The Fiction of aKnowable Community Ferzmeersrn ston tein nate oe So Rain re fibro. NO ty al apo mares ey ae stearate” wh Excused wenn stated atur-no wake dat of tt ‘Swett ope fa are Somme 109.4 ‘sag ma ho te po sata coy Feta tng nana fon ght en dete nt aan of ame of sont important. dobar tne Pillay Ml hereon ced the “Pst OS cae te, enh id fom i icone pt Noe ioe ‘agg i abou rpmsening this community, by what means rg mplcaont Ths chapter focuses on the comPle ‘ite nate italy through ineary procedures, a Se ey ats eat and separate rm Spa #2 te euy arduous tsk of exposing the CO% oe aaa we sat Se aoe A cammany by 8 delpment celina the nee sede ire cmuticemnty ‘community a epars y proviing «pot hs a he popes ot the nua condi) and saa by alumbaon te nea ‘Soa! condone ofthe non st tem Rinks ienay per at ‘snug p te Philippine aon sao ont fe ns nan and ines erpt by pinto seer dk tough ech lk of modemiy” tht scoala naonalatdoeoue and pice “Te problem of modems oneted wh he quan fos ins Historia! conten seen a Increase sc hice, and“ {eration (Bemsdoworth 196, 4). Prippine literature aes o Ral fort to invent tha “pa” in wo rapes nataes thse of verona a the {re one of kay subject. Secnd, Paine erate wl ti ‘ame of aseming the Fine trough the concept of he dng to [Rls Nol, for example, calls lel « "Novel eis” or Tagg noe, ‘andi etal weepton a6 a Flin terry works deeply ered by rosupostons regarding the peed sats fs aut hela ‘cio Jot Rial The emphasis onthe sng af he ex, the oly tte sion and its paren fens an he cot of i tot hae gpetycontbated olgitening Rial publ uocy «we: ‘This publcleptzoadon highlights the intinate and eee 2d {hip Between the shor ant Be wos tery vesting Be eur with ‘he public auhorty to idence, tog exon he inepretaon fot le work Standard trey eclim ofthe Olt das on he ape” ‘slonship benreen Rizal and bis novel and ues Rial eee nd other ‘kgs to explain how Ral aad his now Hla dedaratons ence Ing how his aves were o be iaterpeed (at oan acute depletion ‘Tagalog sci viewed asa misocosm of illpne sacle thee "Rizal anchors his terry invention of te “pao” sana comme. ny in le marative project of forging & concept of moder naenoed ‘at ofthe vcesudes of clonal ue Fer Real, the problem of repre, Seoration involves not only fletinal representation, i the senso of ‘peaking about the natin, but seo plielrepesetn, othe ens of speaking in the name ofthe aation. The projet of using mastve language to make sense of Phlippoe clonal scety ext dhe inv: ‘bl but evel cic, atlas tha wg nl ee ‘ting fom a postion. The very at of cnsmacting «SE tty "nowablethercoc, eeve Justa mater of rst magnon bt an ethical and poll dacs ope of the Foal, ow Fipioa” The eho pois decison tat cas Peak ‘Scanned by CamScannera Sot yn nd a rte aoa HONE speaks Can always tnd only rat te one Tenge of iiagining 2 com esi, ping ail ae ee but rt ils ete pbtcnton of Note gee a August 1867. Sve monte pitippines. He had epent the last sacs gat mance ae po ey oe eae ‘the novel's writing, "Half of the Nol,” eal a rarer of iin Pars, and smi stanton © Sener ye ae ee sat tt ne Sc et el ici a ee oie So ce ay ome en cha Ne nn cr tare i i ne at Pg epee aioe ep Serie le cee ee Soe eas tematic ater rem e Sect eer Sr eT act ‘bis novel (Schumacher 1973, #2-83), Since only a small number of copie* Seen semen SS ante See Seng mr sel he {commits ta bite «report condemning the novel for bl ects, impos and sandaous in the relplou C any andalous in the religious domain, @4 ‘hom Ra hin Te Comin Permanente Submited «repo tht scomened std been a cn obs Ati Rone ad ria Mino Ponc hb Hs was iten forte pion an i ees ter do ed 4 the Blips” G90, 2 29 he fc tet emg es Spsish woul seem to unin als dadaret plone fs i epton beans few “ipo Ras tne ees -sndesoed fn ied Spanish Rizal aed conta try a singly Be Cause ofthe spite esusion and arguments gneed byte Nl Set bene fein nen secpers ingot mane that collected around his name os or rumors, Indeed, played a vole im dureminatng Real+—tnd the Nol proper name among tose who had no acest ihe Rl ‘rhs book, Almost mediately upon his aa in he Palppies, Rat ‘Was caught Int switof rumors about Nimself andthe Nl In a ete {ert Ferdinand Blumen, Rizal enumerates the vais storie tat reached his ats: “They take me for» Geman spy, ag of Bsc, Protrtant, eemason, wear, a hall damed soul te” (© September 23007, 295, x5, pe. 1, 22 an 216 Retna 1907.44. tn rept he Importance of the Nol resides not 0 much ne impact ha eho fa who hate understood ia inthe eet Bad on take wh cul ‘ot and i not rade fantay abot the nacion thet ges i the Net eo .entin {airasy about Rizal inset has gue In the reading of his nore. ‘The question atthe heart of bath the internal drama of hs novel nd de Conse sbsequety an onthe importation, beyond, is question not ony of what a Pilipino nation i or should be, but also of how thie main ston of sb sing the nation i principally pore ss question of appropriating modern ideas and pactee Wein waving a Trego" (hom he viewpoint officals subsequent pina ees) and “eer” dows Ras eewpoind) provenance, ‘Modernity, ten, must be understood not only a specie enjane- ture of world historia fore, dating back tothe seventeenth cnt, ‘which were instrumental a shaping Phsiplne story tuoups the fet ‘of Buropean colonials. One might lo understand is frm k= ‘about that peti of hia. This inking concems ise withthe ow an wherefore of ura feedom ina Increasingly seals teh Scanned by CamScannerng bang Rah ei of Sera rar at ete © pe in both teraporal aad spats! terms. This hw a aot pra seent of stop Yet thls ew of rump ofthe molarity of he nar aan arma, i the Wes of te leblty and sdaptabilty cae fat om ter plat of gn, Aé dominant artaet ‘emodern age with pect socio with "he West” che nove Ed‘ nutn pve te form and content—oth the technica ‘Seam and sabince—ef Ras atempe to determin the “Fipino Cavencunding of community nreadon wo esting “colonia” “interna {nals "ei procees tin the space of thinking through 1 Plippine meri tat Rel Tested the poles! possbies of elosood. owt ay be ead a temps at deebing histo cm {Gn wh the tm al ales ahiewed nome tat ther plas athe pices mode of acl ergeizaton ane poli Ina eting upon the pony or impossibly of lle bdo ei echt nd neato ener al ‘oa de wih the problem of ormiting a anion of Pip? ‘ites tues thesurttect pags, event nd DE, Satan up not ely ais he astintions, splinary powet cts of al gine ah Hallie ate ag ‘deta cata i of rata reo Pein sn waht by the exstence oF. Bape clonal power he er tse lines « Century Hee 1442) eon ements as we? ld eum bn 027 uate exon the Risen taro conmnnty oe 53 ‘he uous, olen conte, hi se el io ie oe colonial Mo expences it ge he et ener, eee ae ie ne = cg wrung net rnp Bir fh hd ante pepe hl me ‘anger naratve double ance rgatering the een of en “acer of competing cogaitvesandptns that derive rm he elon exper ce asa ibaa nh lpg en ‘tose of unladen ngs od pope ow di Rn del wth ht “pb of end nd feo ad tow di he and is oval nse wp pcan Se oo ‘nay that fers fom, an pesnlycaleges mos ft sabe, seat ea pppoe of Ra ats ea be sur Ras coneportes td smunory il Wop shes hve stingy sa roscaptons Aig spate byes ‘epics two word wary and thee enclose Tals contemporaries dtl withthe eal reepen of Real oy suborguent generation of Fino ini ey ae conceit the ea of the modern” ar wala tna: ae ene dey pio capac for mate gh anda of ‘mode, with ls notoos of ea tnfoaton td emancipatory ‘Spates crops up vi mento py in sno est Of Rats nore Noto lof dpe sh epee ‘Roden Genaianc man Nery ft nang «ips ‘nly oni cone «chats adr aie. ak of ea len to apnk of he modem. specular eteton of Ril wih modern neds w be a dese. Aer ll Ral subi Cae frnaon he. He ‘nd epect neat nine yes tavelag eros and bot th el erection wee tens pbs a Eup Ce ater ‘in Ghent in 1091). It seems strange that someone who lived most of his _Adultlife elsewhere and wrote beoks that very few people in his time could "ad woul en up ting the tal hs eu. This mystery is unvally glossed over by te argument ht Ras fe ‘tuentabcne dot hang mi at ei nt Pains ‘Scanned by CamScannetae pecan nd sateors the ands sn thse ne pls tance nena te cl srs hae al was ATER PON an een te een ae everge ofe Fzne pens ee un fens 292; Comte wa (Cons 57) ete anther than sina the que. rn ganna oor sae te "Racer a wn squat ae merge ate ant aE ona msn ering across several sections of Sime er at the ce a ne nated for efor in Misi ad Europe Rel i of ‘the Noli created (1961d, v, Sc pet cat ea a cee ee He ten eed at eccereee e Ea eee aes eames So cane ee Reber gemr a eco ee ee soir cermin ein een ne ieee cen angen eens Poe eter eer soem ene nee ates pct eae na eer ae eee ree eccentric ‘bad two thousand copies of the Noli printed, but, as mentioned aborts recto ee are a Seales aati serene Saree mit ee a Satie ees Seyi cana Mr pemos ies onan os, Garner ackowedgrs tate ott Sayer tthe Ne tht ita cane See cme Coa doe nat provide any OHS, i merymubsming under “ Sines nea ming ner een ‘ose aglst which ewe {nen we wll edo sec th sort fom need eRe deuce Bhimetia stn ot cason geet fhe ol song the nang publi, aot form ef esa Pecedes the ac of eadlg wou nd teste one Foseripon by the eslanl state and epeiy Oy te {he book controversial. and pesiag eleciely impeded he keg ‘serine escaped sd enoind pe ee ae ‘opi in Mls neha no sxe fhe mnt ed ns Siti scessconhan, at by aey Te te and re $a tt counted on the ee tat cnt eal veo po, 4 repo of tenn, fo tate an cal eon oe "ra is esnips postion oa pci on sf renin that sieepped posapon but pele. arene ‘eng of hovel nen pee cn eM ok fon of rane, “he mow nmeing pet of ese amc of mn at hy se ropes in supponedyeputeble separ Te at a ese ‘mots were let be tet eros badge sans ‘nay, apes ave pty ted he ie eae ‘a le ccunsuaclas Hes pias, rctdent de Akan ‘abe fore Hn, an teu de sous om pando 6 1 pueblo, y ete quae snes enter doles con pert Insetneln eae rablenamente pastas Toe eles, & las tries yen para regs & cece ypc de lee que debits ingeir lespecine Ral ipl ent sus palanoe odio a eli ets ys mae adept ba Scanned by CamScannerso Ney a endo ene fen con xg ct ‘ nn gre ta igs Io a ns ny ce eos a8 18 rein oii porcon de cms or el, ed i Cn ae a AB ada es domes ‘ ee yon mon come nt 1 panne sone eri eon —- oe gatcr 4 chon des fn Candas ate. ode ns anf de Rl de ss dels aria gute dspensan fos sbias @) de Baropa; Sree ey gar ac eaters rest iat 08 a propiedad de la hacienda de Calambs; ae arn nga xn me apn od Se ee ween pert Cag at naniey ain pow ccna, ca tii lw nou pre aceite ei ts un coe ee ‘ros ed Rtn, Ton earn te Caliber nthe Pap es Grand edt id te mt elec of is Feu dane ne rope pope wih ils nite eu hat a opposed to he Spas, tthe ie, pre oe eg, to te ering wn {on ose ae ys ope such pechng al tas ied had nou etyne tma he Cu l- {ins cv ors ae tenon a pace of igo fice wi at wh he aches swell ‘eget nad ea othe er peng th ‘ad saying of thes that they are expleiters of the indlo of Calamba, oti of Gti ang ing nt ny an cones tt Dec but oa hatred, oot to menton ow Be ott Seni ces fate ty doos this Germanophule bear, with his theo- ‘Sencha prodeced « great deal of revlsion among his esate eno uke tat of Rts f ! ‘bat nace, of Bo he wa Germany But the uespeied ft ft ie teen sl ep over and iundae oe aro the oy and bere ‘em ofthe Spi ch and eaesane eres ean even ‘hte rumor te empapry fe done mete ete {hem jt by the mee fat they wee ped ast Potheco Him “sentient” Geral, bers wipro posed postion te Spaish tert bce ef eto ese itis ape pon etna coments psn ig ecg {he cispate with Germany oer oe Casa Oat ine Se oe ‘idente decd tone he svelte ws anh ws roe ‘ay mare pronounce in he plas tan ene eset “he vehemence wth hh Redcat sae hms gue nt bythe ty nee -rerced Ra a e ingoBunent Rl Gs x ho sng sing a 0, ‘med rumors at hed ptt he Geman a ea ad ‘chimed Geman soe ove te Plpns G35 Pmt ‘2d 216 Retna Igo, Ler Garo le, 70) Wha old nos fc he ere ww al snc aloe on foe tin) Som among te int Gunter ope ves dng of eo ‘nny peopl ent enn Rl nse 2 {© expan wy the peasant sh foo la ons one e Suing dav wk se io moo ‘ph bet tat he ws ely eng prt of mosses Tamera; te single ter wenn a ea gate und Hm, Scanned by CamScanneres - ro msgs st ca Se eo eye vo Ms which ns the masses’ arse enn a oe ae Titec a eco Co tts confer 08 zal the tBm® prophet, Schade et red by bg martyzéom) with which he oe ty ying om yt a a lpg Fo ose cece Cn ee nore (Seta int Clann in 167 Hers Quin vtslon (1940, 135) ‘ea exe bom te “Doctor Unan” a Tagg compton be enor Goma. Among the peasant zal assimed Iepnity pgs ad we of his aelous cures were whi pda Ona ond ui te Mera bame undecided ‘tebe orae cone iH im ands Kimo come up. “tnt ese he Do and Ue peg ‘alee ate ws noon uma although that was the name yea Bi. “Sumario xiao the sured a, ring i So te et otk you vey sc rds beter” s Cos vein, Ril # meitly pointed out as “Doctor Uline" ‘he ma, who cases om ansther ton, exclaims “in very 088 SERED tat an wes any ln og” 186, 130, The anced ‘tema shat cern had of clon! mentally—the mam hexts te arnault ie need by a “German dete” wo tars out ed nite ntl Bat Fone suspends th judgment and ‘Wane enone OF I a he aan had expected a “Dac tory bm th noe he men tame ‘an indio appeat {ation of and ‘sty about whet = = femndne Secon oe of ewoaty and econ Th 4 Geena dor woul ia con no Inger hate ota Meal ia at ey unimaginable In Ran ha ae toons oe moda wa tee ee Servier sie seen nem ante vn aay tesa ae ri ee a fo sili a momen of mene ae enn ge sivas teins tte re sae already encapsulates a set of assumptiog rete ; 2 hows of Rls rcepun byt aarti did woke “misunderstanding” of Rizal, a ee 1 he ance need ue wos sem ha mos pose wet tet Ra Roping 0 en white man end wee spd hee {ar tured ott, mace ean ie The epee, owe doe oat xin wy pe nd in weal aa ‘wound, snd eel “Docs Ue sey But perhaps his nent eae mate cel he expections ef Rzals biogaphan, or we nnd tnt wy he Boprones ee {beet ae hora af Rls eputon in he Papper: Rach be ‘uaphers have repeatedly teat on ik etaetpesi its oe Iacdae "Dor Uintah 8 Hials “toiga’apperance dng hr eto, Caen wen “How strange ve must have looked, n his black uropean suit and bisck ety facing the cit lips fhe ngs th pe ‘pag unformed sw has wae so st soe Scanned by CamScanner— oer tn ena unten te one en end de alo, nS Cte Aged Ae, ag mene shor and sed Blak se at chat ime in Europe, Hs ee ane ne” cleo, aha a a momen Seren ee sae cedote, because thay all Gell on the moment of rec- Sean og erctcomhaimie reo ween Se er cio eornoet emer eeee Poe tareh erator rir) Seetctme e pee eae rete rmere e et n e Sitteteoeencemnr stan, Soiree se ecirapeer st aes Seca eames et eae ee esse ee es Sacer eee annette nes far eon a Seca ace ot mle as eee rains uae ean ar ‘ct tat th people bared zal was, indeed, a “Doctor Ulimal? TESTE EE Bovates thee ny dou tat Doctor Ula? {ate acy ig), a ne Sd lec i "ast 7), oat an le The eon ona “The Nowe and Nation a Modern etc er tom beng on ideo, teense procupden wth the {og conde inthe Doc nm wa gat ee te gion whats mar de 4 modem non the man sis tome of te oe nba {HY sues ox Ral ipo nips insets ae ne ‘eaten ot Ral wi be modenty ef sotoe 1s hs poner nd comprehen mayo be elf, Red. Moje snes the Hl me fang ne ces eet ‘ators Ot esieged ota specie Handed evsopmens i the Haptic Print culture and thers of a Nepaniaed clase whose scant wes ae, ‘ited in Europe. Crucial tothe novels development war the hating ywalicaton of empiical and mimetic tendenies alee af work ik ‘lial rose natives before the nineteenth century Moje som, ‘zroed with lorating Rzals novel in a native prot tain sey ‘coding towards synthesis of emptical and coal stances in vaing (oars 1969, 150 atthe same ng, he eae that Ray nove rp Se & "éramat and qualitative leap Is the development ofthe tare ‘Thus, Mores sees Riss novels aa “cuiminaton’ of deepments local tera leeding up co 168735 wel afl demons of he ‘ovel form as it was being used eanoncaly in Buope, He wie“ eed, with Rizal works the fly developed novel it toy in ope ‘ames upon te Ioal scene 187). Te tngunge of Morr anton ls stonely reminiscent of that wed by Guemet and Cons 18 desebe Rats arial in Mana afr fe yea abeence, Mojaes nigh stats that the Pino novel emege at tie when {Be.novel form iat was akeady fal developed in other count? He Rote thet the spect of the Nols venta stary—“weton and pb colony can be imagined at ner‘pe crn ofthe CON. The Tanga ple ear ion purl sae ‘of colonialism under SEs he (ete. eer eh cen, anid 1m the ig nol st 25). E he mod important fel eran "wir anmatig Flipino con- are no Filipino writer can el fom os nr i Sa ce ne = aed ce on ere ein ‘Shite toy aint procures Teiice n the Bats nv a Flinn Moe splits the novels into form ‘Siem he it he Pe ‘Soe yw teres ip sey ot maby net ee ‘he Ghee nts sae sa, bu teenie mv Mj, ccs wes Ral oad {Src ef mt gl oe tenn el ‘the agpleations of native “Plipinos” in nationalist terms. He thus consid: ‘ers the Nett of nationalism for Filipinos,” a catalyst of roar, al pied ‘Sou ees of pn se ty, ‘eon wan ie ng spon at erie we pe ow ent woe aed fd mae ton by Ral? sexy it ve he det in pn ae and ea # te Schomchr as een, be ee pre-enenty as Rl proclaims i inthe ube. ‘Noel aga’ en ibe writen in Spelt, In ewe Bod Ppino I als oan tg atten unmistakably by Flpier and dreted to Fllpnoe avs oak {adn Ma, Guerero aso hat alow epnion af sternal alg {nay an "sted aveloge” 496,14), He ote the sce the rather melodramatic plat of the Nol snd Nina bu sa pal pln ot hatte poliseat masage of the Notas wel a br nea escripcons of the “reales of the county” though vid characte fetes is what dangushes the Seo novel. Fri the pot were tht ‘ai bats of evalation. according to Guerem, then the Nol would tank wih ‘Nin or worse wth ‘Maa Nn! and ether sander oo the ‘nysterie’ of convents” (130-3, For Schumach, Guewer an Mojtes the Rois sy to depit—if not actualy police the depen ef lpi life made it Influential. Thus the pulestion of the Nel Deralde as 2 watershed event ln Philpine tory in tt not only Aatrates bot, more important; sgaies the emergence of onaiat contciournee. ‘Now Ai the (pole conten tha separates Rade Nai rom, lexmlogues and “landers” how are we 1 thnk abot the noel font alike Mojaes, both Schumacher and Guerre leave out tny conser ation of the possble mutations the Buopean tet novel form cn ‘undergo inthe ardeulation of “png” content. fcaning. nse, ely ‘on the way the European novel osm determines Rls petal of the country “reales” In doing so, they actully establish a eleharony between form and content, Nationalism forall purposes, & question of ‘sence a conten that ils basal “Torelan fom. The vai scl ‘ed ichotomy that Guerrero and Sehamacber ert In dacs the ‘eansplanttion of western forms like the moder nove, nation, and ‘oll! sate tothe colony rescves ough simple evasion the isue of at happens during the process of ansatin o adaptation, pers ‘on a hidden assumption tat opposes a “athe” contest to frelon “Torn” in a commansensical «prior! way witout posing the question of ‘hove these terms ate to ench oer and what elect the Interectian etnea the terme would ave on the tee chenses ‘Scanned by CamScannernaa ttt me a Sane nr ee Sah oe ern GB Spa Epa ent ba et ee arate — ‘and Falipinaness om is 0 it Sea ot cel ore sc Sea ere yy rn ae rane ory a we of nation and the role in pas ‘sston er Ie geno 2 enw wep Ge Wastes "Fie cone Bot wht te the enh am tn cn aeer ‘Pts maces noe ply caon elie a apa el ry spy wees Informe "Sip cent Or how soir wa of eiing 8 mere ‘Sar cue "pt weer novel he alo ‘fur ump srr he sore qusons tr, bak {Se nteip Hen barn sed ory et and Reon, to Uhr Mach 67 ro Best, Ril ele he Nol "he ‘tip nl ok st he Tg 8 ‘indie icy tte an es” (ol pi einer ate I ied ws lpr eno ne toe twee aa 38 «5 ea, ne age fa ‘pln Hl ms ol ht hagas o Sept ten en He pet on wo ella the ne ‘ehind the wong: “er, t answer all the fuse conceptions that they ‘esr ea hae wen agin and al he sat th yt ed ole gcc te ‘Ep su en et cnt nosey dr na wd spa "ieee SEL tom ter he pt fy tae ssi hb ul PE A example with which to seo ns ant a on hae "pe, a8 «yong damn resent my fatherland to proud ‘Sia Gr eas MER er he har completed epsrase en kta den dainienoe ban nner de \ camce an malign qoec menor contre le ts yee, (8 agdinos doles, Pus ten cuir vcs en mee be ‘Slsacones moderns he que eos pe compan de {us recuerdos, ya pars compute on trp, tne e ‘Present qed imagen cn un cance scl pesca, Ratatat gue sun y hac eer tin cotigo lo qe con ss ent os stig: poly eo las pada empl, pre qu eda pean uve emcee 3a Disa ls propane un remedio 14 este fn, tat de reproduc Belnente tet conte Poet lance del geist ‘esa todas el mismo anor prop pesca ona ales ‘ambien de us defo y tues 1 he anne of human atest dei teed cacao bed 0 onaigoane tat telat contact exaceae st Inte ‘arpet of pins. And thas o many dine met made ees hae waned to ave you, sometime for memarr 90 o Kep ‘Re company, other tines, ocapare ou vith ober mos—mny tines your belo image appear me aed sal ane of stnlar malgnangy, Destng your wlleng wich our wn as sug fr the Beat ‘inl do with yout arent oh wih lai Scanned by CamScanner> cu es fat each one who Wout se : Stopes cenomrcnnn tert ores tempt to faithfully eptoduce your condition At ise ater ar ofthe sous that conceals your ‘deat et ad everything. even my own sel-espect, for Scenes ne creme vtares worth noting here. One, Rizal establishes, esc tee mn amar ase ered by cea ews that, In the cate of phe- _ - asically knowable. He. = sah th human ody and oe, re stay Moor oe pee ‘condition of the country to # disease ‘a eee she the country’s problems is by diagnosing Se ocares fer Fesumne ss ve Sop at hers men ce tne aes ein See aie es one cei ee ree re crna Seater cata Ei Sites siacc acre ast aetna en oe tae Sie aoe sooo Srnec seer ers oe ‘Mare telingly, however, Rizal proposes to use a set of literary proct- expen amc aa Source sent nen a a emia caiman te seni inde eI dot en aroha apa ‘ery iba what cannot be quesone Shanna 08 nh epee a ne hy ea wrote eating and a1 2 Soporte odes of the tt ony denounce suse an wn Been ached, wet doe the sara eure the neste ea {Oat was more "toed end pe anton a ce provide pen of eens oer ior 4 lifelong fascination with et “peiyeinpane = show to wrte a nol her ae Bere an stingy prope te ia an etiogsaphico propay Rol sehe me Seot deplet contemparary afc feat that, had it bate aay Ye perhaps th answer ol ako very wel have been tat beh he ‘lente and preolonal mates hardly int say histone oc, thasks eo the missonarierelfous zat he fav arson Soe ‘Ee te, the account ofits conquest and ashing 982, eyuldo teto has argued that tad ike Ril pete 0 ‘sineteenth-centuryEuropetn conception of" tory tht purpared {We scrount for difterences beeen rackets by realog and subse ‘een andes the sgn of «uate etn of anes, «core wo ew According co Tet, wa “he lak of «conus, unnteraped [story of Fiipino consciousness [hat iy behind the fusade rota for lot ergs" (Hah 280-25). Tis nova fr le args iy theres {re inherently contaminated bythe senee of & “Pl of pee Hispanic ate clture, fll hat was bled not ony on Spas clei! rl, ‘ut on the natives wi, n th gnome, “hastened to aban what "Wat thee to take up wat was ee Scanned by CamScannertee ee meme 1 Blt BE ino, ed ne ey oy ean dont he Mery i a poe te He SS te a oe ly ‘rip eh tte fala Ine er cero ns a ET svg tht te novel ws pen On ie Eat petap Real pteonsl an. enn aed rn pal hat the Rnd nt toe 2 Pspies seh i ad ped nace show ring te TS meni pn Gates reat thy Wee ns remind peril ene, deel coe cep ne ctrl Held. The only space ae a ea al of et. was in heel Sa pn colt cm papas lath notative a Seat at Sm oni he pny ane and ene re temss Sp oan Gear shaw anon Inmet Tid Wont cote, Papa : ct fits cord piel ae “aStoatan i be momet epitome doa ay bce arate ended wp ating 00 wok ey sR tothe ogc rare al feed {eke te tal yee not nce Hee om he hace eRe mae oping to ets he Ser ees et non tant Sif tho andes ‘roam daar hese al dom as ew thet Che Mest © ‘tye her nl be peel he wie Sm ess ot wat ase to the eonseing iranian bet, elicaon and psn ‘Doe our Ec ‘egy by he peat Yor opnon htt chrees of «0° ei grim cf tr 1 180. i it ein h sesningy contact move Real ae elas acy en ena fh ove pit {eRe te of acting ithe pont ere ate eae irre Ny pcos Fr Ria, ers Rasta tree een al em Fe i 4 pote of tne come TS ‘atom vas east dep the Ene CO” ship one sep farther and nhs the nth genesng to fs acive intervention ia shaping the “enor Yson of the rel station te spac of is werk What were leas ‘iy fatheand, vi ages of what was fing on, and enough sho diagnose the daar, so rc 40 et ne nly was ¥ able ro portay what took ples bt ls xc yet ae ‘ome, Inasmuch as at this very moment Lee the Hany aro ‘ufolang tf wih 0 much acsuracy Lean realy aay lm nee, sd a he sume tr taling pst inthe performance of wy on wo ‘Gonoan 1954, 139, For Ral the baie problem of knowing «comma tok he oma st fining a postion fom which communi can be ns eee, ‘his postion had to be convincing experienced by his fede for he ‘nowable community be laown euch, But knoe to whos Ad by ‘hom The wal answer would be: hy the Pps, ‘ee the term Blpino all poses the ealngs of ifeenaion and {ntegation, Wha, indee, counted ws Flpio? Ral selecve appeople: on of the hithecto cesta term Pps to encompass isla, ‘metins, even the infidel sane, ary based on Use noon of eee ve tes fo tentorally bounded indeed detected ent, Las fles Flips seo obvious, however, tat Rial wat wing to address ‘on-Flpinos Anowerng the Spaniard clumnes and nls would awe demanded addressing the Spaniards themssie,answeing presenta: ‘on with epresentation” The opening chapter ofthe Nl actly comes fight out and names ls oun pune reer: Since no porters servant ak forthe nation ct ew oop O,you who mad oe, end or foro quere es amid eam Ifyou ate atcted the sound ofthe rhe HA, ‘ory the unmisaable Ung fs and serv, eb wh 1 ‘ow partes ae inthe Peel of he Orient wo nd mote ‘Pleasure to pate you the dept fhe ota, th ut ‘= ImporantCndereoring ade, made warn) sn orig capt he cae pases aay cs ‘of guld, an inser wh lend i ender rene Seeder or outsider hough the Pippine natural and soci tel. The ‘stance the narrative yoice takes may be carcteried ae nd of outa = mes es ‘ut and outeldeJOokng In, This th isi OOH OM elder, 4010 speaks ces on aa gence that Rizal decided te Se ere arate Seen Sec een alo ‘opt oma win for he NOt server postion thu ee cerca creme at seer crs eh ne anal eapecy of th 4° out there soc ape et ame cn rn oe ae nvable community. How i this sot en the ineteeithe ton hn a Co aan soe Orig and Sead of Nvontom (183). The aan i ypnue of tndenn sna of wana, veh oe ‘atonal ofthe roe {em oe wenn nt eatont of many, oF tem ‘tly atone” se clara atte” 199%, #). Andeson elon td Wc me one Ine the ad of aged community that the nation” G5, 2-20 ‘nian copes Nl ih rent at Lar tical romance ‘leg ance Bat Calg) wot nthe at 8308. Balas eye en ingrn ea of Young ofthe romance ites form capable of generating # Sees Se ees ‘sodas macs boven he nov and the romance pont tothe ft. ‘hari ccue an imporat hifi the moder of appeebending olde omc ee ne itn pat wheres the nove ete {he scen eet eng. The mane eased onthe epi, wheres the neo on Ny and jours. Te romance otal ‘eta mote nd ene cat ike Albania] whereas the novel ed {585 seth aor oes, Romances, petape more impor ‘end fat en econo cate «etna pls wereas the nett {2a emt and cis be wing history o rendering eon 191,28 Dav 18,40, ‘Aodeson snakes he “nai, a ‘te greet noe onthe ba oft beng 2 spec in ih on ‘RAEN histovieal forces dy xing - The sean ‘inten te be etree. hema trom ‘olen nega an suv atacatons fst commas tnd empl te capeay af he mation to command fective lraies, net does ll carne ae ‘ton function in eplinng human muta anf moran Pee ‘on signet coming of paths between the aon andthe meen tutional sbi arson “theron permiting peopl 0 speak of naons ‘uch-hey af held to ace «Hd of tanlatbty, 2 \nivecalising, generic for that can be eared on fo ther plan, ‘aby also brings up the possibly of campason. Ae tie dedoninn Page in the Noll made cles, Rl conjtedp his Mohan ne ‘modem caltre” The den of compaion was thet tom the bainang ‘rok his motherand was not ony tesnt to hes hen company or ri cet eee compton ih er om ‘expan the emergence of the ove and the ation by ‘ooking atthe changes—he dvelapenent of ring technology the He ‘ot capitalism and erytalization ofthe bourgeoisie as clay urbane secularization, and reformation— then ewtepingBurope Since ‘eso have been trated in greater deal elsewhere. there is ao need {o sepeat the arguments Instead, 1 would lke te lok into the me: ‘hanes ofthe stn consloutor that we ais as hero (of empirical and selenite atudes and the growh of modern Ieray realism. The relist noe ses fen held tobe inal edt the conceptions ofthe “ut ther” the means of representing ‘nd the question of whether rpresenatin spose the st place (evine 198, 6) For Mila Baki, the modern novel egies the prominence of ‘new Kind of conseoumnes,a “new curl and eeave conedousnest ned by CamScannernm se a va (9 12 ate a esi a ae one languages within & single, cultural ‘existence of two or more lat ‘in writing litera. ae erat component Pesca amos ate na wa [rovplndepgt "Languages throw light on each other aaa annoy of anathe lncuge oa a sn pace evr 2, ca cel ngage. Te “ore a eye pally of compan, tn ‘dba, and language becomes “cational” ough this comparison. That eter stage marc can be epned y a ee a Tope of ope vps ony” te Se eee oar tames enum pat coe mee Caf pgeda pn impor ba re sence apg Attn Lr hse pee na icant west de “eee” of tla eae iStty ees Hs te mat Epen no eee ‘sirb cena efit peters et nr ed Since slay edemeans a fetocees rosea cpm tay pciay tense tt pots na tt rel tien ced Soden epee te SS pres arity pon te sob eee tert ated SA rsa ce at tes a prensa Ta eee ‘Sh crn tome nay ee Sima nnd cl nr vache Neko Sr ots an ew qu Bk ssc poten a paeaten Sy edo ai at idee wea et mae cer cea Be fittectsmemmncremity = 7 forthe determination of rath For for the uansmison of the anctent dee op dri ot tn i oer ‘ere measured and ten ud want" a ae ‘ot bord wth and sa part cons ees ‘yas the Scr shercton tnt tak pseecs oe eae conte nee cps on the being po he wat wad se suey iced ner it ovens he eae oe {icin i nd wnt on oe ‘tous of te vane cet Itong! he ate af eebes ‘eterch and tndstaing rou tesa seo compa. ‘on eatgrian cali ding ed nego Sencha Bj eon Ie Pint pom ono haga thar ws eprops desea ‘oprcente“nge—singaey ona eet ad sent icy brane th tet fey in yf rar depose ery ‘fe proces of popup epedclon the ett ee bose was etm a ato ee cob epee et ‘ac inenshnr an quan hp coatn "ei? east of find. ong bec Sheet sop pct txt coed thet ten Tas he eo ‘tare, and ot human “nar” changed the couse of hail sts. ‘In sum, prin not en condoned te tum in hore tudes, bt ‘he sient ool n general asthe sf wo Bsr isep- ‘ble but dlsinguaable phenomens the amprcedoted alton of ‘mpl perspeces and pacces and the relly roving oportn- tes wo ealtwnte and promote thse trough fandementlcarige i ie ‘Production and management of knvledge Mctzon 1907, 4 “Te elet of print on the marae foun was sana for pit ‘courted to id nred an “bjt” standard of th, wl lk, in the mace a ue” stand of tty of sty Di Itheppen, tow dd boppent And print elhingeapacy wae 80 ‘fl thatthe ac of publeaon isl woud sem ali ven supple the Ntefly ofthe inoumaton i war mean To eon. an teal Scanned by CamScannertars be incest In aKING NEWS and cae rol ea ‘ess tt ng py the ie SRN a Seems = ome rm econ and en oe tne ele he i pe seen tiie bp el, Fea eer recor eee Se a ey eat mt aa Se yao eee crc ae eterno a ons rd eemene er tess eairieteerpeme ep ad mee eS eee a nec cae ree ees eats anne eee ees oe os een oe eee =e eas pete: St ii ginssmeninaing stent Pe op eee ere rey aes ee ee angen ierluencase cere ae mltpenbe dn ip stargate to epee pen ena menteoee Posed of‘progressive” young men like Don Fitipa, suggests that the money Jounaem pss st made Tha eon tno cn ——Reficesefermewicmminty vw 75 dramas suggested for consideration are {Gabemadorello” = comedy in rosea ‘ama of «sail character Both ‘he area, and Both ate tended ‘lstoms in oder to cazet ou beter qualities” “hiss deal fom the Ni ches the reader lao the native ‘basis of the “Ppine” national omit, The Bee Goaray tne ‘he Holset os Setion—reat the Pippi pari sa tet tha sa {he act of decoding and Ink the eliing tah culled hom esc {he moral improvement of the vendre The pu thle at once real and “out thee” and, above ll, “te” Rial repos Basrante’ tlc concerning his novels characes would a ego 'n foe ofthe existence of the nova ad its characte a Insopondeat tom the authors idea and intentions, eventhough the sith would esfore have to invent words that the suas “could ve tered td ven Inst that he can prove the realty of wat he ipod. The Ep loge ofthe Nol for example, begins with the flloving peregraph, ‘Viniendo ain muchos de mets pene hab pert de vista as oto es impotle un verdadero pag. ar len ee te, mutates con pst odo ues pease peed ‘or el Padre Salty seabando por Dot Verna, pte noes ‘ose. tH pas y wa sas leh de lien ‘Shee some of our hares zl ning another av esa ast set ora elu spose Forte ston fa wa Inte as fore good ofthe poole, we sod ply Kile al fo ‘arcs, begining wis ae Se ad ending with Dafa rina Tnnatie wo ha pretnslon to eing Spanish, rie ab par lar and dase fo the Buopean fon, ba as act pose. ether et Apo te cou not uses has eappar em 1m tho end. (mode manition) “The Blecdon of the Maan Making fot ramas are writen by people rom to give a representation of our wn ees and defects and to encounge cur In ths passage, Ral invokes both the “el wo in its trey laced, raised, and deta speci Csome of our characters are il living), and the fctonal wold in ts estcay onalzed and rendered Axnowabaly Cre should lay Kil of all of tem, begining wih Pace Salt and ending with Dota Vitoria) witout stetchig the readers ‘Gnlereduity Wha ie rmartable about hs double Location of history snd feton iste power and esi soch an nveeton pans to 207 Scanned by CamScannerae ico ae i ece cao Sere er taravaoett nnn po Math msds of the arate and prvi oes epogue, ce CaS en eh a ‘Rizal alludes to his own profession as a ag we ay mang one ote sets Comment Sa a meno Serer este cnmn ore ae reson been a ‘Between the author’ power to depict his world and the “constraints” aati ta aee ‘embodlis and thematzes the impulse to explain not only the transfor ain otra ee eee ee Sees aeencrnvoeerae ee eee aan eeeseg cae we thaaeetcseatsetai eres reais eee ene eral ea ears Se smteietnaten tones Settee tiataaretoie sees eer ssa aga Sma cesta phe toneet Series mo ‘Sco ooqee Sarin en oe Sooo ceed acne oe {eo dtcioe te sci oner tat tected, and a 82 flame he soc oer at eed nd wk eee ee dees. "Let es ——Batttmetatoentiscommeny oe 71 ee eee Sing tah et a a ma oe PeneS echt er rn ie gro Sepa em ets autem or cae at se eco corm tore ee semen cm Erste es Ne i Sac ca ett te se er seme, emi grt SESE eee here noel et nh ae re oy eat Sesame pt unseat mp ison mer cote ae sera sete fa en tre Peter pipe ogo ete oh ioc eg cece mrt rn Sites ee Saar See erence So roe eat ae teenie pier ee repens Sort ae oe See eee at see ean eae oes ye menerrs ee Spies seme re cee Se ee SPE Ee eta ee ee eee en Se nica oie ieee sh itt a raat reece mere tetas sepanrenenee meres maorn te eect era ree Rizal addresses the issue by positing an outside stance throngh ‘Scanned by CamScanneres ee ‘can be denaturatized, aro vent ine a sin cin ean ‘umined, examined, and ov eiy use the terms of) & universalie Sa wae cp tm set tao of we os of rb nt ane a ae nar eee Sic i ec te men ee Mette Sopp en tne Re pole ete ‘i ies itr mpl of ae pppoe frei end ee rey ier “ rete etm mh ee {fat pahasae the Bruied natives into “demanding! light, fe and) cee emma eee oe Pt See eye cent eee ieee cranny ce cee irae eae Se coe ra i ey et ceo oe oS ee ene os oe ree Sacee aa amen Fe are ogee a Aen aren ae apn tare eee Soe See cece cee ne cand en owed Senne Sere eras 6 of « single mopar neste Po a ‘eel nt he efor of Span to eep the hae dee Spain to kep the Philippine! hile astering the Pins spats nterce Forte soring “Pp etd ony us aeady meted ty eo soak ‘ena REA potion on aon power ee eats over anathes” views the outcome of sch en enesusee Sener ‘sn elaborate and elaborated precsonal "natonalye What stm fect. scikng abou the Nol tha een Se “Fiping? {ante snot much dierent rom th eaten of saga novels wong fm other countries. For example, be stnlety in plot and thurs Dbeoeen the Nolf and Dota Pec, «novel by Bento Rese ase tovted as Spain gestest writer nthe nineteenth centr. evive pen, ‘Spal around the dichotomy and eonfet beeen the Europeans tee, ‘utacan split concerted tn spa pled by the menopal or Ba, ‘ope, andthe tradfonalit,eactonay spit concenteted inane ied bythe province on Real cae, by colonial Plippines. Pees Gudoes le forthe reintegeton of Spaln int the aropet rata lon a ‘ho watld could very well hve been fal. hata could lo hae Bes ‘ny one ofthe young Spaniard thi forefather was « Basu) wh went broad—to Germany, fer exampe—to be educated td cue Bae ime ‘ued with dhe philosophical an scientic Idensprevaling tn het "Buropean counties dug the eecond hl of the nineteenth entry! tn thi ph, Rial draws ona sces of reed opposition sich se ‘on and superstition, just and unjust, ad knowledge and inorace, to ‘organiza the action his novels he mein Rl ae a pee pc he ‘oven which locality and local expression are speed in ees of fm, ‘rough te insiders pespecive, and though the insron of Tagalog words into Spanish. The idea ofa Fling “content s thus posted through word, and trough the Nom af double address pial af the Nate nae pepe. Moving, he nae des fe "atlonalizing impale not om single speaking volt, but fom the Scanned by CamScannerarenes ie as sors me i mm ee Sort itn Tengen ae Yom nc Soiree ec su oe vt ea eee te ee Sy a tre a ote a ethene a pce x reaclng many ee, oie fen, spec cnt no 8 coined, by the goer diy erro es Fa en yc them ree ee sen ener eae Satie geet Fee ce rcene cee teary eprieetemea coer reererintan Sea ace he ar of cia eee Ds tn cnt Someta tire tee red cine mee cciet one aren er specter taro orton Spamarty onan Seinen eres ero Sms cree ee pace Sateen etc genie Soa Scere ana eee naan ora aa ee Tyas Senn eeu ce fee ‘Dinetary comenst ling that Neary Louie Prat (1992) calls $c cn yn en a een ae (nie acy amen the center of somicete mae wp of cam ls Hts ny Bec tart ae ipa Saat wate tnpnranosmanes sptienmen rang Stet the wiring fhe Ns techn laa ‘se, this rootdners coexists alongside the equally, eeopenig “wns uroperepreseted—She aur and be eens soa being past of ager eon of spece sd tine cae the eee Side” Dua, who nds Mea ranger in te Plppaes ts von Year a Euops ts prey to th ther wins In fc te pens Serene general esos fon the ra th shane poe ‘evpadan ofan extemal space “Hert the Flips we comot Jeugh a such shings (xcs! in publ ee ean tne Ree Sowa in enlightened Burope” tnderecaing sade), The pode! ‘thology of Hberal ences pl of te Pas ln Prope fd Movemect Del Plo 170, I Lope en 5), 203-29 eis sina en oppressive eocaey that he ep tbe Pipe he ask ages vena tp the ineitable delet of ta oom Bremacy by Progress, by young tn wh dar ty iu pest and ‘team of sein up schoo einwt ncaa sn pop eat Scanned by CamScannerenn wun does eo 0 PE of the i ap it 8 NY Eyam ep 4 eng boa ha sel pip e al et a ihy Tome aa insider, the modem equivalent of, as men- eu ae tom tops in he por oe open a i a wg eat re ara eran obec ee AL hese te ones yraton i theiumedcy ofthe rea In thar seove, oe aes sae oto a srtreS cai el nan oo dw = ome, Fe cal wn es fie can eg les Ee rea yo ceo ek aa es Senencing ane capes ote Toe ee ane tins Pie wip ec etter on yaoi seeped by Sci one er nematn bt ue eepy3 Seely meres etc ete Bingen or ‘er orpeund i epron tom tat coe the Se Samm th ote Me cd fence es hgh i ‘nl sop get le err a ‘en bon wean eps ‘St ae ene supe Te Mann nem peng ft ae ric lesa courage in single-handedly calming down a restive crowd, itouch angst ches td Sh om thy a tan nt, oe ‘de he ticle ee eg ge i fs new xs sens conte one : SOREL SAS ecg te a sae Pe a les wrought by graven images tt ood a eg ‘eet mo oma ae cat he mm “Sinn : othe ‘sui Doss this not aly prove that the sacred —_Brfitmnotementi cormanty oe a3 ages ao tas wos without ang thet sis and even sue tootinchespechanee on ou scot Had apn Tag) noe eth is smal ysl the Chris in eh Sermon the Sere ‘Words move apd bot thei heas ee ines in ios ong 0 tans end groans ll te women a te snes dere enn! And mor: we cases faves mba Bone sees te preacher sow te publ atte momo cee he sts andere! soaked in boo, and we eres wer wendy ey sth ley when. unforunsl forou sol he meron sed that vas oly oe te loo of cite buleed ead ond ‘nd conned contnet nvihting the fc ws Goad ‘dy. he acta vas fa C6 28) ‘laughter subversive precisely because ts an acknowledgment ‘ofthe vulnerability of the sats comes tom th inde tt may lan be ected a he lsd The cia ey sine an beth the Spartans and "Fllpioos” Moreover, lager cm aie inthe mest (lopporne ‘moments and even amoag te subverens Inthe chapter on sul in torment, Sister Ruf, ater blag ignored by Pade Sl when she presse Forward to Bs his hand ater mas jokingly exlsms (clad. co rt ‘tame "Can be that youve ow ea cpa mise™ “he outsides sir (el mocking stance brnge out We most problemi aspect of Note the there of naan used bys specie cass of seprocsimedFipises. The sees of wale, Bera tpi paces hae the pauote, wily Iara resto crete on te bate of bs Be rope-inspired vision of progtess and change-notaiy the school shit Deni, spaces where the colonial hierarchy can be Httentl ot went Povsonal happiness and polial love ze lntetnined—arectaniy iorupted,ulmately ruined by crowds ofthe deentanchise, by the fosane Sia the spell Consicon the myteou Hla, the yellowish ‘an who ties to kl sur, and Leas the conspirator and Pace Sit ‘hort The disenfranchised fit inant ut ofthe edges of Tura con Sciousess fete at Melized sataedon on wove behal he seks ‘astute reforms, then a Indias ke the madroman Sa, her ive erate gambler fs harband Pedr, and the mercenary aces, wi impinge ‘on his eonscouaness and icmopt his rveces aed preoceupation t2 Inf ehtr specie problems and liognerestes upon him. and fall a ‘ne Indvidul a ee de or peed, “be voice of he erected” Bias, who quite iterallyspeas, ith compelling gency, on bea of opitan Pablo and his band of hunted men. Scanned by CamScanner4 Macon Bent #2 enna ne camenyraita te =n ceo elo apis wrt vik pubis he is unable t0 guarantee hg rating his festive» ‘Je is not just the sexually moti. se pene a a eee Fresno te he ig So ea ne [Erte hu, ode Damas hte ot of is fel eget rm re a lace tes Bp oot cy imb ePe intimate and personal yy, Ze meen de en Be Sy gwen ed Paro te dds concerned, Tere Iso escaping the Panera eo tal fllowPpios because they are the ones who ake eed apeboialy. By exploiting the india, Ibars a adn crud tomato, be o after Ibarra saved his, tater na a ee nae = re fasta rather than sever it, after finding out ee a icaenes ben iE spaatgr tales schon es otean nes onkan a aaa aay ee TET ee Tes oct aes SaScmehnaunlpcaeees Levarwiihyne reese soi pl keds Se Biescan ans soca eaten eae ee pee cere Senet cm eae ran ae See ee Som a pol ene Spina eae Sete SSE Sate ear acetie ete en Seo per nena i rs Smee ohh eae ce me ee {ezacy ofthe habls of thought and action that help maintain the OP” ‘malt scl oder, makes the pedapogeal tak neceanty ad infil ope ie ee scr ns Inforced in the noel zal hover as alo svat cig pose p “nals” at mlddleclansHsron wer eae oe a folonil power. The contact zone te pecsly wh gonentes oa called “corruption,” or cancer, notably the linge rege, By ‘negative reviews of the Nol Inthe Spanish press econ ake oy for bad welting Rodiguer, quoted in Schumacher 159,95) bg “erssstfgnorance of the rues ofliertue and especialy of Spenn gamer" (7 Indeed tho Not tel sex meron ote thing ese ont exceeds the rls of novel wen if by muss eo ae thot clanicalaltsons cannot be ued angle falagas or grammat, cal Spanish alongside market Spanish Chine pn, Tuo Ldn td foter languages ‘That the word “conrpton is used to dre the nguie expst- ence and the rit of coll experience only Nght the dangerous ‘asibtiy of meaning produced within the conic zone. The soe of the colonize’ fasta ae para ls prey in ti nb 0 ‘onuol the weys in which meaning center and proliferates win & ‘tod, Pade Daraao sermon proves one such dca in whieh the ‘thes, fred to lsten fo 3 longevnded brea Inthe lnconpehen sible lsegoage of thee maser, manage to work oth own eg of the sermon according fo te speci cncame with potently une lng eects as fr ab the ofl dacoure of the euch conceed, sac the ples vtpertonaglnst upp ates somehow gets inte reed a the priest tack aget the nee Spanish goverment (Rafal 1868, 1-22). Doda Cansei interminable sug wis he word Pipa” ends up confining Her hussnd the jaan reveling hls Sgnorance, thereby undermining his supposed suber and wper- ity at a Spanierd. Or coasicer agin the viltdes of the word {Mlibusero as ie undergoes iteration with diference lato plbenera, lebestir,plibetia pvt paler ad abstr inthe hands fri Inthe pt Sen Tree” he oa ng 4 Grcanion ofthe mei faqs hand thane yd worth of Indulgences and penitence The Inserdons of Taglog words an ‘Scanned by CamScanner