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    circle geometry

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    12 views8 pages

    Circle Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Akhlak Hossain
    circle geometry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8
    UNIT | Proofs in Een 1 re) (not included for NA) Useful Properties and Concepts that are learnt in O Level Mathematics 1. Angle Properties (a) Altemate angles between parallel lines are equal Since POI RS. Za = Ldand 2b= Ze (b) Corresponding angles between parallel lines are equal Since PON RS, Za = Leand £b= Ld (©) _ Interior angles between parallel lines are supplementary Since POI) RS, Za + Le=180° and £b+ /d=180° 2. Properties of Congruent Triangles © Corresponding sides are equal in length. = Corresponding angles are equal. 3. Congruence Tests for Triangles @ SSS AB = XY, AC = XZ and BC = YZ A + — _— SF ¥ i Cc (ii) SAS AB=XY,AC=XZ and ZA= 2X (dil) AAS or ASA AB=XY,/A=/Xand 2B=/Y =o (iv) RAS Only applicable for right-angled triangles. BC = YZ,AB=XY and £C = £2=90° A <\ 4. Properties of Similar Triangles 4 + Allcoresponding angles are equal /\ + Allcomresponding sides are proportional in length. AE _AB_ EB / \ AD” AC” DC Area of AAEB __ 5. Similarity Tests for Triangles @ AA 2A= LX and 2B= LY “A s \ bh Y aA \ — \Y 2 (iii) SAS AB BC ang (B= LY XY YZ ae » \ NN ZG wo} \ " Zz Circles (a) 2 at centre = 22 at circumference An angle at the cent is twice any angle at the circumference subtended by the same are,iz.Za=2/b. / oO NE (b) Rt. Z ina semicircle Every angle at the circumference subtended by the diameter of a circle is a right angle, ie. Za = 90°. LS) (©) sin the same segment Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal, i2. Ze = 2b. (d) Zs in opp. segments are supplementary Ina cyclic quadrilateral, the opposite angles are supplementary, ie Za+ /e=180°and /b+ /d = 180° (@) L bisector of a chord passes through the centre of the circle A straight line drawn from the centre to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord, ie. OC 1 AB > AC=BC. “a ) we 1 [ A (Equal chords are equidistant from the centre Chords which are equidistant from the centre are equal,ie AB= DE « OC = OF. (AOAB = AODE) (g) Tangent 1 radius A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of contact, ic. OC LPO | / ; \ VL } P— c 45 (a) Tangents from an external point (i) Tangents drawn to a circle from an external point are equal. ie. PA= PB. (ii) ‘The line joining the external point to the centre of the circle bisects the angle between the tangents, ie. LAPO = BPO and ZAOP = ZBOP. (AOAP = AOBP) 7. Midpoint Theorem for Triangles In AABC, if D and E are the midpoiats of the sides AB and AC respectively, then DE/I BC and DE = 4 BC. A a 8. Tangent-chord Theorem (Alternate Segiment Theorem) The angle between a tangent and a chord meeting the tangent at the point of contact, is equal to the inscribed angle on the opposite side of the chord, ie. LBAE= LBCA and ZCAD = CBA. B Example 1 ‘The diagram shows a circle, centre O, with diameter AC and AB = AD. AC and BD intersect at X. (a) Prove that AABC and AADC are congruent. (d) Prove that BD 1s perpendicular to AC. Solution (a) AB=AD AC is a common side for the two triangles. (The hypotenuse of both ZABC = ZADC = 90° (ft. Z ina semicircle) triangles are the same.) AABC is congruent to AADC (RHS congruence). (b) Since ABC is congruent to AADC and they share the same base (AC), BX = DX. Since AC passes through the centre of the circle, AC 1 BD ( bisector of a chord passes through the centre of the circle) Example 2 In the figure, BD and FE are tangents to the circle, centre O. BED is a tangent to the circle at B and ACD is a straight line. 2CED = 90°. Prove that () ABC = ZECD, (i) AABD 1s similar to ABCD. Solution (i) LECD = ZACK (vert. opp. £3) LACF = ZABC (

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