‫الدرس الثاني عشر‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬

‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ‬

‫)‪(Sentences with adjectival predicate‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٣٥‬ﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﻃﺮاز اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬

‫اﻻﺳﻤﻲ )‪ (nominal predicate‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ وﺛﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺮات ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ )راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات ‪[٣] ٤٤‬؛ ‪[٢] ٤٨‬؛ ‪٤٩‬؛‬

‫‪.([٢] ٥٦‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت )‪ (adjectives‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎك ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (adjective-verbs‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء )‪ ،(nisba-adjectives‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺟﺪاً‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ أن اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ أو ﻣﻔﻌﻮل )‪ (participle‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا‬

‫ﺟﻤﻴﻼ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻨﺎً"‪ ،‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬

‫ً‬ ‫‪ nfr‬ﻫﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ ”‪" “be beautiful, good‬ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬وﻫﻜﺬا ﻓﺈن‬

‫‪ nfr‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ”‪" “being good‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺎً"‪ .‬وﺳﺘﺘﺎح ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻋﺪﻳﺪة‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺣﻠﻮل ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻴﻎ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ )‪ (adjective-verbs‬ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت )‪ (adjectives‬ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ١١٨‬ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ wn‬ﻣﺤﻞ‬

‫‪ iw‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻮف ﻧﺮى أن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺘﻴﻦ وﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻻﻓﺖ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٣٦‬ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Independent pronoun + adjective):‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻷول اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ink oS# mrt “I am one rich in serfs”.‬‬

‫"أﻧﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻷرض"‪.‬‬

‫‪ink bnr n pr nb.f “I was one pleasant to the house of‬‬

‫‪his lord”.‬‬
‫"ﻛﻨﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﺑﺎﻋﺜﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺮور ﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﺳﻴﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺪل اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰ واﻟﻤﺄﻟﻮف ﻟﻠﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ )‪ (suffix-pronoun‬ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬

‫‪" (nb‬ﺳﻴﺪﻩ" ﻓﻴﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ‪ bnr‬ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ”‪" “one pleasant‬ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫‪nb.‬‬
‫)”‪nb.f “his lord‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺮور" ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ”‪" “pleasant‬ﺳﺎر"‪ ،‬وﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ آﺧﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ اﺳﻢ‬

‫)‪ (noun‬أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻔﺔ )‪ ٠(adjective‬وﻫﻜﺬا ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.١٢٥‬‬

‫وﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ )‪ (nominal predicate‬اﻟﺘﻲ ُأﺷﻴﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ )‪ (pronoun‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ ﻗﻮة ﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪﻳﺔ وﻳﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ أن ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺧﺒﺮاً‬

‫‪" “indeed” is‬ﺣﻘﺎً –‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺎً )‪ .(logical predicate‬وﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻷداة )‪(particle‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ" ﻛﺜﻴﺮاً ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ )‪ ،(pronoun‬ﺑﺪون اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻪ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬

‫)‪ (logical predicate‬ﺑﺼﻔﺔ داﺋﻤﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ink is m#o-‬‬
‫‪m#o-Xrw tp t# “I was indeed one justified upon earth”.‬‬
‫"ﺣﻘﺎً ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﻣﺒﺮئ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض"‪.‬‬

‫‪n ink is Q# s# “I am not one high of back, i. e.‬‬

‫‪overweening”.‬‬
‫"أﻧﺎ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬أي ﻣﺘﻌﺠﺮف"‪.‬‬

‫إن اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ أي ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ )‪ (independent pronoun‬آﺧﺮ ﻋﺪا ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ اﻷول‬
‫ﻧﺎدرة ﺟﺪاً إن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺨﺒﺮ )‪ (predicate‬ﺻﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﻣﺠﺮدة وﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬اﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ٣٧٣‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺟﺪاً اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ )‪(independent pronoun‬‬
‫واﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ أو ﻣﻔﻌﻮل )‪.(participle‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٣٧‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪ +‬اﺳﻢ أو ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Adjective + noun or dependent pronoun):‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻷول‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎدة‪ ٠‬وﺗﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )‪(adjective‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬وﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﺎﻣﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪد واﻟﺠﻨﺲ؛ وﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺤﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ،.wy‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .٤٩‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(exclamatory ending‬‬

‫"ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪.‬‬ ‫‪nfr mtn.‬‬

‫‪mtn.i “my path is good”.‬‬

‫‪wr Hst.i m stp-‬‬

‫‪stp-s# r smr woty nb‬‬
‫‪“greater was my praise in the palace than (that of) any Unique Friend”.‬‬
‫"ﻛﺎن اﻟﺜﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼط اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ )ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺨﺺ( أي ﺻﺪﻳﻖ وﺣﻴﺪ"‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ )‪:(dependent pronoun‬‬

‫"أﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ‪nfr tw Hno.i “thou art (you are) happy with me”.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻲ"‪.‬‬

‫"إﻧﻬﺎ ‪oS# st r Xt nbt “it was more plentiful than anything”.‬‬

‫أوﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ أي ﺷﻲء"‪.‬‬

‫‪twt.wy‬‬ ‫‪n.s‬‬ ‫‪st‬‬ ‫‪“how‬‬ ‫‪like‬‬ ‫)‪(to‬‬ ‫‪her‬‬ ‫‪it‬‬ ‫‪is!”.‬‬

‫"ﻛﻢ ﺗﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ"‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ )‪ + (independent pronoun‬ﺻﻔﺔ )‪(adjective‬‬

‫‪“belonging ny‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻷول اﻟﻤﻔﺮد )راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ،(١٣٦‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺪا ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬

‫”‪"to‬ﻣﻨﺘﻤﻴﺎً إﻟﻰ"؛ ﺣﻴﺚ رأﻳﻨﺎ أن اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ ny‬واﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ‪“belonging‬‬

‫‪ (ink‬ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫‪ink,‬‬
‫‪ink, ntk,‬‬
‫‪ntk, n.i-imy,‬‬ ‫”‪" to me, thee (you), etc.‬ﻣﻨﺘﻤﻴﺎً ﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬إﻟﺦ‪imy ".‬‬
‫)‪imy, n.k-imy‬‬

‫ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ ،(adjectival predicate‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.(٤ ،٣ ،٢) ١١٤‬‬

‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻠﻔﺖ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺘﻴﻦ ﺟﺪاً‪:‬‬

‫‪ ١‬ـ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪،(subject‬‬

‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ أﺳﺒﺎب وﺟﻴﻬﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﻣﺒﺘﺪأﻩ‬

‫)‪ ،(subject‬ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺨﺒﺮ )‪ (predicate‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺻﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺤﺎل‬

‫)‪ (old perfective‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪(adjective-verb‬؛ أﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ٣٢٠‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢‬ـ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ أن ﻧﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺔ )‪ + (adjective‬ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬وﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫‪ sDm.‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjective-verb‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ )‪ ،(nominal subject‬وﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫‪sDm.f‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎرق ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ واﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬ﺿﻤﻴﺮاً ﻣﻔﺮداً‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﺿﻤﻴﺮاً ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎُ )‪ (dependent pronoun‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ sDm.‬اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ )‪ .(suffix-pronouns‬أﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.f‬‬
‫‪ sDm.‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ ،(adjective-verb‬ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ ‪ ١٤٤ ،١٤٣‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪sDm.f‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﺼﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺤﺜﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﺗﺎم ﺑﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ )‪(nominal predicate‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي اﻟﻤﻌﻜﻮس اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ )‪ (١‬ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ )‪ (٢) ،(logical predicate‬ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪ (logical subject‬أﻣﺮاً ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎً وﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓًﺎ‪ ،‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ،١٢٧‬وﺑﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ رﻗﻢ )‪.(٣‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٣٨‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﻷﺟﻠﻪ )‪ (dative‬ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ‬
‫)‪ (adjectival predicate‬وﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ؛ راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .(١) ١١٤‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫… … ‪The land of Yaa‬‬ ‫‪wr n.f irp rmw “it is more‬‬
‫‪abundant in wine than in water; or it has more wine than water; lit.,‬‬
‫‪great to it is wine more than water”.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﻤﺮ‬
‫ً‬ ‫"أرض ﻳﺎ ‪ ... ...‬إﻧﻬﺎ أوﻓﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء؛ أو‪ :‬ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺧﻤﺮ أوﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء؛‬

‫ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء"‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٣٩‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪ +‬ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ‪ +‬اﺳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Adjective + dependent pronoun + noun):‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬

‫‪rd.wy sw ib.i “how strong is my heart! Lit. how firm‬‬

‫‪is it (namely) my heart”.‬‬
‫"ﻛﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮي ﻗﻠﺒﻲ! ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬ﻛﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )أي( ﻗﻠﺒﻲ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺆدي ﻫﻨﺎ ‪ sw‬ﻧﻔﺲ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪ pw‬إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮر ﻣﻊ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ ‪(nominal‬‬

‫)‪ ،predicate‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪١٣٠‬؛ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻨﺎك ﻣﺜﻴﻞ أﻗﺮب ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.١٣٢‬‬

‫‪:pw‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٤٠‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪+‬‬

‫‪(Adjective +‬‬ ‫‪pw):‬‬

‫‪pw‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ )‪) (nominal predicate‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ ‪،١٢٨‬‬

‫‪ ،(١٣٠‬وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﺒﺮ وﺻﻔﻴﺎً )‪ ،(adjectival predicate‬وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺪرة‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬

‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
 Hns pw, n wsX is pw “it (the path) was narrow, it
was not broad”.
."ً‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ واﺳﻌﺎ‬،‫ﺿﻴﻘﺎ‬
ً (‫"ﻛﺎن ﻫﻮ )اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬

.(٢) ٣٥١ ‫ راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬،‫ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬nfr pw ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬

:‫ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﺨﺒﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎً ﺑﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﻷﺟﻠﻪ‬:[١٤١] ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬

(The adjective as impersonal predicate with following dative):

‫( اﻟﺴﻤﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻎ اﻟﺘﻲ درﺳﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬predicate) ‫( اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺨﺒﺮ‬adjective) ‫ﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬

‫( ﺑﻤﻌﻮل ﻷﺟﻠﻪ‬adjectival predicate) ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻠﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

‫( ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ أو ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ أو ﻣﺠﺮد‬qualification) ‫(؛ وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﺔ‬dative)

:‫ وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬

nfr n.tn “it will go will with you”.

."‫"ﺳﺘﻤﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻌﻜﻢ‬

o# n.i mm wrw “I am become great among the

princes”.
."‫" ُﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻼء‬

wsX n.(i) m oHow.i, oS#

n.(i) mnmnt.i “I became extensive in my wealth, I became rich in my
flocks. Lit. it was broad to me in my wealth, it was plentiful to me in my
flocks”.
‫"أﺻﺒﺤﺖ واﺳﻌﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺛﺮوﺛﻲ‪ ،‬أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻮﺳﺮاً ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪:‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺴﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺛﺮوﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ وﻓﻴﺮة‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﻧﻲ"‪.‬‬

‫"ﻛﻢ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻌﻲ )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪bin.wy n.i “how ill it was with (lit. to) me”. :‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻲ"‪.‬‬