the same lie and tells her that he heard the story from his
cousin. Both of them are now convinced that they were the
former lovers of the romantic affair they had just
reconstructed. Dona Laura wants to probe further into the
affair. Therefore, she demands an explanation about
Gonzalo's vanishing from Valencia.
In reply, Don Gonzalo tells her that after staying hidden
indoors in Valencia for some time, his cousin went to
Seville and then came to Madrid, where he wrote letters to
Laura. But, since the letters were intercepted by her parents,
she did not get his letters at all and so she did not write back
to him. He tells her that Gonzalo, then in despair, believing
that he had lost his love for ever, joined the army, went to
Africa and there in a trench met a glorious death grasping
the flag of Spain and whispering the name of his beloved
Laura. Immediately, Dona also creates a story.
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She tells him that after waiting for a year for Gonzalo, she
went to the beach after sunset one evening. She wrote his
name on the sand, and then sat down on a rock, her gaze
fixed upon the horizon. Then the waves slowly crept up to
the rock, where the maiden was sitting and the high rising
tide rose with a boom and swept her out to sea. Thus ended
the sad love affair
17. 'The ways of providence are strange'. How is this
true in the case of Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura?
Explain.
Ans. A Sunny Morning' presents the story of two young
lovers who were once passionately attached to each other.
Their love would have endedin their marriage but they
were separated by a cruel blow of fate. Gonzalo was a
young man living in Valencia. Not far from his house there
was a villa near the sea, known as Maricela. There lived a
beautiful young lady Laura Lorente and everyone called
her „The Silver Maiden'. A romantic affair developed
between the two. Gonzalo used to pass by on horseback
every morning down the rose path under her window and
tossed up a bouquet of flowers to her balcony which she
would catch. Later, in the afternoon, when he returned by
the same path, he would catch the bouquet of flowers she
tossed him. However,the parents of Laura wanted to marry
her to a merchant against her wish. One night when
Gonzalo was waiting under her window her merchant-
suitor came there unexpectedly and insulted Gonzalo.
Soon, there resulted a duel (fight) in which Gonzalo
injured the merchant. Since the merchant was well known
in that locality, Gonzalo fled to Seville and then to Madrid.
Though, the lovers tried to contact each other through
letters, their letters were intercepted and they were
separated for ever.
However, the ways of fatebeing strange, both the lovers
Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo who are now in their 70's,
meet again in a retired corner of a parkin Madrid. Though
initially they make rude remarks abouteach other, they
gradually discover that they were the very same lovers of
their youth when they were living in Maricela in Valencia.
18. How effectively does Gonzalo narrate the story of
his cousin's love for Laura's friend? March - 2017
Ans. Narrating his storyas his cousin's, Dona Gonzalo said
that his cousin loved the Silver Maiden every morning, he
would pass on horseback, tossing up a bouquet of flowers.
She too, would toss them in the evening. Once, when
Gonzalo's cousin waited under her window to hear her
singing, a merchant, whom she was expected to marry,
appeared and insulted the cousin. There was aquarrel that
led to a duel. As a result, the merchant was badlywounded.
And so, his cousin had to conceal himself for a few days.
Fearing the consequences of a duel with a person highly
regarded in that locality, he had to take refuge in his house.
He went to Seville and, then, to Madrid. He wrote many
letters to Laura. None of the letters ever reached her, so
they went unanswered. He thought that he had lost his love
forever, joined the army, went to Africa and there in a
trench, met a glorious death, grasping the flag of Spain and
whispering the name of his beloved, Laura.
2nd PUC
19. Everything is fair in 'Love and war'. How do you
substantiate this statement relating to the attitudes of
Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo in the play 'A Sunny
Morning'? March – 2018
Ans. The play A Sunny Morning' is a romantic comedy
which blends both the elements of romance and comedy.
The play deals with the love story of Dona Laura and Don
Gonzalo and the dialogues of the play are humorous and
lively. The play begins in the park where Dona Laura and
Don Gonzalo meet when they are old. They both were
lovers when they were young. But now, both do not
recognize each other. Once, when they start talking, they
understand the reality but both do not want to reveal their
identities. One day when Dona Laura was feeding the
pigeons with bread crumbs, Don Gonzalo, the old man,
comes with his servant and sits on the same bench. Laura
gets angry with Gonzalo for frightening the birds. Both get
annoyed with each other. He starts reading poems from his
book. Then, he tells her that he belonged to Valencia, a city
in Spain. Laura is surprised and tells that she too spent her
youth there in a villa called Maricela.
When Gonzalo asks her if she remembered the name Laura,
she lies to him that she was a friend of Laura. They both
discuss the story of Laura's friend and Gonzalo's cousin
which was really their own story. Laura tells him that her
friend waited for her lover for many years and later was
married to a merchant. Gonzalo replies that his cousin
joined army and died as a soldier. In the play, we find that
both the central characters do not reveal their true identity.
They hope to meet every morning there. The play ends on a
positive note and we find a beautiful mix of romance and
comedy, last like a sunny morningcold and heat and depart
from park.
Here,we see that they do not acknowledgethe fact of being
old but lost lovers; rather theyprefer to think that they have
befooled eachother with their fictitious stories. Infact they
donot want to remember their past and they want to be
frozen in time in each other's memories, as they once were.
Their suchan attitude makes us to think that everything is
fair in love and war'.
20. Give instance to show Laura‟s witty remarks about
Gonzalo in the play „A Sunny Morning‟? March – 2020
Ans. Dona Laura a handsome, white haired lady of seventy,
refined in appearance her mental faculties unimpaired and
sits in a park feeding pigeons. Dona Laura sees an old,
grumpy man called Don Gonzalo. She makes fun of him in
different ways as an „ill natured man‟, „should have asked
permission to sit on bench‟ when he sits there. When
Gonzalo dusts his shoes she comments „do you use
handkerchief as shoe brush?‟ When Gonzalo takes out
glasses to read she comments „thought you were taking out
a telescope‟ and finally when he boasts about hunting
animals she says „kill time that is all you kill‟.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 On a sunny morning, Dona Laura was feeding
pigeonswith bread crumbs.
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 Laura and Gonzalo met there.
 He sat on the bench with the old lady.
 They accused each other for their private seat.
 A pinch of snuffhelped them to make peace
 They sneezed three times each.
 Then they began to chat in a friendly manner.
 They were old lovers.
 He remembered her as "The Silver Maiden".
 She did not like to marry a merchant.
 The merchant was badly wounded by Gonzalo.
 So Gonzalo went to Seville and then to Madrid.
 Then Gonzalo went to Paris with a ballet dancer.
 Laura got married after two years.
 They framed stories about their own death.
 Laura posed herself to be the friend of the real Laura.
 Gonzalo also posed as the cousin of the dead
Gonzalo.
RECAPITULATION:
Meeting between Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura
A sunny morning/Park in Madrid
Complain each other not friendly
A pinch of snuff brings peace
Fictitious story of „The silver maiden‟ and „gallant
lover‟
Meeting and exchanging flowers
Dual with the merchant/ the lover hides
Gonzalo writes letters but were intercepted
Gonzalo and Laura get separated
The gallant lover joins army- goes to Africa and dies
The silver maiden leaves her house- goes to beach-
swept away by waves
Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura hide their real identity
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. In the play 'A Sunny Morning'. 'The silver maiden'
refers to……..
a) Petra b) Dona Laura c)the ballet dancer.
2. Laura Llorente was known as.............. in her locality in
'A Sunny Morning'
a) Dream girl b) golden lady c) silver maiden
3. What establishes peace between Dona Laura and Don
Gonzalo?
4. What right does Dona Laura claim to have to criticize
Don Gonzalo?
5. Who was called "The Silver Maiden' in 'A Sunny
Morning?
6. What does Don Gonzalo offer to bring to the dark the
next day in „A Sunny Morning‟?
FOUR MARKS
1. What account does Don Gonzalo give Dona Laura about
his cousin's life after the duel?
2. What fictitious story did Gonzalo spin about himself to
hide his true identity?
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

3. How do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura accuse each other

at the beginning of the play 'A Sunny Morning‟?
4. Narrate how according to Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo
the sad love affair of her friend and his cousin ended.
5. Narrate the incidents that led to the separation of Laura
and Gonzalo in their youth.
6. What do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo accuse each other
of on meeting in the park? Describe.

SIX MARKS

1. 'A Sunny Morning' portrays the wit and humour through

Don Gonzalo andDona Laura's spontaneous reactions.
Explain.
2. "The ways of Providence are strange.' How is this true in
case of Don Gonzaloand Dona Laura?
3. Bring out the instances from the play 'A sunny morning'
to justify it as a blendof romance and comedy.
4. 'A Sunny Morning' revolves around concealing and
revealing Laura and Gonzalo's identity. Elaborate
5. „Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura out with each other in
weaving stories about their own death‟. Elucidate.
6. How does Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura. Justify the
conduct of their friend and cousin after they were
separated?

“Education is not the filling of a pail, but the

lighting of a fire.”

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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 6
TOPIC: - WHEN YOU ARE OLD
W.B. YEATS
ANALYSIS
When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
Paraphrase:Stanza-1
When you (my beloved) grow old and your hair turn grey,
and when you look sometimes near the fire sleepily, then
you should pick up this book that I am writing and read this
poem. This poem then would remind you how beautiful you
once used to be, and how soft and deep your eyes were
when you were young.
Explanation of difficult phrases: Nothing by the fire-
dozing as she sits near the fire in lonely winter
nights. Dream of- think of the past youthful day is in a
dreamy way. Soft looks your eyes had once- The poet's
beloved now has soft looks. Her eyes have an enchantment
about them. They lend to her face a look of charm and
sweetness. But they would not always remain so. In her old
age, she would only remember these soft looks with regret.
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
Paraphrase:Stanza-2
You will then remember that many men then loved you
because of your joyful beauty. They loved you for your
beauty, some with a true love, others safely. But then you
will also remember that one man loved your soul, and loved
you for the sadness of your looks.
Explanation of difficult phrases: Glad grace- During her
youth, his beloved has a grace and a beauty that arises out
of the joy living. Her youthfulness lends a charm to all her
movements. How many…grace- This is to be connected
with the idea given earlier-the beloved in her old are,
remembering her days of youth. The poet tells her how she
would then remember her old lovers, who are no more.
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
Paraphrase:Stanza-3
Then, as you bend down near the glowing fire in the grate,
you will murmur to yourself that love has left you , and has
hidden itself far away , in lofty mountains and in starry
skies.
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Explanation of difficult phrases: A bending down-His
beloved in her old age, would bend down. The glowing
bars- the iron bars in the fire-place are glowing hot
because of the fire burning in it. And bending love fled-
The poet imagines that in her old age his beloved would
feel that love has left the world, and lives now in the stars
and the mountains. In other words, she will feel the
loneliness of old age, when all lovers will forsake her.
Paced upon-walked upon. And paced---Overhead-Love
no longer lives on earth, but upon lofty mountain
peaks. And hid---Stars-Love, which visits us, in our youth
for a while, rises up to the stars and becomes one with
them.
SUMMARY
In this poem the poet narrates how his beloved Maud
Gonne would grow old with the passage of time. Her
liveliness and youthful energy would vanish and she would
pass the time dozing by the fireside as old people want to
do. She would perhaps pick up the volume of the
poet’s Collected Poems, and slowly go through the verses
wherein the poet has declared his love for her and admired
her graces and charms. She would be reminded of the
loveliness of her eyes that she once possessed and of their
deep shadows. At that time, she might think that many
young people loved her for her beauty and youth, but there
was only one whose love was sincere and genuine and it
was certainly the poet himself. The poet loved her not for
her physical beauty only, but also loved for her soul. It was
the poet among all others who could feel for her and love
her because sorrow and suffering were depicted on her
face.
The perusal of the poet’s love poems would set his beloved
thinking longingly of the past. She would then realize the
worth and importance of the poet’s love. With the
realization she would mutter to herself with anguish that
he was no more alive. He was dead and gone and his soul
must either be hovering among the mountains or it must
have become part of the galaxy of the stars overhead.
The poem presents a portrait of decaying and dying youth
and beauty. The poet has referred to it time and again quite
passionately all through his poetic career. Maud Gonne,
his beloved, was a proud and headstrong girl. The poem
sounds a note of warning to her. The idea is that if she
does not reciprocate his love, which is not merely physical,
but spiritual too, she would have to repent for her folly in
her old age. Her youth and beauty would wither and vanish
one day, and lovers who hover round her, lured by her
bloom, would desert her one by one. Then she would smart
with a sense of remorseful agony for the cruelty and
callousness towards the poet. The poet intends forewarn
her.
The poem has been written in three stanzas, each
containing four lines. The rhyming pattern is very different
and steady written in iambic pentameter, the first stanza is
a b b a; the second is c d c d; the third is e f e f.
2nd PUC
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase or
a sentence each: -
1. How is the journey from youth to old age described in
the poem?
Ans. The poet describes the period of youth as prized with
physical charms, attractive eyes, pleasant feeling of love
etc., while as it describes the old age in terms of grey hairs,
drowsiness, sorrow, and desolation.
2. What does the phrase full of sleep mean?
Ans. The phrase ‘full of sleep’ has a symbolic meaning
which means old age. It indicates the natural drowsiness
that comes in human beings as one grows old and
approaches death
3. How is the poet‟s love different from those who also
loved his beloved?
Ans. The poet’s love stands different from those of the
other lovers. Others loved his beloved for her soft looks,
charming eyes, and physical beauty. The poet loved his
beloved for her pilgrim soul and inner beauty. His love was
spiritual, while as others was sensual.
4. What is Maud Gonne reminded of in the poem?
Ans. Maud Gonne is reminded of her youthful days when
she was charming and energetic. She is also reminded of
her only true love who would love her for her pilgrim soul.
Others love was short-lived while as the poet’s love was
persistent.
5. „But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you‟ Explain.
Ans. The line describes that there was only one lover who
loved Maud Gonne truly. He loved her for her inner beauty
which did remain intact for the whole life. His love
continued even when she becomes old and ugly while as
those whose love was false distanced themselves when her
physical charms lived its days.
7. What images does the poet use in the poem?
Ans. The poet uses following images in the poem: grey
hair, full of sleep, nodding by the fire, deep shadows of
eyes, sorrow of changing face, glowing bars etc.
8. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
Ans. The poem is written in iambic pentameter with the
rhyme scheme ABBA CDDC EFFE which gives a steady
rhythm to the poem.
9. What does the poem infer about the power of poetry
and the written word?
Ans.The poem infers that poetry lasts and remains as a
constant reminder of what was. The speaker suggests that
poetry has the ability to contain a man’s life in its lines and,
in turn, to ensure that the life never dies.
10. The term “glad grace” is an example of what literary
device?
Ans.The repetition of the ‘g’ sound suggests that it is an
example of alliteration.
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11. In what ways is the soul, to the speaker, a
“pilgrim”?
Ans.The soul of the spoken to is on a pilgrimage through
life. It is in a state of constant movement and experience,
with its ultimate destination, through death, being heaven.
12. By having love flee to join the “crowd of stars”
overhead, what is the speaker suggesting is its role in
life?
Ans.Love is described as having a role of protector and
guidance through life for the pilgrim soul.
13. What does the speaker want his beloved to do
sitting by the fire in „When you are old‟?
March – 2015
Ans. To read the book of memories and remember her
past, sitting by the fire.
14. „Pilgrim Soul‟ means the soul March – 2020
(a) which is immortal
(b) that has gone On a Pilgrimage
(c) which is in quest of true love
Ans. (c) which is in quest of true love.
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each: -
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. Whose love in „When you are old‟ is true and
intense? Explain. March - 2016
Ans. It is the Poet's love that is entirely different from the
love exhibited by the other suitors. He admits that there are
many suitors trying to court her but he knows for sure that
their love for her is not genuine and sincere. He believes
that they only love the elegance and beauty of her youth
which is transient. On the other hand, the poet likes her
inner self. He calls it her pilgrim soul. They will find her
worth loving only when she is young and beautiful. But as
she grows older, and her face shrunks, depicting the
differences and sorrows faced by her, he will still continue
to love her with all her sorrows as well. He does so
because he is in love with her inner self and not merely
with her physical beauty.
2. How does the speaker distinguish his love from that
of others in the poem „When you are old‟?
March – 2017
Ans.The speaker distinguishes his love from that of others
by resorting to the depiction of contrast between physical
beauty and inner beauty. When his beloved was young and
beautiful many suitors were after her-praising her external
beauty without caring for her feelings. Their love was
transitory whereas the speaker loved her pilgrim soul. He
was the onlyone who cared for her, reciprocating (sharing)
her feelings, her likes and dislikes. He loved even
thesorrows of her changing face. Here, he has presented a
real contrast between love and infatuation.
3. „True love is related to soul but not to the physical
beauty‟. How is this idea brought out in the poem
„When you are old‟?
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

Ans.‘When You Are Old', is a love poem written by W. B.
Yeats. The poet addresses the lady, he loved in his youth.
When she grows old, she will be sitting by the fire side and
reading the book of poems written by him. Reading the
book, she will remember her past, her beauty and the many
men who admired her. While all the men loved her for her
beauty, he loved her soul and her soul searches for
something meaningful. She will feel sad that love has
vanished along with him. He loved her for her internal
beauty. His true love is permanent though her beauty has
waned over the years.
4. How is the speaker‟s passionate love for his beloved
brought out in the poem „When you are old‟?
March – 2019
Ans.The poet asks his love, who is still young, to imagine a
time when she is past her prime youth. She would then be
an old woman with gray hair and sleepy eyes. When she is
in such a state, he wants her to read a book of memories
from her youth. As the woman sits beside the fire, nodding
her head and leafs through her memories, she would
recollect the 'soft looks' she once had and the sorrows she
had suffered until then. When she recalls her faded beauty
she would also recall how she was admired by many suitors
who were infatuated with her physical charms. At the same
time, she would also recall how there was one man who
loved her unique soul which was in search of true love. She
would also realize that her true love having lingeredon for a
while, disappeared from the earth and hid himself amidst a
crowd of stars in heaven.
1. Mention any one of the aspects that the speaker loved in
his beloved in 'WhenYou Are Old'.
2. What does the speaker want his beloved to dream of in
'When You Are Old'?
3. What does the speaker want his beloved to do when she
is old in 'When You Are Old'?
FOUR MARKS
1. How does the speaker distinguish his love from that of
the others in the poem 'When You Are Old'?
2. What does the speaker visualize about his beloved in
'When You Are Old'? Explain.
3. How does the speaker contrast his love with that of the
other in 'When You Are Old'?
SIX MARKS
1. The speaker addresses a young lady in her old age.'
Comment on the timesequence used by the poet in 'When
you Are Old'
2. ‘But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you’. How does
the speaker justify this in ‘When you Are Old'?
“A well-educated mind will always have more
questions than answers”.

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:

 The speaker had madly fallen in love.

 But his beloved never responded to his love.
 One day she would become old and her hair would
turngrey.
 She would lose the soft look of her deep eyes.
 She would feel drowsy and tired all the time.
 She would sit by the fireplace sleeping and warming
herself.
 He wanted her to read his book of poems.
 The others loved her physical beauty.
 But he loved her pilgrim soul.
 The poet's sad soul would hide itself behind the stars.

RECAPITULATION:

The speaker addressing his beloved

Asks her to read the book when she becomes old
Asks her to dream of her soft looks
Others loved her physical beauty
The speaker loves her pilgrim soul
He loved her joys and sorrows
She sits by the glowing bars
Murmuring about how love fled

EXERCISE:

ONE MARK

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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 7
TOPIC: - THE GARDENER
P. LANKESH
SUMMARY
This is very clearly shown in the way in which the two
main characters -Tammanna and Basavaiah appear envious
of each other to such a great extent that they are ready to
survive at the cost of the other person.
An old man walks miles together in search of a job, not that
he couldn't get one, but he wanted to be far away from
known people. Added to it, this acted as an ambulatory
exercise for him. He reached a garden and noticed that
many things were not well organized. So, he felt that it was
necessary to bring in a lot of reforms. He met the owner and
with just a few words exchanged, he was provided with the
job. One he became the gardener, all the petty thefts came
to an end and the owner was able to make a lot of profit and
he felt that the gardener had been doing his job perfectly.
But with his, there was an additional danger, and that was
the way in which the owner started misusing the profit he
made. He took up all bad practices, and this worried his
wife quite a lot. So, she felt that the old man could provide
a solution to all her problems, and went to him. He then
realized that the woman had come for the same specific
reason and he told her that whatever is done, the owner will
never mind himself unless his wife teaches him a lesson and
thus happened as a continuation of the similar situation he
and his rival Basavaiah had been in.
It so happened that Tammanna and Basavaiah, who were in
a particular village had started acquiring land to such a
great extent that almost the entire village belonged to either
of them. When Basavaiah learned that Tammanna had
1000 acres of land and he had 800, he sent a word to
Tammanna asking him to sell the 200 acres.
One day Tammanna realized that it was very difficult to
continue in the same way and thought that it would be good
to destroy his viral completely. So, he decided to humiliate
him in such a way that he could never counteract. He
started composing ballads and all these ballads described
how Basavaiah had started taking revenge against
Tammanna. When Basavaiah could not try to be on par with
his rival, he nearly confiscated all of the property that
belonged to Tammanna. Even then, nothing great
happened. So, he organized small functions and where great
poets from nearby lands would be called and asked to recite
the poems that they had written. This was to show that he
acted as a patron of arts and somewhere this was
deliberately done as he could not have the books of
Tammanna at his house.
When the news spread that Tammanna was ill, Basavaiah
rejoiced. But later on, Basavaiah dies, and this comes as a
great death blow to Tammanna. Instead of being happy
now, he is terribly disturbed because he doesn't know what
to do, as the very purpose of his life had been defeated. So,
he felt that in the process of taking revenge against his rival,
he has avenged himself.
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In order to get away from all these problems, he decided to
leave that place and settle down in some other place where
he could help people in one way or the other, and it is
basically due to this reason that he lands himself in the
owner's garden trying to act as a gardener. His rich
experience is bound to help people around him, provided
they are ready to listen to his advice.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase
or a sentence each: -
1. What was stuck under the arm of the old man in the
lesson The Gardner?
Ans: Newspaper
2. The owner's life was particularly upset about which
vice of the owner?
Ans: The owner's wife was worried about his adultery.
3. Mention one of the means suggested to Tammanna
through which he would get back his land from
Basavaiah?
Ans: To go to the court of law/ take recourse to the police/
attack on Basavaiah.
4. What was the most important possession of
Tammanna?
Ans: His rival Sangojiwas the most important possession
of Tammanna.
5. What was the healthy competition between
Basavaiah and Tammanna?
Ans: The healthy competition between Basavaiah and
Tammanna was in buying lands of the village.
6. How many acres did Basavaiah acquire forcibly
from Tammanna?
Ans: Basavaiah acquired two hundred acresforcibly
fromTammanna.
7. What idea did Tammanna get to annihilate
(defeat)Basavaiah completely?
Ans: Tammanna gets an idea to compose his experiences
in the form of songs and ballads.
8. What were the themes of Tammanna's songs and
ballads?
Ans: Tammanna's songs and ballads made a mention of
Basavaiah’s cruelty and meanness.
9. What become raison-d'etre of Tammanna's life?
Ans: Art became the raison-d'etre of Tammanna's life.
10. Whom did Basavaiah invite to his palace?
Ans: Basavaiah invited scholars, poets and musicians to
his place.
11. How much of Tammanna's land did Basavaiah
acquire forcibly?
Or
2nd PUC
How much of Tammanna’s land did Basavaiah forcibly
acquire at first? March - 2017
Ans: Basavaiah acquired 200 acres of Tammanna's land
forcibly.
12. What was Tammanna's idea to compete against
Basavaiah?
Ans: The idea of composing ballads and singing them.
13. In the lesson 'The Gardener', the old man changed
the name of Tammanna's rival from …………. to
Basavaiah.
Ans: Sangoji.
14. When did Tammanna forget all his songs and
ballads? March - 2015
Ans: After Basavaiah’s death, Tammanna forgot all his
songs and ballads.
15. Whom did Basavaiah consider as his most important
possession in ‘The Gardener’? March - 2016
Ans: Tammanna
16. How was Basavaiah’s rival in ‘The Gardener’?
March - 2018
Ans: Tammanna
17. How many acres of land did Basavaiah encroach?
March - 2019
Ans: 200 acres of land.
18. Who was felicitated as the best poet of his times ‘The
Gradener’? March - 2020
Ans: Tammanna
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each:
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. Give an account of the things done by Basavaiah, to
prove himself better than Tammanna.
Ans. As Tammanna had started proving himself better than
Basavaiah through his ballads, Basavaiah started
encroaching more and more into Tammanna's land which
he did not even notice or give importance to. Basavaiah,
thus, shrank in humiliation. He started filling his life with
all kinds of material wealth. He got a palatial mansion built
for himself. He appointed a number of persons just to praise
him. He bedecked himself with gold, diamonds and other
precious stones. But yet, he was told by the people that his
palace was dull without Tammanna's books. Hence, he
started inviting scholars, poets and musicians to his palace.
This was his way of investing his home with some meaning
and, thus, tried to prove himself better than Tammanna.
2. Why was Tammanna in search of a method that could
annihilate Basavaiah completely in 'The Gardener'?
Ans. Tammanna had one thousand acres of land and
Basavaiah had eight hundred. Basavaiah could not tolerate
this. He sent word to Tammanna asking him to sell two
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hundred acres. As expected, Tammanna did not agree. He
was ready to buy all the land belonging to Basavaiah.
Basavaiah went along with his people and acquired two
hundred acres of Tammanna's land forcibly. Tammanna
could not tolerate this invasion. When Tammanna could
not fight him back virtually, he thought of another method
to annihilate Basavaiah completely using his intellect.
3. How was Basavaiah humiliated by Tammanna and
what were the measures taken by him to overcome
this?
Ans. Tammanna tried to avenge Basavaiah by composing
ballads that spoke of Basavaiah's cruelty and manners and
singing them. Basavaiah tried to do the same and was not
successful. He built a palatial mansion for himself. He
bedecked himself with precious stones and appointed
many people just to praise him. He invited scholars, poets
and musicians to his house. But nothing helped him to
overcome this humiliation. Finally, he came to know
thatTammanna was ill and consoled himself that he had at
least surpassed Tammanna in having good health.
4. When does human life become boring and
reasonless, according to P. Lankesh?
Ans.According to the writer, though man has wealth,
education, art and many more things, he lives for some
kind of unbearable vengefulness. Humans have become so
wired to revenge and competition that without it life
becomes boring and reasonless. In the story "The
Gardener', the writer described the life of Basavaiah and
Tammanna to justify his argument. In the story, these two
persons were dead enemies. Both were in extreme
competition to defeat one another. At the end of the story,
Basavaiah passed away. At that time his rival Tammanna
felt that he had no more reasons to live, and finally he left
the village forever and felt that he had become non-
existent.
5. How does Tammanna take revenge on Basavaiah
through invisible means? March - 2015
Ans.When his supporters advised him to either go to the
court or seek the help of the police or ask some persons to
attack Basavaiah and take back his land forcibly,
Tammanna hit upon a unique idea of annihilating
Basavaiah through invisible means. He thought of getting
all his experiences composed in the form of ballads and
singing them before the public. When Tammanna started
singing ballads through which he told the people about
Basavaiah's cruelty and his meanness, he became very
popular. Many scholars of folklore and literary critics
translated his songs and earned their share of fame. All this
made Basavaiah shrink in shame. This way, Tammanna
took revenge on Basavaiah through invisible means.
6. How did Basavaiah try to surpass his rival in ‘The
Gardener’? March - 2016
Ans.When Tammanna came to know that the rivalry
between him and Basavaiah had reached its peak he hit
ona plan of annihilating Basavaiah completely. He got all
his bitter experiences with Basavaiah composed in the
form of ballads and started singing them before the people,
2nd PUC
announcing to everyone Basavaiah's cruelty and his
meanness. This way his reputation as an artist started
spreading fast. Basavaiah tried to surpass Tammanna's fame
by filling his life with all kinds of material wealth. He got a
palatial mansion built for himself, wore gold, diamond and
jewellery and other precious stones. He invited a host of
admirers in order to overshadow Tammanna, his rival. But
he was not successful.
7. ‘Without vengefulness, there would be no reason for
man’s existence’. How does ‘The Gardener’ bring this
out? March - 2016
Ans.In the beginning of the story 'The Gardener', there
appeared to be a healthy competition between Tammanna
and Basavaiah. Tammanna did not take Basavaiah as his
rival at all. Therefore, when Basavaiah acquired fifteen
admirers to outdo Tammanna's ten friends, it did not come
to Tammanna's notice at all. Tammanna did whatever he
wanted without bothering about Basavaiah. But Basavaiah
did not keep quiet. When he came to know that Tammanna
possessed one thousand acres of land. and he had only eight
hundred, he could not tolerate that. He sent words to
Tammanna, asking him to sell two hundred acres to him.
Tammanna did not agree. On the contrary he offered to buy
all the land that belonged to Basavaiah. Therefore, he went
along with his people and acquired two hundred acres of
Tammanna's land forcibly and got a fence built around it.
Tammanna could not tolerate that invasion. Later, when his
supporters suggested him that he could go to the court of
law or the police or use his Own people to attack him and
forcibly wrest his land from him, Tammanna did not accept
their suggestion. He probably thought that competing with
Basavaiah by physical means had no end to it. So, he
thought of putting an end to the unhealthy rivalry of
Basavaiah by taking recourse to something invisible. He
took recourse to singing ballads and telling the people
through them about the cruelty and the meanness of
Basavaiah.
8. How did the owner’s life style change after the arrival
of the old man in ‘The Gardener’? March – 2017
Or
How did the Owner’s life style change after the arrival
of the old man? March - 2020
Ans.The old man was very useful, well-versed in
agriculture and could understand the problems of the
workers. Afterhis arrival, the petty thefts in the garden came
to an end and the income from the garden improved
substantially.The farm which was originally ten acres, soon
expanded beyond the owner's expectations and this soon
resultedin a visible change in the life-style of the owner
who now kept away from hard work. He became lazy as the
oldman did all the work for him. The farm expanded but the
owner was happily spending his time and money onwrong
things. The owner's wife was worried about her husband's
adultery and vices. It was indeed, a matter ofanxiety
because life gradually got out of hand.
9. How did Basavaiah start filling his life with all kinds
of material wealth? March - 2018
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Ans.When Basavaiah saw how Tammanna was bringing
discredit to his reputation through his ballads and songs, he
became humiliated. To overcome his humiliation, he
decided to work more diligently on his agricultural land.
So he purchased more land. Then he built a palatial
mansion for himself and wore more gold and diamond
jewellery and filled his life with material possessions and a
host of admirers in order to overshadow. Tammanna and
overcome his feelings of humiliation. He also started
inviting scholars, poets and musicians to his home to
invest it with meaning but it was a futile attempt.
10. Write a note on the rivalry between Tammanna and
Basavaiah as explained in ‘The Gardener’?
March - 2019
Ans. In the beginning, there appeared to be a healthy
competition between Tammanna and Basavaiah
Tammanna did not take Basavaiah as his rival at all.
Therefore, when Basavaiah acquired fifteen admirersto
outdo Tammanna's ten friends, it did not come to
Tammanna's notice at all. Tammanna did whatever he
wanted without bothering about Basavaiah. But Basavaiah
did not keep quiet. When he came to know that Tammanna
possessed one thousand acres of land, and he had only
eight hundred, he could not tolerate this. He sent word to
Tammanna asking him to sell two hundred acres to him.
Tammanna did not agree. On the contrary, he offered to
buy all the land that belonged to Basavaiah.
Therefore,Basavaiah went along with his people and
acquired two hundred acres of Tammanna's land forcibly
and got a fence built around it. Tammanna could not
tolerate this invasion. Later, when his supporters suggested
to him that he could goto the court of law or the police or
use his own people to attack him and forcibly wrest his
land from him, Tammanna did not accept their suggestion.
Tammanna probably thought that competing with
Basavaiah by physical means has no end to it because it
depends on who is able to muster more muscle power.
Muscle power has its own limitations. Secondly, muscle
power needs the involvement of many more people apart
from Tammanna.
Moreover, as long as both of them were fighting by visible
means people will not know who was trying to compete
with whom. Until then, Basavaiah was the first one to
show to the people he had more land, more friends, more
wealth, etc. Tammanna never did anything to spite
Basavaiah. Whatever Tammanna did, was on his natural
inclination and not to spite Basavaiah. Therefore,
Tammanna realized the limitations of competing with
Basavaiah by physical means. That is why he thought of
putting an end to the unhealthy rivalry of Basavaiah by
taking recourse to something invisible. He took recourse to
singing ballads and telling the people through them about
the cruelty and the meanness of Basavaiah.
11. A manipulator like Tammanna turns reflective
towards the end of his life what does this tell us about
human nature?
Ans. When Tammanna fell ill, Tammanna heard this and
felt happy. He found the means of surpassing him. He
2nd PUC
considered health as wealth and his disease was
Basavaiah’s health. On contrary Tammanna decides to out
beat his enemy so he renounces everything and settled in
Chennarayapatana and contemplated his death. As long as
Tammanna was alive Basavaiah had a reason to live.
Basavaiah died because he had no reason to live. Until then
both Basavaiah and Tammanna indulged in rivalry to
satisfy their ego. Tammanna lost his identity and he became
a non-entity. This made Tammanna to reflect over human
nature and gave a reference to Russia's declaration to
America that America was not their enemy and would not
wage a war against America; it was only a strategy by the
writer to suggest that Tammanna and Basavaiah belong to a
postmodern society. A nation could withstand the strains.
But a human being could not.Tammanna lost all his
enthusiasm for life. Basavaiah's death that was pricking his
conscience transformed him to be a virtuous person and
motivated him to relate his own story to the owner's wife
and tried to caution her about her husband.
12. What advice did the supporters of Tammanna give
for getting his land back?
Ans. Tammanna gained the more land and he had one
thousand acres but Basavaiah could own eight hundred
only. So Basavaiah could not tolerate this. He sent word to
Tammanna asking him to sell two hundred acres.
Tammanna did not agree. He was prepared to buy all the
land that belonged to Basavaiah. Basavaiah was mad with
rage. He went along with his people and acquired two
hundred acres of Tammanna's land forcibly. A fence was
built around that land. Tammanna could not tolerate this
invasion. By now, the quarrel between these two had
sucked in all their supporters. Tammanna was advised by
his supporters about the various means to get back his land.
There was the court of law. One could also take recourse to
the police. If he did not want that, there were many numbers
of persons ready to attack Basavaiah. Such a war had
become virtually inevitable. But Tammanna was in search
of a method that could annihilate Basavaiah completely. He
hit upon the idea of composing all his experiences in the
form of ballads and singing them. Now the rivalry between
Tammanna and Basavaiah started moving away from things
that were visible, towards an invisible, abstract domain.
13. How did Basavaiah try to overcome his humiliation?
Ans.Tammanna was in search of a method that could
annihilate Basavaiah completely. He hit upon the idea of
composing all his experiences in the form of ballads and
singing them. It brought him immense name and fame
which humiliated Basavaiah tremendously. This was not
tolerated by Basavaiah. He shrunk in humiliation.
Nevertheless, he started filling his life with all kinds of
material wealth. He got a palatial mansion built for himself.
He appointed a number of persons just to praise him. He
bedecked himself with gold, diamonds and other precious
stones and started living in a palatial mansion. But the
visitors to his house insisted him to buy Tammanna's books.
Therefore, he started inviting scholar's poet and musicians
to his place to investing his home with meaning.
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KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 Tammanna came to the garden one day
 He was well-versed in agriculture.
 The income improved.
 The life-style of the owner was completely changed
 He became lethargic
 His wife felt fear for his adultery.
 His ten acre farm grew.
 His life was also gradually getting out of hand.
 He told a story to the wife of the owner.
 Tammanna was Basavaiah's rival.
 Tammanna had 1000 acres and Basavaiah had 800
acres.
 Basavaiah acquired two hundred acres forcibly.
 So Tammanna wanted to put an end to the rivalry.
 He started composing poems and singing them.
 The rivalry moved from the visible domain to the
invisible.
 Basavaiah encroached Tammanna's land.
 Tammanna was ill. His disease was Basavaiah’s
health.
 He thought of death to punish Basavaiah.
 After a few days he left, Basavaiah died.
 He had no more reason to live
 Man lives for unbearable vengefulness.
 He is so complicated until his death.
RECAPITULATION:
 It is about mystery of human relations
 Rivalry and its consequences
 Gardener- well versed in agriculture/intelligent
 Owner becoming lazy/wife worried
 Tammanna and Basavaiah’s rivalry
 Basavaiah encroaching Tammanna’s land
 Tammanna started composing and singing ballads
 Basavaiah amassed wealth
 Tammanna’s decision to die
 Tammanna’s repentece
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. Mention one of the means suggested to Tammanna
through which he would getback his land from Basavaiah.
2. What became the main reason of Tammanna's life in
The Gardener'?
3. What was the most important possession of Tammanna?
4. Whom did Tammanna consider as the most important
among all his possessions in 'The Gardener'?
5. Tammanna's disease was Basavaiah's …………………
a) Health b) Weakness c) Sorrow
6. When according to Tammanna did Basavaiah have no
more reason to live?
FOUR MARKS
1. Give an account of the strategies used by Tammanna to
destroy Basavaiah.
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

2. Trace the course of rivalry between Tammanna and

Basavaiah that moved away from visible domain to an
abstract domain.
3. Bring out the changes in the lifestyle of the owner after
the arrival of ‘The Gardener'
4. How does Tammanna take revenge on Basavaiah through
invisible means?
5. How did the owner's life change after the arrival of the
old man in 'The Gardener'? March - 2020
6. How did Basavaiah try to surpass Tammanna? Why
wasn’t he successful?
7. The Gardener’s arrival was the cause for anxiety of the
owner’s wife. Explain.

‘People learn more on their own rather than being

force fed’.

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2nd PUC English
CHAPTER: - 8
TOPIC: - TO THE FOOT FROM ITS CHILD
PABLO NERUDA
SUMMARY
In this poem „To the foot from its child‟ poet Pablo Neruda
has used „foot‟ as a metaphor to the trails and tribulations of
human life, his birth and his death, his dreams and realities.
The child „foot‟ when it is born, does not have the
awareness to be a Butterfly or an Apple.
But as the child grows up and faces the hardship of life like
walking on stones and bits of glasses, the ladders and the
paths in the rough earth, the foot realizes that it is merely a
foot and it cannot fly like butterfly nor it can be bulging
fruit on a branch.
Because the child‟s foot is hurt and injured while walking
and doing everyday work; it starts wearing a „Shoe‟ so the
„Foot‟ feels defeated and just like a fallen prisoner, is
condemned to live in a shoe. In the darkness of the shoe, it
soon begins to understand the world in its own way.
As the „foot‟ is enclosed in the darkness of the shoe, it can
only feel out like a bindman. It can only feel the hardships a
man has to face to survive in this harsh world. It is also
unable to see the other foot on a man‟s leg. Then age starts
catching up with the foot i.e., the child grown into a young
man, then he grows old and feeble.
The „Foot‟ which is enclosed in the darkness of shoe also
grows old. The soft nails of the baby foot grow harder and
change themselves into opaque substance, hard as a horn.
The tiny toes grow bunched and out of trim. They begin to
look like eyeless reptiles.
Later as the young foot grows older they grow callused,
they become rough and are covered with the scars of the
injuries which occurred during the man‟s struggle to
survive in this world. But this change is hard to accept.
Even though it is old now, the „foot‟ blindly and without
rest and sleep continues to walk. It continues to walk up and
down, through fields, mines, markets and ministries,
whether it is a man‟s foot or a woman‟s foot, the „foot‟
invariably has no time to stop or take off the shoe. It has no
time for love or sleep until when man decides to stop i.e.,
the man is dead.
Then the foot is buried underground unaware, because of
the darkness inside. Even though it is buried, the foot is
unaware that it has ceases to be a foot or if they were
burying it, so that it could fly like a butterfly or could
become an apple.
After a man dies his soul is free, but during his life time can
never choose to follow his dreams or aspirations, because to
survive he has to work hard and, the trials and tribulations
of this life.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase or
a sentence each: -
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1. What would the foot like to be?
Ans: The foot would like to be a butterfly or an apple.
2. What does time teach the child?
Ans: Time teaches the foot that it cannot fly and also
cannot be a fruit bulging on the branch of a tree.
3. Why does the child's foot feel defeated?
Ans: The child's foot feels defeated because the outside
world does not allow the child's foot to fulfill its dreams.
4. Which words convey the real experiences of the foot?
Ans: The words 'stones and bits of glass, streets, ladders,
and the paths in the rough earth' convey the real
experiences of the child's foot.
5. What does the line 'until the whole man chooses to
stop' mean?
Ans: The line, 'until the whole man chooses to stop' means
until the person dies
6. What did the foot find when it descended
underground?
Ans: When the foot descended underground it knows that
it did not know that it had ceased to be a foot.
7.What does the 'shoe' represent in the poem?
Ans: The shoe represents societal norms and traditions by
which one is bound or the framework given by society.
8. What would the foot like to be? March - 2015
Ans: The foot would like to be an apple or a butterfly.
9. Where is the defeated foot condemned to live
according to the speaker of 'To the foot from its child'?
March - 2016
Ans: In a shoe
10. What would like to be a butterfly or an apple in the
poem 'To the foot from its child'? March - 2017
Ans: Foot / Child's foot
11. What would the foot like to be in 'To the foot from
its child'? March - 2018
Ans:Butterfly or an apple
12. Mention any one of the places through which the
foot walks in 'To the foot from its child'?
March - 2019
Ans:Fields/ mines/ markets/ ministries
13. ‘…………. Condemned to live in a shoe’ suggests
that the foot is March - 2020
a) a prisoner
b) a criminal
c) forced to give up its’ dreams
Ans: a) a prisoner and c) forced to give up tts‟ dreams
2nd PUC
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each: -
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. Bring out the stages of hardships faced by the foot
after being confined in a shoe.
OR
Explain the various stages of hardships faced by the foot
after being confined in a shoe. March - 2015
Ans:As the child learns to walk and starts walking on
stones, bits of glass, streets, ladders and the rough surface
of the earth, the child's foot becomes aware of its role. It
learns that it is a foot and cannot become a butterfly bulging
fruit on a tree. Once it realizes that it is a foot, it is
defeatedin realizing its aspirations and gets imprisoned in a
shoe. Inside the shoe, it tries to understand theworld in its
own way, alone, like a blind man groping (feeling) in the
dark. During this period its soft nails ofquartz become
opaque, are bunched together, and look like eyeless reptiles
with triangular heads,grow callused and are covered with
faint volcanoes of death. These changes happen because,
oncethe child's foot becomes an adult's foot, it walks as the
foot of a man or woman and keeps walking in thefields as a
farmer, or as a grocer in the markets, or as aminer in the
mines or as a church minister or a government worker, until
its death. Thus, the foot experiences the hardships of life
and loses its 'soft' and flowery petal-like form.
2. Describe the different stages of transformation of the
foot after it is condemned to live in a shoe?
March - 2018
Ans: In the poem 'To the Foot from its Child', the foot
stands as a symbol for the body of a human being and the
child is a symbol for the soul. The child's foot does not
realise that it is a foot but wants to be a butterflyor anapple.
But soon, the foot faces a lot of difficulties once when the
individual starts walking. The harsh realities of life in the
form of stones, bits of glass, rough roads, ladders make the
foot understand that it cannot achieve its dream. Then, the
foot is confined in a shoe and feels defeated and
imprisoned. The tiny petaled toes grow inside the dark shoe
and become hard and rough. The foot knows no rest, walks
continuously through fields, markets, mines and ministries.
It becomes deformed and the person grows old and dies.
Throughout the life of a person, the foot leads life facing
challenges, not realizing its dreams.
3. Trace the stages of the foot's transformation as
portrayed in 'To the foot from its child'? March - 2019
OR
The poem "To the Foot from its Child' depicts the
progression from childhood through adulthood to old
age and finally, death. Discuss.
OR
The poem To the Foot from its Child' is a journey of
human life. Elucidate.
OR
Describe the various stages that the foot goes through
and what the foot learns and how it changes at each
stage.
OR
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Discuss how the journey of the child's foot is similar to
the journey of life.
Ans:In the poem "To the Foot from its Child', Pablo
Neruda expresses his view of life using themetaphor of
'foot. The poem begins with a description of the child's
naivety. The child's foot doesnot know that it is a foot. It
dreams of unlimited possibilities. It wants to become a
butterfly enjoyingunbridled freedom and enjoying the
pleasures of life symbolized by apple.
The poet expresses the experience of the child's foot when
it is exposed to reality in the real world. It walks over
stones, streets, ladders, bits of glass, paths in the rough
surface of earth. All these symbolically stand for obstacles,
problems, difficulties and hurdles that one encounters in
real life. When the child's foot faces these realities, it
attempts to fight them, and it becomes aware that it was in
an illusory world and it does not have infinite possibilities
in life but has to serve as a foot only. It is also convinced
that it cannot become a butterfly or an apple. The outside
forces capture him and he is imprisoned in a shoe. Now,
from that of an infant foot, it has grown to be an adult and
now the adult has been forced to live like any human
individual.
Then, we get a description of the changes that the child's
foot undergoes inside the shoe Its nice, soft, petal-like toes
lose their 'lustre' and the nails become harder, the toes
grow bunched andlook like eyeless reptiles, grow callused
and are covered with faint volcanoes of death. Inside the
shoe the adult foot is like a blind man groping in the dark.
This state depicts the helplessness of man when he faces
the harsh realities of life as a member of the society. He
slogs without respite and keeps on walking, until his death.
He works in fields, markets, mines and ministries either as
a man‟s or a woman's foot. He does not find time to enjoy
his rightful pleasures of life like 'love' and 'sleep. Finally,
the foot ceases to walk when the man dies. When he is
buried the foot goes underground. But now he does not
know that he is no longer a 'foot. In his consciousness he is
equal to the child's consciousness and hence he again
dreams of becoming a butterfly or an apple. Thus, the poet
depicts his view of life, tracing its characteristics through
different stages like infancy, reaching maturity, adulthood,
old age and finally death. Thus, the poem also brings out a
cyclical view of life - birth, infancy, maturity, adulthood,
old age, death and rebirth.
4. Examine how Neruda's poem works out the contrast
between colorful dreams and humdrum reality of life.
Ans:The poet uses 'foot' as a metaphor for the child and
describes the dreams and realities of life. The child in the
beginning is unaware that it is a foot and aspires to become
a butterfly or an apple. As it grows and starts walking,
facing the difficulties of life-walking on stones and the
paths on the rough earth' it realizes it cannot become a
butterfly or an apple, which signifies freedom. The child
when it walks on rough surface wears shoe to protect the
foot. The foot feels defeated and imprisoned inside the
shoe. It feels like a blind person in darkness. It wishes to
communicate with the other foot but unable to do so. As
2nd PUC English
change is natural, the 'foot' also grows young, then old and
feeble. After death, it is buried underground and it is
ignorant that there is darkness even in underground as it
gains the child-like innocence. It again dreams of becoming
an apple or a butterfly.
Man's spirit, dreams of enjoying unlimited freedom in this
world, but it has to pass through several obstacles before it
matures into an adult. He learns to face the humdrum
realities of life, remains a prisoner and keeps on working
until he dies. After death he loses all human awareness and
again dream of becoming a butterfly or an apple.
5. Neruda's poem is a salute to the ordinary human
being, who continues with life braving all odds? Do you
agree? Give reasons.
Ans:Yes, Neruda's poem is a salute to the ordinary human
being as he is the symbol of hard work. He is seen working
continuously to achieve his goal in life, and lead a
meaningful and complete life. The poet uses 'foot' as a
metaphor for his view of life. Life begins in infancy and in
the poem, life begins as an infant foot. The child's foot does
not know that it is a foot. It starts walking over stones bits
of glass. Streets, ladders and the rough surface of the earth.
It realizes it is only a “foot” and cannot become a fruit or a
butterfly. Since it has to serve the role of a foot it is
imprisoned in a shoe. The child's foot as it grows old,
serves as the foot of a man or a woman, working in the
fields or a woman working in the fields, market, mines,
ministries and work hard day and night until it dies. Thus,
the freedom of the childhood is lost when a person become
an adult facing a life of constant work and struggle.
6. Is Neruda criticizing how society crushes childhood
dreams and forces people into rigid moulds?
Ans:Yes, Neruda tries to criticize the society that is
crushing childhood dreams making them aware of their
limitations and thus transforming people into rigid
moulds.The poet uses 'foot' as a metaphor for his view of
life. Life begins in infancy and in the poem, life begins as
an infant foot. The child's foot does not know that it is a
foot. It starts walking over stones bits of glass on streets,
ladders and the rough surface of the earth. It realizes it is
only a “foot” and cannot become a fruit or a butterfly. Since
it has to serve the role of a foot it is imprisoned in a
shoe.The child's foot as it grows old, serves as the foot of a
man or a woman, working in the fields, a woman working
in the fields, market, mines, ministries and work hard day
and night until it dies. Thus, the freedom of the childhood is
lost when a person become an adult facing a life of constant
work and struggle. As a child one can think of infinite
possibilities, while as an adult, one becomes aware of their
limitations, The child's foot had more freedom than the
adult's The shoe' represents the framework given by the
society in the form of society norms and traditions, a man
has to abide by , thus enforcing people into rigid moulds.
7. What does the poem, ‘To the Foot from its child’
convey about life? March - 2020
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Ans: In this poem 'To the Foot From its Child', Pablo
Neruda conveys his views of life, through his description
of a foot.
The speaker in this poem describes the changes in a
person's foot from childhood to death. Neruda has chosen
the foot to represent man's body and the child represents
his soul. The foot wants to be an apple or a butterfly. But it
wakes up from these dreams and faces a life of constant
work and struggle. The foot walks without stopping. It is
defeated by the earth's roughness and gets imprisoned in a
shoe. The tiny pedaled toes grow inside the dark shoe and
become hard. The soft nails become rough like "eyeless
reptiles". The foot becomes deformed, coarsened and
robotic. It awaits its fate like the darkness of approaching
death. The person grows old and dies. The soul moves on
but the body (the foot) is buried and becomes a part of the
earth on which fruit trees grow. Through this poem, Pablo
Neruda conveys how life takes away people's free spirits
until they are freed again by death.
RECAPITULATION:
Foot- the symbol of the journey of life
Continuously toiling
The child‟s dream-butterfly or an apple
Hardships teaching the lesson of reality
Soft nails grow into hard opaque substance
Blind foot walks everywhere
Foot descending into underground
Death marks the end of journey
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. Name one of the things that the child's foot wants to be
in Neruda's poem.
2. What do the soft nails of quartz change themselves into
in "To the Foot from its Child'?
3. Where is the 'Child's foot' condemned to live?
FOUR MARKS
1. Bring out the stages of hardships faced by the foot after
being confined in a shoe.
SIX MARKS
1. The poem „To the Foot from its Child' is a journey of
human life. Elucidate.
2. Bring out the contrast between Illusion and reality in
„To the Foot from its Child'.
‘If you have a garden and a library, you have
everything you need’.
2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 9
TOPIC: - I BELIEVE………….DISAPPEAR
ROBERT ALFINO WITH JORGE LUIS BORGES
SUMMARY
This is basically in the form of an interview where two
men of literature get an opportunity to discuss various
issues related to life and literature. Borges is a short story
writer, an essayist, a poet and a translator. His famous
works include varied concepts like dreams, libraries,
mirrors, philosophy, religion, and God. As Alifano the
person who interviewed Borges knew well the areas of his
interest. He asked questions pertaining to the same.
Alifano wanted to know the first great literary work that
Borges had studied. As an answer to it, Borges explains his
father‟s library as he felt that the collection of books was so
huge that he could gain a comprehensive knowledge of
various subjects.
Borges appears to be very emotional when he describes his
mother. He recollects how she had been so huffed, on the
other hand, he could not reciprocate that affection and a
sense of guilt buried in him explodes during this
conversation. As a general observation, he tells that all
children are bound to take their mother for granted and will
realize her importance when she is no more with them.
When asked about blindness, he modestly admits that
initially, it was quite difficult for him because he had
reached a completely unknown world and many-a-times he
had to suffer embarrassment and humiliation
The entire episode is viewed in a philosophical way when
he tells people that all such negative aspects are given as
raw material and only a few of them can transmit them and
convert their miserable condition into an accomplishment.
He further feels that he has to enjoy that period of strive
and should also pretend that he is not blind and that is the
main reason he bought books and filled his library with
them.
Trying to interpret a dream in a way Borges did or does is
quite unique because, at the age of 83, a blind man is ready
to take up a challenge of trying to write a book on the
history of books is not every man‟s outlook. Trying to
explain the nature of a book or piece of literature, he
explains the same keeping the reader in mind. When a poet
has created something and he fails to make the reader
understand, then the entire process of creation is a futile
attempt. Poetry is a magical, mysterious and unexplainable
event but it is not something that cannot be comprehended
without m the involvement of the reader.
Quoting Emily Dickinson, “This quiet dust was gentlemen
and ladies”, he explains how the inclusion of two words
gentlemen and ladies in the place of men and women
creates magic and enhances the poetic quality. Further, he
speaks about metaphors and why they are very important
and an integral part of literature.
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Borges is very confident that never ever in the future,
books could/would be replaced by something else and the
reason he quotes should be agreeable to everyone. He
argues in a scientific way and feels that the other
inventions of man are just an extension of the physical
body. The telephone, an extension of our voice, telescope
and microscope extensions of sight, sword and plough the
extension of our hands, but it is only the book which is the
extension of imagination and memory both abstract
concepts which are not dependent on any external object.
Literature is a controlled dream and books are supposed to
be the memories of all centuries, therefore irreplaceable
and that is the main reason if books disappear, history
would disappear. Indirectly he gives a hint that man will
also disappear.
 “I Believe That the Books Will Never Disappear” is a
part of excerpts from “Twenty-Four Conversations with
Borges”, interviews of Jorge Luis Borges by Roberto
Alifano.
Jorge Luis Borges is an Argentine short story writer,
essayist, poet and translator. Here he talks about his early
years of reading, his family, his blindness, books, poetry,
metaphors and literature.
First Reading / on his mother
Borges proudly says that he was educated at his father‟s
library where he first read Grimm‟s Fairy Tales. His
mother, according to him, was an extraordinary person but
he regrets having not been understanding of her. Besides,
his mother was an intelligent and a gracious woman.
On blindness
Blindness to Borges is a way of life. He calls it a resource
and that all things have been given to us for a purpose.
Humiliations, our misfortunes, our embarrassments are
given to us as raw materials so that we may shape our art.
On reading - books
Borges says that he still buys books. In every book he
finds a need for something more. A book can be full of
errors, but the book always retains something sacred,
something mortal, something magical which brings
happiness.
On Poetry
He believes that poetry is something so intimate, so
essential that it cannot be defined without oversimplifying
it. Poetry is the aesthetic act. It is the poetic act that takes
place when the poet writes it and the reader reads it. Poetry
is a magical, mysterious and inexplicable event.
On metaphors
Metaphors exist from the beginning of time. He seems to
reduce all metaphors to five or six which are essential
metaphors. They are: time and a river; life and dreams;
death and sleep; stars and eyes; flowers and women.
On disappearance of books
Borges believes that modern developments in
communications cannot replace books and that the books
2nd PUC
will never disappear. He says that book is the most
astounding of many human inventions. All the others are
extensions of our body. Only the book is an extension of
our imagination and memory.
On literature
He says that Literature is a dream, a controlled dream. Our
past is a sequence of dreams. Books are the great memory
of all centuries. He concludes that if books disappear, surely
history would disappear, and surely man would disappear.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase or
a sentence each: -
1. What was the first literary reading of Borges?
Or
Which was Borges’s first literary reading in an
English Version? March - 2017
Ans: Grimm's Fairy Tales in an English Version.
2. Why do all children feel guilty when their mothers
die?
Ans: All the children take their mothers for granted when
they are around.
3. What is blindness to Borges?
Ans: It is a way of life.
4. Which library was burning in the dream of Borges?
Or
Which library does Borges visualize in his dream?
March – 2015
Or
Mention the name of the library which was attacked
by countless volumes of flames in the dream of Borges?
March – 2018
Ans: The library of Alexandria.
5. What does the book always retain even if it is full of
errors?
Ans: It retains something sacred and something mortal
something magical.
6. When does the poetic act takes place, according to
Borges?
Ans: When the poet writes poetry and a reader reads it.
7. When does the poet fail according to Borges?
Ans: When the reader doesn't feel the poetic event upon
reading it, it's a failure on the part of the poet.
8. What is Borges' belief about the task of the poet?
Ans: To discover metaphors.
9. Which is the most astounding invention of man
according to Borges? March - 2020
Ans: Invention of books.
10. What is considered as the extension of our voice?
Ans: The telephone.
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11. What is considered as the extension of our sight?
Ans: Telescope and microscope.
12. What is considered as the extension of our arms?
Ans: The sword and the plough.
13. What is considered as the extension of our
imagination and memory?
Ans: Books.
14. Whom does Borges consider as an"intelligent
andgracious woman"?
Or
Whom did Borges look upon as an intelligent and a
gracious woman? March - 2019
Ans: His mother–Dona Leonor.
15. Which is the example of precise words from the
poem by Emily Dickinson, according to Borges?
Ans: "This quiet dust was gentlemen and ladies"
16. When according to Borges, would history and man
disappear?
Ans: With the disappearance of the books.
17. Where was Luis Borges educated?
Ans: He was educated in his father's library.
18. When, according to Borges, would history and man
disappear? March - 2016
Ans: When books disappear / If books disappear.
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each:
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. What does Jorge Luis Borges say about poets and
metaphors?
Ans: According to Jorge Luis Borges, poetry is an
aesthetic act. It is not a group of words or symbols. The
poetic act takes place when the poet uses the right words in
the right place to bring out the feelings. A poet uses
metaphors to make his description effective. Metaphors
have existed from time immemorial. Borges says that a
poet must discover more and more effective metaphors
than that already exist. Borges tells us that poets should
use the old metaphors well as people across all cultures are
receptive to them. Poet is not just about discovering new
metaphors. He feels metaphors like time and river, life and
dreams, death and sleep make poetry magical and
mysterious.
2. Why does Jorge Luis Borges think that book is the
most astounding invention of man?
Ans: Borges, an Argentine writer and a scholar, is an
ardent admirer of books and likes to spend most of his
time either reading books or writing. Every book is sacred
to him. Borges believes that books will never disappear.
He feels that books are the most astounding invention. All
other inventions are used to help our parts of the body
whereas a book is an extension of our imagination and
2nd PUC
memory. He feels reading a book is dreaming and
remembering the past. Books play an important role in the
evolution of man. It is the best thing that could have
happened to the mankind.
3. What, according to Borges, is the important factor
that is necessary into the making of literary art?
Ans: According to Borges, there are many things which go
into the making of literary art, including poetry. The poet
has to use precise words to describe his emotions and what
he wishes to convey. Only then, can he touch the chords of
the reader's heart. The poet may be describing common
place ideas, but it is the use of certain words and phrases
which give it a magical and poetic quality and transform the
idea from a trivial to a mysterious and Divine form which
captures the reader's imagination. Borges quotes a
wonderful line in a poem by Emily Dickinson which is a
fine example to support his view on the importance of
finding precise words in the art of poetry. "This quiet dust
was gentlemen and ladies", conveys the idea that we will all
be dust one day which is a boring idea, but the use of the
phrase "gentlemen and ladies", gives it a poetic quality and
lifts it out of the ordinary and elevates it to a different and
sublime level of creativity. If she had written "men and
women", it would have failed as poetry; it would have been
very ordinary.
4. What are Borges's view on poetry?
Or
Discuss Borges's view on poetry and poem.
March – 2017
Or
Define Borge’s definition of poetry. March - 2020
Ans: Borges says that poetry is something so intimate, so
essential that it cannot be defined without over simplifying
it. It would be like attempting to describe the colour yellow,
love and fall of leaves in the autumn. He believes that
poetry is the aesthetic act; that poetry is not poem, for poem
may be nothing more than a series of symbols. Poetry is the
poetic act that takes place when the poet writes it, when the
reader reads it and it always happens in a slightly different
manner. According to Borges, poetry is magical, mysterious
and unexplainable although not incomprehensible. If one
does not feel the poetic event upon reading it, the poet has
failed.
5.According to Borges, poetry is an aesthetic art.
Explain.
Ans: In the opinion of Borges, a poem is a series of
symbols. The poetic act takes place when the poet writes it,
whenthe reader reads it, and it always happens in a slightly
different manner. Poetry is a magical, mysterious and an
unexplainable event. If this event is not felt, then, the poet
has failed to convey his message. He feels that poetry is
something which cannot be defined without
oversimplifying it. He gives an example of Emily
Dickinson's poem in which the words have magical and
poetic quality. Finding the precise words is important in the
art or Poetry.
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6. What values does Borges see in literature? Why is it
important for the future of mankind?
Ans: Literature has its own value in our life because it
describes what we are and what we have been and also
what we will be. Borges says that our past is nothing that
a sequence of dreams. He states that the books are the
great memory of all centuries. They are a bridge between
past, present and future. They transfer the information
from one period to another. Therefore, he feels that if the
book disappears, surely our history would disappear and
man would disappear. In order to keep ourselves alive in
future, we need to protect literature which mirrors ourlife.
7. Borges says that books will never disappear in spite
of modern modes of communication. Explain.
March – 2015
Or
In spite of modern modes of communication, Borges
believes that books will not disappear Illustrate.
Or
Why does Borges say that books will not disappear?
Ans: According to Borges, among the many inventions of
man, the book is undoubtedly the most astounding of all.
All others are extensions of our bodies. The telephone is
the extension of our voice, the telescope and the
microscope are extensions of our sight and the sword and
the plough are extensions of our arms. Only the book is an
extension of our imagination and memory. Modern modes
in communications have not developed anything to work
as a substitute for our imagination and memory.
8. How does Borges look upon his blindness? Explain
March – 2016
Ans: Though, Borges was blind, he took it positively. As
an artist, he used it as a raw material for his creative art.
He positively said that humiliations, misfortunes and
embarrassments are the stepping stones to achieve success
in life. His blindness was not an obstacle for him, and even
though he was blind, he used to buy books and worked on
them.
9. What are the views of Borges on blindness?
March – 2018
Ans: Borges accepted his blindness as a way of life. He
was not unhappy, believed that his blindness is a resource
and as an artist, he has used it as a raw material to shape
his art. In his opinion, we should accept our humiliations,
misfortunes and embarrassments and use them as raw
materials for our future growth and prosperity. In Borges
case, he prefers to believe that these raw materials help an
artist to feel more intensely and to transform the miserable
circumstances of our life into eternal works of art and
thereby overcome them.
10. Why does Borges say that the books will not
disappear in spite of modern modes of communication?
March – 2019
Ans: Borges was a great Argentine writer and a scholar.
He has written a lot of short stories, essays and poems. He
is an ardent admirer of books and likes to spend most of
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

his time either reading books or writing. Every bookis
sacred to him.
The interviewer Alifano asks him if books would
disappearas more and more technologicaldevices for
communications are invented and used by people. To this
Borges replies that he believes books willneverdisappear.
He says book is the most astounding invention. All other
inventions are used to helpour partsof the body whereas
book is an extension of our imagination and memory. He
feels reading a book is dreaming and remembering the past.
If books disappear, history and surelyman will disappear.
So he feels books will notdisappear.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 Borges was educated by his father's library
 His mother Dona Leonor was an extraordinary person.
 Borges became blind
 Blindness was a way of life and a resource
 He suffered humiliation and embarrassment.
 He wanted to write a history of book.
 Poetry is intimate and essential
 It is the aesthetic act.
 Book is the most astounding invention of man.
 Only the book is man's imagination and memory.
 Borges believes that books would never disappear.
 If books disappear, surely history and man
woulddisappear.
 Because books are the great memory of all centuries
 Time and river, life and dreams, death and sleep, stars
andeyes, flowers and women are the metaphors.
a) Sight b) Voice c) Arms
5. Borges looks upon blindness as a ………..
a) way of life
b) miserable circumstance
c) major handicap.
FOUR MARKS
1. Why does Borges say that the books will never
disappear in spite of modern modes of Communications?
2. Finding precise words is important in the art of poetry.
How does Borges justify this in his interview?
3. Why does Borges define poetry as intimate and essential
and that which cannot be defined without oversimplifying?
4. How does Borges describe his mother and his feelings
for her in his interview?
5. Why does Borges say blindness is a way of life and a
resource in „I Believe that books will never disappear‟?
6. Why according to Borges will books never disappear?
SIX MARKS
1. „Literature is a dream‟. How is this brought out by
Borges in „I Believe books will never disappear‟?
‘A scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not
fit to be deemed a scholar’.

RECAPITULATION:

 Luis Borges had a multifaceted personality

 Educated from father‟s library
 Great respect for mother
 Feels guilty for not giving the deserved happiness to her
 Blindness is a way of life
 Everything is given for a purpose
 Humiliations, misfortunes and embarrassments as raw
material
 Poetry an aesthetic act
 Poetry-magical, mysterious and unexplainable
 Books are the extension of our imagination and
memory

EXERCISE:

ONE MARK

1. Which according to Borges is the most astounding

invention of man?
Or
Which is the most astounding invention of man according
to Borges?
2. Which library does Borges visualize in his dream?
3. Whom does Borges look upon as an 'intelligent and
gracious woman'?
4. According to Borges the telescope is the extension of
our…….
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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 10
TOPIC: - HEAVEN, IF YOU ARE NOT ON
EARTH
KUVEMPU
SUMMARY
The poem 'Heaven if you are not on earth', originally
written by Kuvempu in Kannada has been translated by
C.Naganna. The entire poem is divided into 3 stanzas and
the first two lines appear to be distinct. The poet feels that
heaven cannot be anywhere else except on earth because it
is believed that heaven is supposed to be on a higher field
far away from earth & it is only the blessed who can reach
them. Added to it, nobody who has visited heaven has
come back to report the nature of it and it remains a
mystery. That is the main reason people are advised to do
good to reach heaven. The poet feels that heaven cannot be
anywhere else other than on earth. He continues with the
same idea & further feels that if we cannot be gods, then
there can be no gods & the same with heavenly nymphs
(Angles). He expresses this idea with a strong belief that
human beings are a combination of divine and demonly
qualities & the moment the divine qualities excel; he turns
to be almost to an angel. Beautiful description of nature is
presented. A river or stream rushes fast & reaches the sea
& loses its identity & the waves roll back as surf onto the
shore. The sunshine is quite tender & acceptable to nature
and this sunshine is spread throughout the green garden.
When we see a combination these beautifully working in
nature, them it is equated to heaven. The poet tries to
describe the joy of good harvest as experienced by the
farmers and when it is night, the presence of the moon
further tries to create heavenly atmosphere and this
beautiful nature as experienced by the poet is converted into
words and written in the form of a lyric or a poem and this
creature of literature is bound to create heaven on earth and
in this circumstance, the poet who creates heaven through
his poetry or song.
'Heaven if you are not on Earth' is a poem in translation
where Kannada’s national poet Kuvempu highlights nature
and describes how human beings with their behavior might
try to reach divinity.
The poet in an extraordinary way tries to proclaim that
heaven is supposed to be here on earth and not somewhere
far away and very lightly justifies it.
The gods according to the poet are supposed to be here on
Earth and he equates it to good behavior and concern of a
few people, rightly so with the heavenly nymphs too.
The poet describes nature and tries to concentrate on a few
divine aspects as per his analysis. He focuses on the
concept of a river trying to negate its existence while it
merges in the ocean or sea and how beautiful the entire
atmosphere is when the waves reach the shore forming a
surf. On the other hand, the tender sunshine is spread on
the greenery and this beautiful spectacle is equated to a
heavenly experience on earth.
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The poet in the last stanza tries to how the nature around
us appears to be very lovely and especially so during the
harvest time when the farmers rejoice as they have had a
very good yield and this enjoyment comes to life on a full
moon day and such a spectacle is equated to heaven. The
poet tries to imbibe and spill the essence of nature so that
the readers who are unable to enjoy nature the same way
as the poet does will get an opportunity to visualize nature
through the poet’s description. To conclude, the poet feels
that it is the poet through a beautiful narration of nature
has created heaven on this earth.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase
or a sentence each: -
1. Who creates heaven according to Kuvempu?
a. Man b. Poet c. God
Ans: (b) Poet
2. Where is the heaven found?
OR
When does the poet see heaven?
Ans: Heaven lies all over.
3. Where does the sunshine lean?
Ans: The sunshine leans on verdant gardens.
4. What are the creations of human mind?
Ans: All divine entities like god, heaven and nymphs are
the creation of human mind.
5. When according to the speaker can there be Gods in
Heaven, if you are not on Earth'?
Ans: Only if we become Gods.
6. Who areheavenly nymphs?
Ans: We ourselves the human beingsare the nymphs.
7. How is the stream presented in the poem?
Ans: The stream is roaring and rushing fast.
8. According to the poet we find heaven precisely in
…………………
a. Ourselves b. Nature c. Earth
Ans: (b) and (c)
9. What does heaven spill all around?
Ans: The heaven spills around the song of nectar.
10. How is sun described in the poet?
Ans: The sun is described as gentle.
11. Who creates heaven on earth? March - 2015
Ans:The poet creates heaven on earth
12. According to the poet Kuvempu, 'Heaven' is ............
March - 2017
(a) with in us
(b) on earth
(C) no where
Ans:(b) on earth
2nd PUC
13. According to the poet............... Makes this earth
heaven. March - 2018
(a) heavenly nymphs
(b) gods
(c) gentle sun
Ans:(c) gentle sun
14. 'In the splendour of harvest and of moonlight.
Heaven lies all over!' the phrase refers to ………….
March - 2019
(a) harvest and moonlight are no match to heaven
(b) splendour is only in heaven
(c) heaven can be seen in the harvest and moonlight
Ans:(c) heaven can be seen in the harvest and moonlight
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each:
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. How is nature presented in the poem, 'Heaven, If You
Are Not Here On Earth'?
Ans: The poet says that man can become god, nymph and
make this earth as heaven, only if he is in union with the
nature. The poet personifies the entities from the nature. He
hears the stream roaring, and sees the sunshine leaning. The
poet perhaps wants to attribute human qualities component
of human life. The poet continues to personify nature and
mentions how man in communion with nature is
responsible for heaven to be on earth. In the splendor of the
harvest and in the beauty of moonlight on the nature which
form important we can see heaven.
2. Describe the beauty in nature that makes the earth a
heavenly place?
Ans:The poet brings out his rationalistic outlook of heaven.
He suggests that one should perceive divinity and enjoy
heavenly bliss in the company of nature itself. Hence the
poet argues that we need not to seek heaven after death. We
can enjoy heavenly bliss in look at nature on this earth
itself. The poet tries to introduce us to the different forms of
heaven that exists on earth. The poet emphatically states
that the bliss that one experiences while looking at the
streams that are leaping down, roaring from the top of the
hills, the waves that come rolling across the sea carrying
surf at their edges, the tender rays of sunlight falling on the
the sprawling green garden and the gentle sun warming up
the earth make this earth a heavenly place.
3. Why does the poet feel that earth is more beautiful
than heaven?
Ans:According to the poet there is no heaven in reality, and
strongly believes that Heaven and earth are not separate
entities. The poet refers to our beliefs about 'God' and
'heavenly nymphs'. He expresses his conviction, that there
is no God and it is man himself who is God. He firmly
believes that we ourselves are the nymphs, and the nymphs
are to be nowhere else but on this earth only. Heaven and
God are merely of man's imaginations. He tries to tell us,
the different forms of heaven that exists on earth like the
green forests, the stream that leap down the hills, the waves
that roll across the sea, the moonlight and splendor of
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harvest appears more beautiful than imaginary descriptions
of man. Hence he suggests that one must enjoy the
pleasures of heaven looking at nature.
4. How does the poet break the myth of heaven in this
poem?
Ans:In this poem, Kuvempu urges us to understand the
power and beauty of nature which we see through our
eyes. The poet considers concepts like 'God', 'nymphs' and
'heaven' as myths are created by humans. In the poem, the
poet is quite radical in his approach that he is denying the
existence of gods which we adore. He strongly feels that
God resides in everybody and we ourselves are gods. He
believes that only humans as gods live on this heavenly
earth. For him heaven is not something beyond the
boundaries of this world, since earth itself possesses all
that the so called heaven promises. In order to break the
illusion of heaven in man's mind, he presents before us
charming sights of nature and argues that nothing can be
more heavenly than forms of nature which lie all over. In
the first two lines, he makes a direct address to nature and
declares that if heaven does not exist on the earth where
else can it be. He justifies his statement referring to the
streams that leap down roaring from the top of the hills,
the rolling surf at the edge of waves, the tender rays of
sunlight falling on the green garden, thus sun makes earth
a heaven.
5. How does the poem celebrate the power of the poet?
Ans:The poet tells the reader that the poets who enjoy
such heavenly sights imbibe the beauty of nature and spill
the nectar of heaven on earth and celebrates the joys of
heaven through his poetry. The poet tells that if at all there
exists an entity called heaven, it exists only on this earth.
The poet presents before the reader’s beautiful imageries
of nature. In the last stanza, the poet states that one
visualizes scenes of heaven lying all over in the splendour
of harvest and of moonlight. He concludes the poem
celebrating poetic talent. Poetry is the rhetoric act. Poet
brings beauty by using right poetic devices which surely
hypnotize the readers. Thus we have been enjoying
reading poems. There is a famous saying that poet sees
what can’t be seen by sun, it means poet has such a vision
that he can go beyond the capacity of sun. The poet can
only bring the heavenly world in front of the readers. Thus
poet tells that poet imbibes and spills the song of nectar
over the readers. The nectar itself makes the works eternal
and those works pleases the minds who read. Therefore,
the poet says that poet creates heaven on earth.
6. How according to the speaker can we create heaven
on earth in the poem ‘Heaven if you are not here on
earth’?
Or
How, according to the speaker, can we create heaven
on earth? March - 2015
Or
Human effort alone can create heaven on earth. How is
this brought out in ‘Heaven if you are not here on
earth’?
Or
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

‘Heaven can be created on Earth’, Justify with the FOUR MARKS

Poet’s point of view. March - 2020
Ans:In this poem, the poet Kuvempu stresses and warns his
readers gently that heaven is not somewhere in the skies but
here on this beautiful earth. He gently questions us, as a
poet, if heaven is not here on our earth where else it can be.
He wonders if we the human beings with all our traits of
humanism, compassion, love and forgivingness cannot be
Gods, who else can we think God is. He points us to watch
the beautiful streams rushing past and the rolling bubbles of
water can be seen and the soft sun lighting our green
gardens, especially, the radiant sun make, us feel that the
earth is heaven. He asks us to view heaven when the gentle
moon spills milky white light, during the full moon on the
heaps of grains harvested and think that heaven is here on
the earth. He tells us that a poet inspired by all this natural
beauty, writes beautiful poetry which are as sweet as nectar.
By writing such poetry the poet creates heaven on earth or
inspires us to think that earth is like heaven.
1. How according to the speaker does one find heaven on
earth in 'Heaven, if you are not on Earth'?
2. Describe how the poem, 'Heaven, if you are not on
Earth' visualizes heaven in nature.
3. Why does the speaker of 'Heaven, if you are not on
Earth' say that heaven is right here on earth?
4. ‘One’s life is how one looks at it, bring out the
significance of this with reference to the poem, 'Heaven, if
you are not on Earth'.
‘Instruction does much, but encouragement
everything’.

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:

 The speaker says that if heaven is not on earth, it is not

elsewhere.
 If the people themselves are not gods, there are no Gods
 If the people are not nymphs, they are no nymphs
 Murmuring stream, the surf at the end of the waves, the
tender sunshine in the green gardens and gentle sun-
allmake this earth heaven.
 Heaven is scattered everywhere in the form of harvest
and moonlight
 The poet drinks the nectar of song and creates real
heaven on earth.

RECAPITULATION:

 The theme of nature and beauty

 Transformation of human beings into gods
 Developing divine qualities
 Changing the earth into heaven
 Beautiful objects of nature-roaring stream, rolling surf
 Harvest and moonlight
 Poet creating heaven through sweet songs

EXERCISE:

ONE MARK

1. When according to the speaker can there be no Gods in

'Heaven, if you are noton Earth?
2. Who can create heaven on earth in 'Heaven if you are not
on Earth'?
3. According to the speaker of 'Heaven, if you are not on
Earth' heaven is…………….
a) On earth b) not on earth c) beyond earth.
4. ………….. does creates ‘Heaven if you are not on
Earth'?
a) Man b) poet c) God

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2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

CHAPTER: - 11 I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase

TOPIC: - JAPAN AND BRAZIL THROUGH A or a sentence each: -
TRAVELER’S EYE
GEORGE MIKES 1. What is the double function of courtesy?
SUMMARY Ans: It is courtesy and it is substitute privacy.

Japan and Brazil through a Traveler’s Eye' is a travelogue 2. What is the comparison which is used by the author
written by 'George Mikes'. In these passages the writer has, in the essay fora man's telephone receiver?
unintentionally, brought out the culture and mannerisms of Or
the people of Japan and Brazil in a funny way. What is a man’s telephone – receiver in the lesson
He decidedly comments that within fifteen minutes after ‘Japan and Brail through a Traveler’s Eye’?
you land in Japan, we are convinced that the Japanese are March - 2020
highly refined in their social manners; Even though Japan Ans: Castle
has a very large population and its cities are overcrowded,
every Japanese respects each other's privacy. The author 3. What is quainter, formal, oriental and infectious in
opines that Japanese conduct their confidential businesses Japan?
and matters of love and quarrel in perfect privacy. At a Ans:Bowing.
public telephone booth, because of the other Japanese, if
they listen to his conversation prefer to ignore it, respecting 4. What is extremely expensive in Brazil?
his privacy. Ans:Vehicles

The writer objectively informs us that every visitor can 5. What has more dangers than almost anything else in
notice the mania for 'bowing' well-mannered Japanese Japan?
gesture to show respect to one-another. Here everybody Ans:Eating soup.
'bows' to one-another to show their respect, and in a very
short time even a visitor to Japanese will be influenced to 6. What is the sign of appreciation while eating soup in
imitate their manners. It points out that 'bowing' has become Japan?
a 'Mania' to them. He, hilariously, narrates that even train Or
conductor walks into the middle of the coach and 'bows' What is the sign of appreciation in eating soup?
ceremoniously in both directions and then starts checking March – 2015
tickets of passengers. He also narrates a funny incident that Ans:Making a fearful noise.
even a 'deer' in a Japanese province of Nara bowed to him
before snatching the food packet, the author had brought 7. Whose life is becoming more hazardous every day in
with him to feed the deer. Even at a bus stop, people Japan?
respectfully bow to each other before pushing and elbowing Ans:The pedestrian's life.
each other to get into the bus. If invited to a dinner, the
guests have to slurp the soup noisily to show appreciation to 8. Which comparison is used by the author to refer to a
the hostess, else she will consider you ill-mannered. clash between the driver and a pedestrian?
Ans:Hunter and prey.
In the excerpt 'Traffic in Brazil' the writer brings out the
hustle and bustle of Brazil, chaotic traffic. Even though 9. What do the driver and pedestrian finally do after
Brazilian's are easy-going people, they transform into speed the chase in Brazil?
devils as soon asthey get behind the wheels of a car. Even Ans:Smile amicably at each other.
though motor cars arecostly in Brazil and most people can't
afford a car, the number of cars on Brazilian roads 10. Name the animal that bows at George Mikes in
hasincreased by leaps and bounds. 'Walking' on Brazilian Japan?
roads or crossing the roads has become extremely difficult. Or
The Brazilian drivers do not care for the lives of people Name the animal that bowed the George Mikes in
who walk. They do not care for the other drivers also. They Japan. March – 2016
compete with each other, overtake in all directions and Or
blow their horn at each other in a mad way. Crossing Which animal bowed to the author at Nara in
Brazilian road, without any injury must be considered ‘Japan and Brazil through a Traveler’s eye’?
lucky; you have to take risk. March – 2019
Ans:Deer.
He jokes that if you see a friend on the other side of the
road and shout at him asking him how he crossed the road, 11. Who are the drivers in Brazil on the look-out for?
he might be surprised at your stupid question and reply that Ans:Pedestrians
he did not cross the road but he was born there, implying
that the traffic on Brazilian roads was so dense and people 12. Whose life is becomingmore hazardous in Brazil
could not cross the road only after waiting for a very long every day according to George Mikes?
time. Ans:Pedestrian's life
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13. What, according to George Mikes, do the driver and
pedestrian finally do after the chase in Brazil?
Ans: Smile amicably at each other.
14. What is called as man's castle in Japan, according to
Mikes?
Ans: A man's telephone-receiver
15. What did the conductors do as soon as they entered
the train to check tickets in Japan?
Ans: They bowed in both directions.
16. What have the people of Brazil decorated the
pavements with?
Ans: Beautiful black mosaic tiles.
17. Which two cities are interlinked through the
Tokaidoline?
Ans: Tokyo and Osaka.
18. Who are the exquisitely well-mannered people in
George Mike’s travel writing?
Ans: Japanese
19. What was George Mike's observation about the
decoration of pavements in Brazil?
Ans: They were decorated with beautiful black mosaics.
20. Give anexample which shows that the Japanese are
well-mannered people.
Ans: They respect each other's privacy and bow to each
other.
21. Who are easy victims of prey for the drivers in
Brazil?
Ans: Pedestrians.
22. What are extremely expensive in Brazil?
March – 2017
Ans:Motor cars / Cars.
23. Why do Japanese make a fearful noise while eating
soup? March – 2018
Ans:As a sign of appreciation.
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each:
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. Explain how even animals like deer follow the quaint
custom of bowing in Japan, according to GeorgeMikes?
Ans: The people of Japan are famous for their mannerism.
They show respect to elders and strangers too by bowing.
George Mikes was surprised to find people of all ages
bowing to one another. He was all the more surprised when
he saw a deer in a place called Nara in Japan. He had a
packet of food in hand to offer to the animal. The deer came
up to him, looked into his eyes and bowed deeply. It was
not an accidental gesture. It was a proper and courteous
bow. It occurred to him that the animal had learnt the habit
of bowing after seeing people follow the custom very often.
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He also felt that it was something genetic that made the
deer bow to him. Then, it jumped at him and snatched the
food packet from his hand. This incident made him believe
that even animals follow such courtesy.
2. Explain with an example how Japanese respect
others' privacy.
Ans: In the lesson, Japan and Brazil through A Traveler’s
Eye', George Mikes describes the surprising level of
respect and privacy shown in Japan. He writes that, a
quarter of an hour in Japan, would convince any person
about their presence among the exquisitely well-mannered
people. People in Japan live on a hopelessly over crowded
island and so respecting each other's privacy becomes very
important. He considers the example of little red
telephones in the streets, halls of hotels, where the
instrument is situated on a table or on a counter, as they do
not have space to spare for booths. A person conducts his
most confidential business transactions, intimate love
quarrels in public, but in perfect privacy. Anybody could
easily listen-in but nobody does so in Japan. A man's
telephone receiver acts as his castle.
3. Bowing in Japan is quainter; more formal, more
oriental.' Explain with reference to Japan and Brazil
through a Traveler’s Eye'.
Ans: One can easily notice Japanese mania for bowing.
Everybody keeps bowing to everybody else. It is also
infections. We can make out that the Japanese have a
complicated hierarchy in bowing as who bows to whom,
how deeply and for how long. If two Japanese bow, neither
is to straighten up before the other stands erect in front of
him. It's complicated to us but they manage it without
difficulty. Within a family, they have basic rules-wife
bows to husband, child bows to his father, the sister bows
to all brothers of whatever age.
4. How do the people of Japan respect one another's
privacy even in a crowded place?
Ans: George Mikes in his essay Japan and Brazil through
Traveler’s Eye', states that the people of Japan are
extremely well-mannered people. They are very courteous
even to strangers. Red telephones are placed on a table or a
counter in crowded streets or hotel halls as there is no
space to spare for booths. Even in such crowded places,
people are allowed to use telephone peacefully. They are
able to discuss most confidential business transactions or
their love-quarrels in public as there is no disturbance to
their privacy. No passer-by would listen to a single word
of the conversation. A man's telephone receiver is his
castle and this courtesy is an amazing quality of the
Japanese.
5. Bring out the culture of the Japanese asexplained by
George Mikes. March – 2015
Ans: In his travelogue, George Mikes narrates four
anecdotes which will help any foreign visitor to understand
the cultural traits of the Japanese people. The author first
highlights how people's courtesy serves a double function
in Japan. He assertively states that a couple, with perfect
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

confidence, can carry on even their intimate love quarrels in
public, in perfect privacy, without being apprehensive of
any passerby overhearing them. Next, he talks about the
bowing mania of the Japanese people and how the Japanese
manage to show even the slightest differences in their
hierarchy with a great deal of natural and inimitable grace.
Then, he narrates how, the very same people who, a few
minutes ago had bowed to each other with such
ceremonious solemnity would behave like savages, push
each other aside, tread on each other's toes and elbow their
way into the bus. Finally, he talks about soup-eating in
Japan. He says that, according to the Japanese, when eating
soup one must make a fearful noise so as to express his
appreciation, otherwise the guest will be considered an ill-
mannered lout.
6. Give an account of the crawling traffic in Brazil as
mentioned by George Mikes. March – 2016
Ans: To give an account of the crawling traffic in Brazil,
George Mikes cites the examples of AvenidaPresidente
Vargas. The reader canjust imagine himself standing there
for hours and trying to cross the road without any
success,wondering how crawling traffic can proceed at such
a terrifying speed. He, then asks the reader to visualize a
scene where a man on his side of the road spots his friend
on the other side and asks him, how on earth, he managed
to get over there and gets reply that he was born on that
side.
7. What are the views of George Mikes about Japanese
'Mannerism of Bowing'? March – 2017
Or
Give an account of the complicated way of Bowing in
Japan. March – 2018
Or
Give an account of the Japanese mania for bowing as
described by George Mikes.
Or
What is unique about bowing in Japan? March – 2019
Or
Mention the hierarchy of Bowing in Japan. March -2020
Ans: One can easily notice Japanese mania for bowing.
Everybody keeps bowing to everybody else. It is also
infectious. We can make out that the Japanese have a
complicated hierarchy in bowing as who bows to whom,
how deeply and for how long. If two Japanese bow, neither
is to straighten up before the other stands erect in front of
him. One of the American states that an early traffic law
which laid down if two cars met at intersection, neither was
to move before the other stands erect in front of him. It's
complicated to us but they manage it without difficulty
Within a family, they have basic rules-wife bows to
husband, child bows to his father, the sister bows to all
brothers of whatever age.
 Making sound while eating soup
 Brazilians walk slowly
 Driving speedily
 Cars are expensive
 Life of pedestrians-difficult
 The drivers quarrel but no anger or hostility
 Depiction of positive and negative aspects
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. Whom according to George Mikes do the Japanese
stores employ?
2. What according to George Mikes is a sign of
appreciation when eating soup inJapan?
3. Who are the drivers in Brazil on the look-out for?
4. Whose life is becoming more hazardous in Brazil every
day according to Georg Mikes?
5. What according to George Mikes do the driver and
pedestrian finally do after the chase in Brazil?
FOUR MARKS
1. How does George Mikes describe bowing to be a
quainter and infectious trait of Japanese people?
2. How according to George Mikes do the bowing
gentlemen change into savages in Japan?
3. How does George Mikes bring out the humour in the
Japanese mannerism of bowing?
4. According to George Mikes, the people of Brazil are
both leisurely and speed- loving Explain.
5. Give an account of the Japanese mania for bowing as
described by George Mikes.
6. ‘Japanese follow a complicated hierarchy in bowing’.
Explain with reference to Japanese manners.
7. How according to the speaker do drivers behave in
Brazil as soon as they get steering wheels in their hands?
‘Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance
is to drop back’.

RECAPITULATION:

 A travelogue-a story of a travel

 People and culture of Japan and Brazil
 Privacy in Japan
 Bowing mania
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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 12
TOPIC: - THE VOTER
CHINUA ACHEBE
SUMMARY
Character List
Major Characters
1. Rufus Okeke (a.k.a. Roof)
2. Marcus Ibe (a.k.a. Honorable Minister)
Minor Characters
1. Roof's Mother
2. Maduka's main election campaigner
3. OgbuefiEzenwa
4. Maduka
5. Village people
In The Voter by Chinua Achebe we have the theme of
corruption, loyalty, guilt, power, greed and tradition. Taken
from his Girls at War and Other Stories collection the story
is narrated in the third person by an unnamed narrator and
after reading the story the reader realises that Achebe may
be exploring the theme of corruption. As a politician
Marcus has made sure that his life has improved in
comparison to those who live in Umuofia. He has built
himself a new home with running water yet his constituents
don’t have the same access to water as Marcus does.
Though it is not explicitly stated that Marcus has
inappropriately obtained his property the fact that he has
ready and easy access to large amounts of money suggests
that he may be corrupt. Also Roof on Marcus’ instructions
bribe some of the local elders in order to ensure that they
will vote for Marcus. At no stage in the story does Roof
advise the elders as to why they should vote for Marcus or
what benefit electing Marcus will be to the community. The
reality being that Roof is bribing the elders in order to
ensure that they vote for Marcus regardless of what Marcus
might and might not do for those in the village. Roof’s main
concern is not the elders or those in the community but
Marcus himself. There also seems to be no thought given by
the elders as to what the consequences of their actions
(voting for Marcus) might be. Just as Marcus and Roof are
corrupt so too are the local elders who are more concerned
with receiving payment for their vote than they are on
improving life in the village.
It may also be a case that Achebe is exploring the theme of
loyalty. Not only do the elders accept a bribe in return for
their loyalty to Marcus but Roof too accepts a bribe to
ensure that he will vote for Maduka. Even though he spends
the entirety of the story attempting to ensure that Marcus
will get re-elected Roof at the end shows Marcus no loyalty.
Having being swayed by the five pounds he has received in
order to vote for Maduka. Which in many ways is ironic as
there is a sense that even though Roof is working for
Marcus he cannot be trusted by Marcus. It is also possible
that Achebe is placing a spotlight on the way that elections
were held in Nigeria at the time the story was written. With
the possibility that corruption was commonplace.
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By bribing the elders of a village a politician was able to
ensure that they got elected. Where many would expect an
individual to be allowed to independently decide on who
they should vote for this is not the case in the story. With
constituents being instructed by the elders on which way to
vote.
It is also difficult to say for certain as to why Roof begins
to feel guilty about the prospect of voting for Maduka.
However, it is possible that Roof feels guilty because he is
loyal to Marcus and he knows that should Maduka become
elected his services will no longer be needed by Marcus.
The position he holds in the village will be lost and as such
he will no longer have the authority that he feels he has
over others. Any power that Roof does have will be gone.
He will no longer be able to benefit personally as he has
been able to do while Marcus has been elected. Just as
Marcus may lose any comforts he has obtained from his
corruption so too will Roof. There will be no need for the
elders to listen to Roof should Marcus lose the election as
there will no longer be any available funds to bribe the
elders with. The introduction of the iyi may also be
important as by introducing it into the story Achebe
appears to be exploring the theme of tradition. Roof is very
much afraid of the iyi and his actions at the polling station
may be triggered by his fear of the iyi and what may
happen him should he not fulfill his promise to vote for
Maduka.
The end of the story is also interesting if not ironic. By
ripping his ballot paper in two and placing half of the
paper in each ballot box Roof feels that he has honored his
commitment to vote for Maduka. However, if anything
Roof has ended up spoiling his vote with neither Marcus
nor Maduka getting his vote. Despite having been bribed
by one of Maduka’s men and having a sense of loyalty to
Marcus Roof hasn’t managed to vote for either man.
Something that appears to be lost on Roof with Achebe
describing Roof as walking out of the polling station
‘jauntily.’ It might also be a case that Achebe is suggesting
that an individual should be allowed to freely cast their
vote without the influence of others (Elders, Roof, Marcus
and Maduka). Something that has not been the case
throughout the story with Roof acting as an agent for
corruption in order for Marcus to continue living the
lifestyle he has become accustomed to. Yet at the same
time he provides no benefit to his constituents. Democracy
has not been allowed to play its role due to the corruption
that exists in Umuofia. The reader is also aware that when
the next election arrives that too will be corrupt thanks to
the actions of both Marcus and Maduka. Maduka might
not win the election on this occasion but he is preparing
himself for the next election. Paying for votes with money
and having no concern, like Marcus, for the constituents in
Umuofia.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase
or a sentence each: -
1. How many years did Roof spent as a bicycle
repairer's apprentice in Port Harcourt?
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

Or Ans: Progressive Organization Party

How long had Roof been a bicycling repairer’s
apprentice? March – 2015 II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of
Or 80 – 100 words each:
How long had Roof worked as a bicycle repairer’s III. Answer the following questions in about 200
apprentice in ‘The Voter’? March – 2016 words:
Ans: Two years
1. What was the justification for the formation of the
2. Who did Roof campaign for in 'The Voter'? POP?
Ans: Marcus Ibe Ans: POP stands for Progressive Organization Party. This
party was formed by the tribes down the cast to save
3. Who was the minister of culture in the outgoing themselves as the founders of the party proclaimed, from
government? “total, political, cultural, social and religious annihilation.
Ans: Marcus Ibe The POP was a complete non entity in the first election.
When tribal people understood that there was no
4. What is the name of Marcus Ibe's new house? opposition to the ruling party they decided to come to
Ans: Umuofia Mansions. power. In the story, there was no hint about the objectives
of the PAP, but the organizers of POP claimed that they
5. What was the warning given by Roof to the Minister wanted to save the people from all aspects.
before two months of the election?
Ans: Roof had warned him about the radical change that 2. Roof is an intelligent manipulator. Justify with
had come into the thinking of Umuofia. reference to the story.
Or
6. How many shillings Ibe offered to his voters? ‘Roof is an intelligent Manipulator’. Justify with
Ans: Two shillings. reference to the story ‘The Voter’. March – 2017
Or
7. Which are the two political parties mentioned in "The How does the lesson ‘The Voter’ show that Roof is an
Voter"? intelligent manipulator? March - 2020
Ans: PAP (People's Alliance Party and POP (Progressive Ans:Roof was the most trusted servant of Marcus. He was
Organization Party). also popular with the villages of Umuofia. He had become
an expert in election campaigning. He could tell the mood
8. Who is the opponent of Marcus Ibe in the election? of the electorate. After conducting the whispering
Ans: Maduka. campaign successfully, he warned the minister that the
villagers had become moreintelligent in the last five years,
9. How much money POP campaign team offered to wondering how quickly politics had brought wealth, titles
Roof? and doctorate degrees to the elected leader.
Ans: Five pounds. Meanwhile the opposition party 'Progressive Organization
Party (POP) with considerable money power plunges into
10. What is the name of the band which Ibe had hired election campaigning. One night, the local camp leader
from Umuru? pays a visit to 'Roof' and bribes him with five pounds’
Ans: Highlife Band. money and asks for his vote. When 'Roof' tells them he
could not deceive Marcus, they assure him that they would
11. What is the symbol of PAP for the election? not reveal his treachery to any one and after 'Roof' takes
Ans: Motor Car. the bribe of five pounds he is asked to swear on the 'iyi'
that he will vote for 'Maduka' the opposition leader.
12. What had Roof become a real expert in? Even on the election day 'Roof' campaigns for Marcus and
Ans: Election campaigning. when he goes into the voting booth to cast his vote he was
torn between his loyalty and the wrath of 'iyi'. So he tears
13. What was Marcus Ibe in the outgoing Government up his ballot paper into two pieces and casts one piece
in ‘The Voter’? March – 2017 each to both 'Marcus' and 'Maduka'. Hence he resolves the
Ans: Minister of Culture. issue diplomatically.

14. What does PAP Stand for in ‘The Voter’? 3. Describe the significance of meeting between Roof
March – 2018 and POP campaign team in The Voter.
Ans: People Alliance Party. Ans:The meeting between Roof and POP campaign team
highlights how voters are easily bought and voters are
15. How much money did the leader of the POP induced to vote for monetary considerations, one night, the
campaign team offer Roof? March – 2019 local camp leaders pay a visit to Roof and bribes him with
Ans: Five Pounds. five pounds’ money and asks for his vote. When Roof tells
them that he can't deceive Marcus, they assure him that
16. Expand POP. March – 2020 they would not reveal his treachery to anyone. After taking
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the bribe of five pounds, Roof is made to swear on the 'iyi'
that he will vote for 'Maduka', the position leader. This
meeting leaves him in confusion. So when he goes into the
voting booth to cast his vote, he finds himself torn between
his loyalty and wrath of 'iyi.
4. Describe Roof's role as an election campaigner in
Chinua Achebe's story ‘The Voter’?
Or
Give an account of Roof's role as an election
campaigner.
Or
To what extent was Roof the most trusted of the
whispering campaigners in 'The Voter’? March – 2015
Or
'Roof was the most trusted of the whispering
campaigners.' To what extent is this true in 'The Voter?
Or
Give an account of Roof's role as an election
campaigner. March – 2019
Ans:Roof was a popularman in his village. He was an
energetic young man who wanted to guide the people of his
village in difficult times. Marcus Ibe, the leader of People's
Alliance Party was the minister of culture and he wanted to
win the election, the second time. He knew that the people
were unhappy with him. So he wanted to make use of
Roof's popularity and service. Roof was intelligent and he
understood that people would not vote for Marcus if he did
not give them enough gifts. He assured the villagers that
Marcus would bring water and electricity to the village if
they elect him. He tempted the villagers with money for
their votes. On the day of election, he ran around goading
the villagers to vote for Marcus. He informs the minister
about the radical change in voter's attitude. He also assured
Marcus that he would get a landslide victory in the election.
All that proved that he was a loyal and trusted whispering
campaigner.
Or
Ans:Roof, as expected, was in service of honorable
minister and had become an expert in election campaigning.
He knew the mood of the electorate and had warned the
minister that the villagers had become more intelligent in
the last five years, wondering how quickly politics had
brought wealth, titles and doctorate degrees to the elected
leader.
Meanwhile the opposition party 'Progressive Organization
Party (POP) with considerable money power plungesinto
election campaigning. One night, the local camp leader
pays a visit to 'Roof' and bribes him with fivepounds’
money and asks for his vote. When 'Roof' tells them he
could not deceive Marcus, they assure him that they would
not reveal his treachery to any one and after Roof' takes the
bribe of five pounds he is asked to swearon the 'iyi' that he
will vote for 'Maduka' the opposition leader.
Even on the election day 'Roof' campaigns for Marcus and
when he goes into the voting booth to cast his vote he was
torn between his loyalty and the wrath of 'iyi'. So he tears
up his ballot paper into two pieces and casts one piece each
to both 'Marcus' and 'Maduka'. He comes out of the voting
booth relived.
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Roof was the most trusted servant of Marcus. He was also
popular with the villages of Umuofia. Being a popular
person 'Roof' could judge the villagers, mood and inform
Marcus accordingly. Before bribing two shillings to a
group of elders, he asks them that the people of Umuofia
should be honoured to have a leader like Marcus in their
midst and the leaders of PAP also favoured their village.
He, then, increases it to three shillings and proclaims that
if it is not enough for them, then they are free to vote for
the opposition. The elders agree to cast their vote in favour
of Marcus.
5. How did Roof make the villagers agree to vote for
PAP's Marcus Ibe?
Ans:Roof was a very popular man is his village. The
people of Umuofia village had a lot of trust in him. He was
an expert in election campaigning. Marcus Ibe, the
Minister, wanted Roof to work for him in the upcoming
elections. Roof had understood that peoplewere not happy
with Marcus and they might not vote for him this time. He
met a few villagers and explained to them that Marcus Ibe
would bring a lot of developments to their village.
He made them believe that every honour that the village
received was due to the hard work of Marcus and they
were favoured all the time by PAP, the People's Alliance
Party to which Marcus belonged. Finally, Roof tempted
the villagers with money. He promised them two shillings
each if they along with their family members would vote
for Marcus Ibe in the elections.
6. Why did the villagers change their attitude towards
Marcus Ibe before the second election in the lesson
'The Voter’?
Or
Trace the changes in the attitude of the villagers,
before the coming Election in the lesson ‘The Voter’
March - 2020
Ans:Marcus Ibe was the Minister of Culture in the
outgoing government and he belonged to PAP, the
People's Alliance Party. Roof was the election
campaigner for Marcus Ibe. He had already warned
Marcus about the change in the people's attitude. Though
the villagers were innocent, they had seen that Marcus
had made a lot of money and acquired car and bungalow
in those five years. He also had a private power plant to
supply power to his house, then the village had no
running water orelectricity. The villagers realized that
Marcus had made his lifeluxurious instead of taking care
of the welfare of the people. So they decided not to give
free votes to him in the forthcoming elections.
7. Rufus Okeke was truly skilled in politics. Explain
with reference to the voter.
Ans: Rufus Okeke was popular in his village as a
knowledgeable person. He was in the service of Marcus
Ibe, the minister for culture. He was a real expert in
election campaigning at all levels, the village, local and
national. He could even tell the mood and temper of the
electorate. The way he deals with the elders of the village
and convinces them to vote for Marcus is appreciable. He
makes use of his powers and gets expensive gifts from
2nd PUC
Marcus, much against the wishes of Marcus' wife. But
later, when he is approached by the leader of the POP, he
makes use of the opportunity skillfully. He tries to be very
normal on the election-day, even influences people to vote
for Marcus but tears his ballot paper and votes for both
Marcus and Maduka. This shows that he was truly skilled in
politics.
8. Describe the scene on the election- day in Umuofia.
Ans: On the busy day of election, men and women in
Umuofia village came to the voting booth with enthusiasm.
On the way, people found a lot of posters of both POP and
PAP parties. PAP leader Marcus Ibe had arranged a music
hand to attract the attention of the people. Marcus was
sitting in his big green car watching and smiling at the
villagers. The illiterate villagers shook hands with Marcus
and congratulated him even before they cast their votes.
Roof wasreminding the people to vote for Marcus in the
Motor Car symbol. He assured them thatthey would get rich
to ride a car if they voted for Marcus. It was his turn to go
into the booth to vote. When he went inside, he was in a
dilemma whether to vote for Marcus or Maduka. Both the
leaders had given him lots ofmoney. So he tore his ballot
paper into two and put one in each box. The election
officials put a purple ink mark on his finger
9. Describe, how Marcus Ibe in 'The Voter' had
managed to become a 'Successful' Politician.
March – 2016
Ans: Earlier Marcus Ibe was a not-too-successful mission
school teacher. When he was almost on the verge of
dismissalon the basis of a female teacher's complaint, he
joined politics, got elected as a representative of Umuofia
and was made minister of culture. In a period of five years
Marcus became very wealthy,was given many chieftaincies
titles and a doctorate degree and several other honours. He
had amassed a lot of wealth and power. To win the
villagers, he threw a grand party to them as he knew that it
was their votes that would bring good fortune.
10. Everyone is full of praise for Marcus Ibe. What
qualities and achievements attracted the people to praise
him in 'The Voter'? March – 2018
Ans: Everyone praised Marcus Ibe, elderly people
considered him as their son, he earned the reputation of a
good man. Earlier he was a missionary school teacher. He
had wisely joined politics and acquired two cars, a big
house in a very short time. But he remained devoted to his
people. He had installed a private electricity plant to power
his new house 'Umuofia mansions' and had entertained the
people of Umuofia by feeding them five bulls and many
goats on its opening ceremony. So, the people of Umuofia
praised Marcus, for offering them such a feast.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 Roof was a political campaigner in his village Umuofia.
Hewas in the service of his village. He inspired the
villagers to vote for Marcus Ibe
 Marcus Ibe was Minister of Culture in the outgoing
Marcusgovernment. He belonged to the PAP. He
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would surely winin the next election. He was not a
successful teacher. He joined politics from a female
teacher's complaint. Later hewould marry her. He
remained devoted to his people. Once he accused his
wife for insulting Roof.
 He named to his new house as Umuofia Mansions.
 The villagers had given their votes free of charge
fiveyears ago. Now they received four shillings to vote
for Marcus.
 The POP gave Roof five pounds to vote forMaduka.
He also swore in on lyi. At the end, Roof cut hisballot
into two. He put the first half into Maduka's box(head
symbol) and another half into Marcus Ibe's box
(carsymbol). He consoled himself that he had given
justice to both.
RECAPITULATION:
A short story
Evils of elections
Weaknesses for power and money
Rufus Okeke – a young man from Umuofia
Expert in campaigning
Marcu Ibe- The minister for Culture-PAP party
Former school teacher
Amassed wealth in five years
Maduka –POP party
Roof takes five pounds
Dilemma in Roof
EXERCISE:
ONE MARK
1. Where, on the election morning, did Marcus Ibe sit
shaking hands with the villagers?
2. Which is the symbol of People's Alliance Party in 'The
Voter’?
3. Who did Roof campaign for in 'The Voter'?
4. How long had Roof been a bicycle repairer's apprentice?
5. What is the symbol used by Marcus Ibe in the election
in 'The Voter’?
6. How much money did the leader of POP campaign team
offer Roof, for his vote in ‘The Voter’?
FOUR MARKS
1. 'Roof is a clever manipulator.' Justify
2. Give an account of Roof's role as an election
campaigner.
3. ‘The Voter' ridicules the power and selfishness of
Marcus Ibe. Explain
4. Describe the significance of meeting between Roof and
POP Campaign team in ‘The Voter’.
SIX MARKS
1. 'Roof was the most trusted of the whispering
campaigners.' To what extent isthis true in ‘The Voter’?
2. Do you think that 'The voter' is right in demanding
money to vote for MarcusIbe? Explain.
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

3. ‘There comes a time in every man’s life to decide’.

Explain with reference to ‘The Voter’.

‘The great aim of education is not knowledge but

action’.

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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 13
TOPIC: - WHERE THERE IS A WHEEL
P. SAINATH
SUMMARY
Where There is a Will by P. Sainath highlights how there is
a huge revolution that very easily happens in Pudukkottai, a
small District in Tamil Nadu. It is a very rare & unique
opportunity when women, especially not very literate
become the cause of change.
In Pudukkottai women started learning bicycling as a means
of freedom. This carried out to be chain reaction when
women felt that trying to make people around them also
enjoy independence was the reason why women were
taught cycling free of cost and voluntarily. Women who had
learned cycling and had the ability to train the others were
called master trainers and they would try to train the others.
Fortunately, all those women who joined the literate
movement were diverted towards the new cyclist movement
thereby, twin advantages were in their favor. Women who
joined the neo-cyclist movement were drawn towards the
neo-literate movement which meant that people, especially
women were able to gain a lot of freedom and also oppose
the male domination.
There were occasions when women used cycles for
multitasking, i.e., especially so when women tried to
purchase gents cycle and they used the front carrier to seat
children, first their produce on the carrier and hang pots of
water behind. Doing so, they were able to:
1. Reduce their dependency on public transport.
2. Sell more goods
3. Take care of their children
4. Save time and money for their comfort.
Initially, when this movement started, there were many men
who opposed it, it was then that the Arivoli Iyakkam
movement (light of knowledge) began and many volunteers
of this movement would attack men and warn them when
they made nasty remarks. Added to this, the movement had
one volunteer called Muthu Bhaskaran who had written an
anthem song that was sung by these and this further united
their struggle.
DC Sheela Rani Chunkath moved the banks to provide
loans for all those women who wanted to purchase bicycles.
This further strengthened the women and instilled a lot of
confidence in them. One of them tries to describe the
journey on her bicycle equivalent to a plane journey
because they were never exposed to any technological
development.
The narrator P. Sainath who returns to Pudukkottai after
some time realizes how that revolution and the same
attitude still existed in Pudukkottai and the same description
is seen in the postscript written by him.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase or
a sentence each: -
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1. Where did the cycling movement start?
Ans: Pudukkottai
2. When did the cycling movement start?
Ans: In 1991
3. What does bicycling symbolize for most of the neo
literate women?
Or
What does bicycle represent for the rural women in
Pudukkottai?
Or
What does the bicycle represent for the rural women?
March - 2020
Ans: A symbol of independence, freedom and mobility.
4. What does 'Arivoli Iyakkam' mean?
Ans: Light of knowledge movement.
5. What does cycling movement offer to the women in
Pudukkottai?
Ans: A way out of enforced routines, around male
imposed barriers.
6. Who was the brain behind the cycling movement?
Ans: Sheela Rani Chunkath the former District Collector.
7. Which international agency sanctioned fifty mopeds
for Arivoli women activists?
Ans: UNICEF
8. Why did some women in Pudukkottai prefer the
gents' cycle?
Ans: Because these have an additional bar from the seat to
the handle.
9. Who wrote the famous cycling song that has become
the anthem of the cycling movement?
Or
Who wrote the famous cycling song in Pudukkottai
district of Tamil Nadu?
Ans: Muthu Bhaskaran, an Arivoli activist.
10. What gave freedom to the women of Pudukkottai in
Tamil Nadu?
Ans: Cycling.
11. What did UNICEF give the Arivoli women activists
of Pudukkottai?
Ans: Fifty mopeds.
12. Why couldn't the rural women of Pudukkottai go
by bus to other villages? Give any one reason.
Ans: Because buses were not frequent/poorly connected
routes/could not afford it.
13. Name the owner of Ram cycles, a bicycle dealer in
Pudukkottai.
Ans: S. Kannakarajan.
2nd PUC
14. How many female cyclists participated in the all-
women’s rally in 'Where There is a Wheel’?
Ans: More than 1500.
15. Who is the central coordinator of Arivoli?
Or
Who was the central coordinator of the Arivoli
Iyakkam?
Or
Who was the central coordinator of the cycling
movement in 'Where there is a wheel'? March – 2018
Ans: N. Kannammal.
16. Which of the vehicles is called 'Humble' in 'Where
there is a wheel'? March – 2016
Ans: Bicycle / Cycle.
17. Why did some women prefer 'Gents' cycle?
March – 2017
Ans: Because they could seat a child on the additional bar /
Shortage of ladies' cycle.
18. What had stunned the inhabitants of Pudukkottai on
the International Women's day? March – 2019
Ans:All women’s cycle rally in which over 1,500 female
cyclist participated.
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each:
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. Describe the Arivoli Iyakkam, Light of Knowledge
Movement, from the lesson Where There is a Wheel',
Ans:Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu is known for its
vigorous literacy drive called Arivoli Iyakkam. To spread
the message of education, the cycling movement was
started by Arivoli. A large number of women learnt to ride
bicycles here, Cycling became a symbol of social mobility.
In rural Pudukkottai, young women who had just become
literates, moved fast onbicycleson the roads. The increasing
number of women cyclists indicates progress of society
Cyclingwas liberating and gave the women freedom and
confidence to move on their own.So women learning to ride
bicycles has become a significant part of the literacy
movement.
2. How does cycling help the women of Pudukkottai for
economic gains?
Ans:In his essay ‘Where There is a Wheel', P. Sainath
describes the optimism that cycling has brought about in the
lives of women of Pudukkottai, a poor district of Tamil
Nadu. The district's literacy drive known as Arivoli
Iyakkam, encourages women to learn cycling, they conduct
cycle training camps. Cycling has given them confidence
along with mobility. It increases the income of the rural
women. Women sell agricultural products not only to their
village people but also to the people of other villages. They
don't need to wait for buses which are not frequent. Cycling
saves time. They don't need to walk long distances. They
finish their work easily and quickly.They carry their
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children, the produce and two pots of water on their
bicycles, thus, combining their difficulttasks.
3. Why does Palagummi Sainath state that Pudukkottai
in Tamil Nadu remains unique among the India
districts?
Ans:In his essay 'Where There is a Wheel', P Sainath
shares his observation that changes had taken place in the
poor district of Tamil Nadu known as Pudukkottai. The
rural women have chosen cyclingas a medium. They have
learnt cycling which has given them confidence, freedom
and above all mobility. Arivoli Iyakkam, the literacy drive
has made the best use of this skill. Young girls could
continue their studies and women could move around
without depending upon the male members of their
families. They have started selling their
agriculturalproducts carrying them on their cycles. There
was a passion among the women to learn cycling. Former
DistrictCollector Sheela Rani Chunkath encouragedwomen
to take loans from banks to buy cycles. Arivoli activist
conducted training camps to teach cycling to women.
Thus, this humble vehicle made Pudukkottai a
uniquedistrict and an inspirational example for others.
4. List the activities taken up by Arivoli, to empower
women through cycling.
Ans:Cycling is a social movement at Pudukkottai, a poor
district in Tamil Nadu. It has given a new life to many
rural women. Cycling is a symbol of independence,
freedom and mobility. It is supported by the district's
literacy drive, led by Arivoli. It was the brain child of
popular district collector, Sheela Rani Chunkath. The main
intentionbehind this was to spread literacy among the rural
women. As a part of this, she pushed banks to
sanctionloans for women to buy bicycles. Arivoli has
master-trainers who train the interested activists and it
conducts exhibition-cum-contests. In 1992, more than
70,000 womendisplayed their cycling skills at the public
exhibition run by Arivoli. Being impressed, UNICEF
sanctioned fifty mopeds for Arivoli women activists.
Arivoli training camps also train a number of prospective
learners. The neo-literates and the neo-cyclists even sing
songs thatencourage bicycling.
5. Cycling as a movement has brought about a radical
change in Pudukkottai. Explain.
Or
How has cycling benefitted the rural women of
Pudukkottai?
Or
How has cycle transformed the lives of many women in
Pudukkottai? March – 2019
Ans:Pudukkottai, one of the poorest districts or Tamil
Nadu, is a witness to a radical change, as the rural women.
especially the neo-literates have taken to cycling. It has
become a symbol of independence, freedom and mobility
to them. Women agricultural workers, quarry laborers,
teachers, all have made cycling a passion. They proudly
admit that their confidence has boosted and their
dependencyon men has reduced. The bicycle even allows
themto multitask. One can come across women carting
2nd PUC
provisions, fetching water and even selling their produce,
sometimes with their children on their bicycles. Though it
does not boost their economy directly, it does helpthem to
earn more as they can cover longer distances. So, invariably
cycling has changed the lives of women of Pudukkottai.
6. On the basis of your reading of 'Wheel Brings
Progress', can you say that cycling has proved itself a
socialmovement in Pudukkottai.
Ans:Yes, cycling is seen as a social movement in
Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu. In 18 months over 1,00,000 rural
women, most of them neo-literates, took to bicyclingas a
symbol of independence, freedom and mobility. The
cycling movement has given women the confidence. It has
reduced their dependence on men. Women saw a direct link
between cycling and their personal freedom. Women can do
many things on their own without expecting help from men.
But Arivoli movement gave cycling social sanction. When
women learnt cycling, they didn't need to depend on men of
the family for moving about. Sheela Rani Chunkath, former
district collector, encouraged women to learn cycling for
mobility.
7. Justify the statement 'Wheel brings progress' with
reference to Where There is a Wheel'. March – 2015
Ans: Cycling has enabled rural women to be independent,
free and mobile. The productivity of these rural women has
increased due this new independence. Women no longer
have to walk long distances to fetch water or tosell their
productsor to bring provision. She nolonger has to depend
on public transport, so the time saved can be utilized for
other purposes like cooking and guiding children in their
studies. It has reduced fatigue. It has increased rural
women's income by giving the women freedom to sell more
their products in and around other villages. It has increased
their leisure time. So that she can take adequate rest. It has
contributed to their self-respect which is vital.
Women agricultural, laborers, quarry laborers, village
health nurses, Balwadí and Anganwadi workers, gem
cutters and school teachers, gram sevika and mid-day meal
workers and school and college students have benefitted by
cycling.
Neo-literates and Neo-cyclist women have a direct link
between cycling and their personal independence P. Sainath
describes the feelings of rural women who have learnt
'cycling'. They feel a new kind of independence, freedom
and mobility has come to their monotonous lives. It has
given them confidence and reduced theirdependence on
men. Cycling has offered a way out of enforced routines,
around male-imposed barriers.
8. What benefits, according to P. Sainath, has cycling
brought into the lives of rural women? March – 2016
Ans: According to R Sainath, the introduction of cycling
for women in Pudukkottai district has brought about a
tremendous change in the lives of the rural women. Cycling
has empowered women agricultural worker’s village health
nurses, Balwadí and anganwadi workers, gem cutters,
Grama Sevikas and school teachers, both economically and
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politically. Earlier, some of the women who used to sell
agricultural or other produce within a group of villages had
to commute by bus. For them, now the bicycle cuts down
on time, earlier wasted in waitingfor buses.
Secondly, it gives them much more time to focus on
selling their produce. Earlier, they had to rush back early
to tend to the children and perform other chores like
fetching water etc. Now, these women can combine
different tasks with non-challenge. Similarly, quarry
workers had to go too far off places because their work
places were cut off from the main areas. Now, by learning
cycling they have become mobile. Women can now collect
water as well as cart provisions from other places on their
own.
9. Comment on how cycling reduced women's
dependence on men with reference to 'Where there is a
wheel'. March – 2017
Ans: Tens of thousands of neo-literate rural women in
Pudukkottai district have discovered a new way of
overcoming their backwardness, of asserting themselves
by learning to ride a bicycle. This simple and humble
vehicle has done wonders in their lives. It has empowered
women by giving them mobility and the opportunity to
spread their wings. Knowing how to ride a bicycle made
these women self-confident, reduced their dependence on
men, and helped them to break the social barriers
imposedon them by a male-dominated society. It helped to
boost theirincome as these women could sell their products
even in far-flung areas, they saved time wasted in waiting
for buses, they could easily do several tasks
simultaneously like shopping for provisions and collecting
water. They were able to save a lot of time, which they
could use to take rest, spend with their children or in any
manner they chose. Thus, the drudgery of their lives was
considerably reduced and most importantly cycling gave
them a sense of self-respect which is very important.
10. How has bicycle brought a total change in the lives
or rural women as in 'Where there is a wheel'?
March – 2018
Ans: Pudukkottai, one of the poorest districts of Tamil
Nadu, is a witness to a radical change, as the rural women,
especially the neo-literates have taken to cycling. It has
become a symbol of independence, freedom and mobility
to them. Women agricultural workers, quarry laborers,
teachers, all have made cyclingapassion. They proudly
admit that theirconfidence has boosted and their
dependency on men has reduced. The bicycle even allows
them to multitask. One can come across women carting
provisions, fetching water and evenselling theirbicycles.
Though it does not boost their economydirectly, it does
help them to earn more asthey can coverlonger distances.
So, invariably cycling haschanged the lives of women of
Pudukkottai.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
Cycling became a social movement in Pudukkottai
District.
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

Sheela Rani Chunkath started the idea of cycling in 5. Comment on how the cycling reduced the women's
1991. dependence on men withreference to Sainath's essay.
She included mobility. Jameela Bibi, Fatima and 6. ‘Cycling has become a symbol of freedom’. Explain
Avakannistarted cyclingnot give attention to the with reference to ‘Where there is a wheel’?
dirty remarks. Arivoli Iyakkam ledliteracy drive. 7. How has cycling enhanced a sense of self – respect in
the women of Pudukkottai?
Muthu Bhaskaran composed the cycling song
Cycling is a symbol Song. SIX MARKS
Cycling is the symbol of Independence, freedom
and Mobility. 1. Wheel brings progress.' Justify this statement with
N. Kannammal gave the rural women confidence. reference to 'Where There IsA Wheel'
Cyclingreduced their dependence on men.
They bring water, selltheir agricultural or other
products on their bicycle.
Itsaves time, increases leisure time. ‘You learn something every day if you pay
It boosts income. attention’.
It has brought the sense of self – respect
N. Kannammal said, 'It is a Himalayan
achievement’.

RECAPITULATION:

 Cycling as a movement in Pudukottai

 Rural women’s participation
 Helped to fight against poverty and dependence
 N. Kannammal- the pioneer of cycling movement
 Vicious attacks on women
 Cycling training camp at Arivoli on Sundays
 Cycling- the brainchild of Sheela Rani Chunkat
 It helped in the literacy drive
 Cycling boosted income and reduced dependence

EXERCISE:

ONE MARK

1. What has been a chosen medium for rural women of

Pudukkottai?
2. Whose brainchild is the cycling movement according to
P. Sainath as mentionedin 'Where There Is A Wheel?
3. Name one of the women who have trained young women
from their communal in the art of cycling.
4. In which district of Tamil Nadu, according to P. Sainath,
has cycling been a social movement?
5. Name the person who wrote the famous cycling song
mentioned in 'Where There Is a Wheel’
6. Mention any one of the advantages gained due to cycling
by the neo literate women of Pudukkottai district?

FOUR MARKS

1. In what different ways has cycle empowered rural

women in Pudukkottai?
2. How did Sheela Rani Chunkath empower the
Pudukkottai women by including cycling in the literacy
drive?
3. Discuss how cycling movement has empowered the rural
women of Pudukkottai
4. How does cycling empower rural women according to P.
Sainath?
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2nd PUC
CHAPTER: - 14
TOPIC: - WATER
CHALLAPALLI SWAROOPA RANI
SUMMARY
Water, a poem by Challapalli Swaroopa Rani highlights the
gender discrimination that existed from times immemorial.
She tries to explain it with many comparisons and the first
one is: The water is aware of the ground's incline and it
knows how people have struggled through generations and
this is compared to the dampness that always exists near the
well as that part never dries. In the same way, this
discrimination is never going to end.
Water is a witness to the difference of race between the
Samaria women and Jesus the Jew. It is believed that the
Samaria women are supposed to be the ones who are treated
very badly as they belonged to the lowest caste and it is
believed that Jesus who was offered water from such a lady
was gracious enough to accept it. Water is aware of the
difference that exists between the cobbler and the weaver.
It means even the sub-caste difference is very clearly
highlighted.
Panchama is supposed to be the 5th set in the Varna
category and these were considered to be lower than the
Shudras and were never provided an opportunity to draw
water from the well and they were forced to wait near the
well with an empty pot till a considerate Shudra comes
there and draws water from the well.
Water again is a witness to the humiliation that the Wada
girl had to face always when water was drawn and while
pouring it into her container, a part of it would spill and wet
her clothes and this intentional act was the highest because
they would hardly get water, added to it, humiliation was of
the highest degree.
A lady called Karmachedu Suvarthamma as the one who
raised her voice and supported a Dalit boy who was being
beaten by a group of youth. She who had come to collect
water from the tank raises her pot to stop the boy from
being attacked for the reason that he requested the youth to
not pollute the water by cleaning their cattle in the tank.
The poet recollects how her Wada people would wait thirsty
for a glass of water. The poetess describes that water to
them is not simply H2O but a mighty movement and she
compares that to a struggle at the Chadar tank, the Mahad
struggle: It is believed that all the Dalit men and women
one day went to Chadar tank and dipped their hands into the
waters only to proclaim to the village people that they were
opposing the norms. For people like the poetess, a single
drop of water makes them recollect tears shed over
generations. There were many battles fought for a single
drop of water and in this process many people lost their
lives and yet, they couldn't get a small puddle of water.
The poetess at her own community appeared to be a cursed
one because there were occasions when the community
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doesn't have an opportunity to take a bath every day, on
the other hand, the entire village could luxuriously bathe
twice a day. This clearly narrates the pathetic state in
which the Panchamas were and that is the main reason for
their living.
Whenever the poetess gets an opportunity to recollect her
childhood, she is able to remember the pain that she and
her friends experienced when they had to carry heavy pots
and their necks would start aching very badly. They had to
walk miles to reach a canal and almost had to steal water
from there.
In a village called Malapalle, there was not a pot of water
and all the houses of the people were mercilessly put on
fire.
Water may appear to be a simple thing but its greatest
quality is that it can give life as well as take it away.
There are occasions when the water could not satisfy a
thirsty person but it would transform into a Tsunami wave
that nearly swallowed many villagers.
Water has the ability to turn villages into dry deserts or
drown them in floods as people are just like helpless play
objects in its cruel hands.
Water has been the cause of fights between states, between
villages and in this process, many people have been
seriously wounded and some have even lost their lives.
Whatever be the nature of water, off late, it has been
transformed to sit innocently in a Bisleri bottle. It means, if
human beings have the ability to purchase water, they can
truly do so now. Earlier, many women like the poetess
had to struggle to get even a small pot of water but now it
has been transformed into a multinational market
commodity. It has created a great revolution and in doing
so, no human being is discriminated. It is believed that
water is present everywhere and it can take the whole
world in its strive.
I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase
or a sentence each: -
1. What according to the speaker of Water' is a witness
to centuries of social injustice?
Ans: Water.
2. Who had to wait for a Shudra to get water for him?
Ans: A Panchama.
3. What does a Dalit consider as a wondrous festival?
Ans: The weekly bath.
4. How often do the Dalits get a chance to have bath?
Ans: Once a week.
5. How many times does the entire village other than
Dalits bathe?
Ans: Twice a day.
2nd PUC
6. Who opposed the Kamma landlords?
Or
Who opposed Kamma landlords in the poem ‘Water’?
March - 2018
Ans: Karamachedu Suvarthamma.
7. Which social movement did the author refer to in the
poem, 'Water'?
Ans: Mahad struggle at the Chadar tank in Mumbai.
8. Where did the Mahad Struggle take place?
Or
Where did the Mahad Struggle mentioned in ‘Water’
take place? March - 2019
Ans: At the Chadar tank in Mumbai.
9. Which are the two biblical characters mentioned in
the poem, 'Water'?
Ans: Samaria woman and Jesus.
10. Which tool did Karamachedu Suvarthamma used to
oppose the land lords?
Ans: Water pot.
11. Who can devour lives according to the speaker of the
poem, 'Water'?
Ans: Water can devour lives.
12. Who is considered to be omniscient by the speaker of
the poem, 'Water'?
Ans: Water is considered to be omniscient.
13. Who, according to the speaker of ‘Water’, are
plaything in water’s vicious hands? March - 2016
Ans: The poor people / The poor.
14. Water can also sit innocently in a ………….. (Fill in
the blanks) March - 2017
Ans: Bisleri Bottle.
II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80
– 100 words each:
III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words:
1. Explain the discrimination, untouchables have to
experience with reference to the poem Water.
Ans:The poem Water speaks of the suffering of the Dalits.
From many generations, they have fought for their rights.
But they couldn't even win a small puddle of water There
was always disagreement between people of village and
Wada. It speaks of agony of the Panchama, who has no
right to draw a pot of water. And he is expected to wait all
day near the well with his empty pot until a shudra arrives.
It describes the humiliation of the Wada girl and about her
pain when an upper caste man approaches her to satisfy his
lust. It's life long struggle for them.
2. How does Challapalli Swaroopa Rani describe the
cruelty of untouchability in the poem ‘Water’?
Ans:In the poem Water the poet has used one of very useful
natural resources, water to describe the cruelty of
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untouchability. Here, the poet says that water knows the
agony of the Panchama group of people, who do not have
the right to draw a pot of water from the public well. So,
they had to wait all the daynear the well withtheir empty
pots until a shudra arrived to pour water into their pots.
The poet describes how the Dalit girls were humiliated by
high caste people. Further, she continues to say that water
was not only HO for them, but it was a mighty movement.
They had struggled a lot to get a single drop of water
Moreover, they shed tears over several generations. Many
battles were fought and blood flowed like stream but they
never managed to win even a small puddle of water. Thus,
the poet emphasizes on the social discrimination that exist
in our society
3. The caste difference is clearly depicted in the poem,
'Water? Explain.
Ans: Water is used as an important symbol to depict the
caste differences in the society. Water has been the witness
for centuries to this discrimination. The poet says that the
people especially the Panchamas are not allowed to fetch
water on their own and therefore are expected to wait for
the Shudras to come and get them water. The whole
village takes bath twice a day while the low caste people
consider it a festival to take bath once a week. In spite of
the scarcity of drinking water for the Dalitsand other low
caste people, the high caste have commoditized water and
sell it in the market for profits.
4. Why does the speaker affirm that 'Water is not
simple thing'?
OR
Why does the poet consider water as amighty
movement?
Ans: The poet feels water is not a simple thing for them.
However, water is an essential commodity for the survival
of human beings and Dalits and low caste are no exception
to this rule. The poet however presents a contrary picture
where the whole village is divided based on their caste and
water becomes the symbol of their demarcation. The
poetsays there have been a number of movements and
struggles that have occurred because of water. He alludes
to Mahad struggle. The poet further speaks of how
thousands of people have given their lives to free society
of this evil.
5. Which are the personal memories of the poet which
inspire her to write the poem, 'Water'?
Ans: The poet has vivid memories of her childhood that
are associated with water. The poet remembers how her
Wada would remain thirsty the whole day for a drop of
water. The poet also remembers the Mahad struggle which
is associated with water. She also remembers the battles
they have fought for the sake of water. She remembers
how she welcomed her weekly bath. She is also reminded
of her childhood and how she walked miles to reach the
big canal and carried back heavy pots, with the muscles
and veins on their necks straining and bursting. She
remembers how at Malapalle a villagewas burnt to ashes
for wantof water.
2nd PUC
6. How does the poem, Water' reveal the humiliation,
injustice and thirst?
Or
The poem Water' demonstrates the discrimination in
them society based on caste. Justify.
Or
The difference of race and agony of the Panchama due
to water has been effectively brought out in 'Water
Discuss.
Or
How does the poem demonstrate the disparity and
discrimination in our society using water as a symbol?
Or
How does the poem Water' demonstrate the disparity
and discrimination in our society using water as a
symbol?
Or
Is water instrumental in social discrimination and
disparity? Discuss with reference to ‘Water’.
March - 2019
Or
Bring out the bitter instances recollected by the speaker
in 'Water.
Ans: The poet uses the powerful symbol of water to depict
the prominent presence of caste system and untouchability,
particularly in Indian society. Water is the most essential of
elements on earth for the survival of all animate things and
yet this basic requirement is denied to the section of the
society, just because they happen to belong to a particular
caste. This is the point that the poet seems to emphasize in
the poem.
The poet talks of the life of the Panchama caste. The poet
focuses on the agony of the Panchama, a caste which does
not even feature in the distinctly divided Varana Ashramas.
The Panchama does not have the right to draw a pot of
water from the well and thus they wait the whole day for
somegentle Shudra to come and give him some water.
Ironically the Shudra also happens to be on the last rung of
the social order. The poet further elaborates on the agony of
the Panchama girl. As this girl waits to get water, the giver
pours water from a distance and eventually water falls out
and drenches her. This action brings in a lot of humiliation
to the girl. This is true in case of people who belong to all
the lower castes. They are discriminated and are denied of
this essential necessity for survival.
7. "Water can give life and devour lives? Write about
the significance of the statement based on the poem
'Water’.
Ans: The poet introduces us to the innumerable attributes of
water. She says water is not asimple thing. It has the ability
to give life toeverything; likewise, it also has the ability to
destroy everything. The poet talks about how; water can be
both preserver and destroyer of life.
Further elaboratingon the destructive and constructive
nature of water, she makes reference to Tsunami which
destroyed villages and millions of people in a span of few
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minutes. The same water which destroyed villages also
quenches the thirst of parched throats.
The poor villagers become playthings in the powerful
hands of water. At times it turns some villages into deserts
and some other times it drowns villages. The poor are part
of the vicious circle and have no escape from the clutches
of the 'monster.
8. How does the speaker reveal the pain and suffering
of the lower caste people in the poem, 'Water'?
Or
Describe the struggles suffered by the Wada people to
get water. March - 2020
Ans: The poet focuses on the agony of a Panchama, a
caste which does not even feature in the distinctly divided
Varana Ashramas. The Panchama does not have the right
to draw a pot of water from the well and thus they wait the
whole day for somegentle Shudra to come andgive him
some water. Ironically the Shudra also happens to be on
the last rung of the social order. The poet further
elaborates the agony of the Panchama girl. As this girl
waits to get some water, the giver pours water from a
distance and eventually water falls out and drenches her.
This action brings a lot of humiliation to the girl.
The poor, villagers become playthings in the powerful
hands of water. At times it turns some villages into deserts
and at other times it drowns villages. The poor are part of
the vicious circle and have no escape from the clutches of
the 'monster.
9. "Water is a multinational market commodity"
Explain.
Ans: The poet focuses on a number of contemporary
issues. First and foremost, she talks of how water has been
a cause of distinction and strife between the Wada and a
village. She says this conflict is not just restricted to a
Wada and a village but has been the cause of conflict
between states.
It has the ability to cause violence and bloodshed. This is
something we have been experiencing in the recent times.
But contrary to everything the poet says in the previous
stanzas, she begins to make mockery of the age old
practice of untouchability which does not find any place in
the globalized world today. She talks of how water is
commoditized and packed in a Bisleri bottle and is being
made accessible to everyoneirrespective of their caste, if
you arewilling and ready to pay for it.
10. Water can give life and can also devour lives.
Examine the significance of this statement in the light
of ‘Water’.
Ans: Water has always been viewed sacred as asymbol of
purity, a precious and divine gift. If is synonymous with
life. It is a gift bestowed by mother nature, free of cost to
everyone regardless of caste, class or creed. Yet the same
water the life giving water can alone devour lives. When
the water was denied to thirsty people because they
belonged to lower class, it came as the killer Tsunami
waves which devoured entire villagers. The poor are more
like playthings, for water is capable of turning villages into
dry deserts or causing untold misery through floods.
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

Water, a harmless substance is capable of causing violent  Suvarthamma’s fight

consequences, it can ignite conflict and strife between  Mahad struggle
castes and states over water sharing. Now in this modern  The speaker’s childhood memories
age, when multinational companies are interested only in  Water as a commodity
the profit margins by investingmore and more in mineral  Falling in the hands of multinational companies
water plants in fact they make most horrifyingthreat i.e. the
depletion of the ground water level. It not only degrades the EXERCISE:
environment but also once again make the poor, the worst
sufferers. ONE MARK

11. How is the destructive nature of water brought out
in the poem 'Water'?
Ans:Water can give life as well as devour life for a pot of
water. This fight occurred between Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu. People of both the states destroyed each other's
property and destroyed and damaged buses Just over the
question of sharing water. This elixir of life, is also capable
of causing untold misery and devastation in the form of the
killer Tsunami waves, which swallowed whole village after
village in coastal Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in 2004.
The poor are mere playthings in its vicious hands, for it is
they who have to suffer sometimes in the form of
giantwaves or through drought or at times in the form of
floods. We see how the poor are affected by the lack of
access to clean drinking water and at the other times, they
bear the brunt of nature's fury.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
1. What according to the speaker of 'Water' is a witness to
social injustice?March - 2017
2. Where according to speaker did the Mahad struggle take
place?
FOUR MARKS
1. Why is water a mighty movement according to the
speaker of 'Water?
2. What personal memories does the speaker associate to
water in the poem 'Water'?
3. The difference of race and agony of the Panchama due
to water has been effectively brought out in 'Water’.
Explain.
4. Bring out the bitter instances recollected by the speaker
in ‘Water’.
5. ‘Water is a witness to many struggles’. Explain with
reference to the poem, ‘Water’.

 The speaker describes the agony of the Panchamas, SIX MARKS

thewada girl and the incident of Karamachedu
Suvarthamma of waterwho opposed the Kamma 1. How does the poem 'Water' demonstrate the disparity
land lords. and discrimination in oursociety using water as a symbol?
 Water is witness to centuries of social injustice.
For the untouchables, it was a mighty movement.
 It was Mahad struggle at the Chadar tank.
 They had no water even for aweekly bath.
 But the entire village bathed twice a day. ‘All things good to know are difficult to learn’.
 The village Malapalle was burnt into ashes for a
pot.
 Water is destroyer with tsunami waves.
 Thiswater can create many struggles between the
village andthe wada,and between one states to
another.
 But it is nowin a Bisleri bottle. It has a new name
'Mineral Water".
 Ithas become a multinational market commodity.
 It isomniscient and contains the world

RECAPITULATION:

 A narrative poem
 Discrimination on the basis of caste and creed
 The agony of low caste people
 Water has a long history of conflict
 Knows the difference of race
 Samaria woman and Jesus
 Panchama had no right to draw water
 Wada girl humiliated
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2nd PUC
WORK BOOK: - 1
TOPIC: - COMPREHENSION PASSAGE
Read the following passage and answer the questions set
on it: -
1. Years ago, in a small fishing village in Holland, a young
boy taught the world about the rewards of unselfish service.
Because the entire village revolved around fishing industry,
a voluntary rescue team was needed in cases of emergency.
One night the winds raged, the clouds burst and a gale
storm capsized a fishing boat at sea. The crew sent out the
SOS. The captain of the rescue rowboat sounded the alarm
and the villagers assembled in the town square overlooking
the bay. While the team launched their rowboat and fought
their way through the wild waves, the villagers waited on
the beach, holding lanterns to light the way back.
An hour later, the rescue boat reappeared and falling
exhausted on the sand, the volunteers reported that they had
to leave one man behind as even one more man would have
capsized the rescue boat and all would have been lost.
The captain called for another volunteer team to go after the
lone survivor. Sixteen-year-old Hans stepped forward. His
mother grabbed his hand pleading, “Please don’t go. Your
father died in a shipwreck ten years ago and your older
brother Paul has been lost at sea for three weeks. Hans, you
are all I have.”
Hans replied, “Mother, I Have to go. What if everyone said,
‘I can’t go, let someone do it’? Mother, this time I have to
do my duty. When the call for service comes, we all need to
take our turn and do our part.” Hans kissed his mother,
joined the team and disappeared into the night.
Another hour passed and finally the rescue boat came back
with Hans standing up in the bow. The captain called out,
“Did you find the lost man?” Barely able to contain himself,
Hans excitedly yelled back. “Yes, we found him. Tell my
mother it’s my older brother Paul.”
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each.
a. What occupation was the entire village dependent on?
b. When was a voluntary rescue team needed?
c. Why did the villagers hold the lanterns?
d. How old was Hans?
e. Add prefix to the word ‘appear’ to form its antonym.
f. Whom did Hans join?
g. How long did the rescue boat take to bring back the lone
survivor?
h. The word ‘lone’ in the passage means
a) far. b) only. c) older.
i. Name the lost man rescued by Hans and his team.
j. Hans couldn’t contain his _____________ (excite).
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of the word
in brackets.)
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Key Answers
1. The entire village revolved around fishing industry
2. A voluntary rescue team was needed in cases of
emergency.
3. The villagers waited on the beach, holding lanterns to
light the way back.
4. Sixteen-year-old
5. Disappear / Reappear
6. Hans joined the rescue team
7. An hour
8. Only
9. Paul
10. Excitement
2. The festival of cows is one of the most popular events of
Nepal. The festival, known as Gai Jatra, is generally
celebrated in the Nepalese month of Bhadra (August-
September). The present form of Gai Jatra is a blending of
antiquity and medievalism.
According to tradition, every family which has lost a
relative during the past year must participate in a
procession through the streets of Kathmandu leading a cow.
The story goes that king Pratap Malla lost his son, and his
queen was heartbroken. The king was very sad to see his
beloved queen’s condition; in spite of his best efforts, he
could not lessen her grief. He announced that whoever
made the queen laugh would be awarded adequately.
During the festival of Gai Jatra, the cow procession was
brought before the grief stricken queen. Then the
participants began ridiculing the important people of the
society. Finally, when social injustice and other evils were
highlighted and attacked mercilessly, the queen could not
stop laughing. This resulted in the king establishing the
tradition of including jokes, satires, mockery at the Gai
Jatra festival.
After the procession is over, nearly everyone takes part in
another age-old tradition in which the participants dress up
and wear masks. The occasion is filled with songs, jokes,
mockery and humour of every kind and becomes the order
of the day until late evening.
The festival is considered a healthy one with people
bringing to light the realities of life by acting them out in a
humourous way. However, the satirical plays and
performances synonymous with the Gai Jatra came to be
observed in the medieval period of Nepal during the reign
of the Malla kings, though this festival has its roots in the
ancient age when people feared and worshipped Yamaraj,
the god of death.
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each.
a. Where is Gai Jatra celebrated?
b. When is Gai Jatra celebrated?
2nd PUC
c. Who must participate in the procession leading a cow
through the streets?
d. What was the reason for the queen to be heartbroken?
e. Nepal wears a ___________ (feasted/festive) look during
Gai Jatra.
f. How long does the festival last?
g. Which word in the passage means ‘period of a king’s
rule’?
h. During which period was the Gai Jatra started to be
observed?
i. Add prefix to the word ‘justice’ to form its antonym.
j. Whom did the people of ancient age fear and worship?
Key Answers
1. In Nepal
2. In the Nepalese month of Bhadra
3. Every family which has lost a relative
4. Because she had lost her son
5. Festive
6. Until late evening
7. Reign
8. In the medieval period
9. Injustice
10. Yamaraj, the god of death
3. Rivers have played an important and life-sustaining role
in human societies for thousands of years. Many of the
world's great cities lie on the bank of a great river.
We love our rivers and we abuse them. We use them as a
source of water, for food, for transport, for recreation, as
defenses, as a source of power to drive machinery, and as a
means of disposing of waste.
Rivers continue to be a very important source of food for
societies around the world. Apart from being a rich source
of fish, rivers indirectly the agriculture with supply of water
for the crops.
Rivers carry water and nutrients to areas around the earth.
They play a very important role in the water cycle because
they act as drainage channels for surface water. Rivers drain
nearly 75% of the earth's land surface.
River deltas shelter many different species of wildlife.
Insects, mammals and birds use the delta for their homes
and for food.
River valleys and plains provide fertile soils. Farmers in dry
regions irrigate their cropland using water carried by
irrigation canals from nearby rivers.
Rivers are an important energy source. During the early
industrial era, mills, shops and factories were built near
fast-flowing rivers where water could be used to power
machines. Today steep rivers are still used to power
hydroelectric plants and their water turbines.
In our culture, we do not see rivers as just water bodies.
They are life-giving gods or goddesses. We never see rivers
as just geographical happenings. We always see them as
life-making material because 72% of our body is water.
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Whenever we look for life, we look for a drop of water
first!
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each.
a) Where do many of the world’s great cities lie?
b) Mention any one of the things for which rivers are used.
c) Why do rivers play a very important role in the water
cycle?
d) How much of the earth’s land surface is drained by
rivers?
e) Name one of species of wildlife mentioned in the
passage.
f) How do farmers in dry regions irrigate their cropland?
g) When were mills, shops and factories built near fast-
flowing rivers?
h) What were life-saving gods or goddesses for us?
i) Add prefix to the word ‘continue’ to form its antonym.
j) Steep rivers are used to generate _____________
(electrical/electricity) energy.
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate word given in
brackets.)
Key Answers
1. On the bank of a great river
2. Source of water / for food /transport / recreation /
defense etc.
3. They act as drainage channels for surface water
4. 75%
5. Insects / mammals / birds
6. Using water carried by canals from nearby rivers
7. During the early industrial era
8. Rivers
9. Discontinue
10. Electrical
4. Long ago there lived a King who was very unhappy.
The reason was simple he was growing bald. He had lost
much of his hair. Being a vain man, the king was very
upset and wanted to find a cure for his baldness. So he
called his court physician and ordered him to prescribe a
medicine.
However, the physician said, "Your Majesty, I am sorry
but there is no medicine for baldness. It is hereditary. ‘You
are a fool" said the King and threw him into prison.
Next, the King sent for all the eminent physicians of the
land and commanded them to find a magic medicine to
make his hair grow. But they all had the same thing to say.
Now the King was furious. He put all the physicians under
house arrest and announced "I'll give you exactly a month
to come up with a remedy for my baldness. If you don't
have it at the end of that time. you will all be put to death."
All the physicians were terrified, and did not know what to
do. Finally, one old man, wiser than the rest, said, “Don't
worry. We don't have to die. I have an idea that will cure
2nd PUC
the king of his madness, if not his baldness!" Everyone
sighed
with relief. Exactly a month later, the King summoned the
physicians and demanded, "Well? Have you found the
remedy?”
The old physician stepped forward and said. “Yes Sir, I
have” . Bringing out a small bottle he said, "here is my
special new hair oil, guaranteed to cure baldness! You only
need to use It for 10 days, applying it half an hour before
bathing. Within ten days you Will have a luxuriant crop of
jet black hair.
‘Wonderful!" exclaimed the King as he took the bottle Then
the physician added, "lust one condition sir if you think of
coconuts while applying this oil, it Will not work Please
keep that in mind." “That's not a problem”, said the king
happily. The old physician was richly rewarded and all
were freed. Early the next morning, the King was all set to
try the new oil. He took the bottle and opened It.
Now he remembered that he was not supposed to think of
coconuts while applying the oil. Suddenly, a picture of a
coconut tree bearing a thick bunch of coconuts flashed in
his mind's eye.
"Oh no!" thought the King. Try as he might, he could not
get the picture out of his mind. Finally, he put the bottle
aside, saying, "I'll start tomorrow”. But, the next day, the
same thing happened. He had hardly lifted the bottle when
he thought of a coconut. So he could not use it that day
either.
Thereafter. every single day, whenever he took the bottle,
he would remember something associated with coconuts
green coconuts, coconut water, or even coconut barfi!
Earlier, he had never bothered about coconuts, but now he
seemed obsessed with them. By and by, he would
automatically remember coconuts the moment his eye fell
on the bottle of oil. The bottle stood on the shelf, unused.
Finally, the King decided that he had had enough. He
declared, “I'll never use this oil. But then. What is so bad
about being bald? Bald is Beautiful.’ March – 2015
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each.
a. Why was the King unhappy?
b. Who did he summon to prescribe the medicine?
c. What did the physician say, for which he was thrown into
prison?
d. _________ stepped forward and said that he had a cure.
e. The King sent for all the physicians of the land.
[eminent/prominent]
f. For how many days was the king supposed to use the oil?
g. What did the old physician tell the king while using the
oil?
h. How many days did the King use the oil?
i. What did he think of whenever he wanted to use the oil?
j. Finally, what did the King declare?
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Key Answers
a) The king was unhappy as he was growing bald.
b) He summoned his court physician,
c) The physician said that there was nomedicine for
baldness and that it was hereditary.
d) The old physician
e) Eminent
f) For ten days.
g) The old physician cautioned the king that if the king
thought of coconuts while applying the oil, the oil wouldn’t
work.
h) The king didn’t use the oil at all because he couldn't stop
thinking of coconuts when he looked at the oil.
i) Whenever the king wanted to use the oil, he thought of
either coconuts or something associated with coconuts.
j) Finally the king declared that he would never use the oil.
He also declared that there was nothing wrong in being
bald and that bald is beautiful.
5. Since the beginning, trees have provided us with two of
life's essentials, food and oxygen. As we evolved, they
provided additional necessities such as shelter, medicine
and tools.
Trees contribute to their environment by providing oxygen,
improving air quality, making climate better, conserving
water, preserving soil and supporting wildlife. They take in
carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. One acre of forest
absorbs six tons of carbon dioxide and produces four tons
of oxygen. This is enough to meet the annual needs of 18
people.
Both above and below ground, trees are essential to the
ecosystems in which they reside. Far reaching roots hold
soil in place and fight erosion. They absorb and store
rainwater and reduce runoff and sediment deposit after
storms. This helps the ground water supply recharge,
prevents the transport of chemicals into streams and
prevents flooding. Fallen leaves make excellent compost
that enriches soil.
Many animals, including elephants, koalas and giraffes eat
leaves for nourishment. Flowers are eaten by monkeys and
nectar is a favourite of birds, bats and many insects.
Animals also eat much of the same fruit that humans enjoy.
This process helps disperse seeds over great distances. Of
course, hundreds of living creatures call trees their home.
Leaf-covered branches keep many animals such as birds
and squirrels, out of the reach of predators. March – 2016
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each
a. Name one of life's essentials mentioned in the passage.
b. What do trees take in?
c. How much of oxygen is produced by one acre of forest?
d. Trees are essential to the ecosystems
i) only above ground
ii) neither below nor above ground
iii) both above and below ground.
2nd PUC
e. How is soil erosion prevented by trees?
f. The part of a tree used to make compost is its
i) flower ii) leaf. iii) fruit.
g Where is nectar, liked by birds, bats and insects, found?
h. Who call trees their home?
i. Add a prefix to the word ’essential’ to form its antonym.
j. Trees provide ___________ (additional/addition)
necessities of life.
Key Answers
a) Oxygen.
b) Carbon dioxide.
c) Four tons of oxygen.
d) (iii) both above and below ground.
e) The roots of trees hold the soil in place and thus prevent
soil erosion.
f) (ii) leaf.
g) The nectar, liked by birds, bats and insects, is found in
flowers.
h) Hundreds of living creatures.
i) Inessential.
j) additional.
6. Arunima Sinha is the first female amputee to climb
Mount Everest. She also owns the credit of the first Indian
amputee to conquer the heights of Mount Everest.
Arunima was born in 1988 in Ambedkar Nagar ofUttar
Pradesh. She has been a national volley ball and football
player. ln April 2011, she boarded the train Padmavathi
Express at Lucknow for Delhi to take an examination to
join the ClSF. To snatch her bag and gold chain, she was
pushed out of the general compartment by thieves.
Unfortunately, she fell on the parallel track and before she
could get up, another train crushed her leg below the knee.
She was rushed to the hospital with serious leg and pelvic
injuries. To save her life doctors had to amputate the
crushed leg. After this accident she was given compensation
of mere 25,000 rupees by the Indian Sports Ministry, which
caused national outrage. After this country-wide protest, she
received US $ 3,100 compensation and a job offer from
Indian Railways She also got recommendation for a job in
the ClSF after she had qualified as a Head Constable in
2012 in the ClSF examination.
While her treatment was going on at All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, she was inspired by cricketer Yuvaraj
Singh who had successfully battled cancer She also thought
of doing something in life and her strong mind determined
to conquer the peak of Mount Everest. So, she contacted
Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Mount
Everest in 201 1, and joined her training programme. Sinha
climbed island peak of 6150 meters in 2012 as preparation
for her ascent of Everest. On 1 April 2013 Sinha and
SusenMahto, a TSAF instructor, climbed Mount Everest
under the instruction of Bachendri Pal and reached the
summit of Everest at 10:52 am. on 21 May 2013. She took
52 days to reach the summit. She received 25 lakh rupees
from the Chief Minister of UP at a function organized at 5,
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Kalidas Marg residence in Lucknow. Now she has
dedicated her life to social service and welfare
programmes. She wanted to open a free sports academy for
the poor and disabled persons. March – 2017
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each
a. Where was Arunima Sinha born?
b. Name the train Arunima boarded _________
c. How much compensation was given by the Indian
Sports Ministry?
d. Arunima was inspired by _________?
i) Bachendri Pal ii) Yuvaraj Singh
iii) SusenMahto.
e. Whom did she contact to climb Mount Everest?
f .When did they reach the summit of Mt. Everest?
g. How many days did they take to reach the summit of Mt.
Everest?
h. Where was the function organised to honour her?
i. What did she want to do for the poor and disabled?
j. Give a suitable title for the above passage ________
Key Answers
a) Ambedkar Nagar of Uttar Pradesh.
b) Padmavathi Express.
c) Rs. 25,000.
d) ii) Yuvaraj Singh.
e) Bachendri Pal.
f) At 10: 52 a. m. / 21 May 2013.
g) 52 days.
h) 5, Kalidas Marg residence in Lucknow.
i) to open a free-sports academy.
j) Physical disability is no barrier to success.
7. Stress is a disease of modern times. It afflicts people
regardless of their situation in life. Stress is present in the
lives of the rich and poor, literate and illiterate, men and
women. Stress is, however, more evident and is probably
more widespread in technologically advanced countries,
and is common among their qualified professionals.
Stress is of various kinds: physical, emotional and
intellectual and it is characterized by a feeling of being
burned of being unable to cope. At a physical level modern
technology and facilities have actually increased
workloads and decreased relaxation. Mobile phones and
laptops have made it easy to carry the office to the home.
Emotional stress increases when there is disharmony and
friction in relationships. Unfortunately, the trends today
are to take the easy way out people prefer to break away
from relationships rather than repair them.
The answer to stress can be found in the very letters of the
word, stress, ‘S’ stands for strength: physical, emotional,
intellectual and spiritual. Physical and emotional weakness
leads to irritability. A strong healthy body developed
through proper diet, exercise and pranayama techniques
helps reduce stress at the physical level. Love, compassion
2nd PUC
and friendship are values strength gives that help us cope
with stress.
The scriptures say that knowledge of self cannot be gained
without inner strength. Rabindranath Tagore, in a poem,
prays to the Lord not to remove all obstacles, but instead, he
asks for strength to bear them. Before the start of
Mahabharata war Arjun was seized with doubts of
emotional weakness and he refused to fight the war. Lord
Krishna rescued him by giving him emotional strength.
‘T’ stands for traffic control. We need to regulate and
control our thoughts. We can cope with stress best if our
thoughts are orderly and methodical. Unnecessary
accumulation leads to clogging of the mind. The key lies in
being able to love one moment at a time. Eat while eating,
work While working, and leave the home at home and the
office at the office. Remember, however long we have to
travel, we can only take one step at a time. March – 2018
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each
(a) What is a disease of modern times?
(b) What are the kinds of stress mentioned in the passage?
(c) What has actually increased workloads and decreased
relaxation?
(d) When does emotional stress increase?
(e) Name any one of the techniques which can develop our
body strong and healthy?
(f) What does Rabindranath Tagore pray to the Lord in
poem?
(g) Who rescued Arjun by giving him emotional strength?
(h) What does ‘T’ stands for in the passage?
(i) Add a suitable prefix to the word ‘control’ to make its
antonym.
(j) How many steps, one can take, while we travel long?
Key Answers
(a) Stress
(b) physical, emotional, intellectual
(c) Modern technology and facilities
(d) When there is disharmony and friction in relationship
(e) diet/ exercise / pranayama
(f) Not to remove all obstacles
(g) Lord Krishna
h) Traffic Control
(i) Un control
(j) One step / one step at a time
8. Everyone needs a holiday, both to relax and to have a
change of ' environment. The holiday makers feel relaxed
and refreshed at the end of the holiday and look forward to
the resumption of their duties, be it at school, office or
factories, with renewed vigour. This is the reason why all
establishments grant their employees annual leave with the
end of the Academic year. The Schools and Universities
grant their pupils a long holiday during mid-summer. This
will last until early June when the new school term starts.
Of course the parents will like to take advantage of this and
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take their leave to coincide with the children’s vacation.
This has become a traditional holiday season in most
Asian countries particularly in India.
With the coming of April, the traditional holiday season in
India reaches its peak point and most of the holiday resorts
are packed to capacity. In order to avoid the crowd some,
prefer to take their holiday a little earlier. Those who have
already taken their holidays can console themselves not
only with reflections on the happy days spent in the
country, at the seaside or abroad but with the thought that
holiday expenses are over and by taking an earlier holiday
they have missed the April rush.
The main thing, of course is the weather and whatever the
weather is like, the essence of a holiday for most is the
carefree atmosphere in which it can be enjoyed. ‘Take all
you need but leave your worries behind’ is the sound
advice for the holiday maker. Private worries are not
‘always easy to escape from. However, even the pessimist
would admit that for the moment things appear brighter
than they have been.
Holiday time is surely a time for shedding serious
preoccupations and seeking pleasures that appeal to us.
March – 2019
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each
a) Why does ever one need a holiday?
b) How do the holiday makers feel at the end of the
holiday?
c) The holiday season lasts till ……………
d) When does the holiday season reach its peak?
e) What do some holiday makers do to avoid the holiday
crowd?
f) Who feels happy having missed the April rush?
g) What is the sound advice to the holiday makers?
h) Add prefix to the word ‘advantage’ to form its antonym.
i) What time is surely meant for shedding serious
preoccupations?
j) Children cannot control their ……………..(excite) with
the coming of the holiday season.
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of the word in
the bracket)
Key Answers
a) Both to relax and to have a change of environment.
b) Relaxed and Refreshed
c) June
d) With the coming of April
e) Prefer to take their holiday a little earlier
f) Those who have already taken their holidays
g) Take all you need but leave your worries behind
h) Disadvantage
i) Holiday Time
j) Excitement
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

9. The Manager of an Office in Shelford was a hard (d) He never mustered the courage to tell the Manager.
working man who never arrived late and never left early. (e) ‘I beg your pardon?’ OR ‘Please and Thank You’ OR
But one very important quality of men in good position he ‘Do you mind doing this?’
had never learnt and that quality was politeness. He never (f) On some difficult papers
took the trouble to be polite. He never considered the (g) A word of praise
feelings of the staff. If he wanted something done, he did h) There was no reaction OR Nothing.
not say 'Do you mind doing this?' He gave an order 'Do this (i) iiii) he was creating an opportunity for himself to teach
and be quick about it'. When he failed to hear a question, he the manager a lesson
was asked he never said 'I beg your pardon?' The words (j) ‘Im’
'Please and Thank you' formed no part of his conversation.

If he had spoken gently, the work of the office would be

done just as well, and probably better, for the staff was a ‘Education costs money, but then so does
good one. But, one after another they left and found work ignorance’.
elsewhere. No one could tell the manager why they left.
So, he never understood the Art of speaking politely.

Even his chief clerk Hollis, who had been with him for
many years, was getting tired of his rough way of speaking.
The Secretaries, the typists, even the office boy had often
complained to Hollis and begged him to tell the manager
about it but, he never mustered courage to do it. One Friday
evening, he suddenly got an opportunity. Hollis had worked
hard for several nights on some difficult papers that the
manager wanted on Friday. It had needed a great effort to
get them finished but Hollis had succeeded in doing it. He
brought them into the manager's office and laid them on his
desk, thinking that this time he might receive a word of
praise. The manager looked at them and said nothing.

As the Chief Clerk reached the door on his way out of the
office he turned around and said 'l beg your pardon, sir?' 1
didn't speak' said the manager sharply. ‘Oh!' said Hollis, 'I
thought you said Thank You'. March – 2020

Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence

each

a) What important quality did the manager lack?

b) What did the staff expect from Hollis?
c) Why were there frequent changes in the office staff?
d) Why did Hollis not tell the manager anything?
e) What were the terms used to convey politeness?
f) What had Hollis worked on?
g) What did he expect from the manager for his hard work?
h) What was the reaction of the manager for Hollis hard
work?
i) Hollis said, 'I beg your pardon sir', because
i) he was a polite man
ii) he had not heard what the manager had said
iii) he was creating an opportunity for himself to
teach the manager a lesson.
i) Add a prefix to the word 'Polite' to form an antonym.

Key Answers

(a) Politeness
(b) To tell the Manager about his impoliteness OR his
rough way of speaking.
(c) Because the Manager never understood the Art of
speaking politely.
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2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

WORK BOOK: - 2 Ans: - 1. Lord

TOPIC: - COMPREHENSION POETRY 2. Early Morning.
3. Steep.
Read the following lines and answer the questions set on
it: - 6. Child, March - 2015
Child, how happy you are sitting in the dust, playing with
1. An blow by all the winds that pass, a broken twig all the morning!
And wet all the showers, I smile at your play with that little bit of a broken twig.
She walks amid the meadow grass, I am busy with my accounts, adding up figures by the hour.
(a) Who is referred to as ‘She’ in the above lines Perhaps you glance at me and think ‘What a stupid game
(b) Where does she walk? to spoil your morning with!’
(c) What does she eat there? Child, I have forgotten the art of being absorbed in sticks
and mud-pies.
Ans: - 1. The Cow (a) What is the child doing?
2. Amid the meadow grass. (b) What is the poet busy with?
3. Meadow Flowers. (c) Who has forgotten the art of being absorbed in sticks
and mud –pies?
2. The merry mice stay in their holes
And hide there all the day; Ans: - 1. Playing with a broken twig all the morning.
But when the house is still at night, 2. Busy with his accounts., adding up figures by the
The rouges come out and play. hour.
(a) Where do the merry mice stay? 3. The poet.
(b) For whom much time do they stay there?
(c) What do they do at might? 7. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, March - 2016
And sorry I could not travel both
Ans: - 1. In their holes And be one traveler, long I stood
2. All the day. And looked down one as far as I could
3. They come out and play. To where it bent in the undergrowth;
(a) Where did the two roads diverge?
3. Young leaves grow green on the banyan twigs, (b) The word ‘both’ in the second line refer to two
And red on the peepal tree, (i) Woods (ii) Travelers (iii) Roads
The honey-birds pipe to the budding figs, (c) What does the word ‘One’ in the fourth line refer to?
And honey blooms call the bee.
(a) What grows on the banyan twigs? Ans: - 1. In a yellow wood
(b) What is the colour of the leaves of the peepal tree? 2. (iii) Roads
(c) To whom do the honey blooms call? 3. Road

Ans: - 1. Young green leaves 8. That murmer, soon replies: March - 2017
2. Red. ‘God doth not need
3. They call the bees. Either man’s work or His own gifts’: Who best
Bear His Mild yoke, they serve his best.
4. At the corner of Wood Street, when daylight appears, (a) Who does the God not need?
Hangs a thrush that sings loud, it has sung for three years: (b) ‘Bear ‘His’ mild yoke’. ‘His’ refers to ……………
Poor Susan has passed by the spot, and has heard (c) How do they serve the God?
In the silence of morning, the song of the Bird.
(a) Who has passed by the spot? Ans: - 1. Either man’s work or His own gifts
(b) What is the ‘Spot’? 2. God
(c) What has been heard and by whom? 3. By Bearing His Mild yoke / they serve him best.

Ans: - 1. Poor Susan 9. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, March - 2018
2. The corner of Wood Street. And sorry I could not travel both
3. Susan heard the song of the bird. And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could …………….
5. Lord, I am so tired (a) Where did the two roads diverge in?
Tired I entered this world. (b) Why did the poet say sorry?
Far have I wandered since the cock crew, (c) What did he do being stood long?
And the road to school is steep.
Lord, I do not want to go into their school. Ans: - 1. In a yellow wood
(a) Who is addressed by the speaker? 2. Because he could not travel both
(b) What time of day does ‘Since the cock crew’ suggest? 3. Looked down one as far as he could
(c) How is the road to school according to the poet?
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 2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

10. A free bird leaps March - 2019

on the back of the wind
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wings
in the orange sunrays.
(a) Who leaps on the back of the wind?
(b) How long does the bird float?
(c) The bird dips his wing in …………..
(i) orange sun rays (ii) blue sky (iii) dark cloud

Ans: - 1. A free bird

2. Till the current ends
3. orange sun rays

11. Seven years I could not walk a step March - 2020

When I to the great Physician came
He demanded: why the crutches?
And I told him: I am lame.
(a) Who could not walk a step?
(b) Where did the man go?
(c) What was the reason given by the man for using the
crutches?

Ans: - 1. The Speaker or The Poet

2. To the great Physician
3. He was Lame

‘The Best way to predict your Future is to create it’.

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 2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

WORK BOOK: - 3 Ans: - had fallen, had masked, had gone.

TOPIC: - RIGHT FORM OF THE VERB
– PASSIVE VOICE 9. The prince agreed to show mercy and so the
matter ............... (arrange). The only problem was that
Complete the following by filling the blanks using the there was no suitable prison for a person who ............
right form of the verb given in brackets: - (sentence) for life. However, there was a small lock-up
where people ...........(keep) temporarily.
1. Cycles have become the most popular means of transport March - 2016
in Pudukkottai. Women ............... (See) cycling to their
work places. Their dependence on men ...................... Ans: - was arranged, was sentenced, were kept.
(reduce). An all-women’s cycling rally ............... (organise)
as a part of this drive. 10. The gaming houses ............... (keep) in German
Sovereign, because the source of revenue ...............
Ans: - can be seen, has been reduced, was organised (collect) from them, but a few years ago they ...............
(forbid) to do so. March - 2017
2. Ministers ..................... (summoned) and it ......................
(decide) to sentence the murderer for life and a Ans: - were kept, was collected, were forbidden.
guard .................... (place) to look after him.
11. Once a murder ............... (commit) in the kingdom of
Ans: - were summoned, was decided, was placed. Monaco. The committee ............... (force) to look for the
ways to punish the criminal. Finally, the
3. The kingdom neither had a guillotine nor an executioner. punishment ............... (give) to him.
Therefore, a council ..................... (call). It (decide) to write March - 2018
a letter to the French Government. The letter .....................
(send) Ans: - was committed, was forced, was given.

Ans: - was called, was decided, was sent.
4. The criminal ..................... (sentence) for life. A
guard ..................... (place) over him. Every day the
food ..................... (bring) by the guard from the palace
kitchen.
12. Roof’s spirits feel when he ……..(ask) to cast his vote.
He …….. (worry) andconfused. He took out his ballot
paper from his pocket and looked at it. He ………
(confront) by the car and the head. March - 2019
Ans: - was asked, was worried, was confronted.

Ans: - was sentenced, was placed, was brought.
5. The king of Monaco was looking over the accounts. A
new item of expenditure (notice) by him. In order to reduce
this expenditure, the guard ..................... (dismiss) and the
criminal ..................... (ask) to run away.
Ans: - was noticed, was dismissed, was asked.
13. Tapovan …….. (write) by Rabindranath Tagore, a
national poet. According to him, the culture of the
forest …….. (influence) by the diverse processes of
renewal of life. The forest ……… (symbolize)
March - 2020
Ans: - was written, was influenced, symbolized.

6. Roof ..................... (know) to everyone in Umuofia. The

campaigner of POP party met him. No words ..................... ‘Learning is not attained by chance; it must be
(waste) between them. .....................(give) five pounds to sought for with ardour and diligence’.
cast his vote for Maduka.

Ans: - was known, were wasted, was given.

7. The kingdom of Monaco was a peaceful and peace loving

country. Once a murder..................... (commit) there.
They ..................... (force) to look for way to try and punish
the criminal, at last, the criminal .....................(punish) for
his crime.

Ans: - was committed, were forced, was punished.

8. Roof’s Spirits .............. (fall) but he let no one see it. All
morning, he ............. (mask) his deep worry with a surface
exertion which was unusual. By this time, the spring ……....
(go) clean out of his walk. March - 2015
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2nd PUC
WORK BOOK: - 4
TOPIC: - REPORTED SPEECH
Report the following conversation: -
1. Dona Laura : Are you coming Tomorrow?
Don Gonzalo : Most certainly, if it is sunny morning.
And not only will I not scare away the birds, but I will
bring a few crumbs.
Dona Laura : Thank you very much. Birds are
grateful and repay attention.
Ans: - Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo whether he was
coming the next day.
Don Gonzalo replied that he would most certainly if
it was a sunny morning. He also promised that he wouldn’t
scare away the birds, but would bring a few crumbs
Dona Laura thanked him and added that birds were
grateful and repaid attention.
2. She sat thinking, ‘All this is none of my concern’.
The old man went on, ‘His name was not Sangoji, but
Basavaiah. I am amazed at how facts take on such
varied guises when it is narrated as fiction’.
Ans: - She sat thinking all that was none of her concern.
The old man went on talking and said that his name
was not Sangoji. He further said that he was amazed at how
facts took on such varied guises when it was narrated as
fiction.
3. Don Gonzalo : I am fond of good verses. I composed
some in youth.
Dona Laura : Were they good ones?
Don Gonzalo : Why do you ask me such a question?
Dona Laura : Don’t be angry.
Ans: - Don Gonzalo said that he was fond of good verses.
He said that he had composed some in his youth.
Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo if they had been
good ones.
Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura why she asked him
such a question
Dona Laura told Don Gonzalo not to be angry.
4. Petra : The guard is waiting for me.
Dona Laura : Do you like to chat with your guard?
Petra : He is not mine.
Dona Laura : Wait a moment.
Petra : What does the Senora wish?
Ans: - Petra said to Dona that the guard was waiting for her.
Dona Laura asked Petra if she liked to chat with her
guard.
Petra said that he was not hers.
Dona Laura told Petra to wait a moment.
Petra asked her mistress what she wished for.
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5. Dona Laura : Youth should have asked permission to
sit on this bench.
Don Gonzalo : The bench here are public property.
Dona Laura : Why do you complain about the
priests, then?
Don Gonzalo : Are you taunting me?
Dona Laura : Don’t grumble.
Ans: - Dona Laura told Dona Gonzalo that he should have
asked permission to sit on that bench.
Don Gonzalo Said that the benches here were
public property.
Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo why he had
complained about the priests then.
Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura is she was taunting
him.
Dona Laura told Don Gonzalo not to grumble.
6. POP Campaigner : We went your vote
Rufus Okeke : How can I vote for Maduka?
POP Campaigner : Are you talking this money or
not?
Rufus Okeke : Will it not be heard outside this house?
POP Campaigner : Don’t worry about it.
Ans: - The POP Campaigner told Rufus Okeke that they
wanted his vote.
Rufus Okeke asked the campaigner how he could
vote for Maduka.
The campaigner asked Rafus Okeke if he was
talking that money or not.
Rufus Okeke asked the campaigner if it would not
be heard outside that house.
The campaigner told Rufus Okeke not to worry
about it.
7. Don Gonzalo : Are you speaking to me, Senora?
Dona Laura : Yes.
Don Gonzalo : What do you wish?
Dona Laura : You have scared away the birds. They
were feeding on my crumbs.
Ans: - Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura if she was
speaking to him.
Dona Laura replied in the affirmative.
Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura what she wished
for.
Dona Laura said that he had scared away the birds.
She said that they had been feeding on her crumbs.
8. Dona Laura : Do you use a shoe brush as a
handkerchief?
Don Gonzalo : What right have you to criticize my
actions?
Dona Laura : A neighbour’s right.
Don Gonzalo : I do not care to listen to nonsense.
Dona Laura : You are very polite. March - 2015
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

Ans: - Dona Laura asked Dona Gonzalo whether he used a
shoe brush as a handkerchief.
Don Gonzalo retaliated asking what right she had to
criticize his action.
Dona Laura replied that hers was a neighbour’s right.
Don Gonzalo retorted that he did not care to listen to
nonsense.
Dona Laura sarcastically remarked that he was very
polite.
9. Roof : I work for Marcus Ibe March – 2016
POP Campaigner : We have plenty of work to do
tonight.
Roof : Will it not be heard outside this room?
POP Campaigner : We are after votes, not gossip.
Ans: - Roof expressed that he worked for Marcus Ibe.
POP Campaigner told him that they had plenty of
work to do that night.
Roof expressed his anxiety by asking ‘If it would not
be heard outside that room’.
POP Campaigner replied that they were after votes,
not gossip.
10. Dona Laura : Will you go to your bench tomorrow?
Don Gonzalo : No, I will come here.
Dona Laura : What will you bring for the birds?
Don Gonzalo : I will bring some crumbs for the birds.
March - 2017
Ans: - Dona Laura asked Dona Gonzalo whether he would
go to his bench the next day.
Don Gonzalo replied negatively and said that he
would come there.
Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo what he would
bring for the bird.
Don Gonzalo replied that he would bring some
crumbs for the birds.
Ans: - Alifano asked Borges what blindness was to him.
Borges replied that it was a way to life. He further toldthat
in his case the visible world had moved away from his
eyes.
Alifano asked him if/whether he had thought of writing
book on the history of the book.
Borges told him that it was an excellent idea.
13. Dona Laura : Do you use your handkerchief as a
shoe brush?
Don Gonzalo : Why not?
Dona Laura : Do you use a shoe brush as a
handkerchief?
Don Gonzalo : What right have you to criticize my
action?
Dona Laura : A neighbour’s right March - 2020
Ans: - Dona Laura questioned Don Gonzalo whether he
used his handkerchief as a shoe brush.
Don Gonzalo replied why he could not.
Dona Laura asked him whether he used a shoe brush
as a handkerchief.
Don Gonzalo demanded (replied or answered) what
right she had to criticize his action.
Dona Laura replied that she had a neighbour’s right.
‘Early childhood education is the key to the betterment
of society’.

11. Don Gonzalo : That bench over there is mine.

Juanito : Three priests are sitting there.
Don Gonzalo : Rout them out. Have they gone?
Juanito : Still they are talking. March - 2018

Ans: - Don Gonzalo told Juanito that bench over there was
his bench.
Juanito informed him saying that three priests were
sitting there.
Don Gonzalo asked him to rout them out. Then he
inquired him if they had gone.
Juanito replied that still they were talking.

12. Alifano : what is blindness to you?

Borges : It is a way of life. In my case the visible world
has moved away frommy eyes.
Alifano : Have you thought of writing book on the
history of the book?
Borges : It is an excellent idea. March – 2019

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2nd PUC
WORK BOOK: - 5
TOPIC: - DIALOGUE WRITING
Complete the following dialogue: -
1. Student: Good Morning Sir, I want an application form
to …………… (giving purpose of visit)
Bank Clerk: Good Morning, to open an account you have
to ……………… (giving instruction)
Studen t: What else should I submit along with filled in
form?
Bank Clerk : ……….(Instructing to submit address proof)
Student : …………………………(giving thanks)
Ans: - Student : Good Morning Sir, I want an application
form to open a bank account.
Bank Clerk : Good Morning, to open an account you have
to fill in the application form.
Bank Clerk : You have to submit an address proof.
Student : Thank you very much sir, for your help.
2. Anitha : …………… (Greeting) May I come in?
Vinitha : ……………… (Responds to greeting)
Anitha : ………….… (Introduces herself) your next door
neighbour.
Vinitha : ………… (Introduces herself) Please sir down.
Ans: - Anitha : Hello, Good Morning. May I come in.
Vinitha : Good Morning, please come in.
Anitha : I am Anitha, your next door neighbour.
Vinitha : I am Vinitha. Please sir down.
3. Stranger : Excuse me, …………… (ask for direction)
Resident : ……………… (giving direction)
Stranger : Is it far?
Resident : ……………… (approximate distance)
Stranger : ……………… (express gratitude / leave taking)
Ans: - Stranger : Excuse me, may I know how to reach
Bannerghatta Biological Park
Resident : Go straight and turn to the right at the circle.
Immediately after the turn, you will find Bannerghatta
Biological Park on your left.
Stranger : Is it far?
Resident : It’s approximately 2 kms from here.
Stranger : Oh, Thank You very much. You have been very
kind.
4. Patient : Hello, is it 240042?
Receptionist : ……………… (giving information)
Patient : Could I speak to the doctor?
Receptionist : ……………… (Confirms absence)
Patient : Who am I speaking to?
Receptionist : ……………… (giving introduction)
Patient : …………… (fix an appointment for the same day)
Ans: - Patient : Hello, is it 240042?
Receptionist : Yes. What can I do for you?
Patient : Could I speak to the doctor?
Receptionist : I am sorry. He is not around.
Patient : Who am I speaking to?
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Receptionist : I am Anandi, the receptionist.
Patient : Could I get an appointment for this evening?
5. Agent : …………… (Greeting)
Mrs. Dixit : ………… (Seeking information regarding a trip
to Greece)
Agent : ……………… (Giving information)
Mrs. Dixit : ……………… (Expressing gratitude)
Ans: - Agent : Good Morning, Ma’am. Please have a seat
Mrs. Dixit : Good Morning, I want to get information
regarding a trip to Greece.
Agent : Fine. We have very attractive foreign tour scheme.
For further details, go through this brochure.
Mrs. Dixit : Thanks a lot. Have a Nice Day.
6. Deepak : Rani, today my boss told me that I could take a
vacation. March - 2015
Rani : Wow! ……………… (Congratulating)
Deepak : ……………… (Suggesting a place)
Rani : ……………… it will be too cold (Disagreeing)
Deepak : …………… it will be lovely. (Giving an option)
Ans: - Deepak : Rani, today my boss told me that I could
take a vacation.
Rani : Wow! Congratulations
Deepak : Shimla
Rani : No
Deepak : Nainital
7. Kiran : Good Morning. March - 2016
Javeed : ……………… (Greeting) What can I do for you?
Kiran : Is ……………… (asking for information)
Javeed : Yes, the flat is still vacant.
Kiran : What is the rent?
Javeed : The rent……………… (giving information)
Kiran : ……………… (Leave taking)
Ans: - Kiran : Good Morning.
Javeed : Good Morning.
Kiran : Is your flat vacant?
Javeed : Yes, the flat is still vacant.
Kiran : What is the rent?
Javeed : The rent is 3,000 rupees
Kiran : O.K. Thank you. Bye.
8. Baskar : Good Morning! Sir ………. (Introducing) in
organic products company. March - 2017
Vishal : ………… (reply greeting) …….(offering help).
Baskar : I have brought some products of daily use. Could
you please buy them?
Vishal : ……………… (agree) if they are available at a
reasonable price.
Baskar : Sure Sir, I will reduce the price. …...…(expresses
gratitude)
Ans: - Baskar : Good Morning! Sir I am Baskar working
in organic products company.
Vishal : Good Morning. How can I help you?
Baskar : I have brought some products of daily use. Could
you please buy them?
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

Vishal : Yes, I will buy. If they are available at a reasonable Rekha: Thank you, bye (Thanks giving , Leave taking)
price.
Baskar : Sure Sir, I will reduce the price. Thank You.
‘Education is the key to unlock the golden door of
9. Student : Good Morning Sir, …………… (introduces freedom’.
himself) March - 2018
Principal : Yes, what do you want?
Studen t: I have passed SSLC in first class, ………………
(seeking suggestion about combination)
Principal : …………….. (giving suggestion)
Student : No, I would like to join for science.
Principal : O.K. You can come and join tomorrow.
Student : ……………… (Expressing gratitude)

Ans: - Student : Good Morning Sir, I am Anthony

Principal : Yes, what do you want?
Student : I have passed SSLC in first class, which
combination should I take.
Principal : You can join for commerce.
Student : No, I would like to join for science.
Principal : O.K. You can come and join tomorrow.
Student : Thank You Sir.

10. Mother : Can you book a car for me? March - 2019
Son : …………..(agreeing) where do you want to go?
Mother : ……………… (giving information)
Son : At what time do you need the car?
Mother : …………… (mentioning time)
Son : Ok. I will book it.
Mother : …………….. (Expressing gratitude).

Ans: - Mother : Can you book a car for me?

Son : Yes mother, I can ( agreeing) where do you want to
go?
Mother : I want to go to Mysore. (giving information)
Son : At what time do you need the car?
Mother : At 7 am (mentioning time)
Son : Ok. I will book it.
Mother : Thank you my dear son. (Expressing gratitude).

11. Salesman: Good Morning Madam (Greeting)

March - 2020
Rekha: ………….. (Enquiry)
Salesman: Are you looking for any particular brand
(Information)
Rekha: …………… (Giving Preferences)
Salesman: These brands are very popular madam.
Rekha: …………. (Selecting)
Salesman: Certainly, madam
Rekha: …………. (Thanks giving, Leave taking)

Ans: - Salesman : Good morning madam (Greeting)

Rekha: I am looking for a good television (Enquiry)
Sales man: Are you looking for any particular brand ?
(Information)
Rekha: I am looking for a sony or a Samsung (Giving
Preference)
Salesman: These brands are very popular madam
Rekha: I prefer Samsung (Selecting)
Sales man: Certainly madam
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2nd PUC
WORK BOOK: - 6
TOPIC: - APPROPRIATE EXPRESSIONS
Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate
expressions given in the bracket: -
1. Politics had ............... when Marcus Ibe was ...............
being dismissed from his job as a mission school teacher.
(On the Verge of, to be in a fix, come to his rescue)
Ans: - come to his rescue, on the verge of.
2. The telephones are situated on a table or a counter in
Japan. Anybody, any passer-by could ................ , but
nobody does. The telephone-receiver can be .............
(one’s castle, all and sundry, listen-in)
Ans: - listen-in, one’s castle.
3. Blandford felt as though he were being ................... when
he saw the woman well past forty. But he felt friendship
was more precious than love. So he ..................... and
saluted the woman holding the book "Of Human Bondage.”
(to get hold of, squared his broad shoulders, split in two)
Ans: - split in two, squared his broad shoulders.
4. Tansukh was a successful broker. He was able
to ...................... on both the buyers and the sellers. He was
so skillful that he could ...................... or the other way
round. (turn a pearl to a pebble, cast a spell, take into
account)
Ans: - cast a spell, turn a pearl to pebble.
5. Julianne rubbed Vaseline on her body ...................... the
maggots. But her efforts were ....................... So she had to
make a skewer to dig them out.
(in vain, be equal to, to get rid of)
Ans: - to get rid of, in vain.
6. Rukmini Devi ............. when Anna Pavlova walked away
in hurry. Her ............ when Anna complemented her grace.
(to feel a bit down, run out of, face lit up)
Ans: - felt a bit down, face lit up.
7. Baba Amte ................... his job and decided to work for
the welfare of the social outcasts who ............... his support.
(looked forward to, put up with, give up)
Ans: - gave up, looked forward to.
8. The owner of the farm became lazy and wasted all his
wealth. His wife was ................. and became apprehensive.
Their life was gradually getting .............
(on cloud nine, out of hand, in a fix).
Ans: - in a fix, out of hand.
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9. The young man ................. on horseback every morning
down the rose path under her window and .................. to
her balcony a bouquet of flowers which she caught.
(toss up, set up, pass by)
Ans: - passed by, tossed up.
10. Hob was a big bully. Joe would be .................. by him.
But Joe thought about him that his brain was ...................
(no bigger than a nut, squared shoulders, crushed like a
beetle)
Ans: - crushed like a beetle, no bigger than a nut.
11. A lot of women in Pudukkottai were unable to wait for
ladies’ cycles. Therefore, they had to ...................... men’s
cycle. They knew that bicycles ...................... time, wasted
in waiting for buses. March - 2015
(Cut down on, put up with, Go in for)
Ans: - Go in for, Cut down on.
12. The number of motor vehicles in Brazil is growing
by .......... almost as if cars were distributed free of charge
to............ March - 2016
(all and sundry, leaps and bounds, fair game)
Ans: - leaps and bounds, all and sundry.
13. Cycling has ............... Pudukkottai district. In this
district all rural women used cycles, because it..................
on time wasted in waiting for buses. March - 2017
(put in, cuts down, swept across)
Ans: - swept across, cuts down.
14. After the arrival of the old man the owner of the
Garden became lethargic and ...................... from hard
work. Then gradually he was addicted to adultery and
other vices. His wife became helpless and had
to....................... him. March - 2018
(put up with, shield away, umpteen)
Ans: - shield away, put up with.
15. Dirty remarks were passed by people when
women …………cycling. Women like Jameela and
Fathimadid not……... They zipped along the roads of
Pudukkottai and continued to inspire others. March - 2019
(make up, give up, took to)
Ans: - took to, give up
16. The number of motor vehicles in Brazil is growing
by ………… almost as if cars were distributed free of
charge to …………. March - 2020
(all and sundry, fair game, leaps and bounds)
Ans: - leaps and bounds, all and sundry
“Children are our most valuable resource.”
2nd PUC
WORK BOOK: - 7
TOPIC: - LINKERS
Fill in the blanks with the right linker: -
1. The young man took refuge at Don Gonzalo’s house. He
went to Servile, ………. then came to Madrid. He wrote
letters to Laura ………. they were intercepted by her
parents. ………. In despair, he joined the army ………. he
met a glorious death in the war. (but, and, at last, then)
Ans: - and, but, then, at last.
2. There was ………. a Guillotine for cutting the heads
off ……… an executioner in Monaco. ……… the ministers
wrote a letter asking the French Government whether they
could lend them a machine ……… an expert to cut off the
criminal’s head off. (and, neither, so, nor)
Ans: - neither, nor, So, and.
3. ……….., all this rivalry between Tammanna and
Basavaiah looked like healthy competition. ………. It took
a new turn. ………. it rose to such a pitch that there was no
land left in the village for them to buy. All land belonged
to ……… Tammanna or Basavaiah.
(to begin with, however, gradually, either)
Ans: - However, Gradually, To begin with, either.
4. The Kingdom of Monaco was a peaceful and peace
loving country. ………. they did not feel the need to keep
an army or a police force. ………. once, a murder was
committed there. ………. they were forced to look for ways
to try and punish the criminal. ………. they decided to give
him a pension and send him away.
(but, eventually, so, then)
Ans: - So, But, Then, Eventually.
5. ………. Roof would have out it. Then, he had received a
stranger visit from the leader of the POP Campaign
team, ………. he and Roof were well – known to each
other ……….. might even be called friends, his visit was
cold and business like. No words were wasted. He placed
five pounds on the floor ……… roof. March - 2015
(before, and, although, as)
Ans: - As, although, and, before.
6. ……….. the old man came to the garden one day ……….
walking hundreds of miles, the owner of the garden was
free and relaxed. ………. the owner’s wife was
worried ……….. her husband became lethargic and shied
away from hard work. (but, when, because, after)
Ans: - When, after, But, because.
7. Our past is nothing ………. a sequence of dreams. Book
are the great memory of all centuries of the past. ……….
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their function is irreplaceable. ……… books disappear,
then ………. History would disappear.
(surely, but, therefore, if)
Ans: - but, Therefore, if, surely.
8. If Tammanna bought four acres of land, Basavaiah also
followed suit. ………. one had ten friends, the other got
fifteen admirers. ………. all this looked like healthy
competition. ………. it rose to a feverish pitch. ………. it
led to unhealthy rivalry between the two of them.
(gradually, initially, finally, if)
Ans: - If, Initially, Gradually, Finally.
9. Eating soup in Japan is more dangerous than anything
else. ………. Eating soup, one must make a fearful noise
as it is a sign of appreciation. ………. a European who
tries to make such a noise will be be considered an ill –
mannered lout ………. it is not liked by the Japanese
hostess. ……… one must be careful in Japan if she is
offered soup. (while, because, therefore, however)
Ans: - While, However, because, Therefore.
10. The rains had failed. …. all the wells and tanks had
run dry. …… overcome the problem the municipal
authorities sunk a number of bore wells …. they could
supply water to the citizens. .... the situation was brought
under control. (Thus, so that, therefore, in order to)
Ans: - Therefore, In order to, so that, Thus.
11. Roof was a young and energetic man. He never left his
village ……. seek work in the towns …. decided to remain
in the village to guide his people. ……. he was very
popular. …… he was an expert in election campaigning.
March – 2016
(moreover, but, in order to, so)
Ans: - in order to, but, So, moreover.
12. ………. Tammanna bought four more acres adjacent to
his land. Basavaiah ……….. followed suit. If one had ten
friends ……….. the other acquired fifteen admirers. All
this looked like healthy competition. ………. this
competition turned to rivalry. March – 2017
(However, at first, also, then)
Ans: - At first, also, then, However.
13. Rufus Okeke came back to his village ………. the
completion of his bicycle repairer’s apprentice from
Harcourt. ………. he wanted to help and guide his people
in the coming elections. Then he supported PAP with all
his heart and soul ……… had to change his mind in the
end ………. vote for both the parties. March – 2018
(but, after, and, because)
Ans: - after, Because, but, and.
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

14. The General of Monaco asked each of his soldiers to cut

the criminal’s head off. ………. no soldiers came forward
to do it. ………. the ministers of Monaco assembled a
commission. ………. They, appointed a committee and a
sub – committee. ………. they decided that he best thing
would be to alter the death sentence to one of life
imprisonment. March – 2019
(besides, but, at last, therefore)

Ans: - But, Therefore, Besides, At last.

15. A dramatic Chipko movement took place in the

Himalayan village of Adwani in 1977 ………….. a village
woman named Bachni Devi led resistance against her own
husband ………….. had obtained a contract to cut trees.
Her involvement in Ecology, …………….
Chipko, ……………. was as taking place in the Himalayan
region. March – 2020
(that, when, with, who)

Ans: - when, who, with, that

‘An investment in knowledge pays the best interest’.

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 WORK BOOK: - 8
TOPIC: - NOTE MAKING

Read the following passage and make notes by drawing and filling the boxes given below: -
1. It is believed that the Indus Civilization was the joint creation of the Aryan and Pre – Aryan inhabitants of
India. This civilization was principally associated with the cities of Mohenjodaro and Harappa which were
first discovered. The people of this civilization were Multi – Ethnic. In the skeletal remains of this
civilization there is an evidence of the presence of Proto – Australoid, Mediterranean, Alpine and
Mongoloid racial elements who, no doubt, contribute to its growth. The civilization was urban and a very
remarkable one.

Indus Valley Civilization

Inhabitants that Jointly created

1 2

Associated with cities

3 4

People were

Racial elements that contributed

6 7 Alpine 8

Ans: - 1. Aryan
2.Pre –Aryan
3. Mohenjodaro
4. Harappa
5. Multi – Ethnic
6. Proto – Australoid
7. Mediterranean
8. Mongoloid

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2. At the core of Yakshagana is the himmela. This entourage of musicians includes a narrator, singer and
musicians, playing the Chande and maddale, drums and the harmonium. Their performance usually touching
on just one main story and a few sub stories is called a Prasanga.

The Core of Yakshagana

Includes Performance called

2 8

Play

5 6 7

Ans: - 1. Himmela
2. A narrator
3. Singers
4. Musicians
5. Chande and Maddale
6. Drums
7. Harmonium
8. A Prasanga

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3. Rajasthan boasts of its colourful culture, cheerful people and their extraordinary passion for kite – flying
or Patangbazi, a special cultural sport and pastime of the region. The kite – flying is celebrated to herald the
coming of spring. It is also a leisure sport and a passion among foreign tourists too. The people of Rajasthan
enjoy the rich tradition of kite – flying.

Rajasthan boasts of

1 2 3

Patangbazi is

4 and 5

Kite – flying celebrated to herald

To foreign tourists, kite – flying is

7 8

Ans: - 1. Colourful Culture

2. Cheerful People
3. Passion for Kite - flying
4. Special cultural sport
5. Pastime
6. Spring
7. Leisure Sport
8. Passion

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4. The Mid – Atlantic ridge lies under the Atlantic Ocean covering an area of 1,60,000 kilometers. It lies
between the north Atlantic Ocean and the Antarctic Circle. It is the world’s largest mountain range. The
ridge has many high peaks. Some of the highest peaks form islands. The ice lands and the Azores are the
two big islands formed by the peaks. In comparison the largest mountain range on the surface is the Andes
in South America. Its length is only 7200 kilometers.

The largest mountain range under sea

Area

Lies between

3 4

Big islands formed by the peaks

5 6

The largest mountain range on the surface

Area

Ans: - 1. The Mid – Atlantic ridge

2. 1,60,000 kilometers
3. North Atlantic Ocean
4. The Antarctic Ocean
5. The Iceland
6. The Azores
7. The Andes in South America
8. 7200 km

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5. There are three kinds of oil – animal, vegetable and mineral. A major portion of animal oil comes from
whales and some kind of fish. These oils may be bought from any medical shop. Vegetable oil is extracted
from the seeds of plants and is used for cooking. When an engineer refers to oil, he always means mineral
oil that drives motor cars, aero planes and tanks. This oil comes out of the earth and is very essential for our
existence.

Kinds of Oil

1 2 3

received from

4 5 6

used for

7 8

Ans: - 1. Animal
2. Vegetable
3. Mineral
4. Whales
5. Seeds of plants
6. Earth
7. Cooking
8. Driving

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6. The term ‘Resource’ is derived from French, and it means tools. Natural resources are the raw materials
and the sources of energy present on the earth. They include the deposits of coal, crude oil, and natural gas.
The basic needs of our existence such as air, water and soil, which gives us food, also belongs to resources
that we may able to exploit in future. March – 2015

Term ‘Resource’ derived from

It Means
1 2

Sources of Energy
Present on the Earth Deposit

3 4 5

Basic needs of Existence

6 7 8

Ans: - 1. French
2. Tools
3. Coal
4. Crude Oil
5. Natural Gas
6. Air
7. Water
8. Soil

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7. Paper was discovered in Chine by an official named Tsai Lun. He discovered it in about AD 105. Until
then most of the documents in China had been written on parchment and Vellum. Parchment was made from
the skin of goats or sheep. Vellum was made from the skin of a calf. A number of animals had to be killed to
make a book. However, now we do not have to do that. We use wood pulp, at present, for making paper.
March – 2016

Paper At present made from

1

Discovered by Discovered in Year of discovery

2 China 3
1

Documents before AD 105 written on

4 and 5
1
made from the skin of made from the skin of

6 7 8

Ans: - 1. Wood Pulp

2. Tsai Lun
3. AD 105
4. Parchment
5. Vellum
6. Goats
7. Sheep
8. Calf

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8. Vertebrate animals can be either warm – blooded or cold – blooded. A cold – blooded animal cannot
maintain constant body temperature. The temperature of its body is determined by the outside surroundings.
Cold blooded animals are also called ‘Ectothermic’, which means outside heat. They are reptiles,
amphibians and fishes. Warm blooded animals are able to regulate their internal temperature. They have fur
and feather to keep them warm. They are also called ‘Endothermic’ meaning heat inside. They are birds and
mammals. March – 2017

Vertebrates either

1 Or 2

Also called Also called

6 6

They are They are

Birds 4 5 6
8

Ans: - 1. Warm blooded

2. Cold blooded
3. Ectothermic
4. Reptiles
5. Amphibians
6. Fishes
7. Endothermic
8. Mammals

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9. Krishnadevaraya ruled the Vijayanagara Empire. He gave a good governance during this regime. Gold,
silver and diamond were sold on the streets of Vijayanagara. He respected men and women equally. In his
court, there was a clown called Tenali Rama who was known for his wit. March – 2018

Krishnadevaraya ruled

During his regime sold

2 3 4

Krishnadevaraya
Respected Court Clown

5 6 7

Known for

Ans: - 1. Vijayanagara Empire

2. Gold
3. Silver
4. Diamond
5. Men
6. Women
7. Tenali Raman
8. Wit

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10. The most complex of all tissues is the bone. It serves as a framework, giving form to the body,
protecting the vital organs and bearing weight and strain. It is also a storehouse for calcium, which is
supplied to the blood. March – 2019

Complex Tissue

Serves as Gives form to Protects

2 3 4

Store house for Bears

7 5 6

Supplied to

Ans: - 1. Bone
2. Framework
3. To the body
4. Vital Organs
5. Weight
6. Strain
7. Calcium
8. The blood

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11. The hospital, as we see today, began to evolve only around 19 th century. People began to live in better
conditions. They felt the need for more cleanliness and good Expert care. In the past, nuns, priests and other
members of the church had done the nursing. The first hospital was St. Thomas Hospital by Florence
Nightingale. March – 2020

The Hospital

Began Live In
People Felt
1 2

In The Past

7
5 6

First Hospital

Ans: - 1. Around 19th Century

2. Better Conditions
3. Need for more cleanliness
4. Good expert care
5. Nuns
6. Priests
7. Other members of the Church
8. St. Thomas Hospital

‘If the only tool you have is a hammer; you tend to see every problem as a nail’.

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 WORK BOOK: - 9
TOPIC: - JOB APPLICATION

1. Write a letter in response to the following advertisement which appeared in ‘The Times of India’ dated 12
April 2015. (Write XXX for Name and YYY for address.) March – 2015

INDIA TODAY REQUIRES

JOURNALISTS

Qualification: M.A. In Journalism

Mass Communication

Candidates with 3 years’ experience will be given preference.

Should have excellent communication skill. Apply within 10 days.

Apply: To The Editor, INDIA TODAY

No. 1, M.G. Road
Bangalore - 560006
XXX
YYY

13th April, 2015

The Editor,
INDIA TODAY
No. 1, M.G. Road
Bangalore – 560006

Dear Sir,
This is in response to your advertisement in the ‘The Times Of India’, dated 12 April 2015 for the post
of Journalists.

Since I am a postgraduate in Mass Communication and have four years’ experience as a magazine
editor. I fulfill your requirements for the post. I hope you will consider me for the post as Journalism is a
passion with me.

I have enclosed my resume for the perusal.

Thank You,

Yours Faithfully,
XXX

Enclosures,

1. Curriculum Vitae / Resume

2. Testimonials

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 Curriculum Vitae
Name : XXX

Father’s Name : YZ

D.O.B : 03 / 08 / 1992

Permanent Address : YYY

Mobile Number : 97 - - - - - - - -

Email Number : abchedjf@gmail.com

Nationality : Indian

Knowledge of Language : English, Kannada, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil

Educational Qualification

Examination Board / University Year of Passing Result

SSLC KSEEB 2007 Distinction

P.U.C PUE Board 2009 Distinction

B.COM Bangalore 2012 Distinction

MICE Bangalore 2014 Distinction

Additional Qualification : ITI – Basics & ITI – Board

Experience : Editor of ‘Vikasana’ for four years

Achievements : Six publications in Sunday editions of ‘The Times of India’,

Best short story award by Alibi writers.com
Salary : Negotiable

Hobbies : Reading, Painting, Listening to Music

Reference
XXX XXX
YYY YYY
Bengaluru Dharwad
Declaration: -

I hereby declare that the information submitted above is true to the best of my knowledge.

**************

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2. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement, which appeared in ‘The Deccan
Herald’ dated 7th March 2016. (Write XXX for Name and YYY for address.) March – 2016

WANTED
OFFICE ASSISTANT

Qualification: PUC with First Class

Computer Knowledge
Fluency in Kannada, English and Hindi
Experience Preferred.

Apply: The Managing Director

Shree Matha Technologies Ltd
377, Abhi Towers, KVK Layouts
Mysore Road
Bangalore - 560017

XXX
YYY

8th March, 2016

The Managing Director,

Shri Matha Technologies Ltd
377, Abhi Towers,
Mysore Road
Bangalore – 560017

Dear Sir,
I write this letter in response to your advertisement in ‘The Deccan Herald’, dated 7 th March 2016 for
the post of Office Assistant.

I fulfill all the conditions laid down by you and hence I hope that I will be considered for the post. I
have enclosed my resume for you to get a complete idea about my credentials.

I hope to be called for an interview where I can provide you with more details and relevant documents.

Thank You,

Yours Faithfully,
XXX

Enclosures,

1. Curriculum Vitae / Resume

2. Testimonials

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 Curriculum Vitae
Name : XXX

Father’s Name : YZ

D.O.B : 03 / 08 / 1996

Permanent Address : YYY

Mobile Number : 97 - - - - - - - -

Email Number : abchedjf@gmail.com

Nationality : Indian

Knowledge of Language : English, Kannada, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil

Educational Qualification

Examination Board / University Year of Passing Result

SSLC KSEEB 2011 Distinction

P.U.C PUE Board 2013 Distinction

Experience : 18 months, as office Junior Assistant in Reliance Digitals, Bangalore.

Computer Skills : MS Word and Excel

Salary : Negotiable

Hobbies : Reading, Painting, Listening to Music

Reference
XXX XXX
YYY YYY
Bengaluru Dharwad
Declaration: -

I hereby declare that the information submitted above is true to the best of my knowledge.

**************

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3. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement, which appeared in ‘The Indian
Express’ dated 10th March 2017. (Write XXX for Name and YYY for address.) March – 2017

RENUKA DEVI INSTITUTE REQUIRES

HOSTEL WARDENS

Qualification: B.A / B. Com / B.Sc

Experience: Minimum two years, excellent communication Skill

Apply: The Secretary

Renuka Devi Institute
6th Main, 4th Block
Malleshwara Nagar
Hyderabad

XXX
YYY

11th March, 2017

The Secretary
Renuka Devi Institute
6th Main, 4th Block
Malleshwara Nagar
Hyderabad

Dear Sir,
I write this letter in response to your advertisement in ‘The Indian Express, dated 10th March 2017 for
the post of Hostel Wardens.

I fulfill all the conditions laid down by you and hence I hope that I will be considered for the post. I
have enclosed my resume for you to get a complete idea about my credentials.

I hope to be called for an interview where I can provide you with more details and relevant documents.

Thank You,

Yours Faithfully,
XXX

Enclosures,

1. Curriculum Vitae / Resume

2. Testimonials

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 Curriculum Vitae
Name : XXX

Father’s Name : YZ

D.O.B : 03 / 08 / 1990

Permanent Address : YYY

Mobile Number : 97 - - - - - - - -

Email Number : abchedjf@gmail.com

Nationality : Indian

Knowledge of Language : English, Kannada, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil

Educational Qualification

Examination Board / University Year of Passing Result

SSC A.P Board 2006 Distinction

Intermediate BIEAP 2008 Distinction

B.Sc Andhra University 2011 Distinction

Additional Qualification : Public speaking course / Java computer course

Experience : Assistant Warden at Bhuvana Hostel, Hyderabad for 3 years.

Achievements : Best Garden prize from the Horticulture Department for the garden at
Bhuvana Hostel.
Salary : Negotiable

Hobbies : Reading, Painting, Listening to Music

Reference
XXX XXX
YYY YYY
Bengaluru Dharwad
Declaration: -

I hereby declare that the information submitted above is true to the best of my knowledge.

**************

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4. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement, which appeared in ‘The Deccan
Herald’ dated 25th May 2018. (Write XXX for Name and YYY for address.) March – 2018

WANTED
SALES MANAGER

Qualification: Any Degree

With Computer Knowledge
Fluency in English and Kannada

Experience: Preferred

Apply: The Executive Manager

Bindu Home Appliances Pvt. Ltd
P.B. Road
Chitradurga

XXX
YYY

26th May, 2018

The Executive Manager,

Bindu Home Appliances Pvt. Ltd
P.B. Road
Chitradurga

Dear Sir,
I write this letter in response to your advertisement in ‘The Deccan Herald, dated 25th May 2018 for
the post of Sales Manager.

I fulfill all the conditions laid down by you and hence I hope that I will be considered for the post. I
have enclosed my resume for you to get a complete idea about my credentials.

I hope to be called for an interview where I can provide you with more details and relevant documents.

Thank You,

Yours Faithfully,
XXX

Enclosures,

1. Curriculum Vitae / Resume

2. Testimonials

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 Curriculum Vitae
Name : XXX

Father’s Name : YZ

D.O.B : 03 / 08 / 1989

Permanent Address : YYY

Mobile Number : 97 - - - - - - - -

Email Number : abchedjf@gmail.com

Nationality : Indian

Knowledge of Language : English, Kannada, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil

Educational Qualification

Examination Board / University Year of Passing Result

SSLC KSEEB 2005 Distinction

PUC PUE Board 2007 Distinction

B.Com Bangalore 2010 Distinction

M.B.A Bangalore 2012 Distinction

Additional Qualification : ‘O’ Level computer course

Experience : Working with Ralco Industries as Assistant Sales Manager.

Salary : Negotiable

Hobbies : Reading, Painting, Listening to Music

Reference
XXX XXX
YYY YYY
Bengaluru Dharwad
Declaration: -

I hereby declare that the information submitted above is true to the best of my knowledge.

**************

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5. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement which appeared in ‘The Times of
India’ dated 15 March 2019. (Write XXX for name and YYY for address) March – 2019

WANTED
CUSTOMER CARE OFFICE FOR JVS MOTORS
‘The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet’.
Qualification: M.Com., Knowledge of Computer
Fluency in Kannada, English and Hindi Languages

Apply: The General Manager

J.V.S Motors
Central Towers
Hyderabad - 560001

XXX
YYY

16th March, 2019

The General Manager

J.V.S Motors
Central Towers
Hyderabad - 560001

Dear Sir,
I write this letter in response to your advertisement in ‘The Times of India, dated 15th March 2019 for
the post of Customer care officer.

I fulfill all the conditions laid down by you and hence I hope that I will be considered for the post. I
have enclosed my resume for you to get a complete idea about my credentials.

I hope to be called for an interview where I can provide you with more details and relevant documents.

Thank You,

Yours Faithfully,
XXX

Enclosures,

1. Curriculum Vitae / Resume

2. Testimonials

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 Curriculum Vitae

Name : XXX

Father’s Name : YZ

D.O.B : 03 / 08 / 1989

Permanent Address : YYY

Mobile Number : 97 - - - - - - - -

Email Number : abchedjf@gmail.com

Nationality : Indian

Knowledge of Language : English, Kannada, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil

Educational Qualification

Examination Board / University Year of Passing Result

SSLC KSEEB 2005 Distinction

PUC PUE Board 2007 Distinction

B.Com Bangalore 2010 Distinction

M.Com Bangalore 2012 Distinction

Additional Qualification : Diploma in Computer Science Aptech

Experience : Working with Lakshmi Motors as Customer Care.

Salary : Negotiable

Hobbies : Reading, Painting, Listening to Music

Reference
XXX XXX
YYY YYY
Bengaluru Dharwad
Declaration: -

I hereby declare that the information submitted above is true to the best of my knowledge.

**************

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6. Write a letter of application in response to the following advertisement which appeared in ‘Times of
India’ dated 23rd March 2020. (Write XXX for name and YYY for address) March – 2020

WANTED
JUNIOR ASSISTANTS
‘The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet’.
Qualification: PUC with first class, Computer knowledge
Fluency in Kannada, English and Hindi
Experience preferred

Apply: The Public Relations Officer

Inter Technologies
Private Limited
567, Sai Towers
Chamarajpet
Bengaluru - 560030
XXX
YYY

24th March, 2020

The Public Relations Officer

Inter Technologies
Private Limited
567, Sai Towers
Chamarajpet
Bengaluru - 560030

Dear Sir,
I write this letter in response to your advertisement in ‘Times of India, dated 23rd March 2020 for the
post of Junior Assistant.

I fulfill all the conditions laid down by you and hence I hope that I will be considered for the post. I
have enclosed my resume for you to get a complete idea about my credentials.

I hope to be called for an interview where I can provide you with more details and relevant documents.

Thank You,

Yours Faithfully,
XXX

Enclosures,

1. Curriculum Vitae / Resume

2. Testimonials

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 Curriculum Vitae

Name : XXX

Father’s Name : YZ

D.O.B : 03 / 08 / 1989

Permanent Address : YYY

Mobile Number : 97 - - - - - - - -

Email Number : abchedjf@gmail.com

Nationality : Indian

Knowledge of Language : English, Kannada, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil

Educational Qualification

Examination Board / University Year of Passing Result

SSLC KSEEB 2005 Distinction

PUC PUE Board 2007 Distinction

Additional Qualification : Diploma in Computer Science Aptech

Experience : Working with Ratnakar Appliances as Junior Assistant.

Salary : Negotiable

Hobbies : Reading, Painting, Listening to Music

Reference
XXX XXX
YYY YYY
Bengaluru Dharwad
Declaration: -

I hereby declare that the information submitted above is true to the best of my knowledge.

**************

‘You learn something every day if you pay attention’.

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2nd PUC
WORK BOOK: - 10
TOPIC: - SPEECH WRITING
1. Imagine that you are the president of the students‟
council of your college and you have to speak on
spreading awareness about cleanliness. Using the
points given below, write a speech in about 100 words.
Need for cleanliness – individual responsibility –
cleanliness at home and public places – health benefits
– beautification of nation.
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
I am honored to have been given an
opportunity to speak on the „Sense of cleanliness‟. We
need to practice cleanliness which is directly related
health. Well maintained surrounding contribute not
only to physical health but also the peace of mind. So,
it is the responsibility of every citizen to see to it that
air are not polluted. Fresh air and clean drinking water
are as necessary as eating healthy food. Brushing teeth
twice a day, bathing every day and wearing clean
clothes should be given priority. The kitchen is the
central part of any home.
The kitchen is the central part of any home. If it
is not kept clean, it becomes the breeding center for
germs. It is highly essential to keep the utensils germ
free. We need to dump garbage every day at the
designated dumping sites. People should be made
aware of cleanliness through talks and campaigns. We
should be very careful about the cleanliness of public
places. We should not litter here and there; garbage
should be thrown in dustbins.
I would like to conclude my speech by
reiterating that one only talks about cleanliness but
also practice it. Only then will the beautification of
nation be possible.
Thank you.
2. Imagine that you are the secretary of your college
union. On the occasion of „Annual Day Celebration‟,
you are required to introduce the Chief Guest whose is
given below.
Chief Guest : Dr. Rajagopalan
Native : Mysore
Education : M.A. English, Ph. D from Cambridge
University.
Profile : Worked as head of the Department of
English, Bangalore University for ten years.
Authored many books on social and literary issues.
Recipient of Central Sahitya Academy Award. Based
on the information, write a speech in about 100 words
to introduce the guest at the function.
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Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
I am honored to have been given an opportunity
to speak on the „Annual Day Celebration of our
college‟. It is my privilege to welcome a gem of
literature – Dr. Rajagopalan. After completion of his
post graduate degree course in English, he
accomplished his Ph.D. from Cambridge University.
Therefore, he served at Bangalore University as a
teacher. Highly regarded for his expertise and
intelligence, he soon climbed up the ladder of success
and became the Head of the Department of English
and worked at this post for ten years.
In addition to teaching, he had flair and lifelong
passion for writing books. He has authored many
books on social as well as literary issues. For his
excellent writings, last year he was honored with the
Central Sahitya Academy Award. Sir, you are
requested to address the students.
Thank you.
3. Your college is celebrating „Sports Day‟. You are
required to speak on „The Importance of Sports in a
student‟s life‟. Write a speech in about 100 words.
Your speech could include the following points:
Physical fitness. Mental well - being
Sound mind – sound body
Recreation
Sportive spirit
Name and fame
Job opportunities
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
On the occasion of „Sports Day‟ I would like to
share with you the importance of sports in a student‟s
life. Games are necessary for physical fitness as well
as for our mental wellbeing. Hence, every student
should enthusiastically participate in one or another
sports activity. They also help us to develop skills
needed for our future jobs as they make us popular not
only among our friends but also among the other
players and therefore, among districts, states and
countries also.
Many jobs opportunities come to us; even in the
government sector, many seats are reserved for
players. So, I would like to request all of you to take
part in at least once such activity of your interest.
Thank you.
2nd PUC
4. You are the president of the student union of your
college. You have invited the Deputy Commissioner of
your district to inaugurate the activities of the college
union. Based on the information given below, write a
speech not exceeding 100 words to introduce the
guest.
Name : Dr. Sridhar Pandey
Educational Qualification : MBBS, MD
Work Profile : Started career as a doctor in rural areas
conducted several free medical camps. Passed KAS in
2002
Worked as Assistant Commissioner at Hassan and
Bijapur. Promoted to IAS in 2011.
Interest : Photography, Music and Social Work
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
It is my honour and privilege to introduce our
distinguished Chief Guest, Dr. Sridhar Pandey, Deputy
Commissioner of our district. He has a post graduate
degree in medicine. He started out as a doctor serving
in rural area and he has conducted a number of free
medical camps. He passed KAS in 2002 and worked as
the Assistant Commissioner in Hassan and Bijapur
districts. He was promoted to the IAS in 2011. His
other interests include photography, music and social
work.
I would like to extend a warm welcome to him
and request him to activities of the college union.
Thank you.
5. Imagine that you are a member of the Social Service
Unit in your city / town. You are addressing a
gathering of students and lecturers of your college on
„The Importance of Social Service in Life‟. Write a
speech in about 100 words about it. Your speech may
include the following points.
A Selfless service to fellow human beings.
Small, yet very significant.
Adds self – satisfaction and identity to life.
Useful to develop good character.
Remain in the memory of the public.
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
I am immensely pleased that I have been given
the opportunity to speak before you on the importance
of social service of life. First of all, we may not know
what is social service in life? It is a selfless service to
fellow human beings, without any motive of earning
name or fame, without any temptation of money.
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Though it may be small in its extent yet it is very
significant.
It connects a man of the society to another man,
increases love and empathy among them. It adds to his
/ her self- satisfaction and gives identity to his life. He
gets a purpose in his life. It is very useful to develop a
good character. A good and actual social worker
always remains in the memory of the public due to the
service rendered by him / her. Let‟s take oath that from
today onwards we shall give a part of our day to such
noble causes.
Thank you.
6. Your college is celebrating „Road Safety Week‟.
You are asked to speak in your college assembly,
highlighting some of the traffic rules and mentioning
the need to follow them. Write a speech in about 100
words. Your speech should include the following
points. March - 2015
Road accidents
Negligence
Use of Mobile phones
While riding / driving
Overtaking and speeding
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
Today I would like to share some of my thoughts
on „Road Safety‟ with you. Every day in newspapers,
we read reports on road accidents. Most of the
accidents are caused by the negligence of impatient
drivers who are in a hurry and hence jump signals.
Another cause for accidents is over speeding or trying
to overtake other vehicles. The youth, in particular,
drive recklessly neglecting the traffic rules. Moreover,
many riders use mobile phones while driving. These
people not only risk their lives but also the lives of the
others. I implore you to take an oath today to follow
the traffic rules and make this „Road Safety week‟
meaningful.
Thank you.
7. Imagine that you have organized a function to mark
the „World Tourism Day‟. You have to speak on the
importance of travelling. Use the following points and
write a speech in about 100 words.
Travel – necessary – provides fun – entertainment –
information – expands one‟s understanding – mental
horizons – opportunity for visiting diverse places and
people. March - 2016
2nd PUC
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
Today we have organized a function to mark
the „World Tourism Day‟. Travelling is necessary as it
provides not only fun and entertainment but also gives
us a lot of information about the language and culture
of different places. Travelling helps to expand one‟s
mental horizon. Travelling also provides opportunity
for visiting diverse places and people.
Thus, I would like to conclude my speech by
saying that travelling is necessary especially for
today‟s generation who are leading a highly stressed
life and have less time for leisure and exercise.
Travelling provides the body a good exercise and fills
the mind with peaceful and positive thoughts.
Thank you.
8. Imagine you are the College Union President. You
are given the responsibility of introducing the guest on
the college day. Use the following information.
March - 2017
Name : Dr. Jnana V.V
Educational Qualification : M.Sc., Ph.D.
Work Profile : Scientist in Astro physics, started career
as a lecturer
Interest : Public awareness programmes on science.
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
I Bharath, as the College Union President take
the golden opportunity to introduce the Chief Guest for
today‟s College Day Progamme. Our Chief Guest is
Dr. Jnana V.V who after the completion of his M.Sc.,
Ph.D., started his career as a lecturer. Presently he is
working as a scientist in Astro Physics. His interests
along with other scientific activities, is specifically in
organizing public awareness programmes on science.
We are immensely grateful to have Dr. Jnana V.V with
us today. On behalf of our college authorities, staff and
students, I would like to extend a warm welcome to
our Chief Guest and thank you for taking time from his
busy schedule to be with us.
Thank you.
9. Imagine that you are the General Secretary of your
college union. You have to introduce the guest in the
Annual Day function in about 100 words. His personal
details are as below. March - 2018
Name : Mr. Vedamurthy
Native : Davangere
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Educational Qualification : M.A. English, KAS 2008
batch, served as lecturer in Chitradurga
Present : Asst. Commissioner Food and Civil Supply
Bellary.
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
As the General Secretary of our college union, I
am glad to welcome one and all present here in the
Annual Day function of our college. It is an honour
and privilege to welcome our Chief Guest, Mr.
Vedamurthy, who has spared his precious time for us
from his busy schedule. Mr. Vedamurthy, a native
from Davangere, is a man of selfless service. He has
done his M.A English. Then he started his career as a
lecturer in Chitradurga.
But he is a personality who never wants to stop.
Being ambitious to serve the society, he appeared in
administrative exams and passed the same under KAS
2008 batch. It is our good luck that he has been
appointed as Assistant Commissioner, Food and Civil
supply of our district, Bellary. His other interests are
photography, music and social work.
Sir, I would like to extend a warm welcome to
you. I also thank you for being with us. We feel
ourselves very fortunate to have you here.
Thank you.
10. Imagine you are the secretary of your college. On
the occasion of college day, you are giventhe
responsibility of introducing the chief guest to the
audience. Write a speech in about 100 words Using
the points given in the profile. March - 2019
Chief guest : Mrs.Sudha Murthy
Native : Shiggaon (Karnataka)
Education : B.E in Electrical Engineering from
BVB College, Hubballi
Profile : First female engineer hired by
TELCO–Chairperson of Infosys
Foundation–Memberof public care initiatives of the
Gates Foundation A teacher, Philanthropist and a
writer in Kannada and English awarded
Padmashri in 2006
Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every
one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
We have gathered over here on the occasion of
college day. I being the secretary of our college am
proud to stand before you to introduce the chief guest
of today‟s function to this august gathering. We are
extremely happy to have Mrs. Sudha Murthy as our
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

chief guest. She is a native of Shiggoan of Karnataka.
Her educational qualification is B.E. in Electrical
engineering from BVB College, Hubballi. We are
proud to know that she is the first female engineer
hired by TELCO.
She became the Chairperson of Infosys Foundation
later. She is the member of public health care
initiatives of the Gates Foundation. She is a teacher,
philanthropist and a writer in Kannada and English.
She is awarded with Padmashri in 2006. We extend
our wholehearted welcome to the great personality.
how people fit into society, makes them better
employees and even has favourable health effects.
And, no less importantly in today's world, scientists
have also found that people feel that reading books
can help give meaning to their lives.
I implore you to take an oath today to read books daily
for a meaningful life.
Thank you.
***************

Thank you. Note:- 1. Mark for greeting

2. Marks for correct language usage
11. Imagine you are the Secretary of the College 1. Mark for format
Union. A function has been organized to mark 1. Mark for leaving taking
„Library Week‟. You have to speak on the importance
of Books. Use the following points and write a speech
in about 100 words. March - 2020 ‘Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will
Books – importance – provides wisdom, knowledge - never cease to grow’.
expands mental horizon - Best company of man –
students should benefit – develop habit – purchase
books.

Ans: - Good Morning and a warm welcome to every

one present here on this momentous occasion.
Respected Principal, Teachers and My Dear
Friends.
As the Secretary of our college union, I am
glad to welcome one and all present here to the
„Library Week‟ of our college.
“A room without books is like a body without a
soul.” Books give plenty of joy to students, and they
learn a lot of things from books. They take them into a
unique world of imagination and improve their
standard of living. Books help to inspire students to do
hard work with courage and hope. They enrich the
experience of students and sharpen their intellect.
Books are the fellow friend of us with no
demands and no complaints; they just give us a kind of
happiness in the form of improved knowledge,
wisdom, information, entertainment and always help in
taking the right decisions in life. Books are our best
companies because it gives us knowledge and peace of
mind unconditionally.
Books are well known for accurate and
impartial information. Reading promotes achievement
in all subjects, not just English. Children who are good
readers tend to achieve better across the curriculum.
Children learn new words as they read.
Subconsciously, they absorb information on how to
structure sentences and how to use words and other
language features effectively in their writing and
speaking. The Power of Habit teaches you how to be
deliberate about building better habits that serve you
both in life and in business. It has a positive effect on
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2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

WORK BOOK: - 11 Ans: - Which: - Outputs

TOPIC: - PRONOUN AND REFERENTS Who: - A person
His: - A person
What do the underlined words in the following This: - Quality work
Extract refer to?
5. Scientists have studied the surface of the moon. They
1. Tom Riddle was a student of Hogwarts and a part of the have used a big telescope. It is used to make the accurate
house Slytherin. His earliest of activities was opening the map of the surface of the moon which helps to show the
chamber of secrets which belonged to Salazar Slytherin. mountains and valleys on the moon. Thus we can acquire
The chamber was accessible to the people who could only knowledge about the moon and the earth.
speak in Parsel Tongue. It was used by Tom to practice his They: - …… It: - ……
dark magic and eventually kill muggle born children. They Which: - …… We: - ……
were killed because Tom thought magic was supposed to be
practiced by pure bloods only. This became a matter of Ans: - They: - Scientists
concern for the ministry of magic who ordered for the It: - Telescope
killing of Tom Riddle. Which: - Accurate Map
His: - …… It: -…… We: - Scientists
They: - …… This: - ……
6. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931.
Ans: - His: - Tom Riddle
He was elected as the 11th president of India. His
It: -Parsel Tongue
contribution to the field of Missile Technology was
They: - Muggle born children
immense. The Second Nuclear Test was conducted in
This: - Dark Magic
Pokhram. It was a very successful mission. Pokhram
became a very famous place all over the world, where the
2. Basavaiah shrunk in humiliation. Nevertheless, he started
nuclear test was conducted.
filling his house with material wealth. But still it still
He: - …… His: - ……
looked empty. Tammanna continued with the story. The
It: - …… Where: - ……
owner’s wife did not stop him from continuing with it.
He: -…… It: -……
Him: - …… It: - …… Ans: - He: - Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
His: - Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Ans: - He: - Basavaiah It: - Second Nuclear Test
It: - Material Wealth Where: - Pokhran
Him: -Tammanna
It: - Story 7. The Capulets and Montagues were noble families in
Verona. They were dead enemies. Romeo and Juliet had
3. Born on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany, Anne love at first sight. He compared her to a snowy dove. She
Frank lived in Amsterdam with her family during World compared Romeo to a new snow.
War II. Fleeing Nazi persecution of Jews, the family went They: - …… He: - ……
into hiding for two years; during this time, Frank wrote Her: - …… She: - ……
about her experiences and wishes. She was 15 when the
family was found and sent to the camps, where she died. Ans: - They: - Capulets & Montagues
Her work, The Diary of Anne Frank, has gone on to be read He: - Romeo
by millions. Her: - Juliet
Her: -…… This: -…… She: - Juliet
She: - …… Where: - ……
8. A step ladder is something that every family needs the
Ans: - Her: - Anne Frank women in the family will find it extremely convenient when
This: - Word War II they wash the windows, and their dust. The gentleman of
She: -Anne Frank the house too will require a step – ladder when he hangs
Where: - Camps picture on the walls, when he fixes the curtains.
It: - …… They: - ……
4. Work done by an individual produces output which Their: - …… He: - ……
benefits others in the society. It helps to fulfill the needs
and purpose of life. A person who does the work feels Ans: - It: - Ladder
happy and contended when his achievements brings They: - Women
appreciation brings appreciation and satisfaction for his Their: - Windows
quality work. This provides interest to do further work He: - Gentleman
Which: -…… Who: -……
His: - …… This: - ……
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2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

9. Rumini Devi Arundale learnt Sadir. It was the art of Ans: - Which: - Ecosystem
Devadasis. She learnt it for two years. She gave her first They: - Trees
performance under a banyan tree. George Arundale was her This: - Rainwater
husband. He presented the dance as a spiritual art. Rukmini That: - Compost (Manure)
Devi’s first student was her niece. Her name was Radha.
It: - …… She: - …… 14. Arunima Sinha was inspired by cricketer. Yuvraj Singh
He: - …… Her: - …… who had successfully battled cancer. She also thought of
doing something in life and her strong mind determined to
Ans: - It: - Sadir conquer the peaks of Mount Everest. It was climbed by
She: - Rukmini Devi Arundale Bachendri Pal at first in 2011. March - 2017
He: - George Arundale Who: - …… She: - ……
Her: - Radha Her: - …… It: - ……

10. Sheela Rani Chunkath encouraged the rural women in Ans: - Who: - Yuvraj Singh
her district to buy the bicycles. She ordered the banks to She: - Arunima Sinha
sanction loans to them. Most of the women bought the Her: - Arunima Sinha
bicycles. The bicycles help them a lot. It is the symbol of It: - Mount Everest
progress. Sheela Rani was honoured for her support.
She: - …… Them: - …… 15. Rabindranath Tagore, is a poet who prays to the Lord
It: - …… Her: - …… not to remove all obstacles, asks for strength to bear them.
Before the start of Mahabharata war. Arjun was seized with
Ans: - She: - Sheela Rani Chunkath emotional weakness. Therefore, he refused to fight the war.
Them: - Rural Women But Lord Krishna rescued him by giving emotional strength.
It: - Bicycles March - 2018
Her: - Sheela Rani Chunkath Who: - …… Them: - ……
He: - …… Him: - ……
11. Luisa’s parents did not approve of her marriage to a
telegraph operator, and her son Gabriel, the oldest of twelve Ans: - Who: - Rabindranath Tagore
children, was sent to live with his maternal grandfathers. Them: - Obstacles
Marquez later said that his love of story – telling came from He: - Arjun
his grandfathers. After the riots he went to the university in Him: - Arjun
Cartagena where he took up journalism to support himself.
Her: - …… His: - …… 16. Everyone needs a holiday. It relaxes our minds.
Where: - …… Himself: - …… Holiday makers who go on a holiday feel refreshed.Parents
take their leave to coincide with children’s vacation. April
Ans: - Her: - Luisa’s whichis a traditional holiday season invites all holiday
His: - Gabriel Marquez’s makers. March - 2019
Where: - University in Cartagena It: - …… Who: - ……
Himself: - Gabriel Marquez’s Their: - …… Which: - ……

12. Ravi designs the trophies handed over to the winners. Ans: - It: - Holiday
These are presented to them with a grand ceremony. Who: - Holiday Makers
Though Ravi was not a sports man, his passion for Their: - Parents’
designing the trophies are outstanding. He has his workshop Which: - April
in West Bengal where he has been living since childhood.
March - 2015 17. Hiuen Tsang came to India to learn about people who
These: - …… Them: - …… lived here. He came walking through the mountains,
His: - …… Where: - …… facing all the odds. He was always dressed in a strange
attire and this amused people around him. March - 2020
Ans: - These: - Trophies Who: - …… Here: - ……
Them: - Winners He: - …… This: - ……
His: - Ravi
Where: - West Bengal Ans: - Who: - People
Here: - India
13. Trees are essential to the ecosystem in which they He: - Hiuen Tsang
reside. They absorb and store rainwater. This helps the This: - Strange Attire
ground water supply recharge. Fallen leaves make excellent
compost that enriches soil. March - 2016 ‘An investment in knowledge pays the best interest’.
Which: - …… They: - ……
This: - …… That: - ……
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2nd PUC
WORK BOOK: - 12
TOPIC: - JUMBLED SEGMENTS
Rewrite the Jumbled Segments to form a meaningful
sentence: -
1. Change / is / the / in / world / password / that / unlocks /
doors / driven / by / technology
Ans: - The change in the world password unlocks door that
in driven by technology.
2. Went / Gandhi / Africa / as a lawyer / to south / work / to
Ans: - Gandhi went to south Africa to work as a lawyer.
3. divided / countries / continents / the / is / into / and /
world
Ans: - The world is divided into continents and countries.
4. critics / Tammanna’s work / started / analyzing / and
translating
Ans: - Critics started analyzing and translating Tammanna’s
work.
5. peace / between us / the snuff / has made
Ans: - The snuff has made peace between us.
6. Joy / source / the / of / and / forest / beauty / is
Ans: - Forest is the source of beauty and Joy.
7. Went / Gandhi / Africa / as a lawyer / to south / work / to
Ans: - Gandhi went to south Africa to work as a lawyer.
8. write / be / intend / history / kind / me / I / to / for / to /
will
Ans: - History will be kind to me, for I intend to write.
9. nature / the duty / conserve / of / human beings / is to
Ans: - The duty of human beings is to conserve nature.
10. conscience / accusation / a / at / false / clear / laughs
Ans: - A clear conscience laughs at false accusation.
11. to cycling / Arivoli / gave / sanction / social
Ans: - Arivoli gave social sanction to cycling / Arivoli gave
to cycling social sanction.
12. plays / democracy / an important / in / role / the / media.
Ans: - The media plays an important role in democracy.
13. in a / flash / conceived / I / this / story
Ans: - I conceived this story in a flash.
14. one day / know that / Basavaiah / Tammanna was ill /
came to
Ans: - One day Basavaiah came to know that Tammanna
was ill.
15. built / that / around / a fence / land / was
Ans: - A fence was built around that land.
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16. every five years / held / their leaders / one in / to elect /
elections are
Ans: - Elections are held once in every five years to elect
their leaders.
17. terrible / to get / you want / Delhi’s / don’t / heat? /
away from
Ans: - Don’t you want to get away from Delhi’s terrible
heat?
18. be / water / used / should / Judiciously
Ans: - Water should be used Judiciously.
19. forest / the / of beauty / joy / is / source / and
Ans: - Forest is the source of beauty and Joy.
20. application / my resume / I / with this / have / enclosed
Ans: - I have enclosed my resume with this application.
21. extensions / our sight / is an / the microscope / of
Ans: - The microscope is an extension of our sight.
22. is located / on the / a / banks of / the river / huge
temple
Ans: - A huge temple is located on the banks of the river.
23. knowledge / not just / the source of / was / and freedom
/ the forest
Ans: - The forest was not just the source of knowledge and
freedom.
24. performance / our / well – known / its / for / team / is
Ans: - Our team is well – known for its performance.
25. to identity / competitions / in students / are held /
talents / and appreciate
Ans: - Competitions are held to identity and appreciate
talents in students.
26. the / was / I / traffic / of / because / delayed
Ans: - I was delayed because of the traffic.
27. own/ every / its / language / country / has
Ans: - Every country has its own language
28. old people / helpful / kind / and / to / should be / one
Ans: - One should be kind and helpful to old people.
29. humility / a lot / simplicity / has / with / to do
Ans: - Simplicity has a lot to do with humility
30. sports / and / business / world / in the / also / rife / is /
corruption / of
Ans: - Corruption is also rife in the world of sport and
business.
31. extremely / expensive / in Brazil / motor cars / are
March - 2015
Ans: - Motor cars are extremely expensive in Brazil
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

32. to us / given / all things / for a purpose / have been

March - 2016
Ans: - All things have been given to us for a purpose.

33. is / our imagination / an extension / only the book / of /

and memory March - 2017
Ans: - Only the book is an extension of our imagination and
memory

34. seven thousand / in Monaco / there are / only / men

March - 2018
Ans: - There are only seven thousand men in Monaco.

35. peace loving / was a / kingdom / monaco. March - 2019 March - 2019
Ans: - Monaco was a peace loving kingdom

36. Own / Every / it’s / language / country / has

March - 2020 March - 2019
Ans: - Every country has its own language.

‘Education is not preparation for life; education is

life itself’.

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2nd PUC
REVISION
TOPIC: - KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare
Romeo speaks about Juliet
 Romeo describes the beauty of Juliet.
 She teaches the torches to burn the bright.
 She is as a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear.
 Her beauty is too good for this world.
 She is too dear for the earth.
 She is like a white dove among the crows.
 Romeo's hand becomes holy if he touches her.
 He did not love such a beautiful lady earlier.
Juliet speaks about Romeo
 Juliet describes Romeo's charm.
 Romeo is like a day comes at the night.
 He is whiter than a new snow.
 She calls the gentle night to witness his charm.
 Romeo should be cut into little stars after her
death.
 He would make the face of heaven so fine.
 By loving the night, people forget the garish sun.
Too Dear!
Leo Tolstoy
 There were seven thousand people in the kingdom
of Monaco.
 There was a real kinglet.
 He collected revenue from the gaming house
people played roulette.
 There were taxes on tobacco, wine and spirit and a
poll-tax.
 A man committed a murder in Monaco.
 He was sentenced to death.
 But Monaco had no guillotine and executioner.
 So they sought the help of France.
 France demanded 16,000 francs to send.
 So the king sought the help of Italy.
 Italy demanded 12,000 francs.
 It was also too much.
 Then the criminal was given life imprisonment.
 A guard was needed to look after him.
 The man had to be fed.
 The yearly costs were 600 francs.
 It was too much. So the guard was dismissed.
 The criminal ate the food from the palace kitchen.
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 He did not try to escape as his character was
ruined.
 He was finally given yearly pension
 He remained in exile just outside of the country.
On Children
Kahlil Gibran
 The speaker says ‘your children are not your
children’.
 They are the sons and daughters of Life's longing.
 They come through the parents but not from them.
 Though they are with the parents, yet they do not
belong to them.
 The arrows are children and bows are parents.
 The parents can give their love but not their
thoughts.
 Because the children have their own thoughts.
 The parents may house their bodies but not their
souls.
 Their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow.
 The parents cannot visit in their dreams.
 The archer is God.
 The arrows are children and bows are parents.
 The bending is in the archer’s hand.
 The archer loves the arrow that flies and the bow
that is stable.
Everything I Need To
Know I Learned In
The Forest
Vandana Shiva
 Vandana Shiva started her ecological journey in
theforests of the Himalayas.
 She joined the Chipko Movement.
 She liked Bachini Devi who opposed her husband
to cut the trees.
 She used the methods of biodiversity on her farms.
 She started Navadanya Farm.
 The conservation of biodiversity became the
answer tothe food and nutrition crisis.
 She started the Earth University to teach Earth
Democracy.
 Earth Democracy is a shift from anthropocentrism
toecocentrism.
 Rabindranath Tagore writes an essay "Tapovan".
 Indian culture is with trees, rivers and lakes.
 The forest is the source of beauty and joy, of
harmony and perfection.
 The end of consumerism and accumulation is the
beginning of the joy of living
2nd PUC
A Sunny Morning
Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quinter
On a sunny morning, Dona Laura was feeding
pigeonswith bread crumbs.
Laura and Gonzalo met there.
He sat on the bench with the old lady.
They accused each other for their private seat.
A pinch of snuffhelped them to make peace
They sneezed three times each.
Then they began to chat in a friendly manner.
They were old lovers.
He remembered her as "The Silver Maiden".
She did not like to marry a merchant.
The merchant was badly wounded by Gonzalo.
So Gonzalo went to Seville and then to Madrid.
Then Gonzalo went to Paris with a ballet dancer.
Laura got married after two years.
They framed stories about their own death.
Laura posed herself to be the friend of the real
Laura.
Gonzalo also posed as the cousin of the dead
Gonzalo.
When You Are Old
W.B Yeats
 The speaker had madly fallen in love.
 But his beloved never responded to his love.
 One day she would become old and her hair would
turngrey.
 She would lose the soft look of her deep eyes.
 She would feel drowsy and tired all the time.
 She would sit by the fireplace sleeping and
warming herself.
 He wanted her to read his book of poems.
 The others loved her physical beauty.
 But he loved her pilgrim soul.
 The poet's sad soul would hide itself behind the
stars.
The Gardener
P. Lankesh
 Tammanna came to the garden one day
 He was well-versed in agriculture.
 The income improved.
 The life-style of the owner was completely
changed
 He became lethargic
 His wife felt fear for his adultery.
 His ten acre farm grew.
 His life was also gradually getting out of hand.
 He told a story to the wife of the owner.
 Tammanna was Basavaiah's rival.
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 Tammanna had 1000 acres and Basavaiah had 800
acres.
 Basavaiah acquired two hundred acres forcibly.
 So Tammanna wanted to put an end to the rivalry.
 He started composing poems and singing them.
 The rivalry moved from the visible domain to the
invisible.
 Basavaiah encroached Tammanna's land.
 Tammanna was ill. His disease was Basavaiah’s
health.
 He thought of death to punish Basavaiah.
 After a few days he left, Basavaiah died.
 He had no more reason to live
 Man lives for unbearable vengefulness.
 He is so complicated until his death.
To The Foot From Its
Child
Pablo Neruda
Foot- the symbol of the journey of life
Continuously toiling
The child’s dream-butterfly or an apple
Hardships teaching the lesson of reality
Soft nails grow into hard opaque substance
Blind foot walks everywhere
Foot descending into underground
Death marks the end of journey
I Believe That Books
Will Never Disappear
Robert Alfino with Jorge Luis Borges
 Borges was educated by his father's library
 His mother Dona Leonor was an extraordinary
person.
 Borges became blind
 Blindness was a way of life and a resource
 He suffered humiliation and embarrassment.
 He wanted to write a history of book.
 Poetry is intimate and essential
 It is the aesthetic act.
 Book is the most astounding invention of man.
 Only the book is man's imagination and memory.
 Borges believes that books would never disappear.
 If books disappear, surely history and man
woulddisappear.
 Because books are the great memory of all
centuries
 Time and river, life and dreams, death and sleep,
stars andeyes, flowers and women are the
metaphors.
2nd PUC
Heaven, If You Are
Not On Earth
Kuvempu
 The speaker says that if heaven is not on earth, it is
not elsewhere.
 If the people themselves are not gods, there are no
Gods
 If the people are not nymphs, they are no nymphs
 Murmuring stream, the surf at the end of the
waves, the tender sunshine in the green gardens
and gentle sun-allmake this earth heaven.
 Heaven is scattered everywhere in the form of
harvest and moonlight
 The poet drinks the nectar of song and creates real
heaven on earth.
Japan And Brazil
Through A Traveler’s
Eye
George Mikes
 A travelogue-a story of a travel
 People and culture of Japan and Brazil
 Privacy in Japan
 Bowing mania
 Making sound while eating soup
 Brazilians walk slowly
 Driving speedily
 Cars are expensive
 Life of pedestrians-difficult
 The drivers quarrel but no anger or hostility
 Depiction of positive and negative aspects
The Voter
Chinua Achebe
 Roof was a political campaigner in his village
Umuofia. Hewas in the service of his village. He
inspired the villagers to vote for Marcus Ibe
 Marcus Ibe was Minister of Culture in the outgoing
Marcusgovernment. He belonged to the PAP. He
would surely winin the next election. He was not a
successful teacher. He joined politics from a
female teacher's complaint. Later hewould marry
her. He remained devoted to his people. Once he
accused his wife for insulting Roof.
 He named to his new house as Umuofia Mansions.
 The villagers had given their votes free of charge
fiveyears ago. Now they received four shillings to
vote for Marcus.
 The POP gave Roof five pounds to vote
forMaduka. He also swore in on lyi. At the end,
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Roof cut hisballot into two. He put the first half into
Maduka's box(head symbol) and another half into
Marcus Ibe's box (carsymbol). He consoled himself
that he had given justice to both.
Where There Is A
Wheel
P. Sainath
Cycling became a social movement in Pudukkottai
District.
Sheela Rani Chunkath started the idea of cycling in
1991.
She included mobility. Jameela Bibi, Fatima and
Avakannistarted cyclingnot give attention to the
dirty remarks. Arivoli Iyakkam ledliteracy drive.
Muthu Bhaskaran composed the cycling song
Cycling is a symbol Song.
Cycling is the symbol of Independence, freedom
and Mobility.
N. Kannammal gave the rural women confidence.
Cyclingreduced their dependence on men.
They bring water, selltheir agricultural or other
products on their bicycle.
Itsaves time, increases leisure time.
It boosts income.
It has brought the sense of self – respect
N. Kannammal said, 'It is a Himalayan
achievement’.
Water
Challapalli Swaroopa Rani
 The speaker describes the agony of the Panchamas,
thewada girl and the incident of Karamachedu
Suvarthamma of waterwho opposed the Kamma
land lords.
 Water is witness to centuries of social injustice.
For the untouchables, it was a mighty movement.
 It was Mahad struggle at the Chadar tank.
 They had no water even for aweekly bath.
 But the entire village bathed twice a day.
 The village Malapalle was burnt into ashes for a
pot.
 Water is destroyer with tsunami waves.
 Thiswater can create many struggles between the
village andthe wada,and between one states to
another.
 But it is nowin a Bisleri bottle. It has a new name
'Mineral Water".
 Ithas become a multinational market commodity.
 It isomniscient and contains the world
"Don't stop until you're proud."
2nd PUC English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh

REVISION 27. Laura Llorente was known as.............. in her locality in

TOPIC: - KEY EVALUATION QUESTIONS 'A Sunny Morning'
a) Dream girl b) golden lady c) silver maiden
28. What establishes peace between Dona Laura and Don
I. Answer the following in a word, phrase or a sentence
Gonzalo?
each:-
29. What right does Dona Laura claim to have to criticize
Don Gonzalo?
1. When according to Juliet would Romeo make the face of
30. Who was called "The Silver Maiden' in 'A Sunny
heaven so fine?
Morning?
2. Who in 'Romeo and Juliet is compared to a 'rich jewel in
31. What does Don Gonzalo offer to bring to the dark the
an Ethiope's ear'?
3. Who in 'Romeo and Juliet' is compared to a 'snowy next day in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
32. Mention any one of the aspects that the speaker loved in
dove'?
his beloved in 'WhenYou Are Old'.
4. Whom does Romeo address as 'yonder lady'?
33. What does the speaker want his beloved to dream of in
5. When according to Juliet would all the world be in love
'When You Are Old'?
with night?
34. What does the speaker want his beloved to do when she
6. Who according to Juliet would make the face of heaven
is old in 'When You Are Old'?
as fine as stars?
35. Mention one of the means suggested to Tammanna
7. Name the special source of revenue in the kingdom of
through which he would getback his land from Basavaiah.
Monaco.
36. What became the main reason of Tammanna's life in
8. What business does the king of Monaco monopolize in
The Gardener'?
"Too dear"?
37. What was the most important possession of Tammanna?
9. Mention one of the taxes imposed by the king of
38. Whom did Tammanna consider as the most important
Monaco.
among all his possessions in 'The Gardener'?
10. Mention one of the reasons for the soldiers' refusal to
39. Tammanna's disease was Basavaiah's …………………
execute the criminal in Too Dear.
a) Health b) Weakness c) Sorrow
11. Mention any one of the commodities that was taxed in
40. When according to Tammanna did Basavaiah have no
Monaco.
more reason to live?
12. Whom does the council refer to as a ‘Brother Monarch’
41. Name one of the things that the child's foot wants to be
in ‘Too Dear’?
in Neruda's poem.
13. What does the phrase 'the bow that is stable' refer to in
42. What do the soft nails of quartz change themselves into
'On Children'?
in "To the Foot from its Child'?
14. Where according to the speaker of 'On Children' do the
43. Where is the 'Child's foot' condemned to live?
souls of children dwell
44. Which according to Borges is the most astounding
15. What according to the speaker can parents not visit in
invention of man?
'On Children'?
Or
16. In 'On Children', 'You may give them your love but not
Which is the most astounding invention of man according
your
a) Dreams b) Thoughts c) Gladness to Borges?
45. Which library does Borges visualize in his dream?
17. In 'On Children', God loves the arrow that flies as well
46. Whom does Borges look upon as an 'intelligent and
as the bow that…………
gracious woman'?
a) Does not bend b) breaks. c) is stable
47. According to Borges the telescope is the extension of
18. What does the phrase ‘Living Arrows’ refer to in ‘On
our…….
Children’?
a) Sight b) Voice c) Arms
19. What does 'Terra Madre' mean in 'Everything I Need to
48. Borges looks upon blindness as a ………..
Know I Learned in theForest'?
a) way of life b) miserable circumstance c) major handicap.
20. What according to Vandana Shiva does Earth
49. When according to the speaker can there be no Gods in
University teach?
'Heaven, if you are noton Earth?
21. Name the author of 'Tapovan' as mentioned in
50. Who can create heaven on earth in 'Heaven if you are
'Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest’
not on Earth'?
22. Name the woman who led resistance against felling
51. According to the speaker of 'Heaven, if you are not on
trees in the village of Adwani.
Earth' heaven is…………….
23. What has replaced bio-diversity according to Vandana
a) On earth b) not on earth c) beyond earth.
Shiva?
52. ………….. does creates ‘Heaven if you are not on
24. Where according to Vandana Shiva did the dramatic
Chipko actions take place? Earth'?
a) Man b) poet c) God
25. Mention any one of the things that replaced ‘A Vibrant
53. Whom according to George Mikes do the Japanese
Earth’ according to Vandana Shiva.
stores employ?
26. In the play 'A Sunny Morning'. 'The silver maiden'
54. What according to George Mikes is a sign of
refers to
appreciation when eating soup inJapan?
a) Petra b) Dona Laura c)the ballet dancer.
55. Who are the drivers in Brazil on the look-out for?
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2nd PUC
56. Whose life is becoming more hazardous in Brazil every
day according to Georg Mikes?
57. What according to George Mikes do the driver and
pedestrian finally do after the chase in Brazil?
58. Where, on the election morning, did Marcus Ibe sit
shaking hands with the villagers?
59. Which is the symbol of People's Alliance Party in 'The
Voter’?
60. Who did Roof campaign for in 'The Voter'?
61. How long had Roof been a bicycle repairer's
apprentice?
62. What is the symbol used by Marcus Ibe in the election
in 'The Voter’?
63. How much money did the leader of POP campaign team
offer Roof, for his vote in ‘The Voter’?
64. What has been a chosen medium for rural women of
Pudukkottai?
65. Whose brainchild is the cycling movement according to
P. Sainath as mentionedin 'Where There Is A Wheel?
66. Name one of the women who have trained young
women from their communal in the art of cycling.
67. In which district of Tamil Nadu, according to P.
Sainath, has cycling been a social movement?
68. Name the person who wrote the famous cycling song
mentioned in 'Where There Is a Wheel’
69. Mention any one of the advantages gained due to
cycling by the neo literate women of Pudukkottai district?
70. What according to the speaker of 'Water' is a witness to
social injustice?
71. Where according to speaker did the Mahad struggle take
place?
II. Answer any eight of the following choosing at least
two from the poems in a paragraph of 80-100 words
each:-
1. How does Romeo glorify Juliet's beauty?
2. How does Romeo describe Juliet?
3. Romeo claims to have never seen true beauty till he saw
Juliet. How does he justify his statement?
4. How is Romeo mesmerized by the beauty of Juliet at first
sight?
5. How does Romeo justify that he had never seen true
beauty till he seen Juliet.
6. What made the king of Monaco alter his decisions in
dealing with the criminal?
7. Why did the authorities in Monaco fail to carry out the
death sentence?
8. How does the narrator describe the "Toy Kingdom' in
'Too Dear?
9. Why does the criminal in "Too Dear refuse to escape
from the prison? Explain
10. Mention the reasons stated by the prisoner in ‘Too
Dear’ for not going out of the prison.
11. Why was the murderer finally, subjected to life
imprisonment in ‘Too Dear’?
12. Why was the criminal finally, offered pension in ‘Too
Dear’? How did this offer benefit him?
13. How should parents raise their children according to the
speaker of 'On Children'?
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14. How is the parent-children relationship brought out
using the metaphor of bows and arrows in 'On children?
15. 'Your children are not your children' How is this
statement relevant with reference to 'On Children'? Explain
16. How does Vandana Shiva describe the ‘Nava Danya
farm’?
17. Write a note on ‘The Navadanya Farm' started by
Vandana Shiva.
18. Bring out the significance of the Rights of Nature as
explained by Vandana Shiva in her essay.
19. How according to Vandana Shiva does Tagore highlight
the importance of nature in his easy ‘Tapovan’.
20. How does Vandana Shiva explain the significance of
‘Right of Nature’ recognized by Ecuador in her essay?
21. What account does Don Gonzalo give Dona Laura
about his cousin's life after the duel?
22. What fictitious story did Gonzalo spin about himself to
hide his true identity?
23. How do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura accuse each
other at the beginning of the play 'A Sunny Morning’?
24. Narrate how according to Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo
the sad love affair of her friend and his cousin ended.
25. Narrate the incidents that led to the separation of Laura
and Gonzalo in their youth.
26. What do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo accuse each
other of on meeting in the park? Describe.
27. How does the speaker distinguish his love from that of
the others in the poem 'When You Are Old'?
28. What does the speaker visualize about his beloved in
'When You Are Old'? Explain.
29. How does the speaker contrast his love with that of the
other in 'When You Are Old'?
30. Give an account of the strategies used by Tammanna to
destroy Basavaiah.
31. Trace the course of rivalry between Tammanna and
Basavaiah that moved away from visible domain to an
abstract domain.
32. Bring out the changes in the lifestyle of the owner after
the arrival of ‘The Gardener'
33. How does Tammanna take revenge on Basavaiah
through invisible means?
34. How did the owner's life change after the arrival of the
old man in 'The Gardener'?
35. How did Basavaiah try to surpass Tammanna? Why
wasn’t he successful?
36. The Gardener’s arrival was the cause for anxiety of the
owner’s wife. Explain.
37. Bring out the stages of hardships faced by the foot after
being confined in a shoe.
38. Why does Borges say that the books will never
disappear in spite of modern modes of Communications?
39. Finding precise words is important in the art of poetry.
How does Borges justify this in his interview?
40. Why does Borges define poetry as intimate and
essential and that which cannot be defined without
oversimplifying?
41. How does Borges describe his mother and his feelings
for her in his interview?
42. Why does Borges say blindness is a way of life and a
resource in ‘I Believe that books will never disappear’?
43. Why according to Borges will books never disappear?
2nd PUC
44. How according to the speaker does one find heaven on
earth in 'Heaven, if you are not on Earth'?
45. Describe how the poem, 'Heaven, if you are not on
Earth' visualizes heaven in nature.
46. Why does the speaker of 'Heaven, if you are not on
Earth' say that heaven is right here on earth?
47. ‘One’s life is how one looks at it, bring out the
significance of this with reference to the poem, 'Heaven, if
you are not on Earth'.
48. How does George Mikes describe bowing to be a
quainter and infectious trait of Japanese people?
49. How according to George Mikes do the bowing
gentlemen change into savages in Japan?
50. How does George Mikes bring out the humour in the
Japanese mannerism of bowing?
51. According to George Mikes, the people of Brazil are
both leisurely and speed- loving Explain.
52. Give an account of the Japanese mania for bowing as
described by George Mikes.
53. ‘Japanese follow a complicated hierarchy in bowing’.
Explain with reference to Japanese manners.
54. How according to the speaker do drivers behave in
Brazil as soon as they get steering wheels in their hands?
55. 'Roof is a clever manipulator.' Justify
56. Give an account of Roof's role as an election
campaigner.
57. ‘The Voter' ridicules the power and selfishness of
Marcus Ibe. Explain
58. Describe the significance of meeting between Roof and
POP Campaign team in ‘The Voter’.
59. In what different ways has cycle empowered rural
women in Pudukkottai?
60. How did Sheela Rani Chunkath empower the
Pudukkottai women by including cycling in the literacy
drive?
61. Discuss how cycling movement has empowered the
rural women of Pudukkottai
62. How does cycling empower rural women according to
P. Sainath?
63. Comment on how the cycling reduced the women's
dependence on men withreference to Sainath's essay.
64. ‘Cycling has become a symbol of freedom’. Explain
with reference to ‘Where there is a wheel’?
65. How has cycling enhanced a sense of self – respect in
the women of Pudukkottai?
66. Why is water a mighty movement according to the
speaker of 'Water?
67. What personal memories does the speaker associate to
water in the poem 'Water'?
68. The difference of race and agony of the Panchama due
to water has been effectively brought out in 'Water’.
Explain.
69. Bring out the bitter instances recollected by the speaker
in ‘Water’.
70. ‘Water is a witness to many struggles’. Explain with
reference to the poem, ‘Water’.
III. Answer the following in about 200 words.
1. 'Your children are not your children.' How does the poet
illustrate this truth in the poem "On Children"?
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English Ehthashamuddin J Sheikh
2. 'Conservation of biodiversity is crucial for the sustenance
of both nature andhuman society'. Discuss with reference to
Vandana Shiva's essay
3. 'A Sunny Morning' portrays the wit and humour through
Don Gonzalo andDona Laura's spontaneous reactions.
Explain.
4. "The ways of Providence are strange.' How is this true in
case of Don Gonzaloand Dona Laura?
5. Bring out the instances from the play 'A sunny morning'
to justify it as a blendof romance and comedy.
6. 'A Sunny Morning' revolves around concealing and
revealing Laura andGonzalo's identity. Elaborate
7. ‘Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura out with each other in
weaving stories about their own death’. Elucidate.
8. How does Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura. Justify the
conduct of their friend and cousin after they were
separated?
9. The speaker addresses a young lady in her old age.'
Comment on the timesequence used by the poet in 'When
you Are Old'
10. ‘But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you’. How does
the speaker justify this in ‘When you Are Old'?
11. The poem ‘To the Foot from its Child' is a journey of
human life. Elucidate.
12. Bring out the contrast between Illusion and reality in
‘To the Foot from its Child'.
13. ‘Literature is a dream’. How is this brought out by
Borges in ‘I Believe books will never disappear’?
14. 'Roof was the most trusted of the whispering
campaigners.' To what extent isthis true in ‘The Voter’?
15. Do you think that 'The voter' is right in demanding
money to vote for MarcusIbe? Explain.
16. ‘There comes a time in every man’s life to decide’.
Explain with reference to ‘The Voter’.
17. Wheel brings progress.' Justify this statement with
reference to 'Where There IsA Wheel'
18. How does the poem 'Water' demonstrate the disparity
and discrimination in oursociety using water as a symbol?
"Stop being afraid of what could go wrong and
think of what could go right."