AutoCAD2007 Training Manual-FINAL

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Participatory Small Scale Irrigation Development

Program
2D AUTOCAD2007 TRAINING MANUAL
SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY
OCTOBER, 2013
BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA
Table of Content
Table of Content............................................................................................................ i
1. GETTING START WITH AUTOCAD 2007 .................................................... 1
1.1 Drawing Units Setup ....................................................................................... 3
1.2 Drawing area setup .......................................................................................... 3
1.3 Using the Line Command ............................................................................... 4
1.4 User Interface main dialog box ....................................................................... 5
1.5 Changing the colour of the drawing area ........................................................ 7
2. DRAWING OF SIMPLE GEOMETRY ............................................................ 8
2.1 Point ................................................................................................................ 8
2.2 Line.................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Polyline.......................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Dividing an object into equal segments ........................................................ 12
2.5 Rectangle ....................................................................................................... 13
2.6 Polygon.......................................................................................................... 15
2.7 Circle ............................................................................................................. 15
2.8 Hatch ............................................................................................................. 16
2.9 Multiline Text editor ..................................................................................... 17
3. Standard Tool Bar ............................................................................................. 20
3.1 Mach properties ............................................................................................. 20
3.2 Pan Realtime ................................................................................................. 21
3.3 Zoom Realtime .............................................................................................. 21
3.4 Properties....................................................................................................... 22
4. Object Properties ............................................................................................... 24
4.1 Layers ............................................................................................................ 24
4.2 Color control ................................................................................................. 27
4.3 Linetype control ............................................................................................ 27
4.4 Lineweight control ....................................................................................... 29
5. Objects Snap ....................................................................................................... 30
1.1 Endpoint ........................................................................................................ 31
1.2 Midpoint ........................................................................................................ 31
1.3 Center ............................................................................................................ 32
1.4 Node .............................................................................................................. 32
1.5 Quadrant ........................................................................................................ 32
1.6 Intersection .................................................................................................... 33
1.7 Perpendicular ................................................................................................. 33
1.8 Tangent .......................................................................................................... 33
1.9 Parallel ........................................................................................................... 34
1.10 Extension ................................................................................................... 34
6. Modify Objects ................................................................................................... 35
6.1 Erase .............................................................................................................. 35
6.2 Copy .............................................................................................................. 35
6.3 Mirror ............................................................................................................ 36
6.4 Offset ............................................................................................................. 36
6.5 Array.............................................................................................................. 37
6.6 Move.............................................................................................................. 39
6.7 Rotate ............................................................................................................ 40
6.8 Scale .............................................................................................................. 41
6.9 Trim ............................................................................................................... 41
6.10 Extend ........................................................................................................ 42
AutoCAD2007 i
6.11 Explode ...................................................................................................... 42

6.12 Draworder .................................................................................................. 43
6.13 Polyline editing .......................................................................................... 44
7. Dimensions .......................................................................................................... 46
7.1 Dimension Style ............................................................................................ 46
7.2 Linear dimensions ......................................................................................... 49
7.3 Aligned dimensions ....................................................................................... 50
7.4 Ordinate Dimension ...................................................................................... 51
7.5 Radius ............................................................................................................ 52
7.6 Diameter ........................................................................................................ 52
7.7 Angular Dimension ....................................................................................... 53
7.8 Quick Dimension........................................................................................... 53
7.9 Importing Excel profile data ......................................................................... 54
7.10 Baseline Dimension ................................................................................... 55
7.11 Continued Dimension ................................................................................ 56
8. Create Layouts and Plot Drawing .................................................................... 57
8.1 Model and Layout Space ............................................................................... 57
8.2 Layout Viewports .......................................................................................... 61
8.3 Plot ................................................................................................................ 63
9. Block, Block Attribute and Template .............................................................. 65
9.1 Block ............................................................................................................. 65
9.2 Insert Block ................................................................................................... 66
9.3 Block Attribute .............................................................................................. 66
9.4 Template ........................................................................................................ 69
10. Shortcut Keys .................................................................................................. 71
AutoCAD2007 ii
1. GETTING START WITH AUTOCAD 2007

In this chapter you will how learn how to start with AutoCAD2007 and how to use different buttons
& hot keys
First methods: if you have the AutoCAD2007 icon on your Desktop

1. start your computer
2. Double click on AutoCAD2007 icon
Second Method: If you don‟t have AutoCAD2007 icon on your Desktop

1. Start you computer
2. click the start menu
3. click on “All programs”
4. click the icon AutoCAD2007
The following windows will be displayed
AutoCAD2007 Page 1
Choose AutoCAD classic as the initial workplace

Select don’t show me this again and click ok to continue
AutoCAD® automatically assigns generic name, Drawing X, as new drawings are created. In our
example, AutoCAD® opened the graphics window using the default system units and assigned the
drawing name Drawing1.
Close the Tool Palettes by clicking once on Close

button located at the upper right corner of the
window as shown.
AutoCAD2007 Page 2
Close the Sheet Set Manager by clicking once on the

Close button located at the upper right corner of the
window as shown.
1.1 Drawing Units Setup

Every object we construct in a CAD system is measured in units. We should determine the value of
the units within the CAD system before creating the first geometric entities.
1. in the pull down menu, select format-units
2. In the Drawing Units dialog box, set the Length Type to Decimal. This will set the
measurement to the default English units, inches. Change the unit to metric system, and then
click ok.
1.2 Drawing area setup

It serves as a visual reference that marks the working area. It can also be used to prevent construction
outside the grid limits and as a plot option that defines an area to be plotted/ printed. Note that this
setting does not limit the region for geometry construction.
1. In the pull-down menus, select: Format then Drawing

Limits
2. In the command message area, near the bottom of the
AutoCAD drawing screen, the message “Reset Model
Space limits: specify lower left corner or [on/off]
<0.00, 0.00:” is displayed. Press the ENTER key once
to accept the default coordinates <0.00,0.00>
3. In the command area, the message “specify the right corner <0.00, 0.00>” is displayed. Press
the ENTER key once to accept the default coordinates <12.00, 9.00>
AutoCAD2007 Page 3
4. On your own, move the graphic cursor near the upper-right corner inside the drawing area
and note that the drawing area is unchanged. (The drawing Limit command is used to set the
drawing area; but the display will not be adjusted until a display command is used.)
5. In the pull-down menus, select: View; Zoom and then All
The Zoom All command will adjust the display

so that all objects in the drawing are displayed to
be as large as possible. If no objects are
constructed, the Drawing Limits are used to
adjust the current viewport.
6. Move the graphic cursor near the upper-right
comer inside the drawing area and note that the
display area is updated.
1.3 Using the Line Command
1. Click on the Info Palette option in the

Help pull-down menu to activate the
Quick Help option
2. Move the graphics cursor to the first
icon in the draw toolbar. This icon is
LINE icon. A help-tip box appears
next to the cursor and a brief
description of the icon is displayed at
the bottom of the AutoCAD drawing
screen “Creates straight line
segments: LINE.”
3. Select the icon by clicking once with the left-mouse-button, which will activate the Line
command
AutoCAD2007 Page 4
Notice a brief explanation of selected command is displayed in the Info Palette window. It is
highly recommended that you read the explanations to gain some insights on the general
procedure of using AutoCAD.
4. In the Info Palette window, click To draw Lines to open the AutoCAD Help window and get a
more detailed explanation on the procedure.
The general procedure to create a line in AutoCAD is displayed in the Info palette window.
5. Click on Close button located at the upper left corner of the Info Palette window.
6. In the command prompt area, near

the bottom of the AutoCAD drawing
screen, the message “line Specify first
point:” is displayed. AutoCAD expects us
to identify the starting location of a straight
line. Move the graphics cursor inside the graphics window and watch the display of the coordinates
of the graphics cursor at the bottom of the AutoCAD drawing screen. The three numbers represent
the location of the cursor in the X, Y, and Z directions. We can treat the graphics window as if it was
a piece of paper and we are using the graphics cursor as if it were a pencil with which to draw.
1.4 User Interface main dialog box
Set the current layer and control layer display. Override the default color, line type, and line weight
properties. Control the display of status bar buttons from the shortcut menu. When tray settings are
turned on, icons and notifications are displayed in the tray at the right end of the status bar.
Title bar: - It contains the drawing saved name
Menu bar: - It consists of the main Manu tools
Standard tool: - Contains different shortcuts used with all drawings
Object properties bar: - Shows the main properties to the selected entity
Draw bar: - It enables us to draw different geometries.
Modify bar: - Contains different shortcuts used to modify different drawings
UCS co-ordinate ( User Co-ordinate System): - This icon indicates to the positive X and Y
axis direction
Layout Tabs: - These tabs enable to transfer the drawing from drawing Mode (Model Space)
to printing Mode (Paper Space)
Command line: -This is the command line enables us to type command or interact with
AutoCAD processing command options.
Status bar: - In the lower end of the screen contains in its far end the X,Y & Z coordinate,
which represent the location of the cross bar on the drawing area. In the middle it contains
other buttons with different tasks.
AutoCAD2007 Page 5
Title bar Menu bar
Layout Tabs
Command Bar
Status bar
Summery
You can display or hide these and additional toolbars, and you can create your own toolbars. A
toolbar can be floating or docked. A floating toolbar is located anywhere in the drawing area of the
AutoCAD window, and you can drag it to a new location, resize it, or dock it. A docked toolbar is
attached to any edge of the drawing area. While a toolbar is docked, it cannot be resized. You can
move a docked toolbar by dragging it to a new docking location.
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To display a toolbar
a. From the View menu, choose Toolbars.
b. In the Customize dialog box, Toolbars tab, select the name of the toolbar you want to show.
c. Choose Close.
1.5 Changing the colour of the drawing area
To change the colour of the drawing area, RIGHT click on the drawing area, then select OPTION,
the DISPLAY, then select the type of the COLOR, then click Apply & close. For the time let we
select WHITE colour.
AutoCAD2007 Page 7
2. DRAWING OF SIMPLE GEOMETRY

In this chapter you will learn how to use the Draw Tool Bar icons to draw Linear Objects (lines,
polygons ….), Curved Objects (Arcs, Circles …), and construction lines (Construction lines and
rays).
2.1 Point
Points can act as nodes to which you can snap objects. The appearance (shape) and
size of point can be formatted from Format main menu and selecting point style
To set point style and size
a. From the Format menu, choose Point Style.

b. In the Point Style dialog box, select a point style.
c. Under Point Size, specify a size, either relative to the screen or in absolute units.
d. Choose OK.
2.2 Line
You will learn how to draw simple line.
Procedure
a. From the Draw menu, choose Line or Click the icon Line by using left mouse
b. From the property menu, select the line colour to be RED
AutoCAD2007 Page 8
c. From the property menu, select the line weight to be 0.3mm

d. From the property menu, select the type of the line either to be broken or solid. It is possible
to find other line types by clicking the ByLayer, then Load, then select the line type what you
want.
e. Specify the start point. You can use the pointing device or enter a coordinate on the command
line.
Example, 50, 100 then INTER
f. Complete the first line segment by specifying the endpoint.
Example, 100,200 then INTER
To undo the previous line segment during the LINE command, enter „u’ or choose Undo on
the toolbar.
g. Specify the endpoints of any additional line segments.
h. Press ENTER to end or c to close a series of line segments.
To start a new line at the endpoint of the last line drawn, start the LINE command again and
press ENTER at the Specify Start Point prompt
i. To save the drawing, click on File the save as you drawing by specifying the location path.
AutoCAD does not use a predefined system of unit measure such as meters or inches. For example, a
distance of one unit may represent one centimetre, one foot, or one mile in real-world units. Before
you begin drawing, decide what distance one unit will represent, and then create your drawing with
that convention.
AutoCAD2007 Page 9
Point (200, 500). Note: the adds the

coordinate of the first point
First point (50,100).

If the LWT is on, then the
line weight will be changed
EXERCISE: Draw a line having by using a point (-20, 20) and (50, 20) and by using points (20,100)
and (20, 500). What is
the length of the lines?
Polar coordinate
system
Polar coordinates are
either:
Absolute which are
measured from the
origin.
The following
example shows a line
drawn with polar
coordinates.
Command: line
From point: (0, 0); to point: (40<120) and from point: (0, 0) to point: (50<30)
2.3 Polyline
In this section you will learn how to draw polyline. Unlike simple Line, A polyline is a
connected sequence of line segments created as a single object. You can create straight
line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two. Multi-segmented lines provide editing
capabilities unavailable for single lines. For example, you can adjust their width and curvature. After
AutoCAD2007 Page 10
you've created a polyline, you can edit it with PEDIT or uses EXPLODE to convert it to individual
line and arc segments.
To draw a polyline with straight segments
a. From the Draw menu, choose Polyline
b. Specify the first point of the polyline.
Specify start point: 60, 200.
c. Specify the next point of the first
polyline segment.
Specify next point or
[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 700,200
d. Continue specifying segment endpoints
as needed.
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 300,500

e. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.
To start a new polyline at the endpoint of the last polyline drawn, write the word PLINE at the
command bar press ENTER at the Specify Start Point prompt.
To draw a line and arc combination polyline
a. From the Draw menu, choose Polyline.
b. Specify the start point of the polyline segment: Specify start point (-60,-60)
c. Specify the endpoint of the polyline segment:
[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: (100,180)
d. Switch to Arc mode by entering a (Arc) on
the command line.
[Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radi
us/Second pt/Undo/Width]: ce
Specify centre point of arc: 200,200
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Length]:
300,300
e. Return to Line mode by entering L (Line).
f. Specify additional polyline segments as needed.
g. Press ENTER to end or c to close the polyline.
AutoCAD2007 Page 11
Exercise: creation of variable width of polyline

a. From the Draw menu, choose Polyline.
b. Specify the start point of the line segment: Specify start point: 10,-10
c. Enter w (Width): Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w
d. Enter the starting width of the line segment: Specify starting width <0.00>: 5
e. Specify the ending width of the line segment using one of the following methods:
 To create a line segment of equal width, press ENTER.
 To create a tapering line segment, enter a different width: Specify ending width <5.00>: 0
f. Specify the endpoint of the polyline segment: Specify next point or
[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 50,50
g. Continue specifying segment endpoints as needed.
h. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.
2.4 Dividing an object into equal segments

You can create points or insert blocks on an object at a specific number of equal intervals. This
operation does not actually break an object into individual objects; it only identifies the location of
the divisions so that you can use them as geometric reference points.
Example: - Divide a 671m polyline into blocks with a segment length of 61m.
To insert points to mark equal segments
a. From the Draw menu, choose Point. Then choose Measure.
b. Select a line, circle, ellipse, polyline, arc, or spline.
c. Enter the length of segments you want.
AutoCAD places a point between each segment
Exercise: - Draw 100m line and divide the line in to 10 equal parts.
AutoCAD2007 Page 12
2.5 Rectangle
In this section you will learn how to draw Rectangle. As you click on Rectangle
icon, you will see the following message on the command line.
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Enter an
option or specify a point
Chamfer: Sets the chamfer distances for the rectangle. (Chamfer = Two surfaces meeting at an
angle different from 90 degrees
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
The values become the current chamfer distances for subsequent RECTANG commands.
Elevation: Specifies the elevation of the rectangle.
Specify the elevation for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
The value becomes the current elevation for subsequent RECTANG commands
Fillet: Specifies the fillet radius of the rectangle.
Specify fillet radius for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
The value becomes the current fillet radius for subsequent RECTANG commands
Thickness: Specifies the thickness of the rectangle.
Specify thickness for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
The value becomes the current thickness for subsequent RECTANG commands.
Width: Specifies the polyline width of the rectangle to be drawn.
Specify line width for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
The value becomes the current polyline width for subsequent RECTANG commands
AutoCAD2007 Page 13
Example-1: - Draw a rectangle having a dimension of (90m, 150m). Say, the first corner of the
rectangle start at a coordinate of (50, 50)
a. Click the icon Rectangle
b. Then you will get the following message at the command bar : Specify first corner point or
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width], write
(50,50) and then ENTER
c. Again you will get the following message at
the command bar : Specify other corner point or
[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: Write (140,200) (i. e.
50+90 =140 and 50+150 =200) and then ENTER
You will see a rectangle having a dimension of
90m by 150m as shown below on the drawing
Example-2: - Draw a rectangle having a dimension of (90m, 150m) having a chamfer distance of
20m. Say, the first corner of the rectangle start at a coordinate of (50, 50)
To draw chamfered rectangle (90m, 150) with chamfer distance of 20m to both side.
a. click the icon Rectangle
b. Then you will get the following message at the command bar
 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: c, then click
ENTER
 Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>: 2, then click ENTER
 Specify second chamfer distance for
rectangles <0.0000>: 20, then click ENTER
 Specify first corner point or
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]
: 50, 50, and then click ENTER
 Specify other corner point or
[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 140,200, then
click ENTER
You will see a rectangle as shown:
Example-3: - Draw a rectangle having a dimension of (90m, 150m) having a radius distance of 20m.
Say, the first corner of the rectangle start at a coordinate of (50, 50)
To draw chamfered rectangle (90m, 150) with chamfer distance of 20m to both side.
a. Click the icon Rectangle
b. Then you will get the following message at the command bar
AutoCAD2007 Page 14
 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: f

 Specify fillet radius for rectangles
<0.0000>:20
 Specify first corner point or
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Widt
h]: 50,50
 Specify other corner point or
[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 140,200
then click ENTER
You will see a rectangle as shown:
2.6 Polygon
If the number of sides is greater than 4 it is called a polygon. As you click on
polygon icon, you will see the following message on the command line.
Click on the polygon icon
Then the following messages on the message bar will display
 polygon Enter number of sides <5>: 6

 Specify centre of polygon or [Edge]: p
 Specify centre of polygon or [Edge]: 100,100
 Enter an option [Inscribed in
circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: select „i‟ to
inscribe in the circle
 Specify radius of circle: 100
Then the hexagon as shown below can be drawn.
Exercise: - Draw a hexagon with the given data. The
centre of the polygon is at (200,200), and subscribed in a
circle having a radius 200m
2.7 Circle
You can create a circle by beginning with the centre point or one of three points on the
circumference, or you can select objects to which the circle is tangent.
When you click the circle icon, the following message will display at the Command bar:
Specify centre point for circle or [3P (Three Points)/2P (Two Points)/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Centre Point
Draws a circle based on a centre point and a diameter or a radius.
AutoCAD2007 Page 15
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Specify a point, enter a value, enter d, or press ENTER
Example-1:- To draw a circle by specifying a centre point and radius or diameter
Draw circle with centre (75m, 100m) and diameter 200m
a. From the Draw menu, choose Circle >> Centre, Radius or Centre, Diameter
b. Specify centre point
Specify centre point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 75,100 ENTER
c. Specify the radius or diameter
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 200 ENTER
Example-2: - Draw a circle by using two points (10, 10) and (100,100)
 Click a circle icon
 A command „circle Specify centre point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p will
display and then type „2p‟ on the command bar and then ENTER,
 Specify first end point of circle's diameter: 10,10 and then ENTER
 Specify second end point of circle's diameter: 100,100 and then ENTER
The a circle is drawn on the working area of the AutoCAD
Example-3: - Draw a circle by using „tan tan radius’ method for the following given condition:
1. There are two line that passes through a point (20, 80) and (80, 80) and; Point (20, 50) and
(100, 50). The radius of the circle is selected to be 25m
 First the two lines should be drawn
 Then select a circle icon, the
following message will display „circle
Specify centre point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: type „ttr‟
and then ENTER
 A command that “Specify
point on object for first tangent of
circle:” will displayed and then select the
first line
 A command that “Specify
point on object for second tangent of
circle:” will displayed and then select the second line
 At the end a command “Specify radius of circle <0.0000>: will be displayed and then
type 25and then ENTER
 The circle will be drawn which is tangent to the two circles as shown
2.8 Hatch
AutoCAD2007 Page 16
Many drafting applications use a process called hatching to fill an area with a
pattern. The pattern is used to differentiate components of a project or to signify
the material composing an object.
To hatch areas:
1. First draw the object to be hatched (Example: Rectangle, circle, or any polygon)
2. From the Draw menu, choose Hatch.
3. There are two choices here: to add “Pick points” or to add “Select Objects”. If the object is
drawn using polyline, select a “Pick points” and in your drawing, specify a point inside each
area you want hatched and press ENTER. But if the object is drawn using a line, select
“Select Objects” and then select each side of the polygon.
4. In your drawing, specify a point inside each area you want hatched and press ENTER.
This point is known as the internal point.
5. In the Boundary Hatch dialog box, Quick tab,
in the swatch box, verify that the sample pattern is
the pattern you want to use. To change patterns, select
another pattern from the Pattern list.
To see how the hatch pattern will look, choose [...]
next to Pattern. Choose OK when you finish
previewing.
6. In the Boundary Hatch dialog box, make
adjustments, if necessary.
You can specify new hatch boundaries by choosing
Pick Points.
7. In the Boundary Hatch dialog box, choose OK to create the hatch.
Specify one internal point per hatch block. Specifying more than one internal point can produce
unexpected results when you edit the hatch boundary.
Exercise: - Hatch a rectangle having a dimension of 90m by 150m. The first corner point for the
rectangle is (50, 50). You can draw the rectangle by using a polyline or simple lines. Hatch with
different pattern, scale and see the results.
2.9 Multiline Text editor

You can use MULTILINE TEXT to enter several lines of text that you can rotate, justify, and resize.
As you type at the Enter Text prompt, the text you are typing is displayed on the screen. Each line of
text is a separate object. To end a line and begin another, press ENTER after entering characters at the
AutoCAD2007 Page 17
Enter Text prompt. To end TEXT, press ENTER without entering any characters at the Enter Text
prompt.
By applying a style to the text, you can use a variety of character patterns or fonts that you can
stretch, compress, make oblique, mirror, or align in a vertical column.
To create single-line text
a. From the Draw menu, choose MULTILINE TEXT.
b. Specify the insertion point for the first character. If you press ENTER, AutoCAD locates
the new text immediately below the last text object you created, if any.
c. Specify the height of the text. This prompt is displayed only if text height is set to 0 in the
current text style.
A "rubber band" line is attached from the text insertion point to the cursor. Click to set the height of
the text to the distance specified by the length of the rubber band.
d. Specify a text rotation angle.
You can enter an angle value or use your pointing device.
e. Enter the text. At the end of each line, press ENTER. Enter more text as needed.
If you specify another point during this command, the cursor moves to that point, and you can
continue typing. Every time you press ENTER or specify a point, a new text object is created.
f. Press ENTER on a blank line to end the command.
Example: - For the figure below, hatch the drawing. Select ANS131 hatch pattern, with angle 0.00
and scale 2.00. Write at the base “ Not to scale”, font 12, Times New Roman, text height of 0.25.
 Click the Hatch button, then Pattern, then a hatch pattern palette will display as shown below.
 Click ANSI, then ANSI131, then Ok.
 From Hatch and Gradient, click “add Select Objects” as the drawing is done using a simple
line.
AutoCAD2007 Page 18
 From Angle and scale, type 2 for scale and leave the Angle as it is.
 From the draw menu,
click the text button and the
click the point where you
want to start to write the text.
 The type the text as

specified.
AutoCAD2007 Page 19
3. Standard Tool Bar
3.1 Mach properties

You can copy some or all properties of one object
to other objects using Match Properties. The types
of properties that can be copied include, but are not
limited to, color, layer, linetype, linetype scale,
lineweight, plot style, and thickness.
By default, all applicable properties are automatically copied from the first object you
selected to the other objects. If you don't want a specific property or properties to be copied,
use the Settings option to suppress the copying of that property. You can choose the Settings
option at any time during the command.
To copy properties from one object to other objects
a. On the Standard Toolbar, click Match Properties.
b. Select the object whose properties you want to copy.
c. If you want to control which properties are transferred, enter s (Settings). In the
Property Settings dialog box, clear the items that you do not want copied (all are on by
default). Choose OK.
d. Un- tick the colour and leave the others as it is.
e. Select the objects to which to apply the selected properties and press ENTER.
f. All the properties form the first drawing will be transferred to the second except the
colour.
AutoCAD2007 Page 20
3.2 Pan Realtime

You can shift the location of your view by using PAN or by using
the window scroll bars. With the Realtime option, you pan
dynamically by moving your pointing device. Like panning with a
camera, PAN does not change the location or magnification of
objects on your drawing; it changes only the view.
To pan by dragging:
a. On the View menu, choose Pan Realtime.
b. When the hand cursor appears, drag the view by holding down the button as
you move the pointing device.
3.3 Zoom Realtime
You can change the magnification of a view by zooming in and out. Like zooming in and out
with a camera, ZOOM does not change the absolute size of objects in the drawing; it changes
only the magnification of the view.
When you work with minute parts in your drawing, you may need to zoom out frequently to
see an overview of your work. Use ZOOM PREVIOUS to return quickly to the prior view.
ZOOM WINDOW is used to zoom the selected part of the window when you work.
Click the ZOOM REALTIME, to zoom out, click the working area and move the cursor to
upward and to zoom in, move the cursor to downward.
If you want to see all the drawings in the screen, right click on the working area, then click,
zoom and then click zoom extent. All the drawings will be seen in the screen.
AutoCAD2007 Page 21
If you are using an IntelliMouse, hold down the wheel button and move the mouse.
By right-clicking, you can display a shortcut menu with additional viewing options.
3.4 Properties
Every object you draw has a set of inherent
properties including layer, linetype, lineweight, and
plot style.
There are two ways that objects acquire properties:
 They are assigned to a layer and inherit the layer's default properties.
 They are assigned individual properties.
All objects in AutoCAD are drawn on layers. You can make objects visible or invisible by
turning their layers on and off. You can associate the colour, linetype, and other properties
of an object with its layer, or you can set them explicitly for the object.
The properties assigned to objects are easily verified, and you can copy properties from one
object to other objects.
You can control how some objects are displayed. For faster display and for check plots,
certain kinds of objects, including text, hatches, and wide polylines, can be displayed in a
simplified form. For objects that overlap, you can control the order in which they are
displayed.
Displays the properties for the current viewport and the current general properties
Property name (by

category) Properties window with no objects selected
General Description Notes
Selecting Other in the color list
displays the Select Color dialog box
Color Specifies the color of the object (see COLOR)
The list shows all layers in current
Layer Specifies the current layer of the object drawing (see LAYER)
The list shows all linetypes in the
Linetype Specifies the current linetype of the object current drawing (see LINETYPE)
Specifies the linetype scale factor of the
Linetype scale object (see LTSCALE)
The list shows all available
lineweights in the current drawing
Lineweight Specifies the lineweight of the object (see LWEIGHT)
Thickness Specifies the current thickness
Plot style
Lists BYCOLOR, NORMAL, BYLAYER,
BYBLOCK, plus any plot styles contained
in the current plot style table (see
Plot style PLOTSTYLE)
Plot style table Specifies the current plot style table
Determines the name of the space to which
Plot table attached to the current plot style table is attached
Displays the type of plot style tables
Plot table type available
View
AutoCAD2007 Page 22
Property name (by

category) Properties window with no objects selected
General Description Notes
Centre X
Centre Y Specify the X,Y,Z coordinate of the current
Centre Z viewport's centre point Read-only
Height Specifies the height of the current viewport Read-only
Width Specifies the width of the current viewport Read-only
Misc
UCS icon on Determines whether UCS icon is on or off UCSICON system variable
Determines whether the user coordinate
UCS icon at origin system icon is at origin UCSORG system variable
Determines whether the user coordinate
UCS per viewport system is saved with the viewport UCSVP system variable
Lists six orthographic UCSs and
UCS name Specifies name of UCS UCSs named by the user
To display drawing
properties for the active drawing:
a. From the File
menu, choose Drawing Properties
icon
b. In the Drawing
Properties dialog box, choose tabs
to view the different types of
information.
AutoCAD2007 Page 23
4. Object Properties
4.1 Layers
In this section you will learn how to makes a layer current, adds new layers, deletes layers and
renames layers, assign
properties to layers, turn
on and off, layers freeze
and thaw layers globally
or by viewport, lock and unlock layers, set plot styles for layers, and turn plotting on and off
for layers.
Layers are the equivalent of the overlays used in paper-based drafting. They are the primary
organizational tool in AutoCAD, and you use them to group information by function and to
enforce linetype, colour, and other standards.
Create New Layer
To create a new layer
a. On the layer toolbar, click Layer Properties Manager.
b. In the Layer Properties Manager, choose New.
AutoCAD automatically adds a layer

name, such as LAYER1, to the layer
list.
c. Enter a new layer name by typing over the highlighted layer name.
d. A layer name can include up to 255 characters: letters, digits, and the special
characters dollar sign ($), hyphen (-), and underscore (_). Layer names cannot include
blank spaces.
e. Then click OK to finish the work
AutoCAD2007 Page 24
f. To change the properties, click the Colour, Linetype, or Lineweight column and select
new settings.
Example Change the line colour of

 Maj. Contour :- Blue
 Min. contour :- Green
 Canal :- Yellow
 Drains :- Red
g. To expand the Layer Properties Manager and display more details about the selected
layer, choose Details.
h. Choose OK.
i. Now the current layer is „o‟.
AutoCAD2007 Page 25
Current
Sets the selected layer as the current layer. The CLAYER system variable stores the layer
name.
ON/Off Layers
By clicking the “ON/OFF” bulb you can hide the object from view. Example OFF minor
contour
Delete
AutoCAD2007 Page 26
Deletes selected layers from the drawing file definition. You can delete only unreferenced
layers. Referenced layers include layers 0 and DEFPOINTS, layers containing objects
(including objects in block definitions), the current layer, and xref-dependent layers. Layers
that don't contain objects (including objects in block definitions), are not current, and are not
xref-dependent can be deleted by using the PURGE command.
4.2 Color control

The Colour control used to assign individual colour
properties
Example change the colour of the first canal (MC) to cyan
a. select MC by clicking on it
b. drop different colour type by clicking drop dawn arrow
c. click on cyan
4.3 Linetype control
The Linetype control used to assign individual line type properties

Example change the linetype of the first canal (MC) to dashed
b. drop different linetype by clicking dropdawn arrow
c. click on dashed line type
AutoCAD2007 Page 27
d. if you choose is not available on drop dawn menu click on “others”
e. Click on “Load” button of Linetype Manager dialog box
AutoCAD2007 Page 28
f. Select your choose and enter OK
4.4 Lineweight control

The Lineweight control used to assign individual Line weight
properties
Example change the linetype of the first canal (MC) to Lineweight of 0.60mm
b. drop different lineweight by clicking dropdawn arrow
c. click on 0.60mm
AutoCAD2007 Page 29
5. Objects Snap
In this section you will learn how to apply object snap while you draw or modify an object.
Object snaps constrain point specification to exact locations, such as a midpoint or an
intersection, on existing objects. Using object snaps is a quick way to locate an exact position
on an object without having to know the coordinate or draw construction lines. For example,
you can use an object snap to draw a line to the center of a circle or to the midpoint of a
polyline segment. You can specify an object snap whenever AutoCAD prompts for a point
Controls running object snap settings. With running object snap settings, also called Osnap,
you can specify a snap point at an exact location on an object. When more than one option is
selected, AutoCAD applies the selected snap modes to return a point closest to the center of
the aperture box
Object Snap Tab (Drafting Settings Dialog Box) or OSNAP

a. Right Click on the status tool bar, click settings, then the following dialogue box
appears on the screen.
b. you can select/clear all or activate specific object snap
AutoCAD2007 Page 30
1.1 Endpoint
Turnoff all others and turn on Endpoint. Then it snaps to the closest endpoint
of an arc, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline segment, spline, region, or ray,
or to the closest corner of a trace, solid, or 3D face
1.2 Midpoint
Turnoff all others and turn on Midpoint. Then it snaps to the midpoint of an arc,
ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline segment, region, solid or spline.
AutoCAD2007 Page 31
1.3 Center
Snaps to the center of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical arc.
1.4 Node
Snaps to a point object.
1.5 Quadrant
Snaps to a quadrant point of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical arc.
AutoCAD2007 Page 32
1.6 Intersection
Snaps to the intersection of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline,
polyline, ray, region, spline, or xline.
1.7 Perpendicular
Snaps to a point perpendicular to an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line,
multiline, polyline, ray, region, solid or spline
1.8 Tangent
Snaps to the tangent of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, or spline
AutoCAD2007 Page 33
1.9 Parallel
Draws a vector parallel to another object whenever AutoCAD prompts you
for the second point of a vector. After specifying the first point of a vector, if
you move the cursor over a straight line segment of another object, AutoCAD
acquires the point. When the path of the object you create is parallel to the line segment,
AutoCAD displays an alignment path, which you can use to create the parallel object
1.10 Extension
Turn off the others and turn on extension.
AutoCAD2007 Page 34
6. Modify Objects
Modify 1 and Modify-2
In this chapter you will learn how to modify your drawing. The
modification may be Erase, Move, Rotate, Copy, Array, Offset,
Mirror, Scale, Stretch, Lengthen., Trim, Extend ,Fillet, Chamfer
Break, Break at a point ,Explode, Join etc…
6.1 Erase
To erase an object
a. From the Modify menu, choose Erase or
click on Erase icon
b. At the Select Objects prompt, use a selection method
to select the objects to be erased or enter an option:
c. Press ENTER to end the command.
6.2 Copy
To copy an object
a. Select the objects to copy
b. From the Modify menu, choose
Copy.
c. Specify the base point.
d. Specify the second point of displacement
AutoCAD2007 Page 35
6.3 Mirror
To mirror objects
a. From
the Modify menu,
choose Mirror.
b. Select
the objects to mirror.
c. Specify
the first point of the
mirror line.
d. Specify
the second point.
e. Erase
source objects?
[Yes/No] <N>: n (Select „Y‟, to delete the source otherwise „N‟ to keep it)
f. Press ENTER to mirror the object
6.4 Offset
To offset an object by specifying a distance
a. From the Modify menu, choose Offset.
b. Specify the offset distance. You can enter a value or use the
pointing device.
c. Select the object to offset.
d. Specify a point on the side where you want to place the new objects.
e. Select another object to offset, or press ENTER to end the command.
AutoCAD2007 Page 36
6.5 Array
To create a rectangular array
a. From the Modify menu, choose Array.
b. In the Array dialog box, choose Rectangular Array.
c. Make the rows 4 and column 6
d. In the Row Offset and Column Offset boxes, enter the distance
between rows and between columns. Adding a plus sign (+) or a minus sign (-)
determines direction. (For offset distance and direction, type 10 for row and column
offsets and zero for angle of array.)
e. To change the rotation angle of the array, enter the new angle next to Angle of Array.
f. Choose Select Objects.
The Array dialog box closes and AutoCAD prompts for object selection.
g. Select the objects to be arrayed and press ENTER.
h. Choose OK to create the array.
AutoCAD2007 Page 37
As you see, each trapezoid has a distance of 10m from each other
To create a polar array
a. From the Modify menu, choose Array.
b. In the Array dialog box, choose Polar Array.
c. Next to Center Point, do one of the following:
 Enter an X value and a Y value for the center point of the polar array.
 Click the Pick Center Point button. The Array dialog box closes and AutoCAD
prompts for object selection. Use the pointing device to specify the center point of the
polar array.
d. Choose Select Objects.
The Array dialog box closes and AutoCAD prompts for object selection.
e. Select the objects to be arrayed.
f. In the Method box, select one of the following methods:
 Total Number of Items & Angle to Fill
 Total Number of Items & Angle Between Items
 Angle to Fill & Angle Between Items
g. Enter the number of items (including the original object), if available.
h. Use one of the following methods:
AutoCAD2007 Page 38
 Enter the angle to

fill and angle between
items, if available. Angle to
Fill specifies the distance to
fill around the
circumference of the array.
Angle between Items
specifies the distance
between each item.
 Click the Pick
Angle to Fill button and the
Pick Angle Between Items button and use the pointing device to specify the angle to
fill and the angle between items.
The example box displays the result.
i. You can set any of the following options:
 To rotate the objects as they are arrayed, select Rotate Items As Copied. The example
area displays the result.
 To specify the X,Y base point, choose More, clear the Set to Object's Default option
and enter values in the X and Y boxes, or click the Pick Base Point button and use the
pointing device to specify the point.
j. Choose OK to create the array.
6.6 Move
To move an object using two points
a. From the Modify menu, choose Move.
b. Select the objects to move.
c. Specify a base point for the move.
d. Specify a second point, the point of displacement.
The objects you selected are moved to a new location determined by the distance and
direction between the first and the second points
AutoCAD2007 Page 39
6.7 Rotate
You can rotate objects around a specified point. To determine the angle
of rotation, you enter an angle value or specify a second point.
Entering a positive angle value rotates the objects counterclockwise or
clockwise, depending on the
Direction Control setting in the
Drawing Units dialog box. The
plane of rotation and the
direction of the zero angle
depend on the orientation of the
user coordinate system.
To rotate an object
a. From the Modify menu,
choose Rotate.
b. Select the object to
rotate.
c. Specify the base point for the rotation.
d. Do one of the following:
 Enter the angle of rotation.
 Drag the object around its base point and specify a point location to which you want
to rotate the object.
AutoCAD2007 Page 40
6.8 Scale
You can resize objects to make them longer or shorter in only one
direction or to make them proportionally larger or smaller. You can also
stretch certain objects by moving an endpoint, vertex, or control point.
To scale an object by a scale factor
a. From the Modify menu, choose Scale.
b. Select the object to scale.
c. Specify the base point.
d. Enter the scale factor or drag and click to specify a new scale.
6.9 Trim
Objects that can be trimmed include arcs, circles, elliptical arcs,
lines, open 2D and 3D polylines, rays, and splines.
To trim an object
a. From the Modify menu, choose Trim.
b. Select the objects to serve as cutting edges.
To select all objects in the drawing as potential cutting edges, press ENTER
without selecting any objects.
c. Select the objects to trim.
AutoCAD2007 Page 41
6.10 Extend
To extend an object
a. From the Modify menu, choose Extend.
b. Select the objects to serve as boundary edges.
To select all objects in the drawing as potential boundary edges, press
ENTER without selecting any objects.
c. Select the objects to extend.
6.11 Explode
The color, linetype, and lineweight of any exploded object might be
changed. Other results differ depending on the type of compound
object you're exploding.
AutoCAD2007 Page 42
To explode a object
a. From the Modify menu, choose Explode.
b. Select the block to explode and press ENTER.
NB: the original drawings should be drawn using polyline.
6.12 Draworder
When you select multiple objects for reordering, AutoCAD maintains
the relative display order of the objects selected. The selection method
has no impact on drawing order. The command terminates once you
reorder an object. The command does not continue to prompt for additional objects to reorder.
To change the display order of
overlapping objects
a. From the Tools menu,
choose Display Order.
b. Choose one of the
options.
Enter object ordering option [Above
object/Under object/Front/Back]
<Back>: f
c. Select the object you
want to modify and press ENTER
AutoCAD2007 Page 43
6.13 Polyline editing

You can edit polylines by closing and opening them and by moving,
adding, or deleting individual vertices. You can straighten the polyline
between any two vertices and toggle the linetype so that a dash appears
before and after each vertex. You can set a uniform width for the entire
polyline or control the width of each segment. You can also create a linear approximation of a
spline from a polyline.
Joined Polyline Segments

You can join a line, an arc, or another polyline to an open polyline if their ends connect or are
close to each other. If the ends are not coincident but are within a distance that you can set,
called the fuzz distance, the ends are joined by either trimming them, extending them, or
connecting them with a new segment.
To modify a polyline
a. From the Modify menu, choose Object Polyline.
b. Select the polyline to modify.
Inter multiple (m) if your lines are more than one
_pedit Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline or [Multiple]: m
c. Edit the polyline by entering one or more of the following options:
 Enter c (Close) to create a closed polyline.
 Enter j (Join) to join contiguous lines, arcs, or polylines.
 Enter w (Width) to specify a new uniform width for the entire polyline.
 Enter e (Edit Vertex) to edit a vertex.
 Enter f (Fit) to create a series of arcs joining each pair of vertices.
 Enter s (Spline) to create an approximation of a spline.
 Enter d (Decurve) to remove extra vertices inserted by a fit or spline curve and to
straighten all segments of the polyline.
 Enter L (Ltype Gen) to generate the linetype in a continuous pattern through the
vertices of the polyline.
 Enter u (Undo) to reverse actions back to the start of PEDIT.
In our case enter j to join the lines
d. Enter Yes of Y to change lines and arcs to polyline
Convert Lines and Arcs to polylines [Yes/No]? <Y>
 Enter j to join lines
Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: j
Join Type = Extend Inter
Enter fuzz distance or [Jointype] <0.0000>: Inter
AutoCAD2007 Page 44
Note: - Lines and arcs changed and have got inherent properties of the polyline
AutoCAD2007 Page 45
7. Dimensions
In this chapter you will learn how to make different ways of liner , angular and ordinate (X
&Y) measurements.
7.1 Dimension Style

The dimension style determines all your measurement style.
Hence depending up on your
working standards, you can
create new styles, sets the
current style, modifies styles, sets overrides on the current
style, and compares styles.
Create new style
Names the new dimension style, sets the style on which to
start the new one, and indicates the dimension types to which
you want the new style to apply.
To create new dimension style
a. From the Dimension menu, choose Style or
click on
b. From the Dimension Manager Click on New
button
c. On create New Dimension Style button
AutoCAD2007 Page 46
New Style Name: write the name as you want

Start With: select from the drawdown menu if there is any
Use For: from the drawdown menu, select the type to use in. This creates a style that applies
only to specific
dimension types. For
example, suppose the
text colour for the
STANDARD style is
black, but you want the
text to be blue only for
diameter dimensions.
Under Start With,
select STANDARD,
and under Use For,
select Diameter. New
Style Name becomes
unavailable because
you are defining a substyle of STANDARD. After you change the text colour to blue in the
New Dimension Style dialog box, Diameter is displayed as a substyle under STANDARD in
the Dimension Style Manager. Whenever you use the STANDARD style for diameter
dimensions, the text is blue. When you use STANDARD for all other dimension types, the
text is black.
d. On “Write the Name” Dimension Style button
A. Lines
Dimension Line box: - Sets the dimension line properties.
 Colour : - Sets the colour for the dimension line
 Linetype: - Sets the linetype of the dimension line
 Lineweight: - Sets the lineweight of the dimension line.
Extend Beyond Ticks: - Specifies a distance to extend the dimension line past the
extension line when you use oblique, architectural, tick, integral, and no marks for
arrowheads.
 Baseline Spacing: - Sets the spacing between the dimension lines of a baseline
dimension.
 Suppress: - Suppresses display of dimension lines. Dim Line 1 suppresses the first
dimension line; Dim Line 2 suppresses the second dimension line.
Extension line box: - Controls the appearance of the extension lines
AutoCAD2007 Page 47
 Color : - Sets the color for the dimension line

 Lineweight : - Sets the lineweight of the dimension line
 Extend Beyond Dim Lines : - Specifies a distance to extend the extension lines
above the dimension line
 Offset From Origin : - Sets the distance to offset the extension lines from the points
on the drawing that define the dimension
 Suppress: - Suppresses the display of extension lines. Ext Line 1 suppresses the first
extension line; Ext Line 2 suppresses the second extension line
 Arrowheads : - Controls the appearance of the dimension arrowheads
 Centre Marks for Circles : - Controls the appearance of centre marks and
centrelines for diameter and radial dimensions
B. Symbol and Arrow: - This is used to set the arrow type to be used for the dimension.
C. Text
Sets the style, colour, placement, and alignment of dimension text

 Text style: - It is possible to select the text style by clicking the text style button.
Then select the text type what you want
 Text colour: - it used to select the colour of the text.
 Fill colour: - it used to select the colour of the fill.
 Text height: it used to adjust the dimension of the text.
 Text Placement: it used to adjust where to place the text.
 Text Alignment: -Controls the orientation (horizontal or aligned) of dimension text
whether it is inside or outside the extension lines
D. Primary unit Tab: - Sets the format and precision of primary dimension units and sets
prefixes and suffixes for dimension text.
Note: after adjusting each parameters from the dimension style, click set current to use the
adjusted parameter.
AutoCAD2007 Page 48
7.2 Linear dimensions

Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical, or aligned. With aligned
dimensions, the dimension line is parallel to the line (imaginary or
real) between the extension line origins. Baseline (or parallel) and
continued (or chain) dimensions are series of consecutive dimensions
that are based on a linear dimension.
After you specify the extension line origin points or the object to dimension, the following
prompt is displayed:
click on Linear dimension icon

Specify first extension line origin or <select object>:
Specify second extension line origin: then Type „m‟ and Inter
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: type „m‟
Then you can type your text on multiline text dialog box
Text: - click on Linear dimension icon

Specify first extension line origin or
<select object>:
Specify second extension line origin:
Then, Type t and Inter
Specify dimension line location or
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertic
al/Rotated]: t, then Type your text.
The example below shows that even
if the actual dimension is 8m, you can
type 10 to make it 10m length.
AutoCAD2007 Page 49
Angle: click on linear dimension icon

Specify second extension line origin: then, Type „a‟ and Inter
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: „a‟ then,
Insert angle. Specify angle of dimension text: type the angle of dimension text as you want.
Horizontal (H) or Vertical (V): H for horizontal dimension only and V for vertical
dimension only
Click on Linear dimension icon
Specify second extension line origin: then Type H or V and Inter
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: h
Rotate
Click on Linear dimension icon
Specify second extension line origin: then Type R and Inter
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: r, then
Insert angle and Inter
Specify angle of dimension line <0>: type the angle of dimension line as you want.
Exercise: draw a trapezoid having 8m base and 6m and 4m height. Try to measure the
dimensions by [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]
7.3 Aligned dimensions

In aligned dimensions, the dimension line is parallel to the extension line
origins.
To create an aligned dimension
a. From the Dimension menu, choose Aligned.
b. Press ENTER to select the object to dimension, or specify the first
and second extension line origins.
c. Before specifying the dimension line location, you can override the dimension
direction and edit the text, the text angle, or the dimension line angle:
 To rotate the extension lines, enter „r‟ (Rotated). Then enter the dimension line
angle.
 To edit the text, enter „m‟ (Mtext). In the Multiline Text Editor, revise the text
and choose OK. Editing within or overwriting the brackets (<>) changes or
AutoCAD2007 Page 50
removes the dimension value

calculated by AutoCAD. Adding
text before or after the brackets
appends text before or after the
dimension value.
 To rotate the text,
enter „a‟ (Angle). Then enter the
text angle.
d. Specify the dimension line
location.
7.4 Ordinate Dimension

Ordinate dimensions measure the
perpendicular
distance from an origin point called the datum to a dimensioned feature.
AutoCAD uses the absolute coordinate value of the current UCS to
determine the ordinate values. Before creating ordinate dimensions,
you typically reset the UCS origin to coincide with the datum.
To create ordinate dimensions
a. From the Dimension menu,
choose Ordinate.
b. If straight ordinate leaders are
required, turn Ortho mode on.
c. At the Select Feature
Location prompt, specify a point
location.
d. Enter x (X Datum) or y (Y
Datum).
You can skip step 5 by making sure
that the ordinate leader endpoint is
close to vertical for an X datum or
close to horizontal for a Y datum.
e. Specify the ordinate leader endpoint.
Example: Draw a trapezoid as shown below and make the starting point to be 3, 3. Then,
measure the ordinate dimensions.
AutoCAD2007 Page 51
7.5 Radius
Radial dimensions measure the radii and diameters of arcs and circles with
optional centrelines or a centre mark. If Text Placement is set to Over the
Dimension Line, with a leader, the dimension is applied with a leader line.
Center marks and lines apply only to diameter and radius dimensions. They
are drawn only if the dimension line is placed outside
the circle or arc.
To create a radius dimension
a. From the Dimension menu, choose Radius.
b. Select the arc or circle to dimension.
c. Enter options as needed:
 To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text)
or m (Mtext). Editing within or overwriting the brackets
(<>) changes or removes the dimension value calculated
by AutoCAD. Adding text before or after the brackets
appends text before or after the dimension value.
 To edit the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle).
d. Specify the leader line location.
7.6 Diameter
To create a diameter dimension
 From the Dimension menu, choose Diameter.
 Select the arc or circle to dimension.
 Enter options as needed:
 To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text) or m (Mtext). Editing within or
overwriting the brackets (<>) changes or removes the
dimension value calculated by AutoCAD. Adding text before
or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension
value.
 To change the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle).
 Specify the leader line location.
AutoCAD2007 Page 52
7.7 Angular Dimension

Angular dimensions measure the angle between two lines or three points
To create an angular dimension
a. From the Dimension menu, choose Angular.
b. Use one of the following methods:

 To dimension a circle, select the circle at the first endpoint of the angle and then
specify the second endpoint of the angle.
 To dimension any other object, select the first
line, and then select the second line.
c. Enter options as needed:
 To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text)
or m (Mtext). Editing within or overwriting the brackets
(<>) changes or removes the dimension value calculated
by AutoCAD. Adding text before or after the brackets
appends text before or after the dimension value.
a) To edit the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle).
d. Specify the dimension line arc location
7.8 Quick Dimension

Use QDIM to quickly create a series of dimensions. The command
is particularly useful for creating a series of baseline or continued
dimensions, or for dimensioning a series of circles and arcs.
To create quick dimensions: Select geometry to dimension: Select

the objects you want to dimension and press ENTER
Specify dimension line position, or
[Continuous/Staggered/Baseline/Ordinate/Radius/Diameter/datumPoint/Edit] <current>:
Enter an option or press ENTER
Continuous: - Creates a series of continued dimensions
Staggered: - Creates a series of staggered dimensions
Baseline: - Creates a series of baseline dimensions
Ordinate: - Creates a series of ordinate dimensions.
Radius: - Creates a series of radius dimensions.
Diameter: - Creates a series of diameter dimensions
Datum Point: - Sets a new datum point for baseline and ordinate dimensions.
AutoCAD2007 Page 53
 Select new datum point: Specify a point

 AutoCAD® returns to the previous prompt.
Edit: - Edits a series of dimensions. AutoCAD prompts you to add or remove points from
existing dimensions.
7.9 Importing Excel profile data

You may have surveying profile data (chainage Vs elevation) in the Excel sheet .In this
section you will learn how to change this data to drawing profile in the AutoCAD.
a) Insert your data in the Excel data sheet and Insert equation function of
CONCATENAT in the next column
b) Copy the CONCATENAT raw
c) Open AutoCAD and click on Polyline icon

d) Right click on Command line and click on past
AutoCAD2007 Page 54
e) Click on Quick dimension icon=>select object => press enter=> Select Ordinate (O)
=> press enter. Then you can write X or Y ordinates
7.10 Baseline Dimension

Baseline dimensions are multiple dimensions measured from the same baseline. You create
baseline dimensions incrementally from the most recently created dimension
in the current session.
You must create a linear, aligned, or angular dimension before you create
baseline or continued dimensions
To create a baseline linear dimension
a. From the Dimension menu, choose Baseline.
By default, the origin of the last linear dimension created is used as the first extension line for
the new baseline dimension. AutoCAD prompts for the second dimension line.
b. Use an object snap to select the second extension line origin, or press ENTER to select
any dimension as the base dimension.
AutoCAD automatically places the second dimension line at the distance specified by the
Baseline Spacing option in the Dimension Style Manager, Lines and Arrows tab.
c. Use an object snap to specify the next extension line origin.
d. Continue to select extension line origins as required.
e. Press ENTER twice to end the command.
AutoCAD2007 Page 55
7.11 Continued Dimension

Continued dimensions are multiple dimensions placed end to end.
To create a continued linear dimension
a. From the Dimension menu, choose Continue.
AutoCAD uses the origin of the second extension line of the existing
dimension as the first extension line origin.
b. Use object snaps to specify additional extension line origins.
c. Press ENTER twice to end the command.
AutoCAD2007 Page 56
8. Create Layouts and Plot Drawing
8.1 Model and Layout Space

The AutoCAD window provides two parallel working
environments represented by the Model and layout tabs. Working
on the Model tab, you draw a model of your subject. On the
layout tabs, you can arrange multiple "snapshots" of the model.
Each layout represents a drawing sheet that can display one or more views of the model at
various scales.
 The Model tab accesses a limitless drawing area. In model space, you draw at 1:1
scale, and you decide whether one unit represents one inch (for a bracket) or one
meter (for a bridge).
 Layout tabs access virtual drawing sheets. When you set up a layout, you tell
AutoCAD the sheet size you want to use. The layout represents the drawing sheet.
This layout environment is called paper space.
In a layout, you can create and position viewports and you can add dimensions, a title block,
or other geometry. Viewports display a drawing's model space objects, that is, the objects you
created on the Model tab. Each viewport can display the model space objects at a specified
scale.
You can create multiple layouts in a drawing; each layout can contain different plot settings
and paper sizes.
By default, a new drawing starts with two layout tabs, Layout1 and Layout2. If you use a
template drawing, the default layout configuration in your drawing may be different.
You can create a new layout from scratch. Use the Create Layout wizard, or import a layout
from a template drawing. When you create a layout from scratch, the first time you select the
layout, you are prompted for page setup information.
You can right-click a layout tab to display a shortcut menu with options to
 Create a new layout
 Import a layout from a template drawing
 Delete a layout
 Rename a layout
 Change the order of the layout tabs
 Create a new layout based on an existing layout
 Select all layouts
 Create a page setup for the current layout
 Plot a layout
AutoCAD2007 Page 57
To create a new layout

a. From the Insert menu, choose Layout. Then choose New Layout.
b. Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To import a layout from a template
a. From the Insert menu, choose Layout. Then choose Layout from Template.
b. In the Select Template from File dialog box, choose a DWT or DWG file to import a
layout from.
c. Choose Open.
d. In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.
AutoCAD2007 Page 58
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To delete a layout
a. Right-click the layout tab for the layout you want to delete, and choose Delete from
the shortcut menu.
b. In the AutoCAD warning box, choose OK to delete the layout.
The Model tab cannot be deleted.
To rename a layout
a. Right-click the layout tab for the layout you want to rename, and choose Rename from
the shortcut menu.
b. In the Rename Layout dialog box, enter the new name for the layout.
c. Choose OK.
Note that the Model tab cannot be renamed.
AutoCAD2007 Page 59
To rearrange layout tabs

a. Right-click the layout tab of the layout you want to reposition, and choose Move or
Copy from the shortcut menu.
b. In the Move or Copy dialog box, select the layout tab that should be placed
immediately after the moved or copied layout tab. If you want to move the layout tab to
the end of the list of layout tabs, select Move to End.
c. Choose OK.
The Model tab cannot be repositioned.
To duplicate a layout
a. Right-click the layout tab of the layout you want to duplicate, and choose Move or
Copy from the shortcut menu.
b. In the Move or Copy dialog box, select a position for the new layout tab.
c. Make sure that Create a Copy is selected.
d. Choose OK.
The Model tab cannot be duplicated.
AutoCAD2007 Page 60
To select all layouts: - Right-click any layout tab and choose Select All Layouts from the
shortcut menu
To run page setup for the current layout: - Right-click the current layout tab and choose
Page Setup from the shortcut menu.
To plot a layout
a. Click the layout tabs that you want to plot. Hold down SHIFT to select more than
one.
b. Right-click a layout tab and choose Plot from the shortcut menu.
Select your Plot devise and Paper setting
c. Choose OK to plot the drawing with the new settings
8.2 Layout Viewports

When you create a layout, you can add layout viewports that act as windows into model
space.
You typically design your drawing in model space and prepare it for plotting in paper space.
The environment you use to lay out and prepare your drawing for plotting is a close visual
representation of the final plot. At the bottom of the drawing window there is one Model tab
and one or more layout tabs.
To create a layout viewport
a. Choose a layout tab.
b. From the View menu, choose Viewports. Then choose New Viewports.
c. In the Viewports dialog box, select New Viewports tab, as a viewport configuration from
the list.
d. Under Setup, select either 2D ( we do on 2D)
e. Under Viewport Spacing, select the amount of spacing you want to add between the
viewports.
AutoCAD2007 Page 61
f. To change a view, select a viewport in the preview image. Under Change View To, select
a view from the list of standard views.
The list includes top, bottom, front, back, left, right, and isometric views, along with any
named views that are saved in the drawing. The selected view is displayed under Preview.
g. Choose OK.
h. In the drawing area, specify two points to indicate the area to contain the viewport
configuration.
AutoCAD2007 Page 62
To modify viewport properties using the Properties window

a. Select the border of the layout viewport whose properties you want to modify.
b. From the Tools menu, choose Properties.
c. In the Properties window, select the value for the property you want to modify, and
then enter a new value or choose a new setting from the list provided.
Alternatively, you can double-click almost any object to display the Properties window. The
Properties window displays the properties of the selected objects.
The new property setting or value is assigned to the current viewport.
Scale of the drawing
From the Properties window, there is “custom scale”. By changing the assigned number it is
possible to fix the drawing
scale on paper space.
Drawing Scale =
1000/Custom Scale
To modify a viewport
scale using the Properties
window
a. Make sure you are
on a layout tab in paper
space.
b. Select the border
of the viewport whose
scale you want to modify.
c. From the Tools menu, choose Properties.
d. In the Properties window, select Standard Scale, and then choose a new scale from the
list.
Alternatively, you can double-click almost any object to display the Properties window. The
Properties window displays the properties of the selected objects.
The scale you choose is applied to the viewport
8.3 Plot
A layout represents a plotted page. You can create as many layouts as you need. Each layout
is saved on its own layout tab and can be associated with a different page size and plotter.
To plot a drawing:
a. From the File menu, choose Plot.
AutoCAD2007 Page 63
b. In the Plot dialog box, printer/plotter tab, and select plotter from the Name box.
c. Under Paper Size, select a paper size from the Paper Size box.
d. Under Plot Area, specify the portion of your drawing that you want to plot.
e. Under Plot Scale, select a scale from the Scale box.
f. Choose OK.
Example: - Draw the following weir section with a given dimension, hatch style and text to a
scale of 1: 200. Prepare the drawing on A4 paper for plotting.
AutoCAD2007 Page 64
9. Block, Block Attribute and Template

In this section you will learn how to make your own Block, Block Attribute and Template
9.1 Block
A block can be composed of objects drawn on several layers with various colors, linetypes,
and lineweight properties. Although a block is always inserted on the current layer,
the block reference preserves information about the original layer, color, and
linetype properties of the objects that are contained in the block.
To define a block for the current
drawing
a) Create the objects you
want to use in the block
definition.
b) From the Draw menu,
choose Block Make.
c) In the Block Definition

dialog box, enter a block name in
the Name box.
d) Under Objects, select
Convert to Block.
If you want the original objects used

to create the block definition to
remain in your drawing, make sure
the Delete option is not selected. If
this option is selected, the original
objects are erased from the drawing.
If necessary, you can use OOPS to
restore them.
e) Choose Select Objects.
f) Use your pointing device to
select the objects to be included in
the block definition. Press ENTER
to complete object selection.
g) In the Block Definition
dialog box under Base Point, specify
AutoCAD2007 Page 65
the block insertion point using one of these methods:

 Choose Pick Point to specify a point using the pointing device.
 Enter the X, Y, Z coordinate of the point.
e. In the Description box, enter a description for the block definition. This
description is displayed in AutoCAD DesignCenter (ADCENTER).
f. Choose OK.
The block is defined in the current drawing and can be inserted at any time.
9.2 Insert Block

When you insert a block, you determine its location, scale factor, and rotation angle. You can
specify the scale of a block reference using different X, Y, and Z values. Inserting a
block creates an object called a block reference because it references a block
definition stored in your current drawing.
To insert a block defined in the current

drawing
a. From the Insert menu, choose Block.
Or click Insert Block icon
b. In the Insert dialog box, in the Name box, select a name from a list of block definitions.
c. If you want to use the pointing device to specify the insertion point, scale, and rotation,
selects Specify On-Screen. Otherwise, enter values in the Insertion Point, Scale, and
Rotation boxes.
d. If you want the objects in the block to be inserted as individual objects instead of as a
single block, select Explode.
e. Choose OK.
9.3 Block Attribute

It enables you shortening or avoid repeatedly object or Template preparation. To create an
attribute, you first create an attribute definition, which describes the characteristics of the
attribute. The characteristic includes:-
 The tag (which is a name that identifies the attribute),
AutoCAD2007 Page 66
 The prompt displayed when you insert the block, value information, text formatting,
location, and any optional modes (Invisible, Constant, Verify, and Preset).
To create an attribute definition
a. Draw the drawing and Insert fixed text
b. From the Draw menu, choose Block Define Attributes.
c. In the Attribute Definition dialog box, set the attribute modes and enter tag
information, location, and text options.
AutoCAD2007 Page 67
d. Before changing in to Block define all attributes
e. Change in to Block
AutoCAD2007 Page 68
f. AutoCAD
promotes you to fill the defined
attributes while inserting the
block by double clicking on the
attribute value
After creating the attribute

definition, you can select it as
an object while creating a block
definition. If the attribute definition is incorporated into a block, whenever you insert the
block, AutoCAD prompts you with the text string you specified for the attribute. Each
subsequent instance of the block can have a different value specified for the attribute.
9.4 Template
A template drawing file contains standard settings. Select one of the template files supplied,
or create your own template drawing files. Drawing template files have a .dwt file extension.
When you create a new drawing based on an existing template file and make changes, the
changes in the new drawing do not affect the template file. You can use one of the template
files supplied with AutoCAD, or you can create your own template files.
Create a Template Drawing File
When you need to create several drawings that use the same conventions and default settings,
you can save time by creating or customizing a template file instead of specifying the
conventions and default settings each time you start. Conventions and settings commonly
stored in template drawing files include
 Unit type and precision
AutoCAD2007 Page 69
 Title blocks, borders, and logos

 Layer names
 Snap, Grid, and Ortho settings
 Drawing (grid) limits
 Dimension styles
 Text styles
 Linetypes
By default, template drawing files are stored in the template folder, where they are easily
access
To create a drawing template file from an existing drawing
a. From the File menu, choose Open.
b. In the Select File dialog box, select the file you want to use as a template and
choose OK.
c. If you want to delete the existing file contents, from the Modify menu,
choose Erase.
d. At the Select Objects prompt, enter all, and then select the border and title
block (if you want to remove them) and enter r (Remove).
e. Prepare you paper set and insert/past your defined block
f. From the File menu, choose Save As.
AutoCAD2007 Page 70
g. In the Save Drawing As dialog box under Files of Type, select the Drawing
Template file type.
h. In the File Name box, enter a name for the template. Choose Save.
i. Enter a description of the template and choose OK.
The new template is saved in the template folder.
10. Shortcut Keys
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6.11 Explode ...................................................................................................... 42

1. GETTING START WITH AUTOCAD 2007

First methods: if you have the AutoCAD2007 icon on your Desktop

Second Method: If you don‟t have AutoCAD2007 icon on your Desktop

The following windows will be displayed

Choose AutoCAD classic as the initial workplace

Close the Tool Palettes by clicking once on Close

Close the Sheet Set Manager by clicking once on the

1.1 Drawing Units Setup

1.2 Drawing area setup

1. In the pull-down menus, select: Format then Drawing

The Zoom All command will adjust the display

1.3 Using the Line Command

1. Click on the Info Palette option in the

6. In the command prompt area, near

Title bar Menu bar

2. DRAWING OF SIMPLE GEOMETRY

a. From the Format menu, choose Point Style.

c. From the property menu, select the line weight to be 0.3mm

Point (200, 500). Note: the adds the

First point (50,100).

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 300,500

Exercise: creation of variable width of polyline

2.4 Dividing an object into equal segments

 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: f

 polygon Enter number of sides <5>: 6

2.9 Multiline Text editor

 The type the text as

3. Standard Tool Bar

3.1 Mach properties

3.2 Pan Realtime

Property name (by

Property name (by

AutoCAD automatically adds a layer

Example Change the line colour of

4.2 Color control

4.3 Linetype control

The Linetype control used to assign individual line type properties

d. if you choose is not available on drop dawn menu click on “others”

e. Click on “Load” button of Linetype Manager dialog box

f. Select your choose and enter OK

4.4 Lineweight control

Object Snap Tab (Drafting Settings Dialog Box) or OSNAP

b. you can select/clear all or activate specific object snap

Snaps to the center of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical arc.

Snaps to a point object.

Modify 1 and Modify-2

h. Choose OK to create the array.

 Enter the angle to

NB: the original drawings should be drawn using polyline.

6.13 Polyline editing

Joined Polyline Segments

7.1 Dimension Style

c. On create New Dimension Style button

New Style Name: write the name as you want

 Color : - Sets the color for the dimension line

Sets the style, colour, placement, and alignment of dimension text

7.2 Linear dimensions

click on Linear dimension icon

Text: - click on Linear dimension icon