EXERCISE PRACTICE

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease (26)____________

is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.

Most people (27)____________ with the COVID-19 virus will experience

mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more
likely to develop serious illness.

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is be well informed about the
COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and
(28)________________ from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol
based rub frequently and not touching your face.

The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge

from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that
you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed
elbow).

At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19.(29)

_____________, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential
treatments. On 30 January 2020, the WHO Director-General declared the novel
coronavirus (2019-nCoV) a outbreak public health emergency of
(30)_______________ concern.

Question 26. A. who B. which C. whom D. where

Question 27. A. inflated B. inserted C. infected D. injected

Question 28. A. others B. other C. another D. some

Question 29. A. Moreover B. Although C. Therefore D.

Howerver
Question 30. A. international B. regional C.
continental D. national

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
A recent study shows that an unequal share of household chores is still the
norm in many households, despite the fact that many more women now have jobs.
In a survey of 1,256 people ages between 18 and 65, men said they contributed an
average of 37% of the total housework, while the women estimated their share to be
nearly double that. This ratio was not affected by whether the woman was working
or not.

When they were asked what they thought was a fair division of labour, women
with jobs felt that housework should be shared equally between male and female
partners. Women who did not work outside the home were satisfied to perform 80%
- the majority of the household work - if their husbands did remainder. Research
has shown that, if levels increase beyond these percentages, women become
unhappy and anxious, and feel they are unimportant.

After marriage, a woman is reported to increase her household workload by 14

hours per week, but for men the amount is just 90 minutes. So the division of labour
becomes unbalanced, as a man's share increases much less than the woman's. It is
the inequality and loss of respect, not the actual number of hours, which leads to
anxiety and depression. The research describes housework as thankless and
unfulfilling. Activities included in the study were cooking, cleaning, shopping,
doing laundry, washing up and childcare. Women who have jobs report that they
feel overworked by these chores in addition to their professional duties. In contrast,
full-time homemakers frequently anticipate going back to work when the children
grow up. Distress for this group is caused by losing the teamwork in the marriage.

Question 31. In a survey, what percentage of the total housework did men
contribute _____?

A. 30 % B. 35 % C. 37 % D. 40 %
Question 32. The word “remainder” in the first paragraph is closest meaning to
______?

A. What is done B. what is left C. What is fulfilled D. what is

share

Question 33. The word "who" in paragraph 2 refers to________.

A. men B. women C. partners D. male

Question 34. All activities mentioned in the passage are household chores
EXCEPT________.

A. shopping B. washing-up

C. looking after old-aged parents D. child caring

Question 35. What is the most suitable heading for the passage?

A. Difficulties of working women B. Unequal housework division

C. Reason for women to be distress D. How to be happy couples

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

SLEEP CYCLES
Whether one is awake or asleep, the brain emits electrical waves. These
waves occur in predictable sleep cycles that can be measured with an
electroencephalograph, known more commonly as an EEG. During wakefulness,
the waves are recorded at about ten small waves per second, but with the onset of
sleep, the waves become larger and slower. The largest, slowest waves occur
during the first three hours of sleep when mental activity slows down but does not
stop. In fact, if awakened from slow-wave sleep, a person can often remember
vague thoughts that occurred during that period of sleep, but the sleeper does not
generally dream. Referred to as NREM or non-REM sleep, it is characterized by
large, slow waves.

During sleep, intervals of small , fast waves also occur in patterns similar to
those experienced while awake. The eyes move rapidly, and it appears to the
observer that the sleeper is watching some event. Sleepers who are awakened
during this rapid-eye-movement sleep will often recall the detail s of dreams they
have been having. Sleep of this kind is called dreaming sleep or rapid-eye-
movement sleep, also known as REM sleep. REM sleep is emotionally charged.
The heart beats irregularly, and blood pressure may be elevated. In contrast, the
body is so still that the dreamer may appear to be paralyzed.
In a period of eight hours, most sleepers experience from three to five
instances of REM sleep. Each instance lasts from five to thirty minutes with an
interval of at least ninety minutes between each one. Later instances of REM sleep
are usually of longer duration than are instances earlier in the eight-hour period.
Since people who suffer sleep deprivation experience fatigue, irritability,
and loss ofconcentration, we must conclude that sleep is essential because in some
way it regenerates the brain and the nervous system. NREM sleep increases after
physical exertion, whereas REM sleep tends to increase after a stressful day.
Studies suggest that non-REM sleep may be especially helpful in restoring muscle
control, whereas REM sleep may be more important in revitalizing mental activity.
It appears that both kinds of sleep are necessary, and the recuperation of sleep of
one kind will not compensate for a lack of the other kind of sleep.
(Adapted from "Barron’s Practice Exercises for the Toefl, 6th edition”)
Question 36. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
A. To describe REM sleep
B. To explain sleep deprivation
C. To discuss the two types of sleep
D. To recommend an increase in the number of hours of sleep
Question 37. How many times per night do most sleepers experience REM sleep?
A. Eight B. Three to five C. Five to thirty D. Ninety
Question 38. The word " vague" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
_______.
A. familiar B. indefinite C. unpleasant D. detailed
Question 39. The word "essential" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
_______.
 A. planned B. natural C. interesting D.
necessary
Question 40. The word " it" in line 29 refers to _______.
A. deprivation B. the brain C. sleep D.
concentration
Question 41. Which response is NOT typical of REM sleep?
A. Irregular heartbeat B. Dreams and visions
C. Movements in arms and legs D. Higher blood pressure
Question 42. It can be inferred from the passage that students who are writing term
papers
A. require slow-wave sleep to increase mental activity
B. can stay up all night working and recover the sleep they need by sleeping
for a few hours the next afternoon
C. need REM sleep to restore mental functioning
D. do not need as much sleep because of the heightened brain waves involved
in creative activity