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PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL BIASA TUNGGAL

(PDB = ODE )
dy
 f ( x, y) : x = xo ------> y = yo
dx
x = x1 ------> y = ….?

 Euler eksplisit
yi+1 = yi + x . f(xi,yi)

 Euler implicit
yi+1 = yi + x . f(xi+1,yi+1)

 Trapesium

yi+1 = yi + x . (f(xi,yi) + f(xi+1,yi+1))

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 Runge-Kutta orde-4

yi+1 = yi + x . (k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + k4)

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k1 = f(xi,yi)
1 1
k2 = f(xi + x ,yi + . k1 . x )
2 2
1 1
k3 = f(xi + x ,yi + . k 2 . x )
2 2

k4 = f(xi + x , yi + k 3 . x )
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SISTEM PDB (ODE)

dy1
 f1 ( x, y) mis :
dx
dy 2
 f 2 ( x, y ) x = 0 ----> y1 = y1,0
dx
y2 = y2,0

yn = yn,0

dy n
 f n ( x, y) x = 1 ----> y1 = …..?
dx
y2 = …..?
yn = ….?

 Metode Euler Eksplisit

y1,j+1 = y1,j + x. f1(xj,yj)
y2,j+1 = y2,j + x. f2(xj,yj)

yn,j+1 = yn,j + x. fn(xj,yj)

note : yj = y1,j, y2,j, …., yn,j
contoh : yi,j = harga yi pada xj
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Contoh :

Reaksi : A ------ > P

dC A  E
Diketahui :  k1 .C A . exp   ; steady state mol balance
dt  RT 

dT  E
 k 2 .C A . exp   : steady state energy balance
dt  RT 
E
dik : = 300 K
R
k1 = - 0,1 /det
k2 = 1 K/gmol.det
Nilai awal : To = 300 K
CAo = 1 gmol/liter
Ditanya : Tentukan konsentrasi (CA) dan temperatur (T) setelah 100 detik
Penyelesaian :
E
CA,i+1 = CA,i + t. k1. CA,i. Exp ( )
RT
E
Ti+1 = Ti + t. k2. CA,i. Exp ( )
RT

Tentukan t -------> usahakan t sangat kecil

i t CA T
1 0 1 300
2 10 0,6.. 303,..

100 0.0.. 309,..

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clc
% Program : euler4.m
delta = 10; % delta = step/interval
t = [0 : delta : 100];
CA = 0*t; T = 0*t;
CA(1) = 1; T(1) = 300;
k1 = -0.1; k2 = 1;
for i = 2 : max(size(t))
CA(i) = CA(i-1) + delta*k1*CA(i-1)*exp(-300/T(i-1));
T(i) = T(i-1) + delta*k2*CA(i-1)*exp(-300/T(i-1));
end
disp (' ')
disp ('Hasil perhitungan :')
disp ('------------------------------')
disp (' t CA T ')
disp ('------------------------------')
for i = 1:max(size(t))
fprintf('%6.2f%10.5f%12.5f\n',t(i),CA(i), T(i))
end
disp ('-----------------------------')
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Hasil perhitungan :
------------------------------
t CA T
------------------------------
0.00 1.00000 300.00000
10.00 0.63212 303.67879
20.00 0.39674 306.03258
30.00 0.24788 307.52117
40.00 0.15443 308.45566
50.00 0.09604 309.03958
60.00 0.05966 309.40339
70.00 0.03704 309.62964
80.00 0.02298 309.77019
90.00 0.01426 309.85744
100.00 0.00884 309.91158
-----------------------------
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function F = f802(t,y)
ca = y(1);
T = y(2);
F = zeros(2,1);
F(1) = -0.1*ca*exp(-300/T);
F(2) = 1*ca*exp(-300/T);

>> [t y] = ode23('f802',[0:10:100],[1 300]);

>> [t y]
ans =
0 1.0000 300.0000
10.0000 0.6905 303.0951
20.0000 0.4751 305.2486
30.0000 0.3262 306.7376
40.0000 0.2237 307.7634
50.0000 0.1532 308.4682
60.0000 0.1048 308.9517
70.0000 0.0717 309.2829
80.0000 0.0490 309.5096
90.0000 0.0335 309.6647
100.0000 0.0229 309.7708
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 Metode Runge-Kutta orde 4

yi,j+1 = yi,j + x (k1,i,j + 2 k2,i,j + 2 k3,i,j + k4,i,j)

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k1,i,j = fi (x, y1,j, y2,j, …. , yn,j)

k2,i,j = fi (x + x , y1,j + x .k1,1,j, …. , yn,j + x .k1,n,j)

2 2 2
k3,i,j = fi (x + x , y1,j + x .k2,1,j, …. , yn,j + x .k2,n,j)
2 2 2
k4,i,j = fi (x + x, y1,j + x. k3,1,j, …. , yn,j +x.k3,n,j)

Contoh :
dy1 x. y1 . y 2

dx y3

dy1
 x 2  y12  y 22  y 32 x = 0 -------> y1 = y2 = y3 = 1
dx
dy 3
 ( y1 . y 2  y 2 . y 3  y1 . y 3 ) x
dx

Tentukan : y1, y2, y3 pada x = 0,3

Penyelesaian : x = 0,1
0.1.1
 k1,1,0 = f1(xo,yo) = 0
1

k1,2,0 = f2(xo,yo) = 02 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 3
k1,3,0 = f3(xo,yo) = (1.1 + 1.1 + 1.1). 0 = 0
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0,1
Untuk menghitung : k2,1,0 : y1 = 1 + .0 = 1
2
0,1
y2 = 1 + .3 = 1,15
2
0,1
y3 = 1 + .0 = 1
2
0,1
x=0 + = 0,05
2
0,05. 1. 1,15
k2,1,0 = = 0,0575
1

k2,2,0 = 0,052 + 12 + 1,152 + 12 = 3,325

k2,3,0 = (1.1,15 + 1,15.1 + 1.1). 0,05 = 0,165
0,1
Untuk menghitung : k3,1,0 : y1 = 1 + .0,0575 = 1,0029
2
0,1
y2 = 1 + .3,325 = 1,1663
2
0,1
y3 = 1 + .0,165 = 1,0083
2
0,1
x=0 + = 0,05
2
0,05. 1,0029. 1,1663
k3,1,0 = = 0,0580
1,0083

k3,2,0 = 0,052 + 1,00292 + 1,16632 + 1,00832 = 3,3850

k3,3,0 = (1,0029.1,1663 + 1,1663.1,0083 + 1,0029. 1,0083).
0,05 = 0,1678
Untuk menghitung : k4,1,0 : y1 = 1 + 0,1 . 0,0580 = 1,0058
y2 = 1 + 0,1 . 3,3850 = 1,3385
y3 = 1 + 0,1 . 0,1678 = 1,0168
x = 0 + 0,1 = 0,1
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k4,1,0 = 0,1324
k4,2,0 = 3,3385
k4,3,0 = 0,3730
Maka :
0,1
y1,1 = y1,0 + (0 + 2. 0,0575 + 2. 0,0580 + 0,1324) =
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1,0061
0,1
y2,1 = y1,0 + (3 + 2. 3,325 + 2. 3,385 + 3,3847) = 1,3378
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0,1
y3,1 = y1,0 + (0 + 2. 0,1650 + 2. 0,1678 + 0,3730) =
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1,0173

X j y1,j k1,1,j k2,1,j k3,1,j k4,1,j y2,j y3,j

0 0 1,0 0 0,0575 0,0580 0,1324 1,0 1,0
0,1 1 1,006 0,1323 0,2244 0,2271 0,3418 1,338 1,017
0,2 2 1,029 0,3414 0,4785 0,4865 0,6570 1,795 1,082
0,3 1,078 2,496 1,231
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