EAST AFRICA INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED STUDIES

COMMUNITY HEALTH
HEALTH EDUCATION & PROMOTION JAN EXAM

Student Name:…NAYE JILLO AILA Admission No: …23214…

Instructions to students:
Time: 2 HOURSAnswer ALL the questions

1. Explain the meaning of the following terms:

i. Health- is a state complete physical, mental, and social well-bein
ii. Health Education- is a combination of learning experience designed to
facilitate voluntary actions conducive to health
iii. Sickness- is a state of social dysfunction
iv. Physical health- refers to anatomical integrity and physiological functioning
of the body.
v. Information Education and Communication ( IEC)-is a term originally from
family planning and more recently Hiv/Aids control program in developing
countries.
Information a collection of useful briefs or detailed ideas, processes, data
and theories that can be used for a certain period of time.
Education a complex and planned learning experiences that aims to bring
about changes in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of behaviour.
Communication is the process of sharing ideas, information, knowledge and
experience among people using different channels.
( 10mks)
2.
a. Explain the basic principles of health education (5 mks)
(I) all health education should be need based
(ii) it's necessary to have a free flow of communication
(iii) the educator need to reduce any social distance when giving health education
(iv) health education should provide learners with an opportunity to go through the stages
of identification of problems, planning, implementation and evaluation
(v) the health educators should not only have correct information with them but also
should themselves practice what they profess.
(vi) health educator should use terms that can be immediately understood.

b. Explain the meaning of primary and secondary prevention in health education (2 mks).
Primary prevention is comprised of those activities carried out to keep people healthy
and prevent them from getting diseases. E.g using rubber gloves when there is a potential
for the spread of diseases
Secondary prevention include preventive measures that lead to an early diagnosis and
prompt treatment of a problem before it gets serious. E.g recognizing of symptoms,
taking home remedies, consulting family and healers
c. Discuss the importance of primary education ( 8 mks)
 . It is shaped around life partners of the population.
. It serves and meets the needs of the community.
. It can be delivered by the villagers after simple training and preparation, etc.
. It is based on available community resources.
. It helps to bring the health care into line with local needs and priority.
. It is fully integrated with community developmental activities.
. It is an integrated approach of preventive, pro-motive, curative and rehabilitation
services for the individual, family and community.

3. Explain five benefits of community participation in health education programs (5 mks)

i) it leads development endeavours to success
ii) shifts the emphasis from individual to the community
iii) ensures community motivation and support
iv) as communities often have detailed knowledge about their surroundings, there
participation makes program relevant to local situation.
v) promotes self-help and self-reliance

4. Discuss five common methods used in group education

I) Meetings. This is formal and organised platform in which a group of people meet to
gather information, share ideas, take decisions and make plans to solve problems.
II) Clubs. They are many kinds of organisations to which women, men and young people
belong. They provide an opportunity for a systematic way of teaching over an extended
period of time. Eg. A group citizens could form an association to deal with problems
related to a major local disease or protect the environment.
III) group discussion. This is free and informal gathering to share ideas or solve a
problem
IV)Songs. People sing to express ideas and feelings such as love and sadness, tell story of
a famous person, commemorate religious days etc
V) Demonstrations. It is a step-by-step procedure that is performed before ya group. They
involve a mixture of theoretical teaching and practical work. It is used to show skills.
VI)

( 10 mks)

5.
(a) Explain five advantages of using visual aids as teaching aid

I) Provide a clear mental picture of the message

II) can stimulate active thinking
III) help memory and promote shared experience
IV) they can easily arouse interest
V) speed up and enhance understanding

(5 mks)
(b) Outline five basic ethical issues in health education
I. Autonomy - the relationship between health extension worker and community member
is based on a respect for him or her as a person and with individual rights.
II. Beneficence- Doing or promoting good as well as preventing removing and avoiding
evil or harm.
III. None-maleficence - None infliction of harm to others E.g using of sterile needles
IV. Justice - human beins should treat fellow human beins fairly and justly
V. Honesty - a necessary component of any communication is telling the truth

(5 mks)