4-5 Circuit Safe Load Branch Circuit is the technical term for the House Wiring Installation. House wiring varies in sizes depending upon the kind of load it is to serve. Load refers to the electricity drawn or consumed by lighting fixtures, appliances, equipment etc. ‘The problem confronting the technologist is how to deter- mine the types of wire to be used, their sizes and other appur- tenances relative to its installation. These problems however, hhas been addressed by the National Electrical Code under the following specific provisions: 1. The Code provides that wirings for electrical circuitry shall be of the types RHW, T, THW, TW, THWN, XXHHW in a raceway or cables as presented on Table 2-5 2. That, on a 15 amperes circuit, a single appliance shall not draw a maximum load of more than 12 amperes. 3. That, on a 20 amperes circuit, a single appliance shall not draw current in excess of 16 amperes. 4. That, if a branch circuit is combined with lighting or portable appliances, any fixed appliance shall not be allowed to draw mcre than 7.5 amperes on a 15 am- peres circuit and 10 amperes on a 20 amperes circuit. 5. That, on a 30 amperes circuit, a single appliance draw shall not exceed 24 amperes. 6; That, a heavy lamp holders shall be rated not less than 750 watts. 7. That, a 30, 40 and 50 amperes circuit shall not be used for fixed lighting in residences. 8. That, when loads are connected for a long period of time, its actual load shall be computed not to 80% of the fuse rating. Long period of time refers ©ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IN BUILDING electric motors, air conditioner, and other similar units with a continuous loading ©. That, a continuous type load shall be considered at 125% of the actual load in all load calculations. 10. That, a single receptacle on individual branch circuit shall have a rating of not less than the circuit. 11. Receptacles feeding portable and or steady appliance shall be limited to loads of 80% of their rating, that is a. 12 amperes for a 15 amperes receptacle b. 16 amperes for a 20 amperes receptacle c. 24 amperes for a 30 amperes receptacle 12. The number of outlets in a circuit shall be limited to 6 outlets on a 15 ampere circuit 8 outlets on a 20 ampere circuit Comments: A 15 or 20 amperes circuit refers to the branch circuit or wiring installation. The protective device has to open in case of over current or fault before the wiring circuitry is damaged. Thus, fuse rating should be lower than the allowable ampacity of the wire, except on No. 14, 12, and 10 AWG conductors were the load current rating and the over current protection shall not exceed 15, 20 and 30 amperes respectively. If 16 amperes is allowed to be drawn by a single appliance on a 20 amperes circuit, it simply mean that, the 4 amperes difference is 20% safety factor provided by the Code. To find the wattage or maximum load equivalent to 16 amperes on an outlet for a single appliance load we have: Watt or Power = Voltage x Ampere w 240 x 16 amp. 3,840 watts20 15 or 20 16 30 30 24 ag 36 40 40 or 50 32 45 50 50 40 20 60 48 24 70 56 28 80 64 32 30 72 36 400 80 40 410 99 44 125 400 50 150 420 60 175 140 70 200 160 80 225 180 90 250 200 100 300 240 120 350 280 140 400 320 160Seieea bb t 00r eee feta t sze Retell a|.be th | o 082 Seliesap se, fo b-| z ‘ ‘ 4 08 pue HY Oke deo. ep eb 1 4 09 (e-p1) ada 328 Ss ee Seti 8. | S| -e . [ooo =} 4 0s (oe- 1) MAY rie 62-9 |b | ee \ ee (oe- ps) HN zie }e)eé s [+ z b 4 oe ‘MHL oes de} t. |-2-| 8 fe] bed z b eesjace | C2" 10h | -Ob [2k |e [ee pt vt ML 9 jo |ze}ejejo}]s |e] t MHL it }se | i9 | e& | o job | bh | 9 | (Guuanoo dsb jute | oc | es | ze joe |e | 8 | Fb Jayno noua) zi | et | 6 | 59 | OF 9 | Oo} § Hu PUe MY 6 3 HHY ve | | } ez | ar jzj 2 |e | 2 een 9s | teh | $8 | 09 | se | oz | sh | 6 | Wz] MHHX. Mb | sh] 8c | ao | se |e | a] 2 “mn wi | 66 | 09 | | Se |] sk] 6 "HOS 'L'ML 2 ee Lak zis soyonpuod : 0 | 08 | so | os | o | ze | sz | oc] st azig apell ynpucg ONIGAL LIAGNOO AO SAZIS AAVAL NI SHOLONGNOO AO YAGWAN WAWIXVIN *I-p T1EVL‘TBLE 4-2 ALLOWABLE CONDUCTORS RATED 0-2000 VO Not more than three conductors in rac directly burried based on Ambient Temperature ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE AMPACITIES OF LTS, 60' rts -eway or cable or 2 a 60°C | 75°C TYPE| TYPE mm? RUW| FEPW mm(dia) | 1 | RH Tw | RHW uF | RHU THW THWN *FEP XHHW "RHH XHHW. “FEPB USE “THHN USE “RHH xHHW zw “THHN “XHHW, SOPPER. aS ALUMINUM OR COPPER CLAD ALUMINUM, Zoe | | 5 25 2 - : = : 35(20) | 20 | 2 30 2 15 15 25 25 55(26) | 30 | 20 40 40 25 25 30 0 8.0(32) | 40 | 45 50 50 30 40 40 40 14 55 | 65 70 70 40 50 55 55er ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IN BUILDING 4-6 Sizing the Conductor Wires and the Over Current Protective Devices Under this topic, the sizes of the branch circuit wires and its housing, conduits plus the over current protective device or fuse will be determined based on the load it will serve A sketch plan of the convenience outlets, lightings and their switches should be prepared. The expected load is computed, and the number of circuit necessary for the lights, convenience outlet, appliances and others are determined TABLE 4-3 GENERAL LIGHTING LOAD BY OCCUPANCY Type of Occupancy watts per Sq M. Armories and auditorium 8 Banks 40 Barber shop and beauty parlor 24 Churches 8 Clubs 16 Court rooms 16 Dwelling units 24 Garages-commercial storage 4 Hospitals 16 Hotels, motels and apartment (no pro- vision for cooking by tenants) 16 Industrial commercial loft building 16 Lodge room 12 Office building 40 Restaurant 16 Schools 24 Stores 24 Warehouse (storage) 2 Assembly halls and auditorium 8 Halls, corridors, closets 4 All receptacles outlets of 20 amperes or less rating in one family and iain ctectily dwellings and in guest rooms of hotels and motels except those connected to the receptacle circuits specified in Sec. 3.3.13 (6) of the Code shall be considered as outlets for general illu mination and no additional load calculations shall be required for such outletsELECTRIC LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE ILLUSTRATION 4-1 SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING ‘Type of Service — 230 Volts; Single Phase — 2 Wire 60 Hz. Line to Ground Current System UGHTING PLAN Fic URE 4-14 LIGHTING LaYouTELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IN BUILDING PROBLEM 4-1 A single family dwelling is to be circuited with ing meriretiete as shown on Figure 4-14, Deinasier a. Size of the branch circuit wire for lighti ; Rh Gian AE the conduit pia te c. Size or rating of the fuse protective device SOLUTION A. Circuit—1 for Lighting Load 1. From Figure 4-14, determine the number of lighting outlets. By direct counting, there are 8 light outlets. The National Electrical Code provides that: “100 watts shall be the maximum load for each house- hold lighting outlet.” Adopting the 100 watts per lighting outlet we have 8 outlets x 100 = 800 watts 2. Determine the Total Current load 800 watts = 3.48 amperes 230 volts 3. Determine the Size of Conductor wire for Circuit -1. Refer to Table 2-5 or Table 4-2. Use 2 pieces 2.0 mm” or No.14 TW copper wire having an ampacity of 15 amperes that is much larger than the 3.48 amperes com- puted maximum load. 4. Determine the Size of the Conduit Pipe. Refer to Table 2-9. The smallest diameter of a conduit pipe that could accommodate up to 3 pieces of No. 14 TW conductor wire is 13 mm diameter. Therefore, specify 13 mm di- ameter conduit pipe. 5. Determine the Size or Rating of the fuse protective device. Refer to Table 4-1. Use 15 amperes fuse. 103ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE The National Electrical Code provides that: connected load shall not exceed 80% of “Ampacity of the city of the conductor and the fuse.” the amperage capa In Table 2-5 and 4-2, the maximum ampacity load of a 2.0 mm? or No.14 AWG copper wire is 15 amperes. 80% of 15 amperes is 12, the maximum allowable load of the circuit suf- ficient enough to carry the 3.48 amperes computed load for a maximum 100 watts per light outlet Therefore, the use of 2.0 mm? or No. 14 TW wire is safe. FIGURE 4-16 CONVENIENCE OUTLET LAYOUT 104ze ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IN BUILDING B. Circuit —2 For Small Appliance Load SOLUTION The National Electrical Code provides that: “For each single receptacle shall b i than 180 watts rating.” eee tee It simply mean that, each convenience outlet, is consid- ered to have a maximum load of not less than 180 watts per plug or gang. Thus: ie From Figure 4-15, there are 6 convenience receptacles for small appliance load. Considering that there are two plug per outlet, the total number of plug will be: 6 outlets x 2 plug = 12 pieces Solve for the Total Estimated Load. 12 x 180 watts per outlet = 2,160 watts Determine the Maximum Expected Current Load. 2.160 watts = 9.39 amperes 230 watts Determine the Size of the Conductor Wire. Refer to Table 4-2. For 9.39 amperes, use 2 pieces 3.5 mm’ or No.12 TW copper wire for Circuit No 2. Determine the Size of the Conduit Pipe for the 2-No 12 TW wire, refer to Table 2-9.Use 13 mm condut pipe. Determine the Over Current fuse Protection. Refer to Table 4-1. Under the column of fuse & breaker rating, the 20 amperes fuse can safely carry a maximum load of 16 amperes the 80% of 20 amperes load permitted by the National Electrical Code on No. 12 circuit wire. 105Comment: ae RC rRIGAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE On convenience outlet receptacle, the National Electrical Code provides that, “Each single receptacle shall be considered at no less than 180 watts rating. Examining the values given on Table 4-2, the 2.0 mm? or No.14 AWG, TW copper wire has an allowable am- pacity rating of 15 amperes Granting, that only 80% of this 15 amperes is considered the derated value, still 12 amperes is very much larger than the 9.36 amperes com- puted as maximum load for athe 6 convenience outlet. Why specify a bigger 3.5 mm” or No. 12 AWG condue- tor wire? Although the 2.0 mm’ or No. 14 AWG wire conductor could safety carry the 9.36 amperes computed load, con- sidering its 15 amperes ampacity rating, yet, we cannot do so because the Code specifically mandated the use of a 3.5 mm’ or No. 12 AWG copper wire as the minimum size for all types of convenience outlet wiring except, for an appliance with limited load wherein a 2.0 mm’ or No.14 AWG wire is permitted C. Circuit - 3 for Other Loads SOLUTION “m 2: 2. Examining Figure 4-15, other loads are: 1- unit electric stove at 1.1 kw = 1,100 watts 1- unit water heater at 2.5 kw = 2,500 watts Total load. .3,600 watts Compute for the current load. Divide: 3,600 watts = 15.65 230 volts ees Determine the size of th fiieningis cca. of the service conductor wire. ouve Dae es ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IN BULLDING 4. For the 15.65 amperes load, use 2 pieces 3.5 mm* 12 AWG. TW copper wire. i ae Determine the Size of the Conduit Pipe (if required) Refer to Table 2-9. Two pieces No. IP AWG ae can be accommodated comfortably in a 13 mm diameter conduit pipe. Specify 13 mm diameter conduit pipe. Determine the Size or Rating of the Over-current Pro- tection. Refer to Table 4-1. For the 15.65 amperes load use 20 amperes fuse rating. Comment The fuse rating is 20 amperes. Granting that it will be der- ated at 80% x 20, the 16 amperes derated value is still higher than the computed load of 15.65 amperes. Therefore, the 20 amperes fuse over current protection is accepted. Finding the Size of Service Entrance The size of service entrance being the supply conductor and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity sup- ply to the wiring system of the building, is also computed based on the total load supplied by the branch circuit. Continu- ing the solution of illustration 4-1, we have the following: 1. Solve for the Total load of Circuit I to Circuit 3. Total current load = Total connected load Voltage rating Total load = 800 w+ 2.160 w+ 3.600 w 230 volt = 28.52 amperes 2. Apply 80% demand factor as permitted by the National Electrical Code.wy he no ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE 28.52 x .80 = 22.8 amperes 3. Find the Size of the Service Wire. Refer 22.8 amperes to Table 2-5. Use 2 - 8.0 mm? or No. 8 TW copper wire. 4. Determine the Size of Conduit Pipe for the service wire, Refer to Table 2-9, for No. 8 TW copper wire, use 20 mm diameter conduit pipe. Service Meter Main Feeder 2-8 mm2 Service Entrance Safety Switch To Light Outlet To C.0. Spare Kit. C.0. FIGURE 4-15 ONE LINE DIAGRAM Comment 1. A demand factor of 80% was applied considering that not all receptacles and outlets are being used simulta- neously (sce Table 4-6). These type of loads are classified as non-continuous toad. From Table 4-2, the 5.5 mm? or No.10 AWG cop- per wire conductor has 30 amperes ampacity which is ugger than 22.8 amperes as computed. However, we do NOt specify the use of No.10 AWG wire because the Code limits the use of 8.0 mm? WG, conduc for as minimum size Sor arctan eeELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IN BUILDING 3. The National Electrical Code on Service Entrance pro- vides that “Service entrance shall have sufficient ampacity to carry the building load. They shall have adequate me- chanical strength and shall not be smaller than 8.0 mum? or 3.2 mm diameter except for installation to sup- ply limited load of a single branch circuit such as small poly-phase power, controlled water heaters and the like and they shall not be smaller than 3.5 mm or 2.0 mm diameter copper or equivalent.” The Main Disconnecting Means or Safety Switch Find the total computed load. Circuit — 1 Circuit — 2. Circuit — 3. Total. 3.48 amperes 9.39 amperes FIGURE 4-17 SCHEMATIC RISER DIAGRAM 1092. Use 2 pieces 30 amperes fuse parallcl_connection 60 amperes 2 pole single throw (PST) 250 volts safety switch. 3. Provide 2-double branch circuit cut out with two 15 and 2 - 20 amperes fuse respectively. Multi-ground System and Line to Line Service The protection of branch circuit is tapped to the hot line or live wire. The grounded line being neutral zero voltage, is not protected with fuse. This is one advantage of the Multi-ground Systern being adopted by the electric cooperative implemented by the Rural Electrification program of the government. The branch circuit and cutout could be doubled because the cn- gaged voltage in the line is only 230 volts while the other is zero voltage being grounded (see figure 4-17). Other electric service system on the other hand, are classi- fied as Line to Line Service wherein the engaged voltage is 115/230 volts which requires fuse protection for both lines. Schedule of Load Type of Service 230 volt, 2- wires 60 Hz. Lead No. of Cit. Ampere No.of Protection wire Conduit No. Outlets Volts Watts perckt. Pole inamp size in mm 1 lightload 8 230 800 348 2P 15 1-20mm? 13mm 2 Smallapp. 6 230 2160 939 2P 20 2-3.5mm* 13mm 3 Otherload 2 230 3600 1565 2P 20 235mm? 13mm 4 Spare - 20 2P 1, = 28,52 amp. x 80% Demand factor = 22.8 amp. a Use 2, 8.0mm? TW Cu. RSC Rew Sens Wire @ 20mm conduit pipe IMT - intermediate Metal Tube PycCP - Pye Conduit pipeSafety Switch, 30 amp. 2 DPST, 250 volts Fuse cutout, two branches 30 amperes fuse 2 pes. 20 amperes fuse 2 pes. 15 amperes fuse 2 pes. 8.0 mm? TW copper wire 50 mts. 3.5 mm* TW copper wire 1 roll 2.0 mm? TW copper wire % roll 13 mm diameter Pve conduit pipe 18 pes. 20 mm diameter conduit pipe Pvc. 5 pes. One gang switch with plate 4 pes. Two gang switch plate 2 pes. Two gang convenience outlet (small appliance) 6 pes. Cooking unit outlet 2 pes. Junction box with screw 7 pes Receptacle with screw 8 pes. Utility box 14 pes. Incandescent lamp 4 pes Fluorescent lamp 4 pes. Meter base (to be provided by the owner) 1 pe. Electrical tape (big) 2 pes. Note: The quantity of materials is subject to change de- pending upon the area and the choice of the designing engi- neers. For open wiring installation, conduit pipe can be change to split knobs or PDX wires. ‘ 5ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE ILLUSTRATION 4-2 SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING Type of Service —115/ 230 volts Single Phase — 3 wire 60 Hz. Line to Line Service There are 19 light outlets divided into two circuits Circuit 1, = 10 outlets Circuit 2; = 9 outlets FIGURE 4-18 LIGHTING LaYouT v2