‫الدرس الثامن‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ :[٩٣‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮوف )‪:(Biliteral signs‬‬

‫)ي( ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺮوﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺣﺮف ‪:d‬‬

‫‪Sd‬‬ ‫‪Qd‬‬ ‫)‪Dd (later dd‬‬

 ‫)ك( ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺮوﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺣﺮف ‪:D‬‬

‫)‪oD (later od‬‬ ‫‪wD (later wd,‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪nD‬‬

‫‪HD‬‬

‫إعراب الصفات‬
‫)‪(Syntax of Adjectives‬‬
‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ :[٩٤‬ﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ذات اﻟﺨﺒـﺮ اﻟﻮﺻـﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﺑـﺸﻜﻞ ﺗـﺎم ﻓـﻲ اﻟـﺪرس‬

‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺶ‪.‬‬

‫وﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﻛﻨﻌـﺖ )‪ ،(epithet‬أﻧﻈـﺮ اﻟـﺪرس اﻟﺮاﺑـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴـﺚ رأﻳﻨـﺎ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺘﺒـﻊ اﺳـﻤﻬﺎ‬

‫وﺗﺘﻔــﻖ ﻣﻌــﻪ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻌــﺪد )‪ (number‬واﻟﺠــﻨﺲ )‪ .(gender‬وﻳﺒﻘــﻰ ﻟﻨــﺎ أن ﻧﻼﺣــﻆ أن ﻣﺜــﻞ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟــﺼﻔﺔ ﻗــﺪ ﺗﻔــﺼﻞ‬

‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﻋﻦ اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (genitive‬أو ﺑﻈﺮف )‪ .(adverb‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪swt.f nt R-Qrrt Dsrt imt S#wt "his holy places of RoQereret which are in‬‬
‫‪Siût".‬‬
‫"أﻣﺎﻛﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ُ ِ ِِ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮرت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ أﺳﻴﻮط"‪.‬‬

‫‪wo im nb "each one thereof".‬‬

‫"ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ أﻳﺔ ﺣﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﻳﻠﺘﺼﻖ اﻟﻨﻌﺖ )‪ (epithet‬واﻻﺳـﻢ )‪ (noun‬ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﺤـﻮ وﺛﻴـﻖ ﻟﺪرﺟـﺔ أﻧﻬﻤـﺎ ﻳﻌـﺎﻣﻼن‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ )‪ .(compound‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪t-HD.sn "their white bread".‬‬

‫"ﺧﺒﺰﻫﻢ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ"‪.‬‬

‫‪gs-Hry.sn "their upper side".‬‬

‫"ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي"‪.‬‬

‫وﻳﻘﺘ ــﻀﻲ اﻷﻣ ــﺮ اﻵن أن ﻧ ــﺼﻒ ﻃ ــﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ أﻛﺜ ــﺮ ﻧ ــﺪرة ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴ ــﺮ ﻋ ــﻦ اﻟ ــﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬اﻟﻤ ــﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﻨﻌ ــﺖ‬

‫)‪:(epithet‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗــﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟــﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﻛﺎﺳــﻢ )‪ (noun‬وﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬــﺎ اﻻﺳــﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺻــﻮف )‪ (qualified noun‬ﻓــﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻮرة إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة)‪ .(indirect genitive‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪Hwrw n rXty "a wretched washerman", lit. "a‬‬

‫‪wretch of a washerman".‬‬
‫ﻏﺴﺎل"‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺴﺎل ﺑﺎﺋﺲ"‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪" :‬ﺑﺆس َ ّ‬
‫"َ ّ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺘﺒـﻊ اﻟـﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬اﺳـﻤﻬﺎ )‪ (noun‬ﻛﺈﺿـﺎﻓﺔ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮة )‪ .(indirect genitive‬وﻣـﻦ أﻣﺜﻠـﺔ‬

‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪o n Tbwt n HD "a pair of white sandals", lit. " a‬‬

‫‪pair of sandals of white".‬‬
‫"زوج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻌﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء"‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪" :‬زوج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻌﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ"‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﺳـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ اﻟـﺼﻔﺔ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻣـﺮة أﺧـﺮى ﻛﺎﺳـﻢ )‪ .(noun‬وﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﻣﻤﺎﺛـﻞ ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺠﻤـﻞ اﻻﺳـﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ )‪ ،(noun clauses‬أﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.١٩١‬‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪:[٩٥‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ )‪:(Accusative of respect‬‬

‫ﻟﻘ ـ ــﺪ رأﻳﻨ ـ ــﺎ ﻣ ـ ــﻦ ﻗﺒ ـ ــﻞ )أﻧﻈ ـ ــﺮ اﻟ ـ ــﺪرس اﻟ ـ ــﺴﺎﺑﻊ( أن اﻷﺳ ـ ــﻤﺎء )‪ (nouns‬ﻳﻤﻜ ـ ــﻦ أن ﺗ ـ ــﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳ ـ ــﺪ اﻟ ـ ــﺼﻔﺎت‬

‫‪ (accusative of‬ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴــﺔ‪ .‬وﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻹﺿــﺎﻓﺔ ﻏﻴــﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (adjectives‬ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴــﺰ )‪respect‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﺑﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪(suffix-‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة )‪ (indirect genitive‬أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ُ َ‬

‫)‪ .pronoun‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪sS iQr m Dbow.f "a scribe excellent with (lit. of) his‬‬
‫‪fingers".‬‬
‫"ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫]‪[Twenty women‬‬ ‫‪m nfrwt nt How.sn "who are‬‬

‫‪beautiful of body", lit. "as beautiful ones of their members".‬‬
‫]ﻋﺸﺮون اﻣﺮأة[ اﻟﻼﺋﻰ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻼت اﻟﺠﺴﺪ"‪" ،‬ﻛﺠﻤﻴﻼت ﻓﻲ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓــﻲ اﻷﻣﺜﻠــﺔ اﻟﻤــﺬﻛﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﻤــﻦ ﻏﻴــﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻛــﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــﺎً أن ‪ n‬ﻫــﻲ أداة اﻹﺿــﺎﻓﺔ )‪ .(genitival adjective‬ﻓﻘــﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ‪ n‬؛ وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎس ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.(٣) ٣٩٧‬‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪:[٩٦‬اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪة واﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Emphatic and emphasized adjective):‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﺎدر ﺣﺪوﺛﻪ أن ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪاً ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺠﻌـﻞ ﻣﻌﻨـﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠـﺔ ﻛﻠﻬـﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‪.‬‬

‫وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ir ib Qn m st Qsnt, sn-nw pw n‬‬

‫‪nb.f "as for a heart [which is] brave in evil case, it is the equal of its lord.‬‬
‫"ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺐ )اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن( ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺿﺎر‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧﺪ ﻟﺴﻴﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬

‫‪wr tw3 n sfw r nXt "greater is the‬‬

‫‪claim of the mild man than [that of] the strong".‬‬
‫"إدﻋﺎء اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ )ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺨﺎص( ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮي"‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﻤــﺎ رأﻳﻨــﺎ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺘــﺮاﺟﻢ اﻟــﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓــﺈن ﺗﻮﻛﻴــﺪ اﻟــﺼﻔﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒــﺎً ﻣــﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠــﺐ أن ﻳﻮﺿــﺢ ﻓــﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳــﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﻠــﺔ اﻟــﺼﻠﺔ‬

‫)‪" "that is") (relative clause‬ذﻟـﻚ اﻟــﺬي"‪" "which is" ،‬اﻟــﺬي"(‪ .‬وﺗــﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ اﻟﻤــﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫)‪ (m of predication‬ﺑـﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻘـﺼﺪ )راﺟـﻊ اﻟﻔﻘـﺮة ‪(٣٨‬؛ وﺣﻴﻨﺌـﺬ ﻻ ﺗﻜـﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤـﺔ أﺣﻴﺎﻧـﺎً ‪ m‬اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳـﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻧﻌﺖ )‪ ،(epithet‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﺎﺳﻢ )‪ .(noun‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫]‪[seek out for me‬‬

‫‪s#.tn m s##, sn.tn m iQr "a son of yours who is [lit. as] wise, a‬‬
‫‪brother of yours who is [lit. as] excellent".‬‬
‫"]اﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻲ[ اﺑﻨﻜﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﻜﻴﻤﺎً )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬اﺑﻨﻜﻢ ﻛﺸﺨﺺ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ(‪ ،‬أﺧﻮﻛﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﺘﺎزاً )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬أﺧﻮﻛﻢ‬

‫ﻛﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز("‪.‬‬

‫]‪iry.i m wrt "I will do [something] which is [lit. as‬‬

‫‪great".‬‬
‫"ﺳﺄﻓﻌﻞ )ﺷﻴﺌﺎً( اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎ" ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪" :‬ﺳﺄﻓﻌﻞ )ﺷﻴﺌﺎً( ﻛﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻤﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ + m‬ﺻـﻔﺔ ﻣـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﺳـﻢ واﻟﺤﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻤـﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ‪ + m‬اﺳـﻢ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﻲ ﻛﻨـﻮع ﻣـﻦ‬

‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﺪل اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ )‪ .(emphasized apposition‬وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫…‬
‫‪i onXw tpyw t#, m Hmw-nTr Hmwt-nTr … nw r-pr pn‬‬ ‫‪"O ye who live upon‬‬
‫‪earth, such as are [lit. as] priests and priestesses … of this temple".‬‬
‫"أﻧﺘﻢ ﻳﺎ أﻳﻬﺎ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء ﻓﻮق اﻷرض‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺄن )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ( ﻛﻬﻨﺔ وﻛﺎﻫﻨﺎت … ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺪ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳ ــﻨﺠﺪ اﺳ ــﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠ ــﺔ ﺗـ ـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑ ــﺄداة اﻟ ــﺼﻠﺔ )‪ ) ((relative adjective‬أﻧﻈ ــﺮ اﻟﻔﻘ ــﺮة ‪ (١٩٩‬وﺑﺎﺳ ــﻤﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋ ــﻞ واﻟﻤﻔﻌ ــﻮل‬
‫)‪ ) (participles‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪. (٣٩٣‬‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪:[٩٧‬اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Comparative and superlative) :‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺗ ــﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻟ ــﺼﻔﺔ ﻓ ــﻲ اﻟﻠﻐ ــﺔ اﻟﻤ ــﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤ ــﺔ ﻋﻠ ــﻰ ﺻ ــﻴﻐﺔ ﺧﺎﺻ ــﺔ ﻟ ــﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧ ــﺔ )‪.(comparison‬‬

‫‪ ،r‬ﻛﻤﺎ رأﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ،٥٠‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜــﻦ اﻟﺤــﺼﻮل ﻋــﻞ ﻣﻌﻨــﻰ اﻟﺘﻔــﻀﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠــﻖ )‪ (superlative‬ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺿــﺎﻓﺔ )‪.(genitive‬‬

‫وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪wr n wrw "greatest of the great".‬‬

‫"ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎء"‪.‬‬

‫‪ink wr wrw m t# r Dr.f‬‬ ‫‪"I was greatest of‬‬

‫‪the great in the entire land".‬‬
‫"ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻷرض ﻛﻠﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫‪) imy‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .(٨٠‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫أو أﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫‪wr imy soHw "greatest of (lit. being in) the nobles".‬‬

‫"ﻋﻈﻴﻢ )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎُ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ(اﻟﻨﺒﻼء"‪.‬‬

‫ﻗ ـ ـ ــﺪ ﻳﻌ ـ ـ ــﻴﻦ ﺗﻜ ـ ـ ــﺮار اﻟ ـ ـ ــﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘ ـ ـ ــﺼﻞ )‪ (suffix-pronoun‬ﻓ ـ ـ ــﻲ إﻇﻬ ـ ـ ــﺎر ﻣﻌﻨ ـ ـ ــﻰ اﻟﺘﻔ ـ ـ ــﻀﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ـ ـ ــﻖ‬

‫)‪ .(superlative‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪s#.f smsw.f "his eldest son", lit. "his son his eldest".‬‬
‫"اﺑﻨﻪ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ"‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪" :‬اﺑﻨﻪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﻩ"‪.‬‬

‫‪" (greatly) wrt‬ﺟﺪاً" )أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘـﺮة ‪ ،((٣)٢٠٥‬ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺷـﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻟﻈﻬـﻮر‪ ،‬وﻣـﻦ أﻣﺜﻠـﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪St# wrt "very difficult".‬‬

 ‫"ﺻﻌﺐ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫‪" "more than anything" r Xt nbt‬أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ أي ﺷـﻲء"‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒـﺎرة اﻟـﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً‪ .‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ أﻳﻀﺎً ‪" "one" wo‬واﺣﺪ"‪" "alone" ،‬دون ﻏﻴﺮﻩ"‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪wo iQr "alone excellent, i.e. uniquely excellent".‬‬

‫"ﻣﻤﺘﺎز دون ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﺘﻔﺮد"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮادﻓﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮﻩ‬

‫)‪(Equivalents of English Adjectives, etc.‬‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ :[٩٨‬ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "‪" "other‬آﺧﺮ" ﺑﺤﺮف ‪ ،i‬وﻫﻰ ﺑـﻼ ﺷـﻚ ﻣﺜﻨـﻰ "‪ "dual‬ﻓـﻲ‬

‫أﺻﻠﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫)‪.ky (kii‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬

‫)‪.kt (kiti‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،kywy (kiwy‬وﻛﺘﺒﺖ أﻳﻀﺎً‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬

‫)‪ ،kt (kiti‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬

‫ﻳﻘـﺪم ﻟﻨـﺎ اﻟﻨﻄـﻖ اﻟﻤﻜﺘــﻮب ﺑـﻴﻦ اﻷﻗـﻮاس اﻟﻘـﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴــﺔ وﻓﻘـﺎً ﻷﺻـﻮﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬إن ‪ ky‬ﻟﻴـﺴﺖ ﺻــﻔﺔ )‪(adjective‬‬

‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ )‪ (noun‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻀﺎف )‪ (added‬إﻟﻰ اﺳﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺪل ﻣﻨﻪ )‪(apposition‬‬

‫‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ky sp "another time", lit. "another, a time".‬‬

‫"وﻗﺖ آﺧﺮ"‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺖ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪kt pxrt "another remedy".‬‬
‫"ﻋﻼج آﺧﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫‪kywy nsyw "other kings".‬‬

‫"ﻣﻠﻮك آﺧﺮون"‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ )‪ (suffix-pronoun‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "‪" "other‬آﺧﺮ"‪ .‬وﻣﻦ‬

‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪kty.f w#t "its other side".‬‬

‫"ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ اﻵﺧﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺄﺳـﻤﺎء )‪(nouns‬؛ وﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺴﺒﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﺠﻤـﻊ "‪" "others‬آﺧـﺮون"‪،‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮاً ﻣﺎ ﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫‪ ، kt-Xy‬وﺗﻌﻨ ـ ــﻲ ﺣﺮﻓﻴ ـ ــﺎً‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،kt-Xt‬وﻣ ـ ــﻦ ﻃ ـ ــﺮق ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬ ـ ــﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒ ـ ــﺎرة‬

‫"‪" "other things‬أﺷﻴﺎء أﺧﺮى" ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪… wo‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫"‪" "one‬أﺣـ ــﺪﻫﻤﺎ … اﻵﺧـ ــﺮ" ﺑﺎﺳـ ــﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫…‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺒـ ــﺮ ﻋـ ــﻦ ﻣﻌﻨـ ــﻰ "‪"other‬‬

‫‪ .ky‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪iw w#t.f wot Xr mw, kt Xr it "its one‬‬

‫‪side was under water, the other under corn.‬‬
‫"ﻛﺎن أﺣﺪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺎء‪ ،‬واﻵﺧﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺒﻮب"‪.‬‬

‫‪ .ky‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪…ky‬‬ ‫أو أﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

 ‫‪Hpt.n ky ky One embraced the other".‬‬
‫"اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻋﺎﻧﻖ اﻵﺧﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫‪" "his second" sn-nw.f‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴــﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫‪" "one" wo‬واﺣــﺪ" …‬ ‫أو أﻳـﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪wo Dd.f Xft sn-nw.f "one said to (lit. before) the other.‬‬
‫"ﻗﺎل واﺣﺪ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬أﻣﺎم اﻵﺧﺮ("‪.‬‬

‫أو أﻳﻀﺎً ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﺿﻤﻨﺎً ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪rdi.n wi X#st n X#st "land gave me to land".‬‬

‫"ﺳﻠﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻵﺧﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪" "many" :[٩٩‬ﻛﺜﻴﺮ"‪" "few" ،‬ﺑﻌﺾ"‪" "a little" ،‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬

‫‪" "million" HH‬ﻣﻠﻴــﻮن" )أﻧﻈــﺮ اﻟﻔﻘــﺮة ‪، (٢٥٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴــﺮ ﻋــﻦ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻷﻓﻜــﺎر ﺗــﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴــﺔ‬

‫‪" "a little" nhy‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ"‪ ،‬وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮاً ﻣﻊ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة )‪ .(indirect genitive‬وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠـﻲ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬

‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪HH n sp "many times", or "often".‬‬

‫"ﻣﺮات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة"‪ ،‬أو "ﻛﺜﻴﺮاً"‪.‬‬

‫‪nhy n rmT "a few men".‬‬

 ‫"ﺑﻀﻌﺔ رﺟﺎل"‪.‬‬

‫‪nhy n Hm#t "a little salt".‬‬

‫"ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ"‪.‬‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ :[١٠٠‬ﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﺒـﺎرات ﻋﺪﻳـﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴـﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻌـﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺎت "‪" "entire‬ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ"‪"complete" ،‬‬

‫"ﺗﺎم"‪" "whole" ،‬ﻛﻞ‪-‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ"‪:‬‬

‫‪ r Dr.f‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً "‪" " to its end‬إﻟﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻪ"‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬

‫‪t# pn r Dr.f "this entire land".‬‬

‫"ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷرض ﻛﻠﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫‪dr.n.f s(y) r Dr.s "he had subdued the whole of it".‬‬

‫"أﺧﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫وﺑﺪون ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ )‪ (suffix-pronoun‬أﻳﻀﺎً‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪nn n Xt r Dr "all these things".‬‬

‫"ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء"‪.‬‬

‫‪:nb-r-Dr‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أﻳﻀﺎً اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‬

‫"‪" "lord of the universe", lit. "lord to the end‬ﺳﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻮن"‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪: :‬ﺳـﻴﺪ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ"‪،‬‬

‫وﻫﻮ ﻟﻘﺐ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻹﻟﻪ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻤﻠﻚ؛ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ أﻳﻀﺎً ‪ nbt-r-Dr‬ﻛﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪.‬‬