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    Technote 8

    Uploaded by

    Lalith Kumar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12
    ei lechnical No Dr. Bijan O. Aalami, Bditor For Professionals Engaged in Post-Tensioning Design Issue 8 + April 2000 Layout Of Post-Tensioning And Passive Reinforcement In Floor Slabs By Dr. Bijan O. Aalami Reviewed by: Russell Price Peter Reinhardt* SYNOPSIS This Technical Note presents the layout and profile of post-tensioning tendons, and the layout of supplemental non-prestessed (passive) reinforcement for post-ensioned floor systems. The presentation is based on governing codes, where applicable, or the pr of structural design professionals and post-tensioning suppliers in USA. The placement of passive reinforcement (rebar) covers bot the minimum requirements of the codes, and the requirements to meet strength demand. The thrust of the presentation is on the appli of unbonded mono-strand tendons, although most of the discussion applies equally to grouted and mult-strand systems in building con- struction. Finally, an example ofa flat slab floor system is presented to illustrate the practice. 1 - INTRODUCTION In post-tensioned floor slab construction, the placement of post- sioning tendons and associated nonprestressed reinforcement does not strictly follow the practice of nonprestressed slabs, Five under lying features of post-tensioned construction allow greater flexibil ity in reinforcement layout. These ae: (@ In posttensioned structures, crack formation and the consequent increase in deflection, ae not influenced by the position of reinforce- iment, tothe same degree as in nonprestressed structures. Under the service condition, the precompression from the tendons in a posttn- sioned floor tend to restrain erack formation, Since precompression disperses rapidly within the slab from its point of application, the actual position ofthe tendon becomes less critical, Fig. 1-1 illustrates this phenomenon. Since the resultant fore of the tendons isthe same for the two layout options in Fig. 1-1, the precompression will also be the same at regions away from the anchorage. This flexibility in tein TRRS sess 2P \ | \ 8 (a) TENDONS DISTRIBUTED ALONG THE EDGES 2 TENDONS cae sess =22 Mt Bt Bi (b) TENDONS BANDED AT CENTER ‘TWO PRESENTATIONS OF TENDON DISPOSITION FIGURE 1-1 forcement layout does not apply to nonprestressed construction, where the reinforcement must be placed across the anticipated crack path to be effective, (ii) ‘The uplift imparted by the tendons in a post-tensioned floor system typically counteracts between 50 and 100 percent ofthe self= weight of the structure. Asa result the net bending stresses are small- er, and the floor system deflets less. Cracks are also smaller in num ber, and do not play a significant role in most floor systems if the hypothetical tensile stresses are Kept low [within 1.0V('c) MPa, ot L2N('c) psi]. Therefore, epurt from locations over the top of columns where high tensile stresses develop, it is seldom necessary to place rebar in other regions of a floor system for crack control du to serv- ice load bending stresses. ‘The computed stresses are termed hypothetical, since they are tained by applying the resultant ofall bending and axial loads acing aa section asa uniform loading on the ene cross-setional area of the design stip. Hence, the resulting stresses represent aver- age values that can exceed the cracking stress of concrete (Cracks that are developed due tothe restraint to the fre shortening of the slab caused by supporting walls and columns require special aatention and treatment in rebar detailing, These types of cracks are not discussed in this work. Interested readers are directed to a com prehensive treatment ofthe topic in the reference [Aalami and Barth, 1988} (ii) Due to the biaxial precompression in posttensioned floor sys- tems, conerete can sustain longer spans between adjacent, parallel ‘tendons without diminishing the service or safety of the structure. For this reason, the maximum spacing for tendons is several times larger than for reinforcement in nonprestressed floors (a) PLAN (e) COLUMN REGION av,“ FAILURE ‘sooo, use mie wth (b) SECTION ome (a) SECTION SIMPLIFIED FAILURE MECHANISMS. OF FLAT PLATES FIGURE 1-2 (©) PLAN iv) At the strength limit state, the failure ofa slab is preceded by the mobilization of all reinforcement running across the hinge lines that develop over the entre width of the span, or around the columns. Fig. 1-2, illustrates possible altematives of two-way floor system failure due to formation of plastic hinge lines. Apart from the column region, where a concentration of reinforcement becomes necessary to avoid column hinge failure (Fig. -2(e), for a hinge line aross a span the total amount of reinforcement is critical. The disposition of rein- forcement across the span hinge line does not change the ultimate strength limit ofthe slab atthe hinge line co any significant extent igs. 1-2 @) and (@). v) The restriction imposed on the placement of reinforcement through the “column stip, middle stip” designation, when using the Direct Design Method [ACI 318, 1995] inthe design of nonprestesse floor systems, does not apply to post-tensioned floors, Neither the tendon Tayout, nor the nonprestressed reinforcement are governed by the "column strip, middle strip" concept The following describes the layout of tendons and the associated non- prestressed reinforcement forthe gravity design of common structur al conditions. The discussion covers the overall layout of reinforcing. Detailing at discontinuities and where restraint by supports to the free ‘movement of the slab become critical, requires special attention that ‘snot covered herein. For seismic and wind design, the placement of reinforcement is governed by the demand due to seismic and wind actions respectively. ACI-3I8 [1995] and ACI-423 [1996] are used ‘where applicable. Otherwise, the standard of practice exercised by the profession i reported We (a) SEVEN WIRE STRAND PusTiC SHEATHING S as S conrosion ——\ INHIBITING COATING NOTE: * NOMINAL DIAMETER (b) VIEW OF TENDON 12.7mm (1/2") SEVEN WIRE UNBONDED EXTRUDED TENDON FIGURE 1-3 ‘The following sections describe the disposition of the tendons and reinforcement in a typical floor system. No distinction is made or deemed necessary between flat plates, flat slabs, floor slabs, two-way slabs, and floor systems, The terms are used interchangeably. Refer to Fig. 1-3 for further clarification of other terms A tendon is defined as the sheathing (duct, the strand(s) within it and the corrosion inhibit- ing grease or grout filling its voids. A tendon may contain one or more seven-wire strands. Other definitions used herein are illustrated in Figs, 1-4 and 1-5 Figure 1-5 is « partial view of a floor slab presented inthe previous figure, and shows a region of te slab referred to as a design strip. A. design strip isa region assigned to a hypothetical support line that joins a line of columns and/or walls in one direction, Design strips are used to divide up the floor system in two essentially orthogonal d (b) MINIMUM SPACING BETWEEN BUNDLED TENDONS TENDON SPACING IN SLABS FIGURE 2.3-1 2.3 - DETAILING OF TENDON LAYOUT A. Minimum Tendons Over Supports According to the ACI-3I8 Code, a minimum of two tendons in each direction must pass directly over each suppor, regardless of how ‘many strands each tendon contains. For unbonded mono-strand ten- dons, where a tendon contains one seven-wie strand only, a total of ‘wo seven-wire strands must pass over the support in each direction However, when a tendon contains more than one strand, the total num ber of strands passing over the support will be more ‘The Canadian Code is more rational. In its recommendation for non- prestressed design the amount of reinforcement required to pass over cach support is related to the weight of the slab tributary at that sup- por. B, Maximum Spacing Between Tendons ‘The maximum spacing between any two tendons is the lesser of eight times the slab thickness (refer to Fig. 2.3-1(a)) or 1.50 m (5), except forthe banded distributed layout, where this restriction does not apply to the banded tendons. . Minimum Spacing Between Tendons ‘The minimum spacing for fendons is shown graphically in Fig. 2.3 1(6). Typically tendons must be spaced ata distance (s) that is larger than the horizontal width (4 ofthe bundles, plus the sum ofthe widths (dh) of all rebar placed between each bundle, ‘This value varies from Jess than 25mm (1") for a single monostrand tendon to more than 50mm (2") for a flat bundle of four strands. However, in no case should tendons be placed closer than the minimum spacing allowed between two adjacent rebars atthe same location. D. Bundling of Unbonded Tendons For ease of construction, itis common practice to bundle several tunbonded mono-strand tendons together. Furl strands per fat bundle is the maximum recommended number used in practice for floor slab construction. Apart from the possibility of poor consolidation of con- crete around bundles, this imitation is followed fortwo reasons. Fist, there isan increased potential fr delamination at high and low profile Points as more strands are bundled together. Second there is an increased likelihood for blowouts at locations of horizontal curvature due to riding f the outer strands over the inner one. For beams, the strands are placed ina round bundle (Fig. 2.32). There is no limitation on the number of unbonded strands that can be bun: dled in a beam, provided concrete below the bundle can be satisfacto- rily placed and consolidated. In practice, bundle size is limited to six strands per bundle. = sims {Tox (a) BUNDLING OF TENDONS, BEAN ieee ) TENDONS SUPPORT CHAIRS PLACEMENT OF TENDONS IN BEAMS FIGURE 2.3.2 E, Curvature in Tendons ‘Maximum curvature in tendon is controlled for two reasons. Firs, tendons that are curved horizontally to follow the nonaligned column layout, oF to avoid openings tend to increase the risk of blow out, This risk can be minimized if tendon curvature is smaller than shown in Fig. 23-3. For larger curvatures (lighter swerves) properly placed hairpins as shown must be used. The details shown in the fig- ture are for common slab construction with 12mm (0.50 in.) nominal diameter unbonded tendons, and the conservative stipulation that the lateral (horizontal) pressure imparted to concrete due to tendon curva~ ture is not to exceed 3 MPa (450 psi). Thus the radius of curvature must be atleast 3m (10ft) ‘Second, forcing a strand into a sharp curvature induces flexural stresses in the strand wires that may become significant if the curvature is ight. For ‘nbonded tendons, CEB [1992] recommends that 20 times the strand’s to0nnn (36) 00mm (36") Ss emit tog PNG =) E 4

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