uses of “have”

1. as a main verb to I have a lovely red car.

indicate possession -non-action verb
2. as a main verb with an She’s having a shower now.
object as part of a He always has lunch at home.
phrase. -possible to use in the
continuous tense
3. as an auxiliary verb in They’ve been married for
perfect tenses. seven years.
She had forgotten his
birthday.
He’s been reading all
morning.
4. have + object + past I’m having my hair cut next
 participle indicates that week.
you have paid someone to They’ve had their car
do something you can’t or serviced.
don’t want to do yourself. -replace “have” with “get” in
informal contexts.
5. have got in informal I’ve got a lot of work to do.
contexts means exactly the =
same as have I have a lot of work to do.
-only going to use this in
the present simple
6. have to to express I have to finish everything
obligation today.
Did we have to do any
homework last week?

I have got to call my mom for

her birthday. (specific
 obligation)
I have to wear a uniform at
work. (repeated, general
obligation)

grab a drink: go somewhere to drink

something with me

I’ve known her for three years.

I’ve lived here since April.
put yourself in someone else’s shoes = be
sympathetic towards them = understand their
position

clock in
clock out

1.) salaried job, in which you receive

the same amount of money every year
regardless of how many hours you work
 2.) hourly job, in which you receive
monetary compensation for the number of
hours you work. In these jobs, you must
clock in and out when you arrive and
leave so the company knows how much to
pay you.

300 workers were laid off from Ford.

I was downsized last year because my
company didn’t make a profit for four
quarters.
(you lose your job, but it’s not because
you’re a bad worker. It’s because the
company doesn’t have enough money to pay
you anymore.)

As a result, you will pass the class.

therefore / consequently

The company has posted losses for four

quarters. Therefore, you will be downsized.

The company has posted losses for four

quarters; therefore, you will be downsized.

register: how formal a word/phrase is

My boyfriend was happy since I made him his
favorite lunch.

My boyfriend was happy owing to the food.

Despite being 85, my grandmother still
practices yoga.
In spite of losing the match, the team was
in good spirits.
followed by a gerund (verb in the -ing form
functioning as a noun)

Despite the rain, we enjoyed the picnic.

I could still somewhat hear the teacher, in
spite of the noise.
In spite of the fact that I am a teacher, I
manage to afford the things I need.

Despite the fact that the class was

virtual, the students still learned
something.

clause: a group of words that contain a

subject and a verb
Our seats were a long way from the stage.
We enjoyed the play.
in spite

We enjoyed the play, in spite of being a

long way from the stage.

We enjoyed the play, in spite of the fact

that our seats were a long way from the
stage.
2. It took us a long time to get there
because of the heavy traffic.

3. I didn’t want Becky to know how much the

bag had cost, so I took the tag off and put
it in my pocket.

4.Keep the receipt for the sweater in case

your dad doesn’t like it.

5.
6.Prices have risen due to the fact that
the production costs have increased

-The increase in the production costs was

due to/because of the rise in prices